CN112813367B - Preparation method of 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging - Google Patents
Preparation method of 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging, which comprises the following steps: A. homogenizing a 7XXX series aluminum alloy cast ingot; B. hot extruding the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment into a bar; C. and (3) rotating the hot extruded bar to pass through a mechanical ultrasonic vibration device at a fixed position to obtain the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging device with four symmetrically distributed pressure heads is used for processing the hot extrusion bar, so that the uniform precipitation of the nanoscale precipitated phase in the alloy, the nanocrystallization of crystal grains on the surface layer and the gradient distribution of the crystal grain size are promoted, the surface quality and uniformity are good, the strength and toughness and the fatigue resistance of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy are obviously improved, and the combination of ultrahigh strength and good plasticity is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing, in particular to a preparation method of a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging.
Background
Because the 7XXX series aluminum alloy has a series of advantages of high strength, low density, good processing performance, stress corrosion cracking resistance and the like, the aluminum alloy is often processed into various sections and widely applied to the fields of rail transit, aerospace, national defense and military and the like. The 7XXX series aluminum alloy (mainly comprising two main alloy series of Al-Zn-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) is a typical precipitation strengthening type aluminum alloy, and the metastable precipitation phases of nano or submicron Mg-Zn or Al-Mg-Zn and the like are precipitated in the alloy by controlling an effective aging process, so that the strength of the alloy can be obviously improved, and the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy can be obtained.
The conventional processing technology of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy section comprises the following steps: homogenizing treatment → hot extrusion → solution treatment → aging treatment. The solution treatment of the alloy after extrusion is to dissolve larger second phases precipitated in the extrusion process into the matrix again so as to improve the effect of subsequent aging treatment. However, even a short high temperature solution treatment causes the growth of recrystallized grains while dissolving the second phase, thereby reducing the strength and plasticity of the alloy to some extent. And when the extruded alloy is directly subjected to artificial aging without solution treatment, the strengthening effect is limited. Therefore, how to fully utilize the aging strengthening phase to improve the performance of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy has been a research hotspot of the industry and the academia for a long time. In recent years, a series of heat treatment processes such as multi-stage solid solution, strengthening solid solution, high-temperature pre-precipitation, solid solution cooling treatment, multi-stage aging and the like are successively developed to improve the distribution of precipitated phases in the 7XXX series alloy so as to improve the mechanical property of the alloy. Although the above heat treatment process has a certain effect on improving the performance of the 7XXX series alloy, the production period of the alloy is shortened, and the corresponding fatigue resistance performance of the alloy is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging aiming at the problems in the prior art; the preparation method combines thermal extrusion and mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness 7XXX series aluminum alloy, the mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging is used for replacing the traditional solid solution and artificial aging, the limitation existing in the existing traditional 7XXX series alloy section processing can be improved, the remarkable effect of gradient distribution precipitation phase strengthening is fully exerted, the strength and toughness and fatigue resistance of the 7XXX series alloy are improved, and the required time is remarkably shortened.
The invention aims to solve the problems by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. homogenizing: homogenizing a 7XXX series aluminum alloy cast ingot;
B. hot extrusion: hot extruding the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment into a bar;
C. ultrasonic rolling: and (3) rotating the hot extruded bar to pass through a mechanical ultrasonic vibration device at a fixed position to obtain the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging.
And C, carrying out homogenization treatment in the step A at the temperature of 460-480 ℃ for 6-24 h, and carrying out air cooling after the homogenization treatment is finished.
And C, performing water quenching treatment after extrusion, wherein the processing temperature of hot extrusion in the step B is 460-480 ℃, the extrusion rate is 0.6-1.2 m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 15-35.
And C, uniformly distributing the ultrasonic pressure heads of the mechanical ultrasonic vibration device in the step C in the circumferential direction of the bar.
And C, arranging the ultrasonic pressure heads of the mechanical ultrasonic vibration devices in the step C in the same vertical plane in the bar material advancing direction.
And C, the mechanical ultrasonic vibration device in the step C comprises four cylindrical ultrasonic pressure heads which are symmetrically distributed.
The ultrasonic pressure heads are arranged in the same vertical plane in the bar material advancing direction in a vertically symmetrical and left-right symmetrical mode.
