CN112816877B - Current calibration method, device and storage medium for battery - Google Patents
Current calibration method, device and storage medium for battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112816877B CN112816877B CN202110003137.2A CN202110003137A CN112816877B CN 112816877 B CN112816877 B CN 112816877B CN 202110003137 A CN202110003137 A CN 202110003137A CN 112816877 B CN112816877 B CN 112816877B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a current calibration method of a battery, which comprises the following steps: establishing a battery equivalent circuit model according to the dynamic characteristics of the battery, and constructing a discrete equation of the battery model; acquiring a real current value and an open-circuit voltage of the battery, and combining a discrete equation of a battery model to obtain a dynamic voltage model of the battery; performing first parameter identification on the dynamic voltage model to obtain a first dynamic voltage; calculating a second dynamic voltage using the measured current value of the battery; establishing a dynamic voltage error model according to the difference between the first dynamic voltage and the second dynamic voltage; and performing secondary parameter identification on the dynamic voltage error model, and outputting a vector formed by the current measurement deviation so as to calibrate the current measurement value of the battery according to the vector formed by the current measurement deviation. The invention also discloses a current calibration device of the battery and a computer readable storage medium. By adopting the embodiment of the invention, the current measurement value of the battery can be effectively calibrated.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of batteries, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, and a storage medium for calibrating a current of a battery.
Background
In recent years, power battery systems have attracted more and more attention as key component systems in the fields of battery automobiles, power energy storage systems and the like. In general, a system is composed of hundreds or thousands of batteries, the operating environment of the batteries is harsh, and thermal runaway of the batteries can be caused when the battery temperature is too high or the battery voltage is too high. Therefore, the power battery is monitored in real time, including the voltage and temperature of all the batteries, the current on the high-voltage loop of the power battery, and the like, and the monitoring is usually performed by a battery management system. In addition, the battery management system needs to perform the functions of state estimation (including state of charge estimation, state of health estimation, power state estimation, etc.) and fault diagnosis. For the above function, one of the necessary observed inputs is the current on the power pack loop. Taking a state of charge (SOC) estimation as an example, if there is a deviation in the battery current sampling, the accumulated SOC error caused by the deviation will become larger and larger. In addition, when the parameters of the battery model are identified, if the battery current has a measurement deviation, the battery model parameters will also have a deviation, which affects the estimation of other battery states.
The current battery current sensors used in the electric automobile mainly have two types: a hall sensor and a shunt. The Hall sensor is used for indirectly collecting the battery current based on the Hall effect, and the shunt is used for directly measuring the battery current based on the ohm law. In contrast, the precision of the hall flow sensor is high, but the defects of large zero drift, high failure rate and the like exist, the price of the hall flow sensor is high, the linearity of the shunt is high, the cost is low, and the situation that the measurement is inaccurate under the condition of low current exists.
Currently, in battery management applications, in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of battery current measurement, two current sensors are usually arranged in one battery system to implement redundant sampling of battery current, but this increases the cost of the system, and when the currents output by the two current sensors are inconsistent, it is unknown which current sensor should be trusted, thereby affecting the battery management system control strategy. The problem of current measurement deviation can be solved through offline calibration, but the offline calibration workload is large, and the deviation changes along with the operating environment and the working condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method, equipment and a storage medium for calibrating the current of a battery, which can quickly and accurately identify the measurement deviation of a current sensor on line and effectively calibrate the current measurement value of the battery.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calibrating a current of a battery, including:
establishing a battery equivalent circuit model according to the dynamic characteristics of the battery, and establishing a battery model discrete equation of the battery equivalent circuit model;
acquiring a real current value and an open-circuit voltage of the battery, and combining the battery model discrete equation to obtain a dynamic voltage model of the battery;
performing first parameter identification on the dynamic voltage model to obtain a first dynamic voltage of the battery;
calculating a second dynamic voltage of the battery by using the measured current value of the battery according to the dynamic voltage model identified by the first parameter;
establishing a dynamic voltage error model according to the difference between the first dynamic voltage and the second dynamic voltage;
performing secondary parameter identification on the dynamic voltage error model, and outputting a parameter vector to be identified as a vector formed by current measurement deviation of the battery;
and calibrating the current measurement value of the battery according to the vector formed by the current measurement deviation.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the method for acquiring the open-circuit voltage includes:
and measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery every preset time period within the working temperature range of the battery.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the method for acquiring the open-circuit voltage includes:
and measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery after the capacity of the battery is reduced by preset electric quantity at a fixed temperature according to the aging state of the battery.
