CN112814741A - Roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device and method - Google Patents
Roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims description 19
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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Abstract
The invention provides a roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device and method, which are suitable for underground engineering. Including inflation rubber gasbag and fixed plate, the front end of inflation rubber gasbag is the cambered surface, the tail end is equipped with air inlet valve and air discharge valve, the interval is equipped with the multiunit on the inflation rubber gasbag middle section and supports stop device, inflation rubber gasbag tail end department cover has directional sleeve, the first contained angle is equipped with four directional rulers on the directional sleeve lateral wall, directional sleeve front end cover has the protective case that is used for fixing in the drilling, protective case's tail end is equipped with the protective case chassis, every group supports stop device and is a rigid support ring, be equipped with two spacing claws that the direction is the same around the rigid support ring respectively, every spacing claw all extends drilling through a thin wire rope and is connected with the taut spacing claw of gravity suspension through gravity. The device has the advantages of simple structure, multiple purposes of one hole, convenient operation and accurate test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a testing device and a testing method, in particular to a roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device and a method which are suitable for underground engineering such as mine roadways and tunnels, and belongs to the field of monitoring of surrounding rock deformation of underground engineering such as roadways and tunnels.
Background
With the increasing mining depth of coal mines, metal and nonferrous metals, the large-scale construction of tunnel projects such as highways, railways, water conservancy and hydropower, and the like, particularly, the influence of high ground stress, high temperature, high osmotic pressure and mining disturbance on a tunnel after deep mining is more and more severe, and in order to prevent disasters such as roof collapse, rock burst and the like, reasonable evaluation on the safety and stability of surrounding rocks of the tunnel is urgently needed. The displacement, stress and fracture state of the surrounding rock are usually evaluated by various methods during the drilling of the surrounding rock, because of various monitoring projects, one drilling hole often cannot meet the monitoring requirements on various deformation factors of the surrounding rock at the same time, and in order to ensure the synchronism of various monitoring data, a plurality of drilling holes are arranged near one drilling hole as much as possible to monitor the stable state of the surrounding rock, the construction of adjacent drilling holes also has certain influence on the monitoring effect, and the workload of field operation is increased.
At present, the working efficiency can be improved by adopting a one-hole multi-purpose monitoring method, and most of the one-hole multi-purpose ideas are that the measuring sequence is arranged according to the measured parameters, for example, the cracking state of the surrounding rock is usually detected by a drilling peeping instrument, but the drilling peeping instrument generally has higher requirements on the construction quality of the drilled hole when detecting the cracking-cracking condition of the surrounding rock, and is easily influenced by the high-temperature and high-humidity environment on site, so that the drilling peeping image is blurred or even the monitoring is interrupted; then, a rock drilling elastic modulus instrument, a strength instrument and the like are adopted to respectively measure the elastic modulus and the compressive strength of the surrounding rock, and the rock drilling elastic modulus instrument, the strength instrument and the like can cause artificial damage to the drilled hole and cause larger errors of subsequent related test results; then, surrounding rock stress is tested by adopting methods such as hydraulic fracturing and stress relief, and the like, so that the surrounding rock stress testing methods such as hydraulic fracturing and stress relief can aggravate the fracture and even the damage of the surrounding rock, and the drill hole is damaged and difficult to reuse; and finally, monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock by adopting the multipoint displacement meter, but plugging the drilled hole by the multipoint displacement meter, so that the drilled hole cannot be reused, and the error of a subsequent related test result is large. Although the purpose of one hole for multiple purposes is achieved, the currently adopted monitoring method for multiple purposes can not perform subsequent measurement after all data measurement is completed, and relatively large measurement errors are caused by related influences among all working procedures, the method still needs to perform continuous monitoring on surrounding rock influenced by mining by re-drilling near a drill hole, the accuracy of surrounding rock deformation monitoring is greatly influenced, and the safety evaluation on the stability of the surrounding rock is difficult to effectively perform.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to overcome the defect that continuous monitoring of multiple characteristic factors cannot be realized by one drilling hole at present, and provides the roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device and method which are simple in structure, convenient to operate, accurate in testing, easy to popularize and not easy to be influenced by the field environment and have multiple purposes by one hole.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device comprises an expansion rubber air bag and a fixing plate, wherein the expansion rubber air bag is of a columnar structure, the front end of the expansion rubber air bag is an arc surface, the tail end of the expansion rubber air bag is provided with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, and the expansion rubber air bag only increases the radial size but not the length size in the blowing expansion process;
the middle section of the expanded rubber air bag is provided with a plurality of groups of supporting and limiting devices at intervals, the tail end head of the expanded rubber air bag is sleeved with a directional sleeve, four directional rulers are arranged on the side wall of the directional sleeve at equal included angles, the front end of the directional sleeve is sleeved with a protective sleeve for fixing in a drill hole, the tail end of the protective sleeve is provided with a protective sleeve chassis, and the protective sleeve chassis and a fixing plate clamp the tail end head of the expanded rubber air bag;
the fixing plate is of a disc-shaped structure, and an air inlet valve hole and an air outlet valve hole are respectively formed in the positions, matched with the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve, of the fixing plate;
the supporting and limiting device comprises a rigid supporting ring arranged on the expansion rubber air bag and limiting claws fixed on the inner wall of the drilled hole, each group of supporting and limiting devices is a rigid supporting ring, two limiting claws with the same direction are respectively arranged in front of and behind the rigid supporting ring, and each limiting claw extends out of the drilled hole through a thin steel wire rope and is connected with a gravity suspension device to tension the limiting claw through gravity; and a mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter is arranged on the rigid support ring, the mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter is connected with a stress display box arranged on the outer side of the drill hole through a stress sensing line, and the stress display box is arranged at a position 0.5-1.0 m away from the orifice and is used for monitoring the surrounding rock stress at different depths of the surrounding rock.
