CN112816322A - Wood transverse grain tensile strength detection device and field test method - Google Patents
Wood transverse grain tensile strength detection device and field test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for detecting the tensile strength of wood cross grains, wherein the device for detecting the tensile strength of the wood cross grains comprises a frame body (20), a connecting device (30) and a force application device (40); the frame body (20) is arranged on the wood component (10) to be tested, the connecting device (30) is arranged below the frame body (20), one end of the connecting device (30) is connected with the wood component (10) to be tested, and the other end of the connecting device is connected with the force application device (40); the connecting device (30) comprises a force sensor (31). Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of capability of rapidly obtaining test results on site, less damage to the stress performance of the wood member and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wood strength detection, in particular to a device and a method for detecting tensile strength of wood cross grains on site.
Background
Wood structures have a long history and are widely used around the world. However, the wood structure building is easy to damage in the service period, the mechanical property discreteness of the wood is large, and the safety condition of the wood structure building is difficult to know in detection and evaluation. The tensile strength of wood grain is one of the important parameters for evaluating the safety of wood structure. The traditional detection method needs a small sample material property test of a clear sample of wood to obtain the transverse grain tensile strength of the wood, but the structure is greatly damaged when the safety performance of the existing wood structure is evaluated, and the time is long. Therefore, technical measures are needed to develop a rapid and convenient field test method for the tensile strength of the wood transverse striations with little damage or no damage.
S1, preparing a sampling drill bit and a steel backing plate, wherein the steel backing plate is provided with a guide hole, and the sampling drill bit is arranged on an electric drill; s2, placing the steel backing plate on the surface of the wood, and fixedly connecting the steel backing plate with the wood; s3, sequentially and at intervals along the vertical grain direction of the wood, penetrating through the guide hole by the sampling drill and then turning into the wood to obtain a plurality of core samples; s4, weighing the core sample to obtain the density of the wood; s5, obtaining the experiment parameters of the core sample, establishing a regression equation and determining the wood strength. The method can eliminate the carbonization of the traditional drill to the wood, thereby effectively reducing the damage to the core sample and the wood in the drilling process and ensuring that the prediction result of the wood strength has higher precision. However, this detection method requires measurement and calculation of the wood properties in a laboratory after sampling in the field, which takes a long time.
The invention patent CN110646510A discloses a nondestructive testing test bed and method for a wooden component by a knocking method, comprising a frame, a knocking device, a wooden component fixing device and a signal acquisition device; the frame is used for supporting and fixing the knocking device, the wood component fixing device and the signal acquisition device; the knocking device is used for realizing automatic knocking in the test process; the wood member fixing device is used for clamping and fixing test objects with different sizes; the signal acquisition device realizes synchronous acquisition of two signals in a test; the device avoids excessive dependence on the feeling and experience of testers in the knocking process, carries out automatic knocking detection on the wood member, saves the test time, can synchronously acquire mechanical and macroscopic acoustic signals to carry out more reliable data processing and analysis, provides a reliable data acquisition mode for the mechanism research of knocking method nondestructive detection, and provides theoretical support for the research and development of an intelligent knocking device. However, the test bench involved in the method is too large, which is not favorable for in-situ detection of the structure on site.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a device and a method for detecting the tensile strength of wood transverse striations, which have the advantages of capability of quickly obtaining a test result on site, small damage to the stress performance of a wood member and the like.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a wood cross grain tensile strength detection device comprises a frame body, a connecting device and a force application device; the frame body is arranged on the wood component to be tested, the connecting device is arranged below the frame body, one end of the connecting device is connected with the wood component to be tested, and the other end of the connecting device is connected with the force application device; the connecting device comprises a force sensor. The force application device can slowly apply tension and can be connected with the force sensor to read the load, the precision of the force sensor is not lower than 5N, and the maximum range is 500N-1000N. The loading speed of the force application device can reach 2.5 mm/min.
