CN112813584A - Aerogel fiber filling material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aerogel fiber filling material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112813584A CN112813584A CN202011644764.6A CN202011644764A CN112813584A CN 112813584 A CN112813584 A CN 112813584A CN 202011644764 A CN202011644764 A CN 202011644764A CN 112813584 A CN112813584 A CN 112813584A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/02—Cotton wool; Wadding
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aerogel fiber filling material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: fully and uniformly mixing aerogel fibers with a binder to obtain a composite; and (3) carrying out heat treatment setting on the compound, so that the aerogel fibers are adhered, overlapped and stacked to form a stable three-dimensional network structure, and obtaining the aerogel fiber filling material. The obtained aerogel fiber filling material has a stable three-dimensional network structure formed by mutually adhering, lapping and stacking aerogel fibers. The preparation method has simple process and short flow, and can obtain different functional aerogel fiber filling materials by adjusting the functional material additive, thereby greatly expanding the variety and application range of the aerogel fiber filling materials; the aerogel fiber filling material provided by the invention has the advantages that the proportion of the aerogel is obviously improved, the heat insulation performance of the material is excellent, the structure is stable, and the aerogel fiber filling material has wide application prospects in the fields of heat insulation and heat preservation, core material filling, structural support and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aerogel fiber filling material and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of textile materials.
Background
The fiber filling material comprises flocculus, fiber felt and the like, is an important raw material in the textile industry, has the biggest characteristic of light weight and heat preservation, and is mainly applied to heat preservation of outer layers of bedding, clothing and buildings. With the gradual improvement of the life quality of people, the demand of filling materials is also gradually improved. The modern life puts forward the demand of lighter and more warm keeping to the flocculus, and simultaneously requires that the flocculus has multiple functions of comfort, environmental protection, beautiful appearance and the like. The potential of natural fibers and chemical fibers used in the preparation of traditional fillers has been substantially fully developed, and new fiber forms need to be adopted to obtain new structural breakthroughs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an aerogel fiber filling material and a preparation method thereof, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art and obtain a novel heat-insulating filling material.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide the use of the aerogel fiber fill material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an aerogel fiber filling material, which comprises the following steps:
fully and uniformly mixing aerogel fibers with a binder to obtain a composite;
carrying out heat treatment setting on the compound to enable aerogel fibers to be adhered, overlapped and stacked mutually to form a stable three-dimensional network structure, so as to obtain the aerogel fiber filling material, wherein the aerogel fibers account for 80-99% of the volume ratio of the whole material in the aerogel fiber filling material, and the density of the aerogel fiber filling material is 0.01-0.7 g/cm3The aerogel fiber filling material has the compression strength of more than 10kPa, the compression recovery rate of 30-98% and the thermal conductivity of 0.01-0.1W/(m.K).
In some embodiments, the material of the aerogel fiber includes any one or a combination of two or more of cellulose, polyamide, polyimide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylic acid, polycarbonate, graphene, boron nitride, silicon oxide, Mexene material, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the aerogel fibers comprise short fibers having a selected interface shape, wherein the selected interface shape comprises any one or a combination of two or more of a circle, a hollow, a triangle, a quadrangle, a trilobal, a multilobal, a lotus root, a cross, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the method of making comprises: and fully and uniformly mixing the aerogel fibers with the binder by at least any one of spraying, coating, mechanical mixing and the like.
Further, the preparation method further comprises the following steps: processing the aerogel fibers to obtain short fibers with the length-diameter ratio of more than 10: 1.
In some embodiments, the method of making further comprises: in the process of preparing the aerogel fiber, a functional material is added as an auxiliary agent, wherein the functional material comprises any one or a combination of more than two of metal oxide, carbon material, functional nano material and the like, but is not limited thereto.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the aerogel fiber filling material prepared by the method, the aerogel fiber filling material is formed by mutually adhering, lapping and stacking aerogel fibers after heat treatment and shaping, the aerogel fiber filling material has a stable three-dimensional network structure, the volume ratio of the aerogel fibers in the aerogel fiber filling material is 80-99%, and the density of the aerogel fiber filling material is 0.01-0.7 g/cm3The aerogel fiber filling material has the compression strength of more than 10kPa, the compression recovery rate of 30-98% and the thermal conductivity of 0.01-0.1W/(m.K).