The side wall of the expanded rubber air bag is provided with a printing layer for copying the fracture state of the drilled surrounding rock so as to truly reflect the fracture state of the surrounding rock and the size of a fracture area.
The outer diameter of the expanded rubber air bag is about 0.3-0.6 times of the inner diameter of the drill hole, after the expanded rubber air bag is completely expanded by applying air pressure, the length of the expanded rubber air bag is unchanged, the diameter of the expanded rubber air bag is increased to 1.2-1.5 times of the inner diameter of the drill hole, so that the printed pattern layer is fully in extrusion contact with the drill hole, the surrounding rock fracture form is really copied, after the expanded rubber air bag is taken out, the fracture shape of the surface of the expanded rubber air bag is 0.3-0.6 times of the crack shape of the inner wall of the drill hole, the crack size increasing coefficient is 1.5-2.5, and.
The limiting claw comprises an annular structure used for being sleeved on the expansion rubber air bag, a plurality of pawls of barb structures are arranged on the annular structure at equal included angles, each pawl is provided with a spring, the pawls can be guaranteed not to be opened when moving forward, and can be opened and fully contacted with surrounding rocks after moving reversely, and finally the pawls are embedded into the surrounding rocks; spacing claw has 3 ~ 6 pawls, has a spring below every pawl, can guarantee that the pawl opens and fully contacts with the country rock, makes the pawl keep opening the state of embedding the country rock through the weight for spacing claw firmly fixes in predetermineeing monitoring position department, improves the measurement accuracy of country rock displacement.
The gravity suspension device comprises a fixed pulley or a pulley block and a heavy hammer, and the weight of the heavy hammer is 0.5-1.0 kg; the fixed pulley is arranged at a position which is 0.5-1.0 m away from the upper part of a drilling hole opening or 0.5-1.0 m away from the periphery of the drilling hole opening on the top plate through a pulley support, the thin steel wire ropes are wound on the fixed pulley, the front end of each thin steel wire rope is connected with a limiting claw, and the tail end of each thin steel wire rope is connected with a heavy hammer which reflects the displacement change of surrounding rock; the pulley block consists of two fixed pulleys and is arranged at a position which is 0.5-1.0 m below the orifices on two sides of the roadway, the thin steel wire ropes are wound on the pulley block, the front end of each thin steel wire rope is connected with a limiting claw, and the tail end of each thin steel wire rope is connected with a heavy hammer reflecting the displacement change of the surrounding rock; when in use, the fixed pulley or the pulley block is selected to be used according to the actual situation around each drill hole.
The fixed plate and the protective sleeve chassis are connected through bolt holes at the same position by using bolts to connect a directional sleeve between the fixed plate and the protective sleeve for annularly restraining the expansion of the expansion rubber airbag at a drilling hole and calibrating the direction; the directional sleeve is provided with a left directional ruler, a right directional ruler, an upper directional ruler and a lower directional ruler which are used for determining the fracture state and the placement position of the surrounding rock during each measurement, so that the comparison and analysis of the measurement results are facilitated.
The rigidity support ring is the loop configuration of cover on the inflation rubber gasbag, and the loop configuration outside is equipped with mechanical piezoelectric type stressometer, and the rigidity support ring external diameter is unanimous with the drilling internal diameter in addition the pressurized end thickness of mechanical piezoelectric type stressometer, and when the country rock warp, the rigidity support ring volume does not change, and the pressure of country rock is whole to be used in mechanical piezoelectric type stressometer, through the country rock stress of the different degree of depth departments of stress display box monitoring country rock. .
Protective case sets up in drilling orifice department during the use, thereby protection drilling orifice receives the disturbance to suffer to destroy because of the country rock and influence the later stage monitoring, and the protective case inner wall is equipped with 3 ~ 6 wire casings, and thin wire rope is put wherein avoiding all kinds of cotton ropes to occupy the drilling space with stress sensing line rule after in order, and the inflation rubber gasbag of being convenient for passes and not twined by various cotton ropes to avoid influencing the cracked monitoring effect of country rock.
