CN112813463A - Method for preparing rare earth metal or rare earth alloy - Google Patents

Method for preparing rare earth metal or rare earth alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112813463A
CN112813463A CN202010339860.3A CN202010339860A CN112813463A CN 112813463 A CN112813463 A CN 112813463A CN 202010339860 A CN202010339860 A CN 202010339860A CN 112813463 A CN112813463 A CN 112813463A
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rare earth
alloy
oxyfluoride
earth metal
raw material
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龚斌
章立志
肖勇
郭雪锋
廖洪国
谢楠
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Ganzhou Qiandong Rare Earth Group Co ltd
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Ganzhou Qiandong Rare Earth Group Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/36—Alloys obtained by cathodic reduction of all their ions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/34—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
    • C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing rare earth metal or rare earth alloy, belonging to the technical field of rare earth pyrometallurgy. Adding a rare earth raw material into a rare earth electrolytic cell, and electrolyzing by direct current in a rare earth fluoride molten salt system to obtain rare earth metal or rare earth alloy, wherein the rare earth raw material comprises rare earth oxyfluoride; the rare earth raw material is dissolved in the molten salt (electrolyte) quickly under the condition of not changing the existing equipment for producing rare earth metal or alloy, fluoride molten salt electrolysis system and control method thereof, and the like, and the method has the advantages of low power consumption, good quality and the like, is insensitive to an intermittent feeding mode in production, ensures that the production process is easy to control, the yield is high, the current efficiency is improved, and the consumption of graphite can be reduced.