In some embodiments, the aerogel fibrous fill material appears macroscopically as a batt or fiber mat.
Furthermore, the prepared aerogel fiber filling material has the characteristics of overall hydrophobicity, overall hydrophilicity or partial hydrophilicity and partial hydrophobicity, and has the functions related to the auxiliary agents such as heat preservation and insulation, infrared emission, electromagnetic shielding, photo-thermal, sterilization and the like according to different addition of the auxiliary agents.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the aerogel fiber filling material in the fields of heat insulation, core material filling, structure supporting, infrared emission, electromagnetic shielding, photo-thermal or sterilization and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the preparation method of the aerogel fiber filling material provided by the invention does not need a complex synthesis technology, does not have complex chemical reaction in the whole preparation process, has simple preparation process and short flow, and can realize the preparation of large-scale aerogel fiber filling material; the density of the filler is obviously reduced by the whole aerogel structure, different functional aerogel fiber filling materials can be obtained by adjusting the functional material additive, and the variety and application range of the aerogel fiber filling material are greatly expanded;
2) the preparation method of the aerogel fiber filling material researched and developed by a new process and a new flow is adopted to further improve the heat insulation capability of the existing insulation flocculus, compared with the existing aerogel filling material, the prepared aerogel filling material is remarkably improved in proportion of the contained aerogel, excellent in heat insulation performance and stable in structure, and has wide application prospects in the fields of heat insulation, heat preservation, core material filling, structural support and the like;
3) the main body material of the aerogel fiber filling material prepared by the invention is aerogel fibers, the aerogel fibers are used as a main body for bearing mechanics, the heat insulation performance of the aerogel fibers is maximally reserved, and meanwhile, the density of the whole fiber filling material is obviously reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a precursor of an aerogel fiber filler obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of an aerogel fiber fill material obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of an aerogel fiber filler obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the aerogel fiber filler material obtained in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aerogel fiber is a fiber with a novel structure, the fiber has extremely high porosity and specific surface area, the microscopic aerogel structure enables the aerogel fiber to have more excellent heat insulation performance compared with the traditional profiled fiber, hollow fiber, superfine fiber and the like, and compared with the traditional fiber, the filler prepared by taking the aerogel fiber as a main material has lower skeleton heat conductivity, lighter weight and more excellent heat insulation performance under the same filling volume.
Therefore, in view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies and practice to provide a technical solution of the present invention, which mainly uses aerogel fibers as a main material, and improves and explores the flocculus preparation process to prepare a lightweight, heat-insulating, multifunctional aerogel fiber filling material. The technical solution, its implementation and principles, etc. will be further explained as follows.
The aerogel fiber filling material provided by one aspect of the embodiment of the invention is formed by adhering, lapping and stacking aerogel fibers and a binder after heat treatment and shaping, and has a stable three-dimensional network structure, wherein the volume ratio of the aerogel fibers in the aerogel fiber filling material is 80-99%.
In some embodiments, the body of the aerogel fibrous filler material is aerogel fibers, which appear macroscopically as batts, fiber mats, or fibrous products blended with other materials.
In some embodiments, the microstructure of the aerogel fiber filling material is a stable three-dimensional network structure formed by overlapping aerogel fibers as main bodies, and the filling material has certain elasticity and mechanical strength.
In some embodiments, the aerogel fibrous fill material as a whole exhibits a hydrophobic behavior in its entirety, a hydrophilic nature in its entirety, or a partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic behavior.