Furthermore, the force application device is fixed at the center position above the frame body, and the bottom of the force application device is connected with a connecting device. The force application device is arranged at the center above the frame body, so that the whole stress balance of the frame body can be ensured, and the device cannot be inclined unnecessarily due to eccentric stress.
The connecting device further comprises a universal hinge, a clamping device and a steel-wood connecting component which are sequentially arranged, one end of the force sensor is connected with the universal hinge, the other end of the force sensor is connected with the force application device, one end of the steel-wood connecting component is connected with the clamping device, and the other end of the steel-wood connecting component is connected with the wood component. The bottom of the steel-wood connecting component is provided with the disc, so that the connecting area and the stability of the steel-wood connecting component and the wood component can be improved. The universal hinge can ensure that the steel-wood connecting component can still be connected with the wood component to be tested when the central axis of the force application device is not aligned with the center of the drill hole due to manual error or field condition limitation, so that the test can be rapidly and effectively carried out. The clamping device and the steel-wood connecting component have the advantages that: after drilling is completed, the steel-wood connecting component can be bonded with wood in the center of the annular groove through epoxy resin, the frame body can be installed in the time of waiting for curing of the epoxy resin after standing, and then the steel-wood connecting component is connected through the clamping device. Simply, the arrangement of the clamping device and the steel-wood connecting component can enable different processes to be carried out simultaneously under the condition of demand, and the testing speed is accelerated.
Further, the steel-wood connecting component is connected with the wood component through epoxy resin. The epoxy resin has the advantages of strong binding power, high mechanical strength, high speed of reaching the expected strength, no influence on the wood property due to the fact that the epoxy resin does not invade wood, and the like. The bonding strength of the epoxy resin needs to be greater than the tensile strength of the wood transverse striation, the epoxy resin cannot be too thin or too thick, the too thin epoxy resin can cause bonding failure, the too thick epoxy resin cannot influence the detection result, but the time for standing and waiting for curing of the epoxy resin is increased, and the test efficiency is influenced. The epoxy thickness should be as uniform as possible at each test.
The support body include the support of parallel and symmetry setting, fix the first square steel pipe on the support of left and right sides respectively and the symmetry is fixed the second square steel pipe on the first square steel pipe of left and right sides.
Furthermore, the number of the supports is four, the supports are vertically arranged on the wood member, the number of the first square steel tubes is two, the first square steel tubes are respectively and horizontally connected with the two adjacent supports on the left side and the right side, the number of the second square steel tubes is two, and the second square steel tubes are horizontally connected with the two first square steel tubes on the left side and the right side.
Furthermore, the first square steel tube is fixed to the top of the support, the second square steel tube is fixed to the top of the first square steel tube, and the force application device is horizontally fixed between the two second square steel tubes.
The structural design key points of the frame body are that the stress direction of the whole frame body is consistent with the force application direction of the force application device, and the structure is guaranteed to have strong strength and rigidity in the direction, so that the influence on the test result possibly existing is avoided.
The bottom of the outer side of the bracket is fixed with angle steel, and the bracket is fixed on the surface of the wood component through self-tapping screws penetrating through the angle steel. The angle steel can improve joint strength and stability of the bracket on the wood member, the self-tapping screw penetrating through the angle steel is small, the type can adopt a cross groove or a slotted self-tapping screw C type, the diameter of the screw is smaller than 3mm, the length of the screw is smaller than 8mm, and great influence on the structure of the wood member is avoided.
The field test method for the tensile strength of the wood cross grain uses the detection device for the tensile strength of the wood cross grain, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: drilling an annular groove near a neutral axis on the surface of the wood member by an electric drill provided with a hollow drill bit;
the second step is that: fixing the frame body on the surface of the wood member so that the center of the frame body is aligned with the center of the annular groove;
the third step: bonding the connecting device and the wood in the center of the annular groove together through epoxy resin, and standing to cure the epoxy resin;
the fourth step: applying a pulling force by a force application device to pull out the wood at the center of the annular groove;
the fifth step: and reading the maximum load in the drawing process, and converting the maximum load into the transverse striation tensile strength of the wood.