A working method of a roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device comprises the following steps:
drilling a monitoring borehole with the diameter consistent with that of the outer wall of the rigid support ring in the surrounding rock mass, sequentially pushing the limiting claw into the position, which is 1.0-2.0 cm far from the specified depth of the borehole, of the position by using a push rod with a known length, sticking the pressure end of the mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter on the surface of the rigid support ring, sequentially pushing the rigid support ring into the position, which is specified depth of the borehole, of the position by using the push rod, numbering each limiting claw according to the pushing depth so as to be convenient for distinguishing, pulling the thin steel wire rope connected with the limiting claws outwards, wherein each limiting claw is provided with one thin steel wire rope and is only connected with one thin steel wire rope, so that the pawl is fully opened, the thin steel wire rope is firmly anchored in a surrounding rock body, the limiting claw moves outwards by about 1.0-2.0 cm and is just anchored at the specified depth of a drilled hole, the limiting claw can generate position change along with the deformation of the surrounding rock, the exposed section of the thin steel wire rope is wound on the gravity suspension device, and the thin steel wire rope is tensioned through the gravity of a heavy hammer;
when the surrounding rock deforms, the force transmitted on the limiting claws pulls the thin steel wire rope to lift the heavy hammer, the moving amount of the heavy hammer is the total deformation of the surrounding rock from the positions of the limiting claws to the drilling hole, the difference between the deformation amounts of two adjacent limiting claws is the deformation amount of the surrounding rock in the interval, and the difference between the deformation amounts of the two intervals is the deformation gradient of the surrounding rock from inside to outside;
in order to accurately analyze the displacement change rule of the surrounding rock at different depths, the distance between the limiting claws can be properly adjusted; pushing each rigid support ring into a drill hole at a distance of 0.5-1.0 m, adhering a compression end of a mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter to the surface of each rigid support ring, and fully contacting the compression end with the surrounding rock to monitor the stress state of the surrounding rock at different depths;
then, the protective sleeve is installed at the drilling hole to avoid the influence of surrounding rock deformation on the later monitoring due to the damage of the drilling hole, and the monitoring quality is prevented from being influenced due to disorder of the wire ropes by arranging the fine steel wire ropes and the stress sensing wires by using the wire grooves in the protective sleeve;
and finally, pushing the expanded rubber air bag with the directional sleeve into the drill hole by using a hardwood strip, applying 1.0-2.0 MPa of air pressure to increase the volume of the expanded rubber air bag and tightly fit the hole wall of the drill hole for 5.0-10.0 min after a fixing plate is installed, so that the printing layer clearly copies the broken shape of the surrounding rock on the hole wall of the drill hole, the broken and broken state of the surrounding rock is reflected visually, the size of a real broken area of the surrounding rock is obtained by measuring the length and the width of cracks on the surface of the expanded rubber air bag according to the ratio of the outer diameter of the expanded rubber air bag to the inner diameter of the drill hole, and the directional sleeve determines the direction of pushing the expanded rubber air bag into the drill hole.
After the drilling construction is finished, the expanded rubber air bag is firstly used for inflating and then the surrounding rock crushing state is initially tested, and during the subsequent measurement after the limiting claw is installed, the surrounding rock crushing state pattern acquired after the subsequent expanded rubber air bag is inflated is compared with the surrounding rock crushing state pattern acquired for the first time for analysis so as to improve the detection precision.
