CN112816378B - Real-time online measurement method for obtaining aerosol concentration based on turbidimeter - Google Patents
Real-time online measurement method for obtaining aerosol concentration based on turbidimeter Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004879 turbidimetry Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005541 medical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001089 thermophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
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Abstract
A real-time online measurement method for obtaining aerosol concentration based on a turbidimeter is characterized in that aerosol with high temperature and high water vapor fraction is sampled and introduced into a condensation tank, and is fully washed and cooled by cold water in the tank to form turbid solid-liquid suspension, and the mass concentration of particles in the aerosol is indirectly obtained by measuring the turbidimetric value of the solid-liquid suspension, the total volume of cold water in the condensation tank, sampling time, the non-condensed air flow in aerosol carrier gas and the water vapor fraction in real time, wherein: obtaining the sampling mass flow rate of the aerosol according to the measurement value of the turbidimeter, namely the corresponding relation between the turbidity value and the concentration of the solid-liquid suspension, the total volume of cold water in the condensing tank and the sampling time; and obtaining the sampling flow of the aerosol according to the flow of the non-condensed air and the water vapor fraction in the aerosol carrier gas, and obtaining the mass concentration of the aerosol to be detected according to the ratio of the sampling mass flow rate to the sampling flow. The method is suitable for real-time measurement of the concentration of submicron aerosol particles under the conditions of the pressure of 0-5.0 barg, the temperature of 25-180 ℃ and the carrier gas with the water vapor content of 0-90%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of aerosol measurement, in particular to a real-time online measurement method for obtaining aerosol concentration under the conditions of pressure of 0-5.0 barg, temperature of 25-180 ℃ and water vapor share of 0-90% based on a turbidimeter.
Background
Aerosol refers to a gaseous dispersion system composed of solid (liquid) particles suspended in a gaseous medium, and has wide applications in the fields of environmental science, disease transmission, chemical engineering, nuclear reaction engineering and the like. Currently, there are two general methods for measuring aerosol concentration: collection analysis methods (e.g., filter membrane collection method, fractional sampling method) and direct-reading sensor methods (e.g., laser particle counter, vibration mass monitor). Compared with the former, the latter has a complex measurement principle and can obtain information such as particle size distribution, concentration and the like of aerosol particles in real time. However, due to the limitation of the working environment of the sensor element of the device, the device is difficult to be applied to the on-line measurement of the submicron aerosol particle concentration under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high water vapor content. Aerosols of the above type are a major concern in severe accidents in nuclear power plants, and efficient and reliable measurement of their concentration is an essential basis for relevant research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a real-time online measurement method for obtaining aerosol concentration based on a turbidimeter, aiming at the problem that the existing online measurement technology cannot realize real-time measurement of aerosol concentration under the carrier gas conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high water vapor content, and the method can be suitable for real-time measurement of submicron aerosol particle concentration under the carrier gas conditions of pressure of 0-5.0 barg, temperature of 25-180 ℃ and water vapor content of 0-90%.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention introduces the sampled aerosol with high temperature and high water vapor fraction into a condensation tank, forms turbid solid-liquid suspension after being fully washed and cooled by cold water in the tank, and indirectly obtains the mass concentration of particles in the aerosol by measuring the turbidity value of the solid-liquid suspension, the total volume of cold water in the condensation tank, sampling time, the non-condensed air flow in aerosol carrier gas and the water vapor fraction in real time, wherein: obtaining the sampling mass flow rate of the aerosol according to the measurement value of the turbidimeter, namely the corresponding relation between the turbidity value and the concentration of the solid-liquid suspension, the total volume of cold water in the condensing tank and the sampling time; and obtaining the sampling flow rate of the aerosol according to the non-condensation air flow rate and the water vapor fraction in the aerosol carrier gas. And finally, obtaining the mass concentration of the aerosol to be measured according to the ratio of the sampling mass flow rate to the sampling flow rate.
Technical effects
The method realizes the real-time online measurement of the mass concentration of the aerosol under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high water vapor share carrier gas, and fills the blank of the real-time measurement of the aerosol concentration in the harsh environment.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the sampled aerosol is dispersed in the aqueous solution, and then the turbidity of the aqueous solution is measured in real time, so that the real-time online measurement of the aerosol concentration can be completed, and the method is simple and easy to operate; the stainless steel condensing tank and the internal condensing pipe are designed to be suitable for aerosol conditions with high temperature, high pressure and high water vapor content.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a measurement circuit of the present invention;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic structural views of a sample line dispense port;
in the figure: the device comprises a pipeline 1, an oxygen concentration sensor 2, a sampling port 3, a ball valve 4, a sampling pipe outer wall heater 5, a heat preservation layer 6, a condensation tank 7, cold water 8, a turbidity sensor 9, a heat exchange pipe 10, a pollution discharge plug 11, a drying agent 12, a thermal flowmeter 13, an adjusting valve 14 and a dispersion port 15.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a real-time online measurement device for obtaining aerosol concentration based on a turbidimeter, and specifically relates to a condensation tank 7 with a turbidity sensor 9, wherein the condensation tank 7 obtains a sample of aerosol to be measured through a sampling port 3 arranged in a pipeline 1, and the sample is dispersed into a plurality of fine bubbles through a dispersion port 15 and dispersed in cold water 8 pre-contained in the tank, and a heat exchange tube 10 realizes circulating cooling of the cold water 8 in the tank.