The hollow drill bit used in the first step is a common woodworking hollow drill bit on the market, the drilling depth can exceed 20mm, and the electric drill is a common portable drilling machine on the market and can drill holes perpendicular to the surface on the horizontal surface.
Further, the drilling speed of the electric drill in the first step is within 90 r/min;
the third step of the epoxy resin bonding process is as follows: inserting a circular tube-shaped die into the annular groove, then adding a proper amount of epoxy resin into the die, inserting the circular disc end of the steel-wood connecting member into the die, contacting the circular disc end with the epoxy resin, and finally standing to cure the epoxy resin;
the fifth step is that the calculation method of the transverse grain tensile strength of the wood comprises the following steps:
wherein sigma is the tensile strength of wood transverse striation and the unit is MPa; fmaxThe maximum load in the drawing process is N; a is the contact area in mm2(ii) a r is the wood radius in mm at the center of the annular groove.
The drilling speed of the electric drill is not too high, so that wood carbonization and strength reduction are avoided. The wood member comprises but not limited to a wood beam, a wood column and the like, and the position of the drilled hole considers the vicinity of the central axis of the surface of the wood member as much as possible, so that the bending resistance of the wood member is prevented from being influenced by the drilled hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, through the structural design of the wood cross grain tensile strength detection device, the frame body is used as a connecting support member, the force application device is used as a force application member, the connecting device is used as a detection member, and the detection device can quickly obtain a relatively accurate test result on site through the matching of the members;
2. the field test method is simple, only the annular groove needs to be drilled on the wood component to be tested, and the detection device is fixed on the wood component, so that the test is more convenient and faster;
3. according to the invention, the annular groove is drilled near the neutral axis on the surface of the wood member, the drilling speed of the electric drill is controlled, the influence of drilling on the bending resistance, wood carbonization, strength reduction and the like of the wood member is avoided, and the stress performance of the wood member is less damaged;
4. according to the invention, through the design of the frame body structure and the arrangement of the bottom angle steel outside the bracket, the overall structure of the detection device is more stable, and the accuracy and precision of the test are conveniently improved;
5. according to the invention, through the arrangement of the universal hinge, the clamping device, the steel-wood connecting component and the epoxy resin, the wood transverse grain tensile strength detection device is matched with a field test method, and can adapt to various engineering actual conditions;
6. the detection device is simple in structure, convenient to carry, disassemble and assemble and convenient to popularize in engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the field test state of the device for detecting tensile strength of wood cross grain of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the frame body;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the frame body;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the frame body;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the connecting device;
in the figure: 10-wood member, 20-frame body, 21-support, 22-angle steel, 23-first square steel pipe, 24-second square steel pipe, 30-connecting device, 31-force sensor, 32-universal hinge, 33-clamping device, 34-steel wood connecting member, 40-force application device and 50-epoxy resin.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation processes are given, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A device for detecting tensile strength of wood cross striations is shown in figure 1 and comprises a frame body 20, a connecting device 30 and a force application device 40, wherein the frame body 20 is fixed on a wood component 10 to be detected through angle steel 22 arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the frame body. The force application device 40 is fixed at the center position above the frame body 20, the connection device 30 is connected to the bottom of the force application device 40, and the wood member 10 is connected to the bottom of the connection device 30 through the epoxy resin 50.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the frame body 20 includes four parallel and symmetrical brackets 21, the brackets 21 are vertically fixed on the wooden member 10, two first square steel pipes 23 are respectively horizontally fixed on the tops of the two brackets 21 on the left and right sides, and two second square steel pipes 24 are horizontally fixed on the tops of the two first square steel pipes 23 on the left and right sides. An angle steel 22 is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of each support 21, and a cross-slot or slotted C-shaped self-tapping screw penetrates through the angle steel 22 to fix the supports 21 on the wood member 10.