As an improvement of the scheme, the parameters of the dynamic voltage model are identified by using a least square method to obtain the first dynamic voltage of the battery.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the battery equivalent circuit model comprises a first resistor, a second resistor and a capacitor; the second resistor is connected with the capacitor in parallel, and the first resistor is connected with the circuit after being connected in parallel in series.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a current calibration apparatus for a battery, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, where the processor implements the current calibration method for the battery according to any of the above embodiments when executing the computer program.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, where the computer program, when executed, controls an apparatus where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform a current calibration method for a battery according to any one of the above embodiments.
Compared with the prior art, the method, the device and the storage medium for calibrating the current of the battery disclosed by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that a dynamic voltage error model is constructed again on the basis of the equivalent circuit model of the battery, the current deviation estimated value of the battery model is obtained by using a parameter identification algorithm twice, the offline calibration of the current measurement of the battery is not needed, the implementation is simple, and the method can be at least used for calibrating the current measured value of the battery in a battery system. Therefore, the measurement deviation of the current sensor can be obtained quickly, and accurate current input values are provided for parameter identification and state estimation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for calibrating a current of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery equivalent circuit model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a SOC-OCV relationship curve of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of identified current sensor offsets provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a battery model parameter identification R based on a conventional identification algorithm and the algorithm of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention o Comparing results;
FIG. 6 shows a battery model parameter R based on a conventional identification algorithm and the algorithm of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention p Comparing the identification results;
FIG. 7 shows a battery model parameter C based on a conventional identification algorithm and the algorithm of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention p Comparing the identification results;
fig. 8 is a block diagram of a current calibration apparatus for a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a current calibration method for a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the current calibration method for the battery includes:
s1, establishing a battery equivalent circuit model according to the dynamic characteristics of the battery, and establishing a battery model discrete equation of the battery equivalent circuit model;
s2, acquiring a real current value and an open-circuit voltage of the battery, and combining the battery model discrete equation to obtain a dynamic voltage model of the battery;
s3, performing first parameter identification on the dynamic voltage model to obtain a first dynamic voltage of the battery;
s4, calculating a second dynamic voltage of the battery by using the measured current value of the battery according to the dynamic voltage model identified by the first parameter;
s5, establishing a dynamic voltage error model according to the difference value between the first dynamic voltage and the second dynamic voltage;
s6, performing secondary parameter identification on the dynamic voltage error model, and outputting a parameter vector to be identified as a vector formed by current measurement deviation of the battery;
and S7, calibrating the current measurement value of the battery according to the vector formed by the current measurement deviation.
Specifically, in step S1, the battery used in the embodiment of the present invention is a lithium ion battery, and the actual application is not limited to this form of model. And establishing an equivalent circuit model of the battery according to the charge-discharge dynamic characteristic curve of the battery. Common battery equivalent circuit models include Rint internal resistance model, Thevenin model, DP (dual polarization) model, and PNGV (partial new for a new generation of vehicles) model. The battery model used in the present example is Thevenin model, taking into account model accuracy and computational complexity.
Specifically, the battery equivalent circuit model comprises a first resistor, a second resistor and a capacitor; the second resistor is connected with the capacitor in parallel, and the first resistor is connected with the circuit after being connected in parallel in series.
Illustratively, as shown in FIG. 2, U oc Is the open circuit voltage of the battery, R o Is the ohmic internal resistance (i.e. said first resistance), R, of the battery p (i.e., the second resistance) and C p Respectively the polarization resistance and polarization capacitance, U, of the battery p For the voltage applied across the polarisation resistor, U l And I l The true terminal voltage and true current of the battery, respectively, it is specified in the present example that the current of the battery is positive when discharged.
Specifically, the battery model discrete equation of the battery equivalent circuit model satisfies the following formula:
wherein subscript k is sampling time k, delta t is sampling period, tau p ＝R p ×C p Is a time constant.
Specifically, the battery parameters in the equivalent circuit model are unknown, including R o ，R p And C p And the subsequent steps identify the information. In addition, the open circuit voltage U oc Still unknown, it needs to be measured off-line for the subsequent parameter identification.
Optionally, the method for obtaining the open-circuit voltage includes:
measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery every preset time period within the working temperature range of the battery;
and measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery after the capacity of the battery is reduced by preset electric quantity at a fixed temperature according to the aging state of the battery.