The maximum working pressure of the turbidity sensor 9 is 5.0barg, and the turbidity sensor is based on an infrared scattering turbidimetry method, and the corresponding relation between the turbidity value NTU and the mass concentration of the solid-liquid suspension to be detected is calibrated before use.
The circulation cooling is preferably realized through a heat exchange tube 10 arranged in the condensation tank 7, and the heat exchange tube is used for taking away heat transferred to cold water 8 by sampling aerosol, so that the water temperature is prevented from exceeding 50 ℃, and overheating damage to the turbidimeter is avoided.
An oxygen concentration sensor 2 is arranged in the pipeline 1, the oxygen concentration sensor 2 is preferably arranged in parallel with the sampling port 3, and the oxygen content in the measured gas is obtained based on the fact that the logarithm of the ratio of the oxygen concentration in the measured gas to the oxygen concentration in the reference gas is in direct proportion to the electromotive force between the two polar plates, so that the volume fraction of non-condensable air in the aerosol carrier gas is obtained.
The dispersing opening 15 is provided with a fine steel wire mesh with the distance of 0.5mm multiplied by 0.5mm, as shown in figure 2. The structure fully disperses the sampled aerosol, increases the contact area of the sampled aerosol and cold water 8 in the tank, and realizes quick cooling of the sampled aerosol and full water washing removal of particles.
And a heater 5 on the outer wall of the sampling pipe and a heat preservation layer 6 are arranged between the sampling port 3 and the condensing tank 7, so that constant-temperature sampling is ensured, and serious steam condensation and particle thermophoresis deposition are prevented.
A ball valve 4 is arranged between the sampling port 3 and the condensing tank 7 so as to control sampling.
An air outlet pipeline for discharging waste gas is arranged on the condensing tank 7, and a drying agent 12, a thermal flowmeter 13 and an adjusting valve 14 are sequentially arranged on the air outlet pipeline.
The embodiment relates to an online detection method of the device, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the outer wall electric heater 5 is turned on to prevent the high temperature aerosol from prematurely condensing on the sampling line; the heat exchange tube 10 is introduced with low-temperature cooling water to lead out the heat in the condensation tank 7.
Step two: the ball valve 4 is opened, the valve 14 is adjusted, the flow of the air part in the aerosol carrier gas is measured by the thermal flowmeter 13, the sampling flow of the sampling port 3 is calculated according to the oxygen concentration sensor, and the suction flow rate on the section of the sampling port 3 is required to be equal to the gas flow rate in the pipeline 1 as much as possible, namely, the sampling mode is constant speed, so as to reduce the particle suction loss of the sampling port 3.
Step three: and starting the turbidity sensor 9, measuring the turbidity value in the cold water 8 in real time, and obtaining the change condition of the aerosol particle concentration in the cold water 8 along with time according to the calibrated turbidity value of the turbidity sensor 9 and the water solution particle concentration corresponding relation.
Step four: calculating aerosol particle concentration
Wherein: cwThe particle concentration (mg/L) of the water solution in the condensation tank, V is the volume (L) of cold water filled in the condensation tank in advance, delta t is the measurement time (min), Q is the volume flow (L/min) of non-condensable gas (air) in aerosol carrier gas, and zeta is the volume share (—) of the air in the carrier gas.
At present, measurement of aerosol concentration at high temperature, high pressure and high water vapor fraction basically adopts a filter membrane collection and weighing method, and the aerosol mass concentration is calculated by weighing the total mass of solid particles in a sample aerosol and the sampling flow rate within a period of time. However, the collection weighing method is inconvenient to operate and cannot perform real-time measurement. The invention disperses the sampled aerosol particles into the water solution, fully cools the particles, obtains the mass flow rate and the sampled flow rate of the particles through the online measurement of a turbidimeter, a thermal flowmeter and an oxygen concentration sensor, and finally obtains the mass concentration of the aerosol in real time.
Through specific practical experiments, the aerosol mass concentration is measured in a constant-speed sampling mode (the sampling port 3 is equal to the flow velocity in the pipeline 1) under the carrier gas environment conditions of the pressure of 0-5.0 barg, the temperature of 25-180 ℃ and the water vapor share of 0-90 percent, and the data obtained by the experiments are as follows: measuring time, the volume flow and the volume fraction of non-condensable gas (air) in the sampling aerosol, and the particle concentration of the solid-liquid suspension in the tank, and obtaining the mass concentration of the sampling aerosol according to a calculation formula in the fourth step.