As shown in fig. 5, the connecting device 30 includes a force sensor 31, a universal hinge 32, a clamping device 33 and a steel-wood connecting member 34 which are connected in sequence, the force sensor 31 is an S-shaped tension sensor, the accuracy is 5N, the maximum measuring range is 500N-1000N, and an S-shaped tension and pressure sensor U10A of shanghai jizhi sensor ltd can be selected, wherein the maximum measuring ranges of the models U10A-50kg and U10A-100kg are 500N and 1000N, and the accuracies are 0.25N and 0.5N respectively, which meets the requirements. The top of the force sensor 31 is connected with a force application device 40, the bottom of the force sensor is connected with a universal hinge 32, and the universal hinge 32 can ensure that when the central axis of the force application device is not aligned with the center of the drilled hole due to manual error or field condition limitation, the steel-wood connecting component can still be connected with the wood component to be tested, so that the test can be rapidly and effectively carried out. The bottom of the universal hinge 32 is connected with the clamping device 33, the clamping device 33 is connected with the steel-wood connecting component 34, and the clamping device 33 and the steel-wood connecting component 34 can enable different procedures to be carried out simultaneously under the condition of demand, so that the testing speed is increased. The steel-wood connecting member 34 is provided with a circular disc at the bottom, which can be bonded with the epoxy resin 50 and connected with the wood frame 10 through the epoxy resin 50. The loading speed of the force application device 40 can reach 2.5mm/min, and the maximum tension can reach more than 3000N.
A field test method for tensile strength of wood transverse striations specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: drilling an annular groove near a neutral axis on the surface of the wood member 10 by using an electric drill provided with a hollow drill bit, wherein the inner diameter of the hollow drill bit is 10mm, the outer diameter of the hollow drill bit is 12mm, namely the wall thickness is 2mm, the drilling speed of the electric drill is 80-90 r/min, the inner diameter depth of the drilled annular groove is 8-16 mm, and the wood radius of the center of the annular groove is 5 mm;
the second step is that: fixing the shelf body 20 to the surface of the wood member 10 such that the center of the shelf body 20 is aligned with the center of the annular groove;
the third step: bonding the connecting device 30 and the wood at the center of the annular groove together through epoxy resin 50, inserting a circular tube-shaped mould with the inner diameter of 10mm and the outer diameter of 12mm, namely the wall thickness of 2mm, into the annular groove, pouring a proper amount of epoxy resin 50 into the mould, inserting the disc end of the steel-wood connecting member 34 into the mould, contacting with the epoxy resin, and finally standing for about 5min to solidify the epoxy resin;
the fourth step: slowly applying a pulling force through the force application device 40 to pull out the wood at the center of the annular groove;
the fifth step: reading the maximum load in the drawing process, and converting the maximum load into the transverse grain tensile strength of the wood, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein sigma is the tensile strength of wood transverse striation and the unit is MPa; fmaxThe maximum load in the drawing process is in the unit of N; a is the contact area in mm2(ii) a r is the wood radius at the center of the annular groove, i.e. 5 mm.
The testing method can rapidly test the cross grain tensile strength of the wood member on site through the portable detection device. The testing method belongs to mechanical tests, and has higher precision and easy operability compared with other nondestructive or micro-damage testing methods (such as a stress wave testing method, an ultrasonic testing method and the like). Compared with the national standard ' test method for tensile strength of wood cross grain ' (GB/T14017-92) ', the test piece cross grain tensile cross section of the test method has different shapes and sizes, and the test results may be inconsistent, but the linear relation between the result of the test method and the national standard test result can be calibrated by pre-research, so that more intuitive data can be provided for users of the invention. It is emphasized that the test method of the present invention is a field micro-damage test, which is suitable for buildings that can be subjected to low-damage detection, such as wood members in historic protection buildings. The overall size of a test piece required by the national standard ' tensile strength test method for wood cross grain ' (GB/T14017-92) ' is too large, and the standard test piece scheme is difficult to sample and detect during existing building detection.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for detecting the tensile strength of wood cross striations is characterized by comprising a frame body (20), a connecting device (30) and a force application device (40); the frame body (20) is arranged on the wood component (10) to be tested, the connecting device (30) is arranged below the frame body (20), one end of the connecting device (30) is connected with the wood component (10) to be tested, and the other end of the connecting device is connected with the force application device (40); the connecting device (30) comprises a force sensor (31).