In some embodiments, the main material of the aerogel fiber includes any one or a combination of two or more of cellulose, polyamide, polyimide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylic acid, polycarbonate, graphene, boron nitride, silicon oxide, Mexene material, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention also provides a method for preparing an aerogel fiber packing material, including:
fully and uniformly mixing aerogel fibers with a binder to obtain a composite;
carrying out heat treatment setting on the compound to enable aerogel fibers to be adhered, overlapped and stacked mutually to form a stable three-dimensional network structure, so as to obtain the aerogel fiber filling material, wherein the aerogel fibers account for 80-99% of the volume ratio of the whole material in the aerogel fiber filling material, and the density of the aerogel fiber filling material is 0.01-0.7 g/cm3The aerogel fiber filling material has the compression strength of more than 10kPa, the compression recovery rate of 30-98% and the thermal conductivity of 0.01-0.1W/(m.K).
Furthermore, the volume ratio of the binder to the whole filling material is 0.1-20%.
In some embodiments, the temperature range of the heat treatment setting is 60-180 ℃, the time is more than 5min and less than 36h (5 min-36 h), and the time is prolonged or reduced according to material selection.
Further, the preparation method of the aerogel fiber filling material comprises the following steps: the aerogel fiber is prepared into a certain three-dimensional shape and naturally accumulated to form a flocculus with a stable three-dimensional structure by taking the aerogel fiber as a main body and a main raw material, or a certain amount of binder is added to enable short fibers to be mutually adhered and overlapped to form a filling material (such as a flocculus) with a three-dimensional structure after thermal shaping.
In some embodiments, the body of the aerogel fibrous filler material is aerogel fibers, which appear macroscopically as batts, fiber mats, or fibrous products blended with other materials.
In some embodiments, the microstructure of the aerogel fiber filling material is a stable three-dimensional network structure formed by overlapping aerogel fibers as main bodies, and the filling material has certain elasticity and mechanical strength.
In some embodiments, the main material of the aerogel fiber includes any one or a combination of two or more of cellulose, polyamide, polyimide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylic acid, polycarbonate, graphene, boron nitride, silicon oxide, Mexene material, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
Further, the diameter of the aerogel fiber is 500-0.1 μm, the porosity is 3-99.5%, preferably 20-99.5%, and the pore diameter of the pores contained in the aerogel fiber is 4 nm-1 μm.
In some embodiments, the aerogel fibers comprise short fibers having a selected interface shape, wherein the selected interface shape includes, but is not limited to, round, hollow, triangular, tetragonal, trilobal, multilobal, lotus root, cross-shaped, and other geometrically designed fibers.
Further, the aerogel fibers have an aspect ratio greater than 10: 1.
In some embodiments, the binder is in a liquid or solid state, and the volume ratio of the binder in the aerogel fiber filling material to the whole material is 0.1-20%.
Further, the liquid binder includes a solution of a selected polymer and/or a precursor of a selected polymer, wherein the selected polymer may include, for example, one or a combination of two or more of polyacrylate, polyurethane, epoxy resin, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
Further, the solid adhesive includes a hot-melt type polymer and/or other inorganic materials, and may preferably include, for example, any one or a combination of two or more of polyester fiber, polyethylene, polypropylene, glass fiber, low-melting glass frit, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
Furthermore, the form of the binder used in the aerogel fiber filling material is liquid or solid, the liquid binder is a solution or a polymer precursor (such as polyacrylate solution, polyurethane solution, epoxy resin, etc.) of a certain polymer, and the solid binder is a hot-melt polymer (such as polyester fiber, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.).
In some embodiments, the method of making comprises: and fully and uniformly mixing the aerogel fibers with the binder by at least any one of spraying, coating, mechanical mixing and the like. That is, stated another way, the binder and aerogel fibers can be mixed in a variety of ways, including but not limited to: spraying, coating, mechanical mixing, and the like.
Further, the method of mixing includes: a solution comprising a binder is sprayed onto at least a portion of the surface of the aerogel fibers.
Further, the method of mixing includes: a solution comprising a binder is applied to at least a portion of the surface of the aerogel fibers.