Compared with the prior art, the method can solve the problem of the aerosol concentration measurement technology under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high water vapor fraction, and provides a feasible measurement means for the development of relevant experimental researches.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (8)
1. A real-time online measurement method for obtaining aerosol concentration based on a turbidimeter is characterized in that high-temperature high-water-vapor-fraction aerosol sampled is introduced into a condensation tank, and is fully washed and cooled by cold water in the tank to form turbid solid-liquid suspension, and mass concentration of particles in the aerosol is indirectly obtained by measuring the turbidity value of the solid-liquid suspension, the total volume of cold water in the condensation tank, sampling time, non-condensation air flow and water vapor fraction in aerosol carrier gas in real time, wherein: obtaining the sampling mass flow rate of the aerosol according to the measurement value of the turbidimeter, namely the corresponding relation between the turbidity value and the concentration of the solid-liquid suspension, the total volume of cold water in the condensing tank and the sampling time; obtaining the sampling flow of the aerosol according to the non-condensation air flow and the water vapor fraction in the aerosol carrier gas, and finally obtaining the mass concentration of the aerosol to be detected according to the ratio of the sampling mass flow rate to the sampling flow, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: turning on an outer wall electric heater to prevent premature condensation of the high temperature aerosol on the sampling line; low-temperature cooling water is introduced into the heat exchange tube to lead out heat in the condensing tank;
step two: opening a ball valve, adjusting a valve, measuring the flow of an air part in aerosol carrier gas through a thermal flowmeter, calculating the sampling flow of a sampling port according to an oxygen concentration sensor, and requiring that the suction flow rate on the section of the sampling port is equal to the gas flow rate in a pipeline as far as possible, namely, a constant-speed sampling mode, so as to reduce the particle suction loss of the sampling port;
step three: starting a turbidity sensor, measuring a turbidity value in the cold water in real time, and obtaining the change condition of the concentration of aerosol particles in the cold water along with time according to the calibrated turbidity value of the turbidity sensor and the corresponding relation of the concentration of the particles in the water solution;
step four: calculating aerosol particle concentration
Wherein: cwThe particle concentration (mg/L) of the water solution in the condensation tank, V is the volume (L) of cold water pre-filled in the condensation tank, delta t is the measurement time (min), Q is the volume flow rate (L/min) of air in the aerosol carrier gas, and zeta is the volume share (—) of the air in the carrier gas.
2. A real-time on-line turbidimeter based aerosol concentration measurement device for carrying out the method of claim 1, comprising: the system comprises a condensing tank with a turbidity sensor, wherein the condensing tank obtains a sample of aerosol to be detected through a sampling port arranged in a pipeline, the sample is dispersed into a plurality of fine bubbles through a dispersion port and is dispersed in cold water pre-contained in the tank, and a heat exchange tube realizes circulating cooling on the cold water in the tank;
the pipeline is internally provided with an oxygen concentration sensor which is arranged in parallel with the sampling port, and the oxygen content in the measured gas is obtained based on the fact that the logarithm of the ratio of the oxygen concentration in the measured gas to the oxygen concentration in the reference gas is in direct proportion to the electromotive force between two polar plates, so that the volume share of the non-condensable air in the aerosol carrier gas is obtained.
3. The real-time on-line measuring device of claim 2, wherein the maximum working pressure of the turbidity sensor is 5.0barg, which is based on the infrared scattering turbidimetry, and the corresponding relation between the turbidity value NTU and the mass concentration of the solid-liquid suspension to be measured is calibrated before use.
4. The real-time on-line measuring device of claim 2, wherein the circulation cooling is realized by a heat exchange tube arranged in the condensing tank, the heat exchange tube is used for taking away heat transferred to cold water by the sampling aerosol, and the water temperature is prevented from exceeding 50 ℃ to cause overheating damage to the turbidimeter.
5. The real-time on-line measuring device of claim 2, wherein the dispersing opening is provided with a fine steel wire mesh with a distance of 0.5mm x 0.5mm, and the structure fully disperses the sampled aerosol and increases the contact area of the sampled aerosol and cold water in the tank so as to realize rapid cooling of the sampled aerosol and full washing removal of particles.
6. The real-time on-line measuring device of claim 2, wherein a heater and a thermal insulation layer are arranged between the sampling port and the condensation tank to ensure constant temperature sampling so as to prevent serious steam condensation and particle thermophoretic deposition.
7. The real-time on-line measuring device of claim 2, wherein a ball valve is provided between the sampling port and the condensing tank to control sampling.
8. The real-time on-line measuring device of claim 2, wherein the condensing tank is provided with an outlet pipeline for discharging the exhaust gas, and the outlet pipeline is provided with a drying agent, a thermal flowmeter and a regulating valve in sequence.
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Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100865712B1 (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2008-10-28 | 안강호 | System and method for measuring particles |
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Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1932476A (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2007-03-21 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Sand devil sand dust airosol density real-time monitoring instrument |
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