Illustratively, the SOC of the battery has a relationship with the OCV, as shown in fig. 3 (T ═ 25 ℃, SOH ═ 100%). In order to ensure the accuracy of OCV, OCV needs to be measured at least once every 10% of SOC, and the battery needs to be left to stand before the corresponding SOC measurement. In order to ensure the adaptability of the subsequent parameter identification algorithm, the measurement of the SOC-OCV curve of the battery is required under different temperatures and different aging states, for example, fig. 3 shows test data of T25 ℃ and SOH 100%. Data selection: the open circuit voltage (i.e., OCV) of the battery is measured at least once every 10 deg.c (i.e., the preset time period) within the operating temperature range of the battery. The open circuit voltage of the primary battery is measured for each 5% drop in battery capacity (i.e., the predetermined charge) at the same temperature for different aging states.
Specifically, in step S2, when the method is operated at the k (k ≧ 2), the current deviation identification result at the k-1 can be used to obtain the current measurement value of the battery at that time, and I is set l Is the true current value that is actually input into the battery. Then the dynamic voltage E of the battery can be defined t Comprises the following steps:
E t,k ＝U l,k -U oc,k ＝-R o I l,k -U p,k formula (2);
the formula (2) can be recurred according to a discrete model equation of the battery to obtain a dynamic voltage model of the battery, and the dynamic voltage model meets the following formula:
wherein equation (3) can be written as
Wherein the output y k Data vector h k And a parameter vector theta to be identified k Is defined as follows:
specifically, in step S3, θ composed of unknown battery model parameters in equation (4) is corrected k The identification method of the method has various methods, including a least square algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, a genetic network algorithm and the like. Parameter a is identified by using recursive least square algorithm in the embodiment of the invention 1 ，b 0 And b 1 。
Specifically, the recursive least squares algorithm is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is theta k Is estimated value of L k For recursive least squares gain, P k Is a data covariance matrix.
A first dynamic voltage (E) of the battery t ) Satisfies the following conditions:
E t,k ＝a 1 E t,k-1 +b 0 I l,k +b 1 I l,k-1 equation (6).
Specifically, in step S4, a second dynamic voltage of the battery is obtained using the measured current value input into the battery model. Assume that the actual measured current value is I m Then the measured value of the current and the true value satisfy:
I m,k ＝I l,k +I b,k formula (7);
wherein, I b,k Is the measurement deviation of the battery sensor.
Assuming that the current I is actually measured m Inputting the voltage into the battery model identified in step S3, a second dynamic voltage (E) of the battery at the time can be obtained tm ) Satisfies the following conditions:
E tm,k ＝a 1 E t,k-1 +b 0 I m,k +b 1 I m,k-1 equation (8).
Specifically, in steps S5 to S6, a dynamic voltage error model is established according to a difference between the first dynamic voltage and the second dynamic voltage, the dynamic voltage error model satisfying:
equation (9) can be written as
Wherein the output y b,k Data vector h b,k And a parameter vector theta to be identified b,k Is defined as follows:
the output of the dynamic voltage error model is the difference between the two dynamic voltages, the data vector of the model is the model parameter identified in step S3, and the parameter vector to be identified is the vector formed by the current measurement deviations at the two moments.
The parameter identification can be performed again using the recursive least squares algorithm as follows:
wherein
Is theta b,k Estimated value of, L b,k And P b,k Is the recursive least squares gain and data covariance matrix.
Specifically, in step S7, the recognition result in step S6 is
The first element is assigned to the current deviation value, so that a basis can be provided for obtaining the accurate value of the current of the battery next time, and accurate identification of the parameters of the battery model and accurate estimation of the state of the battery are ensured.
Further, when the battery deviation of 0.2A is artificially added to the accurate current, the current sensor measurement deviation identified based on the method of the present invention is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that the identified current deviation quickly converges to the set current deviation, thereby verifying the validity of current calibration in the embodiment of the present invention.
With reference to figures 5-7 of the drawings,when the current deviation of 0.2A is artificially added to the accurate current, based on the comparison of the traditional least square algorithm (the traditional least square parameter identification without current deviation estimation) and the battery model parameter identified by the method of the invention, it can be seen that the parameter identified by the traditional recursion least square algorithm is biased when the current measurement deviation value exists, while the model parameter R identified by the method of the invention is biased o ，R p And C p The effectiveness of the invention is verified by being very close to the true value.