Further, the method of mixing includes: mechanically mixing the aerogel fibers with a solid binder.
Further, the preparation method further comprises the following steps: processing the aerogel fibers to obtain short fibers with the length-diameter ratio of more than 10: 1.
In some more specific embodiments, the method for preparing the aerogel fiber filler material specifically comprises:
processing aerogel fibers into short fibers with a certain length, and ensuring that the short fibers have a certain length-diameter ratio (the length-diameter ratio is more than 10: 1);
mixing aerogel fibers with a certain proportion of a binder, and then carrying out primary preparation on flocculus by using a lapping machine;
and carrying out heat treatment setting on the obtained rough processing flocculus to obtain the aerogel fiber filling material.
In some more specific embodiments, the method for preparing the aerogel fiber filler material specifically comprises:
the aerogel fibers and the binder can be mixed by spraying a binder solution onto the aerogel fibers, coating a part of the surface of the aerogel fibers with the binder solution, and mechanically mixing the aerogel fibers and the solid binder (fibrous or powdery).
In some more specific embodiments, the method for preparing aerogel fibers in the aerogel fiber fill material comprises: the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing solvent-containing fibers by adopting a spinning process, and then drying the solvent-containing fibers by adopting at least any one of supercritical drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, normal-pressure drying and the like, so as to obtain the aerogel fibers.
Further, the spinning process adopted in the method can be a wet spinning process or a dry-jet wet spinning process, and the main step is to form the formed fiber in a coagulating bath by using a high molecular solution or sol as a spinning solution in an extruding mode.
Further, the material of the solvent-containing fiber includes any one or a combination of two or more of cellulose, polyamide, polyimide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylic acid, polycarbonate, boron nitride, graphene, silicon oxide, Mexene material, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the method of making further comprises: in the process of preparing the aerogel fiber, a certain amount of auxiliary agent is added to enable the fiber to have certain functionality, and the auxiliary agent is mainly a functional material. The aerogel fiber may or may not contain an auxiliary component outside the main body material. The mass ratio of the auxiliary agent to the whole material is less than 20%.
In some embodiments, the functional material includes any one or a combination of two or more of metal oxide, carbon material, functional nanomaterial, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
Further, the metal oxide includes any one or a combination of two or more of aluminum oxide, tin dioxide, tungsten trioxide, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
Further, the carbon material includes any one or a combination of two or more of graphene, carbon fiber, fullerene, carbon nanotube, and the like; further, but not limited thereto.
Further, the functional nano material includes any one or a combination of two or more of silver nanowires, gold nanoparticles, Mxene materials, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
Further, the functional material includes a metal oxide (e.g., alumina, tin dioxide, tungsten trioxide, etc.), a carbon material (graphene, carbon fiber, fullerene, etc.), a functional nanomaterial (silver nanowire, gold nanoparticle, Mxene, etc.), and the like.
The aerogel fiber filling material is formed by mutually adhering, lapping and stacking aerogel fibers after heat treatment and shaping, has a stable three-dimensional network structure, and has a volume ratio of the aerogel fibers of 80-99%, and a density of 0.01-0.7 g/cm3The aerogel fiber filling material has the compression strength of more than 10kPa, the compression recovery rate of 30-98% and the thermal conductivity of 0.01-0.1W/(m.K).
In some embodiments, the body of the aerogel fibrous filler material is aerogel fibers, which appear macroscopically as batts, fiber mats, or fibrous products blended with other materials.
In some embodiments, the microstructure of the aerogel fiber filling material is a stable three-dimensional network structure formed by overlapping aerogel fibers as main bodies, and the filling material has certain elasticity and mechanical strength.
In some embodiments, the aerogel fiber filling material has a hydrophobic property in whole, hydrophilic property in whole or partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic property, and functions related to auxiliary agents such as heat preservation and insulation, infrared emission, electromagnetic shielding, photo-thermal, sterilization and the like are embodied according to different added auxiliary agents.