The working frequency of an ultrasonic pressure head of the mechanical ultrasonic vibration device in the step C is 20kHz, the maximum contact pressure is 50-100N, the diameter of the ultrasonic pressure head is D cm, the diameter of the hot-extruded bar is D cm, the rotation rate of the bar is 60D/pi D rpm, and the advancing rate of the bar is 240D2/πD cm/min。
The diameter D of the ultrasonic pressure head is 0.5-3 cm, and D is less than D/5.
The yield strength of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar in the step C is not lower than 565MPa, the tensile strength is not lower than 618MPa, and the elongation is not lower than 15%.
The technical means adopted by the invention is that firstly, the segregation of the as-cast alloy is eliminated through homogenization treatment, the extrusion plasticity is improved, and the second phase is dissolved to obtain a supersaturated solid solution; then, hot extrusion is carried out on the 7XXX series aluminum alloy at a higher extrusion temperature, so that dynamic precipitation of a second phase in the alloy is reduced while the structure is refined; finally, under the action of mechanical ultrasound, dynamic precipitation of GP zone and nano eta' precipitation phase and nanocrystallization of surface crystal grains are realized, and surface layer gradient distribution of crystal grain size along the radial direction is formed.
By adopting four ultrasonic pressure heads which are symmetrically distributed in the mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging, the extruded bar does not deviate from the central shaft under the mechanical ultrasonic action, and the size precision and the surface roughness of the bar are favorably controlled. In order to achieve a uniform ultrasonic vibration effect on the surface of the bar, the rotation and advancement rates of the bar are further defined and, in relation to the size of the bar and the ultrasonic head, are 60D/π D revolutions/min and 240D, respectively2And the/pi D cm/min can ensure that the mechanical ultrasonic vibration uniformly acts on the surface of the bar after the mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging begins, and promote the uniform precipitation of the nanoscale precipitated phase and the surface uniformity of the grain size gradient distribution. In addition, the maximum contact pressure of the pressure head is controlled to be 50-100N (namely, after any pressure head is in contact with the bar and the generated pressure reaches the set maximum pressure value, the pressure head begins to rebound and enters the next vibration period), and the mechanical vibration aging degree and the thickness of the surface gradient layer can be adjusted according to the size of the bar.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
compared with the prior art, the preparation method has the following advantages:
1) the preparation process comprises the following steps: the solid solution and artificial aging process of the bar after hot extrusion is omitted, and the preparation flow and time are shortened; and the length of the bar is not limited, and the mechanical vibration aging treatment of the bar with large length can be realized.
2) And (3) microstructure control: proper bar rotating speed and advancing speed are selected according to the diameter of the bar and the diameter of the ultrasonic pressure head, and are matched with each other, so that the homogenization of the mechanical ultrasonic vibration of the surface is easy to realize; by controlling the maximum contact pressure of the pressure head, the size and volume fraction regulation of GP zones and nanoscale precipitated phases and the thickness regulation of the surface nanometer gradient layer can be realized.
3) Mechanical properties: based on the obvious strengthening effect of the high-density GP zone and the nano-scale precipitated phase, the strength of the alloy is improved; based on the gradient nano structure of the surface layer and the fine grain structure of the core part, the plasticity of the alloy is improved, and comprehensive toughness is obtained; based on the compact structure and relatively small roughness of the surface layer and the residual compressive stress of the surface layer, the fatigue resistance of the alloy is obviously higher than that of the conventional 7XXX series aluminum alloy and the similar aluminum alloy prepared by an ultrasonic rolling process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of an ultrasonic pressure head and an aluminum alloy bar in the mechanical ultrasonic vibration device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state in which a hot-extruded bar of the present invention is subjected to mechanical ultrasonic vibration processing.