Description

Method for preparing rare earth metal or rare earth alloy
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for smelting rare earth by a pyrogenic process, in particular to a method for preparing rare earth metal or rare earth ferroalloy by molten salt electrolysis. Belongs to the technical field of rare earth metallurgy methods.
Background
The Chinese patent application with publication number CN109487301A, 03 and 19 in 2019, discloses a method for producing rare earth metals or alloys, and provides a method for accurately collecting the weight of discharged products of the previous furnace through a weighing system and transmitting the weight to a control system, calculating the total amount of accurate charging required by the furnace according to the weight of the discharged products of the previous furnace by the control system, and instructing the charging system to continuously and uniformly charge, wherein the steps of continuous circulation are carried out in such a way that accurate charging required by electrolysis of each furnace is realized, and rare earth metals or alloys with stable product quality are obtained through electrolysis. According to the technical scheme, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, the product quality is improved, the production is stabilized, and accurate feeding and feeding according to needs in the rare earth electrolysis process are really realized. The method is simple in operation and implementation process and low in maintenance rate, greatly improves production efficiency, reduces production cost, and lays a solid foundation for industrialization and informatization of industry.
The traditional method for electrolyzing rare earth metal and alloy by molten salt is to electrolyze by taking rare earth oxide or mixture of rare earth oxide and fluoride as raw materials in a rare earth fluoride molten salt system. The rare earth oxide has high preparation cost and low solubility in a rare earth fluoride molten salt system, the raw material feeding amount is small and uniform as much as possible during electrolysis, and the fluctuation of the electrolysis current cannot be large. Intermittent feeding or uneven continuous feeding easily causes rare earth raw materials such as rare earth oxides to cause too much molten salt viscosity to be large, raw materials are deposited outside an electrolysis area to form sediments, molten salt viscosity is increased, molten salt resistance is increased, electrolysis current is reduced, normal production is influenced, and therefore yield is small, quality fluctuation is large, and requirements for feeding uniformity and electrolysis current fluctuation are high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing rare earth metal or rare earth alloy, which uses rare earth oxyfluoride or a mixture of rare earth oxyfluoride and rare earth oxide to replace rare earth oxide as a raw material for fused salt electrolysis of rare earth metal and rare earth alloy and adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing rare earth metal or rare earth alloy comprises the steps of adding a rare earth raw material into a rare earth electrolytic cell, and electrolyzing by direct current in a fluoride molten salt system to obtain the rare earth metal or the rare earth alloy, wherein the rare earth raw material comprises rare earth oxyfluoride.
In one preferable technical scheme of the invention, the rare earth raw material further comprises rare earth oxide.
In another preferable technical scheme of the invention, the rare earth raw material also comprises rare earth oxide, and the proportion of rare earth oxyfluoride in the rare earth raw material is 1-100% (by weight). Preferably, the rare earth oxyfluoride content in the rare earth raw material is 10-100% (by weight). More preferably, the rare earth oxyfluoride content of the rare earth raw material is 50-100 wt%. Most preferably, the rare earth oxyfluoride content of the rare earth starting material is 100% by weight.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rare earth oxyfluoride is YOF and/or Y5O4F7。
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio YOF: y is5O4F7＝1：1。
In another preferable technical scheme of the invention, the rare earth alloy is magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy.
In another preferable technical scheme of the invention, the electrolysis takes iron as a cathode.
In another preferable technical scheme of the invention, the molecular formula of the rare earth oxyfluoride is REzOxFy.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rare earth oxyfluoride contains crystal water.
In another preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the rare earth is at least one of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium.
In another preferable technical scheme of the invention, the molecular formula of the rare earth oxyfluoride is REzOxFy.
According to the invention, part of rare earth oxyfluoride or all of rare earth oxyfluoride is added into the raw materials for rare earth molten salt electrolysis, so that the solubility of rare earth ions in molten salt is increased and/or the dissolution speed of the raw materials is accelerated, and under the conditions that the existing equipment for rare earth metal or alloy production, fluoride molten salt electrolysis system and control method thereof (such as molten salt replenishment, rare earth fluoride replenishment and lithium fluoride replenishment) are not changed, the rare earth raw materials are dissolved in molten salt (electrolyte) quickly, and the intermittent feeding mode is not sensitive in production, so that the production process is easy to control, the yield is high, the power consumption is low, the quality is good, and the like, and the current efficiency is improved.
The rare earth metal or alloy is produced by adopting rare earth oxyfluoride to replace all or part of rare earth oxide as a raw material, so that the consumption of graphite can be reduced.
Detailed Description
Comparative example 1
Adopts a phi 450mm round graphite electrolytic tank with a tail gas suction and treatment system, the cathode material is tungsten, and the electrolyte is NdF3LiF is 10: 1. Uniformly and continuously adding the uniformly mixed neodymium oxide and neodymium fluoride on the surface of a molten electrolyte, slowly dissolving the mixture in the electrolyte, and electrolyzing by using direct current with the average current of 5000A to prepare metallic neodymium. In order to improve current efficiency, it is better that the relevant process conditions fluctuate as little as possible. Such as the addition of the electrolysis feed should be kept as continuous, uniform, etc., as possible. The product-related parameters are detailed in column number 1 of the table. The average carbon content of the obtained metallic neodymium product is about 210 ppm.
Example one
The neodymium oxyfluoride is used to replace the neodymium oxide in the comparative example, and the metallic neodymium is prepared by using the same electrolytic metallic neodymium and the same other technological parameters under the same tank type, the same production time, the same electrolytic current and other technological conditions. The relevant parameters are detailed in column 2 of the first sequence number of the table.
Example two
The weight ratio of 1: 1, the neodymium oxyfluoride and the neodymium oxide replace the neodymium oxyfluoride in the embodiment one, and the metal neodymium is prepared by the same process parameters. The relevant parameters are detailed in column 3 of the first sequence number of the table.
Watch 1
Figure BDA0002468177150000031
The specific electric consumption and the specific electric consumption of the anode in the table I are the same as those of the comparative example I, No. 1 and Nd2O3The C qualification rate refers to the ratio that the content of C in the metallic neodymium product does not exceed 300ppm on the basis of the electricity consumption and the anode consumption when the metallic neodymium product is used as a main raw material. (the same applies to the tables below).
The control of each process parameter in the electrolysis process of the first embodiment and the second embodiment is looser than that of the first embodiment, and the effects are better than those of the first embodiment. The feeding mode can adopt continuous and uniform feeding and also can adopt intermittent feeding, the influence is little, and because the solubility of the neodymium oxyfluoride is large, the dissolution speed is high, the yield is high, and the sediment is not easy to generate.
Example one metallic neodymium product was obtained having an average carbon content of about 120 ppm.
Comparative example No. two
Adopting a round graphite electrolytic cell with the same comparative example and the same model diameter of 450mm, wherein the cathode material is tungsten, and the electrolyte is CeF3LiF is 8: 1. The cerium oxide and the cerium fluoride which are uniformly mixed are continuously added into a molten electrolyte at a constant speed, and the direct current with the average current of 5000A is used for electrolysis to prepare the metal cerium. The relevant parameters are detailed in the column No. 1 in the following table.
EXAMPLE III
Cerium oxide fluoride is used to replace the cerium oxide and cerium fluoride in the first comparative example, and the metal cerium is prepared in the same production time and with the same other technological parameters. The relevant parameters are detailed in the column 2 of the second serial number in the following table.
Watch two
Figure BDA0002468177150000032
Comparative example No. three
Adopting a round graphite electrolytic cell with the same comparative example and the same model diameter of 450mm, wherein the cathode material is iron, and the electrolyte is GdF3LiF is 10: 1. The evenly mixed gadolinium oxide and gadolinium fluoride are continuously added into the molten electrolyte at a constant speed, and direct current electrolysis is carried out at the average current of 5000A to prepare the gadolinium-iron alloy. The relevant parameters are detailed in the column of the third serial number 1 in the following table.
Example four
Gadolinium oxyfluoride is used for replacing gadolinium oxide and gadolinium fluoride in the third comparative example, and the other process parameters are the same to prepare the gadolinium-iron alloy. The related parameters are detailed in the column of the third serial number 2 in the following table.
Watch III
Figure BDA0002468177150000041
In the table, the gadolinium is folded by gadolinium-iron alloy, which means that gadolinium element contained in gadolinium-iron alloy is folded into 100% of gadolinium element.
Comparative example No. four
Adopts a phi 450mm round graphite electrolytic tank, the cathode material is iron, and the electrolyte is YF3LiF is 18: 1. Will be uniform Y2O3And YF3The mixture is continuously added into molten electrolyte at a constant speed, and is electrolyzed by direct current with the average current of 4000A to prepare the yttrium iron alloy. The relevant parameters are shown in the column No. 1 in the table four below.
EXAMPLE five
The weight ratio YOF: y is5O4F7The yttrium oxide and yttrium fluoride described in comparative example IV are replaced by the mixture of 1, and the other technological parameters are the same to prepare the metal yttrium iron alloy. The relevant parameters are detailed in the fourth column No. 2 in the following table.
Watch four
Figure BDA0002468177150000042
In the table, the yttrium folding of the yttrium iron alloy means that the yttrium element contained in the yttrium iron alloy is folded into 100% of yttrium element.
Comparative example five
Adopts a phi 450mm round graphite electrolytic tank, the cathode material is tungsten, and the electrolyte is LaF3LiF is 3: 1. La2O3Continuously adding the mixture into molten electrolyte at a constant speed, and electrolyzing by using direct current with the average current of 5000A to prepare the metal lanthanum. The relevant parameters are shown in the column No. 1 in the table four below.
EXAMPLE six
The weight ratio LaOF: la2O31: 19 or LaOF: la2O31: 99 instead of La as described in comparative example five2O3And preparing metal lanthanum with the same technological parameters. The related parameters are respectively detailed in the fifth column No. 2 or the column No. 3 in the following table.
Watch five
Figure BDA0002468177150000051
As can be seen from Table five, in La2O3And the production condition and quality of the metal lanthanum can be effectively improved by adding a small amount of LaOF.
The above are only some preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any equivalent changes made on the basis of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing rare earth metal or rare earth alloy is characterized in that rare earth raw materials comprise rare earth oxyfluoride.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rare earth source material further comprises a rare earth oxide.
3. The method for producing a rare earth metal or a rare earth alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rare earth oxyfluoride is contained in an amount of 5 to 100% by weight in the rare earth raw material.
4. The method of preparing a rare earth metal or rare earth alloy of claim 3, wherein the rare earth oxyfluoride: rare earth oxide 1: 1 (weight).
5. The method for producing a rare earth metal or a rare earth alloy according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth oxyfluoride is YOF and/or Y5O4F7。
6. The method for producing a rare earth metal or a rare earth alloy according to claim 5, wherein the weight ratio of YOF: y is5O4F7＝1。
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the rare earth alloy is a magnesium alloy or an aluminum alloy.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolysis is performed with iron as a cathode.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the rare earth is at least one of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and yttrium.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the rare earth oxyfluoride has a general formula of ZOxFy.
CN202010339860.3A 2020-04-26 2020-04-26 Method for preparing rare earth metal or rare earth alloy Pending CN112813463A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113897641A (en) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-07 四川省乐山市科百瑞新材料有限公司 Electrolysis method for reducing generation amount of rare earth metal molten salt slag
CN114277406A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-04-05 赣州市天成稀土新材料工贸有限公司 Preparation method of rare earth erbium-iron alloy and rare earth erbium-iron alloy
CN114438550A (en) * 2022-02-12 2022-05-06 内蒙古益飞铽冶金科技有限公司 Rare earth fluoride system electrolysis process for producing metal samarium
CN114988410A (en) * 2022-06-13 2022-09-02 赣州晨光稀土新材料有限公司 Rare earth carbide material and preparation method and application thereof