Compared with the prior art, the battery current calibration method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the dynamic voltage error model is constructed again on the basis of the battery equivalent circuit model, the current deviation estimated value of the battery model is obtained by using the parameter identification algorithm twice, the offline calibration of the battery current measurement is not needed, the implementation is simple, and the method can be at least used for calibrating the battery current measured value in a battery system. Therefore, the measurement deviation of the current sensor can be obtained quickly, and an accurate current input value is provided for parameter identification and state estimation.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a block diagram of a structure of a current calibration apparatus 20 for a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the current calibration apparatus 20 for a battery according to the embodiment includes: a processor 21, a memory 22 and a computer program stored in said memory 22 and executable on said processor 21. The processor 21, when executing the computer program, implements the steps in the above-mentioned embodiments of the method for calibrating the current of each battery, such as step S1 shown in fig. 1.
Illustratively, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules/units, which are stored in the memory 22 and executed by the processor 21 to accomplish the present invention. The one or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, which are used to describe the execution of the computer program in the current calibration device 20 of the battery.
The current calibration device 20 of the battery may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a palm top computer, and a cloud server. The current calibration device 20 of the battery may include, but is not limited to, a processor 21, a memory 22. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the schematic is merely an example of the current calibration device 20 of the battery and does not constitute a limitation of the current calibration device 20 of the battery and may include more or less components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components, for example the current calibration device 20 of the battery may also include input output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
The Processor 21 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, etc. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like, and the processor 21 is the control center of the battery current calibration device 20, and various interfaces and lines are used to connect the various parts of the entire battery current calibration device 20.
The memory 22 may be used to store the computer programs and/or modules, and the processor 21 may implement various functions of the battery current calibration apparatus 20 by running or executing the computer programs and/or modules stored in the memory 22 and calling up the data stored in the memory 22. The memory 22 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system, an application program required by at least one function (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.), and the like; the storage data area may store data (such as audio data, a phonebook, etc.) created according to the use of the cellular phone, and the like. In addition, the memory 22 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, a Flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.
Wherein the integrated module/unit of the current calibration device 20 of the battery, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the method according to the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium and used by the processor 21 to implement the steps of the above embodiments of the method. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, usb disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution medium, and the like. It should be noted that the computer readable medium may contain content that is subject to appropriate increase or decrease as required by legislation and patent practice in jurisdictions, for example, in some jurisdictions, computer readable media does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals as is required by legislation and patent practice.
It should be noted that the above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, where the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. In addition, in the drawings of the embodiment of the apparatus provided by the present invention, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, and may be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of calibrating current of a battery, comprising:
establishing a battery equivalent circuit model according to the dynamic characteristics of the battery, and establishing a battery model discrete equation of the battery equivalent circuit model;
acquiring a real current value and an open-circuit voltage of the battery, and combining the battery model discrete equation to obtain a dynamic voltage model of the battery;
performing first parameter identification on the dynamic voltage model to obtain a first dynamic voltage of the battery;
calculating a second dynamic voltage of the battery by using the measured current value of the battery according to the dynamic voltage model identified by the first parameter;
establishing a dynamic voltage error model according to the difference between the first dynamic voltage and the second dynamic voltage;
performing secondary parameter identification on the dynamic voltage error model, and outputting a parameter vector to be identified as a vector formed by current measurement deviation of the battery;
and calibrating the current measurement value of the battery according to the vector formed by the current measurement deviation.
2. The current calibration method of a battery according to claim 1, wherein the method of obtaining the open-circuit voltage comprises:
and measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery every preset time period within the working temperature range of the battery.
3. The current calibration method of a battery according to claim 1, wherein the method of obtaining the open-circuit voltage comprises:
and measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery after the capacity of the battery is reduced by preset electric quantity at a fixed temperature according to the aging state of the battery.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the dynamic voltage model are identified using a least squares method to obtain the first dynamic voltage of the battery.
5. The method for calibrating a current of a battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery equivalent circuit model includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a capacitor; the second resistor is connected with the capacitor in parallel, and the first resistor is connected with the circuit after being connected in parallel in series.
6. A current calibration device of a battery, comprising a processor, a memory and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, the processor implementing the current calibration method of a battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 when executing the computer program.
7. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising a stored computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed, controls an apparatus in which the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform a current calibration method for a battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN115510648B (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-12-19 | 上海玫克生储能科技有限公司 | Lithium battery cell actual capacity and cell health degree identification method and system |
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