Has the advantages that: the device is used for simultaneously measuring the displacement, the stress and the surrounding rock fracture state of the surrounding rock on the premise of not damaging the fracture state of the drill hole, and has the advantages of enhancing the synchronism of rock drilling parameter measurement, improving the accuracy and the working efficiency and having great significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an integrated testing device for displacement-stress-fracture state of surrounding rocks of a roadway according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a spacing claw structure according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the protective sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the orienting sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a fixing plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of an inflated rubber bladder of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-surrounding rock, 2-drilling, 3-limiting claws, 4-pawls, 5-springs, 6-thin steel wire ropes, 7-heavy hammers, 8-fixed pulleys, 9-pulley supports, 10-pulley blocks, 11-rigid support rings, 12-mechanical piezoelectric stressometers, 13-stress sensing lines and 14-stress display boxes; 15-protective sleeve, 16-wire groove, 17-protective sleeve chassis, 18-directional sleeve, 19-directional ruler, 20-fixing plate, 21-bolt, 22-air inlet valve, 23-air outlet valve, 24-pattern layer, 25-expansion rubber air bag, 26-bolt hole, 27-air inlet valve hole and 28-air outlet valve hole.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 and 6, the roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-rupture state integrated testing device comprises an expansion rubber air bag 25 and a fixing plate 20, wherein the expansion rubber air bag 25 is of a columnar structure, the front end of the expansion rubber air bag 25 is an arc surface, the tail end of the expansion rubber air bag is provided with an air inlet valve 22 and an air outlet valve 23, and the expansion rubber air bag 25 only increases the radial size but not the length size in the blowing expansion process; the side wall of the expanded rubber air bag 25 is provided with a printing layer 24 for copying the cracking state of the surrounding rock 1 of the drill hole 2 and really reflecting the cracking state and the size of a cracking area of the surrounding rock 1, the outer diameter of the expanded rubber air bag 25 is about 0.3-0.6 time of the inner diameter of the drill hole, after the expanded rubber air bag is completely expanded by applying air pressure, the length of the expanded rubber air bag 25 is unchanged, the diameter of the expanded rubber air bag is increased to 1.2-1.5 times of the inner diameter of the drill hole, so that the printing layer 24 is fully pressed and contacted with the drill hole 2, the cracking state of the surrounding rock is really copied, after the expanded rubber air bag 25 is taken out, the cracking shape of the surface of the expanded rubber air bag is 0.3-0.6 time of the cracking shape of the inner wall of the drill; a plurality of groups of supporting and limiting devices are arranged at intervals on the middle section of the expanded rubber air bag 25, a directional sleeve 18 is sleeved at the tail end of the expanded rubber air bag 25, as shown in fig. 4, four directional rulers 19 are arranged on the side wall of the directional sleeve 18 at equal included angles, a protective sleeve 15 for fixing in the drill hole 2 is sleeved at the front end of the directional sleeve 18, a protective sleeve chassis 17 is arranged at the tail end of the protective sleeve 15, and the protective sleeve chassis 17 and the fixing plate 20 clamp the tail end of the expanded rubber air bag 25;
the fixing plate 20 is of a disc-shaped structure, and an air inlet valve hole 27 and an air outlet valve hole 28 are respectively formed in the positions, matched with the air inlet valve 22 and the air outlet valve 23, of the fixing plate 20;
the supporting and limiting device comprises a rigid supporting ring 11 arranged on the expanded rubber air bag 25 and limiting claws 3 fixed on the inner wall of the drill hole 2, each group of supporting and limiting devices is a rigid supporting ring 11, two limiting claws 3 in the same direction are respectively arranged in front of and behind the rigid supporting ring 11, each limiting claw 3 extends out of the drill hole 2 through a thin steel wire rope 6 and is connected with a gravity suspension device to tension the limiting claw 3 through gravity; the rigid support ring 11 is provided with a mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter 12, the mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter 12 is connected with a stress display box 14 arranged on the outer side of the drill hole 2 through a stress sensing line 13, and the stress display box 14 is arranged at a position 20.5-1.0 m away from the hole opening and used for monitoring the surrounding rock stress at different depths of the surrounding rock.
As shown in fig. 2, the limiting claw 3 comprises an annular structure for being sleeved on the expansion rubber air bag 25, a plurality of pawls 4 with barb structures are arranged at equal included angles on the annular structure, each pawl 4 is provided with a spring 5, so that the pawl 4 can not be opened when moving in the forward direction, can be opened after moving in the reverse direction and is fully contacted with the surrounding rock 1, and is finally embedded into the surrounding rock 1 through the pawl 4; spacing claw 3 has 3 ~ 6 pawls 4, has a spring 5 below every pawl 4, can guarantee that pawl 4 opens and fully contacts with country rock 1, makes pawl 4 keep opening the state of embedding country rock through weight 7 for spacing claw 3 firmly fixes in predetermineeing monitoring position department, improves the measurement accuracy of country rock displacement.
The gravity suspension device comprises a fixed pulley 8 or a pulley block 10 and a heavy hammer 7, and the weight of the heavy hammer 7 is 0.5-1.0 kg; the fixed pulley 8 is arranged at a position which is 0.5-1.0 m away from the upper part of the orifice of the drill hole 2 or 0.5-1.0 m away from the periphery of the orifice of the drill hole 2 on the top plate through a pulley bracket 9, the thin steel wire ropes 6 are wound on the fixed pulley 8, the front end of each thin steel wire rope 6 is connected with one limiting claw 3, and the tail end of each thin steel wire rope is connected with a heavy hammer 7 which reflects the displacement change of the surrounding rock 1; the pulley block 10 consists of two fixed pulleys and is arranged at a position which is 0.5-1.0 m below the orifices on two sides of the roadway, the thin steel wire ropes 6 are wound on the pulley block 10, the front end of each thin steel wire rope 6 is connected with a limiting claw 3, and the tail end of each thin steel wire rope is connected with a heavy hammer 7 which reflects the displacement change of the surrounding rock 1; when in use, the fixed pulley 8 or the pulley block 10 is selected to be used according to the actual situation around each drill hole 2.