Citations (2)

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US4828658A (en) * 1987-04-21 1989-05-09 Aluminium Pechiney Process for the preparation of mother alloys of iron and neodymium by electrolysis of oxygen-bearing salts in a medium of molten fluorides
JPH06128785A (en) * 1992-10-15 1994-05-10 Mitsubishi Kasei Corp Production of samarium metal or samarium alloy

Patent Citations (2)

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US4828658A (en) * 1987-04-21 1989-05-09 Aluminium Pechiney Process for the preparation of mother alloys of iron and neodymium by electrolysis of oxygen-bearing salts in a medium of molten fluorides
JPH06128785A (en) * 1992-10-15 1994-05-10 Mitsubishi Kasei Corp Production of samarium metal or samarium alloy

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113897641A (en) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-07 四川省乐山市科百瑞新材料有限公司 Electrolysis method for reducing generation amount of rare earth metal molten salt slag
CN114277406A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-04-05 赣州市天成稀土新材料工贸有限公司 Preparation method of rare earth erbium-iron alloy and rare earth erbium-iron alloy
CN114438550A (en) * 2022-02-12 2022-05-06 内蒙古益飞铽冶金科技有限公司 Rare earth fluoride system electrolysis process for producing metal samarium
CN114988410A (en) * 2022-06-13 2022-09-02 赣州晨光稀土新材料有限公司 Rare earth carbide material and preparation method and application thereof
CN114988410B (en) * 2022-06-13 2023-11-21 赣州晨光稀土新材料有限公司 Rare earth carbide material and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20210518