Further, aerogel fibre filler material uses the aerogel fibre as the host material, the volume percentage of aerogel fibre material in aerogel fibre filler material is 80 ~ 99%, and the concrete proportion changes along with aerogel fibre filler material function change.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a use of the aerogel fiber filling material in the fields of thermal insulation, core material filling, structural support, etc. The aerogel fiber filling material can be applied to the fields of heat insulation, core material filling, structural support and other contained functions.
In conclusion, according to the technical scheme, the preparation method of the aerogel fiber filling material provided by the invention does not need a complex synthesis technology, the whole preparation process does not have complex chemical reactions, the preparation process is simple, the flow is short, and the preparation of the aerogel fiber filling material in a large scale can be realized; and different functional aerogel fiber filling materials can be obtained by adjusting the functional material additive, so that the variety and the application range of the aerogel fiber filling material are greatly expanded.
The aerogel fiber filling material with good heat preservation performance can be obtained by adopting the aerogel fiber as the matrix and improving the processing technology of the aerogel fiber, the preparation method is simple and convenient, the requirement on the preparation condition is loose, and the aerogel fiber filling material is suitable for industrial production.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to several preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. It is to be noted that the following examples are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, and do not set forth any limitation thereto. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental materials used in the examples used below were all available from conventional biochemical reagents companies, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The preparation of the aerogel fiber filling material in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) selecting polyamide aerogel fibers with the porosity of 98% and the circular cross-section shape as a main material, and preparing the aerogel fibers into short fibers with the length of about 3 cm;
(2) fully mixing the aerogel fiber short fibers and the polyester fibers in the step (1) by adopting an opener and a lapping machine to obtain a loose flocculus material with a certain shape;
(3) and (3) putting the flocculus material in the step (2) into a high-temperature oven, and heating and shaping for more than 3 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain the flocculus aerogel fiber filling material with good mechanical properties.
Fig. 1 shows a photograph of the precursor of the aerogel fiber filling material obtained in this example, a photograph of a real object of the aerogel fiber filling material obtained finally is shown in fig. 2, and a photograph of a scanning electron microscope is shown in fig. 3, where the apparent density, compressive strength, compression rebound ratio, contact angle, and thermal conductivity coefficient of the aerogel fiber filling material are shown in table 1.
Example 2
The preparation of the aerogel fiber filling material in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) selecting boron nitride aerogel fibers with the porosity of 88% and the cross section in a quadrangular shape as a main body material, and preparing the aerogel fibers into short fibers with the length of about 3 cm;
(2) spreading the boron nitride fiber short fibers in the step (1) on a plane, spraying a polyurethane solution on the surface of the boron nitride fiber short fibers, and preparing the aerogel fibers sprayed with the polyurethane solution into loose flocculus with a certain shape by adopting a lapping machine;
(3) and (3) putting the flocculus material in the step (2) into a high-temperature oven, and heating and shaping the flocculus material at the temperature of 120 ℃ for more than 3 hours to obtain the flocculus-shaped aerogel fiber filling material with good mechanical properties, wherein a scanning electron microscope picture of the flocculus-shaped aerogel fiber filling material is shown in figure 4, and the apparent density, the compressive strength, the compression-rebound ratio, the contact angle and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the aerogel fiber filling material are shown in table 1.
Example 3
The preparation of the aerogel fiber filling material in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) selecting silica aerogel fibers with the porosity of 98% and the cross section in a trilobal shape as a main body material, taking glass fibers as a bonding material, and preparing the aerogel fibers and the stripping fibers into short fibers with the length of about 3 cm;
(2) fully mixing the aerogel fiber short fibers and the glass fibers in the step (1) by using a lapping machine to obtain a loose flocculus material with a certain shape;
(3) and (3) putting the flocculus material in the step (2) into a muffle furnace, and heating and shaping for more than 3 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the flocculus aerogel fiber filling material with good mechanical properties, wherein the apparent density, the compression strength, the compression rebound ratio, the contact angle and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the flocculus aerogel fiber filling material are shown in table 1.