As shown in fig. 5, an orientation sleeve 18 is connected between the fixing plate 20 and the protective sleeve chassis 17 through the same-position bolt hole 26 using a bolt 21 to be disposed between the fixing plate 20 and the protective sleeve 15 for circumferentially restraining the expansion of the expansion rubber bladder 25 at the drilling hole and orienting the orientation; the directional sleeve 18 is provided with a left directional ruler 19, a right directional ruler 19, an upper directional ruler 19 and a lower directional ruler 19 for determining the fracture state and the placement position of the surrounding rock for each measurement, and the comparison and analysis of the measurement result are facilitated.
Rigid support ring 11 is the loop configuration of cover on inflation rubber gasbag 25, and the loop configuration outside is equipped with mechanical piezoelectric type stressometer 12, and rigid support ring 11 external diameter is unanimous with 2 internal diameters of drilling in mechanical piezoelectric type stressometer 12's pressurized end thickness in addition, and when country rock 1 warp, rigid support ring 11 volume does not change, and the pressure of country rock is whole to be used in mechanical piezoelectric type stressometer 12, through the country rock stress of the different degree of depth departments of stress display box 14 monitoring country rock.
As shown in fig. 3, protective sleeve 15 sets up in 2 orifices departments of drilling during the use, thereby 2 orifices of protection drilling suffer destruction because of the country rock receives the disturbance and influence the later stage monitoring, protective sleeve 15 inner wall is equipped with 3 ~ 6 wire casing 16, thin wire rope 6 with stress sensing line 13 rule put wherein and avoid all kinds of cotton ropes to occupy drilling 2 spaces after neat, be convenient for inflation rubber air bag 25 pass and not twined by various cotton ropes to avoid influencing the cracked monitoring effect of country rock.
A working method of a roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device comprises the following steps:
drilling a monitoring borehole 2 with the diameter consistent with that of the outer wall of a rigid support ring 11 in a surrounding rock 1 body, sequentially pushing a limiting claw 3 into the position, which is 1.0-2.0 cm far from the inner part, of the specified depth of the borehole 2 by using a push rod with a known length, sticking a pressed end of a mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter 12 to the surface of the rigid support ring 11, sequentially pushing a rigid support ring 10 into the position, which is the specified depth, of the borehole 2 by using the push rod, numbering each limiting claw 3 according to the pushing depth so as to be convenient for distinguishing, pulling the thin steel wire rope 6 connected with the limiting claws 3 outwards, wherein each limiting claw 3 is provided with one thin steel wire rope 6 only to ensure that the pawl 4 is fully opened, the steel wire rope is firmly anchored in the surrounding rock 1, the limiting claw 3 moves outwards by about 1.0-2.0 cm and is just anchored at the specified depth of the drilled hole 2, the limiting claw 3 can generate position change along with the deformation of the surrounding rock 1, the exposed section of the thin steel wire rope 6 is wound on the gravity suspension device, and the thin steel wire rope 6 is tensioned through the gravity of the heavy hammer 7;
when the surrounding rock 1 deforms, the force transmitted on the limiting claws 3 pulls the thin steel wire rope 6 to lift the heavy hammer 7, the moving amount of the heavy hammer 7 is the total deformation amount of the surrounding rock from the positions of the limiting claws 3 to the drilling hole, the difference of the deformation amounts of two adjacent limiting claws 3 is the deformation amount of the surrounding rock in the interval, and the difference of the deformation amounts of the two intervals is the deformation gradient of the surrounding rock 1 from inside to outside;
in order to accurately analyze the displacement change rule of the surrounding rock 1 at different depths, the distance between the limiting claws 3 can be properly adjusted; pushing each rigid support ring 11 into a drill hole 2 at intervals of 0.5-1.0 m, adhering a compression end of a mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter 12 to the surface of the rigid support ring 11, and fully contacting the compression end with the surrounding rock 1 to monitor the stress state of the surrounding rock 1 at different depths;
then, the protective sleeve 15 is installed at the drilling hole to avoid the influence of surrounding rock deformation on the later monitoring due to the damage of the drilling hole, and the monitoring quality is prevented from being influenced due to disorder of the wire ropes by regulating the thin steel wire rope 6 and the stress sensing wire 13 by utilizing the wire groove 16 in the protective sleeve 15;
and finally, pushing the expanded rubber air bag 25 with the directional sleeve 18 into the drill hole 2 by using a hardwood strip, applying 1.0-2.0 MPa of air pressure to increase the volume of the expanded rubber air bag 25 and tightly fit the hole wall of the drill hole for 5.0-10.0 min after the fixing plate 20 is installed, clearly copying the broken shape of the surrounding rock on the hole wall of the drill hole by using the printed layer 24, visually reflecting the broken and broken state of the surrounding rock, calculating the size of a real broken area of the surrounding rock by measuring the length and the width of cracks on the surface of the expanded rubber air bag according to the ratio of the outer diameter of the expanded rubber air bag 25 to the inner diameter of the drill hole 2, and determining the direction of the expanded rubber air bag 25 pushed into the drill hole 2 by using the directional sleeve.