2. The wood wale tensile strength detecting device according to claim 1, wherein said force applying means (40) is fixed at a central position above the frame body (20), and a connecting means (30) is connected to the bottom of the force applying means (40).
3. The wood cross grain tensile strength detection device according to claim 1, wherein the connecting device (30) further comprises a universal hinge (32), a clamping device (33) and a steel-wood connecting member (34) which are sequentially arranged, one end of the force sensor (31) is connected with the universal hinge (32), the other end of the force sensor is connected with the force application device (40), one end of the steel-wood connecting member (34) is connected with the clamping device (33), and the other end of the steel-wood connecting member is connected with the wood member (10).
4. The wood wale tensile strength detecting device according to claim 3, wherein said steel-wood connecting member (34) is connected with the wood member (10) by epoxy resin (50).
5. The wood cross grain tensile strength detection device according to claim 1, wherein the frame body (20) comprises brackets (21) which are arranged in parallel and symmetrically, first square steel tubes (23) which are respectively fixed on the brackets (21) at the left side and the right side, and second square steel tubes (24) which are symmetrically fixed on the first square steel tubes (23) at the left side and the right side.
6. The wood cross grain tensile strength detection device according to claim 5, wherein four supports (21) are vertically arranged on the wood member (10), two first square steel tubes (23) are respectively and horizontally connected with two adjacent supports (21) on the left side and the right side, two second square steel tubes (24) are respectively and horizontally connected with two first square steel tubes (23) on the left side and the right side.
7. The wood wale tensile strength detecting device according to claim 6, wherein said first square steel tube (23) is fixed on top of said support (21), said second square steel tube (24) is fixed on top of said first square steel tube (23), and said force applying device (40) is horizontally fixed between two second square steel tubes (24).
8. The wood wale tensile strength detecting device according to claim 5, wherein an angle steel (22) is fixed to the outer side bottom of the bracket (21), and the bracket (21) is fixed to the surface of the wood member (10) by a self-tapping screw passing through the angle steel (22).
9. An on-site test method for tensile strength of wood cross striations, which is characterized in that the device for detecting tensile strength of wood cross striations as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, and comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: drilling an annular groove near a neutral axis on the surface of the wood member (10) by an electric drill provided with a hollow drill bit;
the second step is that: fixing the shelf body (20) on the surface of the wood member (10) so that the center of the shelf body (20) is aligned with the center of the annular groove;
the third step: bonding the connecting device (30) and the wood in the center of the annular groove together through epoxy resin (50), and standing to cure the epoxy resin (50);
the fourth step: applying a pulling force by a force application device (40) to pull out the wood at the center of the annular groove;
the fifth step: and reading the maximum load in the drawing process, and converting the maximum load into the transverse striation tensile strength of the wood.
10. The field test method for the tensile strength of the wood wales according to claim 9, wherein the drilling speed of the electric drill in the first step is within 90 r/min;
the third step is that the bonding process of the epoxy resin (50) is as follows: inserting a round pipe-shaped die into the annular groove, then adding a proper amount of epoxy resin into the die, inserting the disc end of the steel-wood connecting member (34) into the die, contacting with the epoxy resin (50), and finally standing to cure the epoxy resin (50);
the fifth step is that the calculation method of the transverse grain tensile strength of the wood comprises the following steps:
wherein sigma is the tensile strength of wood transverse striation and the unit is MPa; fmaxThe maximum load in the drawing process is N; a is the contact area in mm2(ii) a r is the wood radius in mm at the center of the annular groove.
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| CN202011589151.7A CN112816322A (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2020-12-28 | Wood transverse grain tensile strength detection device and field test method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117309213A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2023-12-29 | 上海建工集团股份有限公司 | Nondestructive testing equipment and method for wood structure |
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