Example 4
The preparation of the aerogel fiber filling material in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) selecting polypropylene aerogel fibers with the porosity of 91% and cross-shaped cross-section as a main material, and preparing the aerogel fibers into short fibers with the length of about 3 cm;
(2) fully mixing the aerogel fiber short fibers and the polyester fibers in the step (1) by adopting an opener and a lapping machine to obtain a loose flocculus material with a certain shape;
(3) and (3) putting the flocculus material in the step (2) into a hot press, and carrying out hot press forming at a certain pressure and a temperature of 120 ℃ for more than 3 hours to obtain the fibrous felt aerogel fiber filling material with good mechanical properties, wherein the apparent density, the compression strength, the compression rebound ratio, the contact angle and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the fibrous felt aerogel fiber filling material are shown in table 1.
Example 5
The preparation of the aerogel fiber filling material in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) selecting polyimide aerogel fibers with the porosity of 95% and the circular cross-section as a main material, finishing part of the aerogel fibers, uniformly coating epoxy resin on the surfaces of the aerogel fibers, and preparing all the fibers into short fibers with the length of about 3 cm;
(2) fully mixing the two types of fiber short fibers in the step (1) through a lapping machine to obtain a loose flocculus material with a certain shape;
(3) and (3) putting the flocculus material in the step (2) into a high-temperature oven, and heating and shaping for more than 3 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the flocculus aerogel fiber filling material with good mechanical properties, wherein the apparent density, the compression strength, the compression rebound ratio, the contact angle and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the flocculus aerogel fiber filling material are shown in table 1.
Example 6
The preparation of the aerogel fiber filling material in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) selecting polyacrylic acid-Mxene composite aerogel fiber with the porosity of 79% and the cross section in a porous lotus root shape as a main body material, and preparing the aerogel fiber into short fiber with the length of about 3 cm;
(2) fully mixing the aerogel fiber short fibers and the polyethylene fibers in the step (1) by adopting an opener and a lapping machine to obtain a loose flocculus material with a certain shape;
(3) and (3) putting the flocculus material in the step (2) into a high-temperature oven, and heating and shaping for more than 3 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain the flocculus aerogel fiber filling material with the photo-thermal effect, wherein the apparent density, the compression strength, the compression rebound ratio, the contact angle and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the flocculus aerogel fiber filling material are shown in table 1.
Example 7
The preparation of the aerogel fiber filling material in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) selecting silver nanowire-polyamide aerogel fibers with porosity of 82% and circular cross-sectional shapes as main materials, and preparing the aerogel fibers into short fibers with the length of about 3 cm;
(2) fully mixing the aerogel fiber short fibers and the polypropylene fibers in the step (1) by adopting an opener and a lapping machine to obtain a loose flocculus material with a certain shape;
(3) and (3) putting the flocculus material in the step (2) into a high-temperature oven, and heating and shaping for more than 3 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain the flocculus aerogel fiber filling material with the sterilization function, wherein the apparent density, the compression strength, the compression rebound ratio, the contact angle and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the flocculus aerogel fiber filling material are shown in table 1.
Example 8
The preparation of the aerogel fiber filling material in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) selecting tungsten trioxide-graphene aerogel fibers with porosity of 76% and irregular multi-leaf cross section as a main body material, and preparing the aerogel fibers into short fibers with the length of about 3 cm;
(2) fully mixing the aerogel fiber short fibers and the polyester fibers in the step (1) by adopting an opener and a lapping machine to obtain a loose flocculus material with a certain shape;
(3) and (3) putting the flocculus material in the step (2) into a high-temperature oven, and heating and shaping for 36 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the flocculus-shaped aerogel fiber filling material with the photothermal-thermoelectric composite function, wherein the apparent density, the compression strength, the compression rebound ratio, the contact angle and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the flocculus-shaped aerogel fiber filling material are shown in table 1.