After the construction of the drilling hole 2 is finished, the expanded rubber air bag 25 is firstly used for inflating and then the surrounding rock crushing state is initially tested, and when the limiting claw 3 is mounted and subsequently measured, the surrounding rock crushing state pattern acquired after the subsequent expanded rubber air bag 25 is inflated is contrasted and analyzed with the surrounding rock crushing state pattern acquired for the first time so as to improve the detection precision.
When in use, the method comprises the steps of firstly drilling a monitoring borehole 2 with the diameter consistent with the diameter of the outer wall of a rigid support ring 11 in a surrounding rock 1, sequentially pushing a limiting claw 3 into the specified depth of the borehole 2 by a push rod at a position 1.0-2.0 cm inwards, adhering a pressed end of a mechanical piezoelectric type stress gauge 12 to the surface of the rigid support ring 11, wherein the thickness of the outer diameter and the thickness of the pressed end of the rigid support ring 11 are consistent with the inner diameter of the borehole 2, sequentially pushing the rigid support ring 10 into the specified depth of the borehole 2 by the push rod, sequentially numbering each limiting claw and the rigid support ring according to the pushing depth for distinguishing, outwards pulling a thin steel wire rope 6 to ensure that a pawl 4 is fully opened and completely embedded into the surrounding rock, wherein the limiting claw 3 moves outwards by about 1.0-2.0 cm and is just anchored at the specified depth of the borehole 2, the limiting claw 3 can generate position change along with the deformation of the surrounding rock 1, winding an exposed section of the thin steel rope 6 on a fixed, when the surrounding rock 1 deforms, the force transmitted on the limiting claw 3 pulls the thin steel wire rope 6 to drive the heavy hammer 7 to move, each rigid support ring 11 is pushed into the drill hole 2 at a distance of 1m at the gap where the limiting claw is pushed in, and the mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter 12 is in contact with the surrounding rock 1 to monitor the stress state of the surrounding rock 1 at different depths; then, the protective sleeve 15 is installed at the position of a drill hole, the thin steel wire rope 6 and the stress sensing wire 13 are arranged in a wire slot 16 on the inner wall of the protective sleeve 15, finally, the expanded rubber air bag 25 with the directional sleeve 18 is pushed into the drill hole 2 through a hardwood strip, after the fixed plate 20 is installed through a bolt, 1.0-2.0 MPa of air pressure is applied to enable the volume of the expanded rubber air bag 25 to be increased and to be tightly attached to the wall of the drill hole for 5.0-10.0 min, so that the pattern layer 24 clearly copies the broken shape of surrounding rock on the wall of the drill hole, and the broken and broken state of the surrounding rock is.
As shown in the attached figure 2, the front view and the side view of the limiting claws 3 are schematic, each limiting claw 3 comprises 3-6 pawls 4, and a spring 5 is arranged below each pawl 4.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic perspective view of a protection sleeve 15, the protection sleeve 15 includes a protection sleeve for supporting a drill hole and a protection sleeve base 17 attached to a wall of a surrounding rock, and 3 to 6 wire slots 16 through which a thin steel wire rope 6 and a stress sensing wire 13 can pass are formed in an inner wall of the protection sleeve 15.
As shown in figure 4, the directional sleeve 18 is a schematic perspective view, which is used for limiting the expansion of the expanded rubber air bag 25 at the drilling hole, and the left, right, upper and lower 4 directional rulers 19 on the directional sleeve determine the putting position of the fracture state of the surrounding rock for each measurement, so that the comparison analysis of the measurement results of the previous measurement and the next measurement is convenient.
As shown in fig. 5, the cross-sectional view of the fixing plate 20 is a circular plate structure, which has bolt holes 26, an intake valve hole 27, and an exhaust valve hole 28.