Example 9
The preparation of the aerogel fiber filling material in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) selecting carbon nanotube-polypropylene aerogel fibers with the porosity of 67% and the triangular cross section as a main body material, and preparing the aerogel fibers into short fibers with the length of about 3 cm;
(2) fully mixing the aerogel fiber short fibers and polyacrylate obtained in the step (1) by using an opener and a lapping machine to obtain a loose flocculus material with a certain shape;
(3) and (3) putting the flocculus material in the step (2) into a high-temperature oven, and heating and shaping for 5min at the temperature of 180 ℃ to obtain the high-strength electrothermal composite function flocculus aerogel fiber filling material, wherein the apparent density, the compression strength, the compression rebound ratio, the contact angle and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the high-strength electrothermal composite function flocculus aerogel fiber filling material are shown in table 1.
In addition, the inventor also refers to the mode of example 1-example 9, and experiments are carried out by using other raw materials and conditions listed in the specification, and the aerogel fiber filling material which has good dimensional stability, certain mechanical strength and can meet the practical application condition is also prepared. These aerogel fibrous packing materials have also been found to have the excellent properties described herein.
Comparative example 1
The preparation of an aerogel fibrous packing material of this comparative example included the following steps:
(1) selecting polyamide aerogel fibers as a main body material, and preparing the aerogel fibers into short fibers with the length of about 3 cm;
(2) fully mixing the aerogel fiber short fibers and the polyester fibers in the step (1) by adopting an opener and a lapping machine to obtain a loose flocculus material with a certain shape;
the mechanical strength of the aerogel fiber filler is obviously reduced compared with that of the aerogel fiber filler in example 1, and the apparent density, the compression rebound ratio, the contact angle and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the aerogel fiber filler are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance data for examples 1-9, comparative example 1
The aspects, embodiments, features and examples of the present invention should be considered as illustrative in all respects and not intended to be limiting of the invention, the scope of which is defined only by the claims. Other embodiments, modifications, and uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.
The use of headings and chapters in this disclosure is not meant to limit the disclosure; each section may apply to any aspect, embodiment, or feature of the disclosure.
Throughout this specification, where a composition is described as having, containing, or comprising specific components or where a process is described as having, containing, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that the composition of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and the process of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited process steps.
It should be understood that the order of steps or the order in which particular actions are performed is not critical, so long as the teachings of the invention remain operable. Further, two or more steps or actions may be performed simultaneously.
While the invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes, omissions and/or additions may be made and substantial equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing aerogel fiber filling material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fully and uniformly mixing aerogel fibers with a binder to obtain a composite;
carrying out heat treatment setting on the compound to enable aerogel fibers to be adhered, overlapped and stacked mutually to form a stable three-dimensional network structure, so as to obtain the aerogel fiber filling material, wherein the aerogel fibers account for 80-99% of the volume ratio of the whole material in the aerogel fiber filling material, and the density of the aerogel fiber filling material is 0.01-0.7 g/cm3The aerogel fiber filling material has the compression strength of more than 10kPa, the compression recovery rate of 30-98% and the thermal conductivity of 0.01-0.1W/(m.K).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the aerogel fiber is made of any one or a combination of more than two of cellulose, polyamide, polyimide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylic acid, polycarbonate, graphene, boron nitride, silicon oxide and Mexene materials;
and/or the diameter of the aerogel fiber is 500-0.1 μm, the porosity is 3-99.5%, preferably 20-99.5%, and the pore diameter of the pores contained in the aerogel fiber is 4 nm-1 μm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the aerogel fiber comprises short fibers with a selected interface shape, wherein the selected interface shape comprises any one or combination of more than two of a circle, a hollow shape, a triangle, a quadrangle, a trefoil, a multilobal shape, a lotus root shape and a cross shape; preferably, the aerogel fibers have an aspect ratio greater than 10: 1.