As shown in the attached figure 6, the wall rock crack copying device consists of an expanded rubber air bag 25, a directional sleeve 18 and a printed pattern layer 24, is small in influence factor of environments such as high temperature and high humidity on site, simple in structure, convenient to operate and capable of being used repeatedly.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a tunnel country rock displacement-stress-state of rupture integration testing arrangement which characterized in that: the inflatable rubber air bag comprises an inflatable rubber air bag (25) and a fixing plate (20) which are of columnar structures, wherein the front end of the inflatable rubber air bag (25) is an arc surface, the end head of the tail end of the inflatable rubber air bag is provided with an air inlet valve (22) and an air outlet valve (23), and the inflatable rubber air bag (25) only increases the radial size but not the length size in the blowing and expanding process;
a plurality of groups of supporting and limiting devices are arranged on the middle section of the expanded rubber air bag (25) at intervals, a directional sleeve (18) is sleeved at the tail end of the expanded rubber air bag (25), four directional rulers (19) are arranged on the side wall of the directional sleeve (18) at equal included angles, a protective sleeve (15) fixed in the drill hole (2) is sleeved at the front end of the directional sleeve (18), a protective sleeve chassis (17) is arranged at the tail end of the protective sleeve (15), and the protective sleeve chassis (17) and a fixing plate (20) clamp the tail end of the expanded rubber air bag (25);
the fixing plate (20) is of a disc-shaped structure, and an air inlet valve hole (27) and an air outlet valve hole (28) are respectively formed in the positions, matched with the air inlet valve (22) and the air outlet valve (23), of the fixing plate (20);
the supporting and limiting device comprises a rigid support ring (11) arranged on the expanded rubber air bag (25) and limiting claws (3) fixed on the inner wall of the drill hole (2), each group of supporting and limiting devices is a rigid support ring (11), two limiting claws (3) in the same direction are respectively arranged in front of and behind the rigid support ring (11), each limiting claw (3) extends out of the drill hole (2) through a thin steel wire rope (6) and is connected with a gravity suspension device to tension the limiting claw (3) through gravity; the mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter (12) is arranged on the rigid support ring (11), the mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter (12) is connected with a stress display box (14) arranged on the outer side of the drilling hole (2) through a stress sensing line (13), and the stress display box (14) is arranged at a position 0.5-1.0 m away from the hole opening (2) and used for monitoring the surrounding rock stress at different depths of the surrounding rock.
2. The roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side wall of the expanded rubber air bag (25) is provided with a printed pattern layer (24) for copying the fracture state of the surrounding rock (1) of the drilled hole (2) so as to truly reflect the fracture state and the size of the fracture area of the surrounding rock (1).
3. The roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the outer diameter of the expanded rubber air bag (25) is about 0.3-0.6 time of the inner diameter of the drill hole, after the expanded rubber air bag is completely expanded by applying air pressure, the length of the expanded rubber air bag (25) is unchanged, the diameter of the expanded rubber air bag is increased to 1.2-1.5 times of the inner diameter of the drill hole, so that the printed pattern layer (24) and the drill hole (2) are in full extrusion contact, the surrounding rock fracture form is really copied, after the expanded rubber air bag (25) is taken out, the fracture shape of the surface of the expanded rubber air bag is 0.3-0.6 time of the fracture shape of the inner wall of the drill hole, the crack size increasing coefficient is 1.5-2.5, and.
4. The roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the limiting claw (3) comprises an annular structure used for being sleeved on the expansion rubber air bag (25), a plurality of pawls (4) with barb structures are arranged on the annular structure at equal included angles, each pawl (4) is provided with a spring (5), the pawls (4) can be guaranteed not to be opened when moving forward, can be opened after moving in the reverse direction and fully contact with the surrounding rock (1), and is finally embedded into the surrounding rock (1) through the pawls (4); spacing claw (3) have 3 ~ 6 pawl (4), have a spring (5) below every pawl (4), can guarantee that pawl (4) open and fully contact with country rock (1), make pawl (4) keep opening the state of embedding country rock through weight (7) for spacing claw (3) are firmly fixed in presetting monitoring position department, improve the measurement accuracy of country rock displacement.
5. The roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gravity suspension device comprises a fixed pulley (8) or a pulley block (10) and a heavy hammer (7), and the weight of the heavy hammer (7) is 0.5-1.0 kg; the fixed pulley (8) is arranged above an orifice of the drill hole (2) by 0.5-1.0 m or at a position 0.5-1.0 m away from the periphery of the orifice of the drill hole (2) on the top plate through a pulley support (9), the thin steel wire ropes (6) are wound on the fixed pulley (8), the front end of each thin steel wire rope (6) is connected with a limiting claw (3), and the tail end of each thin steel wire rope is connected with a heavy hammer (7) reflecting displacement change of surrounding rock (1); the pulley block (10) consists of two fixed pulleys and is arranged at a position which is 0.5-1.0 m below an orifice on two sides of the roadway, the thin steel wire ropes (6) are wound on the pulley block (10), the front end of each thin steel wire rope (6) is connected with a limiting claw (3), and the tail end of each thin steel wire rope is connected with a heavy hammer (7) reflecting displacement change of the surrounding rock (1); when in use, the fixed pulley (8) or the pulley block (10) is selected to be used according to the actual situation around each drill hole (2).
6. The roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixing plate (20) and the protective sleeve chassis (17) are connected through bolt holes (26) at the same position by bolts (21) to form a directional sleeve (18) which is arranged between the fixing plate (20) and the protective sleeve (15) and used for annularly restricting the expansion of the expansion rubber air bag (25) at a drilling hole and calibrating the position; the directional sleeve (18) is provided with a left directional ruler (19), a right directional ruler (19), an upper directional ruler and a lower directional ruler for determining the fracture state and the putting position of the surrounding rock for each measurement, so that the comparison and analysis of the measurement result for each time are facilitated.