4. An aerogel fibrous packing material as in claim 1, wherein: the form of the binder is liquid or solid, preferably, the volume ratio of the binder in the aerogel fiber filling material to the whole material is 0.1-20%, preferably, the liquid binder comprises a selected macromolecule and/or a selected macromolecule precursor, wherein the selected macromolecule comprises any one or a combination of more than two of polyacrylate, polyurethane and epoxy resin; preferably, the solid adhesive comprises a hot-melt type polymer and/or an inorganic material, and particularly preferably comprises any one or a combination of more than two of polyester fiber, polyethylene, polypropylene, glass fiber and low-melting-point glass powder.
5. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising: fully and uniformly mixing the aerogel fibers with a binder by adopting any one of spraying, coating and mechanical mixing;
preferably, the method of mixing comprises: spraying a solution comprising a binder onto at least a portion of the surface of the aerogel fibers;
preferably, the method of mixing comprises: applying a solution comprising a binder to at least a portion of the surface of the aerogel fibers;
preferably, the method of mixing comprises: mechanically mixing the aerogel fibers with a solid binder;
and/or, the preparation method further comprises the following steps: processing aerogel fibers to obtain short fibers with the length-diameter ratio of more than 10: 1;
and/or the temperature of the heat treatment setting is 60-180 ℃ and the time is 5 min-36 h.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the aerogel fibers are prepared by a method comprising: preparing solvent-containing fiber by adopting a spinning process, and then drying the solvent-containing fiber by adopting at least any one of supercritical drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying and normal-pressure drying to obtain the aerogel fiber;
preferably, the spinning process comprises a wet spinning process or a dry-jet wet spinning process;
preferably, the material of the solvent-containing fiber includes any one or a combination of two or more of cellulose, polyamide, polyimide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylic acid, polycarbonate, graphene, boron nitride, silicon oxide, and Mexene material.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: in the process of preparing the aerogel fiber, adding a functional material serving as an auxiliary agent, wherein the auxiliary agent accounts for less than 20% of the mass ratio of the whole material, and the functional material comprises any one or a combination of more than two of metal oxide, a carbon material and a functional nano material; preferably, the metal oxide comprises any one or a combination of more than two of aluminum oxide, tin dioxide and tungsten trioxide; preferably, the carbon material comprises any one or a combination of more than two of graphene, carbon fiber, fullerene and carbon nanotube; preferably, the functional nano material comprises any one or a combination of more than two of silver nanowires, gold nanoparticles and Mxene materials.
8. Rights to be given byThe aerogel fiber filling material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the aerogel fiber filling material is formed by adhering, overlapping and stacking aerogel fibers after heat treatment and shaping, the aerogel fiber filling material has a stable three-dimensional network structure, the volume ratio of the aerogel fibers in the aerogel fiber filling material is 80 to 99 percent, and the density of the aerogel fiber filling material is 0.01 to 0.7g/cm3The aerogel fiber filling material has the compression strength of more than 10kPa, the compression recovery rate of 30-98% and the thermal conductivity of 0.01-0.1W/(m.K).
9. An aerogel fibrous packing material as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the aerogel fibrous packing material macroscopically behaves as a batt or fiber mat; and/or, the aerogel fibrous fill material exhibits a wholly hydrophobic, wholly hydrophilic, partially hydrophilic, or partially hydrophobic character.
10. Use of the aerogel fiber fill material of any of claims 8-9 in the fields of thermal insulation, core filling, structural support, infrared emission, electromagnetic shielding, photo-thermal or sterilization.
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| CN113398895A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-17 | 同济大学 | Preparation method of graphene oxide composite aerogel with alignment channel and thermal response |
| CN113645820A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-11-12 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of MXene-CNT/carbon aerogel composite material |
| CN113873859A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-31 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of CoFe @ MXene/carbon aerogel composite material |
| CN114804818A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-07-29 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | Low-cost aerogel composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115637022A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-01-24 | 湖北大学 | Macroporous oriented silver nanowire aerogel/epoxy resin composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115748238A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-07 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Aerogel-based energy-absorbing material, and preparation method and application thereof |
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