7. The roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: rigidity support ring (11) are the loop configuration of cover on inflation rubber gasbag (25), and the loop configuration outside is equipped with mechanical piezoelectric type stressometer (12), and rigidity support ring (11) external diameter is unanimous with drilling (2) internal diameter in the pressurized end thickness of mechanical piezoelectric type stressometer (12) in addition, and when country rock (1) warp, rigidity support ring (11) volume does not change, and the pressure of country rock is whole to be used in mechanical piezoelectric type stressometer (12), through the country rock stress of the different degree of depth departments of country rock of stress display box (14) monitoring.
8. The roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: protective sleeve (15) set up in drilling (2) hole department during the use, thereby protection drilling (2) hole department suffers destruction because of the country rock receives the disturbance and influences the later stage monitoring, protective sleeve (15) inner wall is equipped with 3 ~ 6 wire casings (16), put wherein avoiding all kinds of cotton ropes to occupy drilling (2) space thin wire rope (6) and stress sensing line (13) rule after in order, be convenient for inflation rubber airbag (25) pass and do not twined by various cotton ropes, in order to avoid influencing the cracked monitoring effect of country rock.
9. An operating method of the roadway surrounding rock displacement-stress-fracture state integrated testing device of any one of the preceding claims is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a monitoring drill hole (2) which is consistent with the diameter of the outer wall of a rigid support ring (11) is drilled in a surrounding rock (1), a push rod with a known length is used for sequentially pushing a limiting claw (3) into the position, which is at the appointed depth of the drill hole (2), of 1.0-2.0 cm, a pressure end of a mechanical piezoelectric type stress gauge (12) is adhered to the surface of the rigid support ring (11), the rigid support ring (10) is pushed into the position, which is at the appointed depth of the drill hole (2), of the rigid support ring (10) by the push rod in sequence, each limiting claw (3) is numbered according to the pushing depth so as to be convenient to distinguish, a thin steel wire rope (6) connected to the limiting claw (3) is pulled outwards, each limiting claw (3) is provided with and only connected with one thin steel wire rope (6), a pawl (4) is fully opened and firmly anchored in the surrounding rock (1), at the moment, the limiting claw (3) moves outwards by about 1.0-2.0, the limiting claw (3) can generate position change along with the deformation of the surrounding rock (1), the exposed section of the thin steel wire rope (6) is wound on the gravity suspension device, and the thin steel wire rope (6) is tensioned by the gravity of the heavy hammer (7);
when the surrounding rock (1) deforms, the force transmitted on the limiting claws (3) pulls the thin steel wire rope (6) to lift the heavy hammer (7), the moving amount of the heavy hammer (7) is the total deformation of the surrounding rock from the positions of the limiting claws (3) to the drilling hole, the difference of the deformation of two adjacent limiting claws (3) is the deformation of the surrounding rock in the interval, and the difference of the deformation of the two intervals is the deformation gradient of the surrounding rock (1) from inside to outside;
in order to accurately analyze the displacement change rule of the surrounding rock (1) at different depths, the distance between the limiting claws (3) can be properly adjusted; pushing each rigid support ring (11) into a drill hole of the drill hole (2) at intervals of 0.5-1.0 m, adhering a compression end of a mechanical piezoelectric type stress meter (12) to the surface of the rigid support ring (11), and fully contacting the compression end with the surrounding rock (1) to monitor the stress state of the surrounding rock (1) at different depths;
then, a protective sleeve (15) is installed at the drilling hole to avoid the influence on later-stage monitoring caused by damage to the drilling hole due to surrounding rock deformation, and the monitoring quality is prevented from being influenced due to disorder of the wire ropes by arranging the fine wire ropes (6) and the stress sensing wires (13) through the wire grooves (16) in the protective sleeve (15);
and finally, pushing the expanded rubber air bag (25) with the directional sleeve (18) into the drill hole (2) by using a hardwood strip, applying 1.0-2.0 MPa of air pressure to increase the volume of the expanded rubber air bag (25) and tightly attaching the expanded rubber air bag to the wall of the drill hole for 5.0-10.0 min after the fixing plate (20) is installed, clearly copying the broken shape of the surrounding rock on the wall of the drill hole under the printing layer (24), visually reflecting the broken and broken state of the surrounding rock, calculating the size of the real broken area of the surrounding rock by measuring the length and the width of the surface crack of the expanded rubber air bag according to the ratio of the outer diameter of the expanded rubber air bag (25) to the inner diameter of the drill hole (2), and determining the direction of the broken zone of the surrounding rock by using the directional sleeve (18).
10. The method of operation of claim 9, wherein: after the drilling construction is finished, the expanded rubber air bag (25) is firstly used for inflating and then the surrounding rock crushing state is initially tested, and when the limiting claw (3) is mounted and subsequent measurement is carried out, the surrounding rock crushing state pattern obtained after the subsequent expanded rubber air bag (25) is inflated is compared with the surrounding rock crushing state pattern obtained after the subsequent expanded rubber air bag (25) is first time for analysis so as to improve the detection precision.
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