Wherein: 1-bar material; 2-mechanical ultrasonic vibration device; and 3, ultrasonic pressure head.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-2: a preparation method of a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging comprises the following steps: A. homogenizing: homogenizing a 7XXX series aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 460-480 ℃, the time is 6-24 hours, and air cooling is carried out after the homogenization treatment is finished; B. hot extrusion: hot extruding the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment into a bar 1 with the diameter of D cm, wherein the processing temperature of the hot extrusion is 460-480 ℃, the extrusion rate is 0.6-1.2 m/min, the extrusion ratio is 15-35, and water quenching treatment is carried out after the extrusion; C. ultrasonic rolling: the mechanical ultrasonic vibration device 2 comprises four ultrasonic pressure heads 3 which are symmetrically distributed, the diameter of each cylindrical ultrasonic pressure head 3 is d cm, wherein d is 0.5-3 cm, and d is<D/5; when the ultrasonic pressure head works, the working frequency of the ultrasonic pressure head 3 is 20kHz, the maximum contact pressure is 50-100N, the rotation rate of the rod 1 is 60D/pi D (revolution per minute), and the advancing rate of the rod 1 is 240D2π D cm/min; rotating the hot extruded rod 1 through mechanical ultrasonic vibration at a fixed positionAnd 2, obtaining the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging, wherein the yield strength of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar is not lower than 565MPa, the tensile strength of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar is not lower than 618MPa, and the elongation of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar is not lower than 15%.
Example one
Homogenizing the 7050 aluminum alloy ingot at 470 ℃ for 20 hours, and then air-cooling; carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot subjected to air cooling at 480 ℃, wherein the extrusion ratio is 35, the extrusion speed is 1m/min, and carrying out water cooling treatment after extrusion to obtain a bar material 1 with the diameter of 3 cm; and (3) rotating the hot extruded bar 1 to pass through a mechanical ultrasonic vibration device 2 at a fixed position, wherein the diameter of a cylindrical ultrasonic pressure head 3 is 0.5cm, the working frequency of the ultrasonic pressure head 3 is 20kHz, the maximum contact stress is 80N, the rotation rate of the bar 1 is 3.18 r/min, the advancing rate of the bar 1 is 6.37cm/min, and the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging is obtained after processing.
Example two
Homogenizing the 7050 aluminum alloy ingot at 460 ℃ for 6h, and then air-cooling; carrying out hot extrusion on the ingot after air cooling at 470 ℃, wherein the extrusion ratio is 15, the extrusion speed is 0.6m/min, and carrying out water cooling treatment after extrusion to obtain a bar material 1 with the diameter of 20 cm; and (3) rotating the hot extruded bar 1 to pass through a mechanical ultrasonic vibration device 2 at a fixed position, wherein the diameter of a cylindrical ultrasonic pressure head 3 is 3cm, the working frequency of the ultrasonic pressure head 3 is 20kHz, the maximum contact stress is 100N, the rotation speed of the bar 1 is 2.86 rpm, the advancing speed of the bar 1 is 34.38cm/min, and the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging is obtained after processing.
EXAMPLE III
Homogenizing the 7050 aluminum alloy ingot at 480 ℃ for 24 hours, and then air-cooling; carrying out hot extrusion on the ingot after air cooling at 460 ℃, wherein the extrusion ratio is 25, the extrusion speed is 1.2m/min, and carrying out water cooling treatment after extrusion to obtain a bar material 1 with the diameter of 5 cm; and (3) rotating the hot extruded bar 1 to pass through a mechanical ultrasonic vibration device 2 at a fixed position, wherein the diameter of a cylindrical ultrasonic pressure head 3 is 0.5cm, the working frequency of the ultrasonic pressure head 3 is 20kHz, the maximum contact stress is 60N, the rotation rate of the bar 1 is 1.91 r/min, the advancing rate of the bar 1 is 3.82cm/min, and the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging is obtained after processing.
Example four
Homogenizing the 7075 aluminum alloy ingot at 480 ℃ for 20h, and then air-cooling; carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot subjected to air cooling at 480 ℃, wherein the extrusion ratio is 35, the extrusion speed is 1m/min, and carrying out water cooling treatment after extrusion to obtain a bar material 1 with the diameter of 3 cm; and (3) rotating the hot extruded bar 1 to pass through a mechanical ultrasonic vibration device 2 at a fixed position, wherein the diameter of a cylindrical ultrasonic pressure head 3 is 0.5cm, the working frequency of the ultrasonic pressure head 3 is 20kHz, the maximum contact stress is 60N, the rotation rate of the bar 1 is 3.18 r/min, the advancing rate of the bar 1 is 6.37cm/min, and the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging is obtained after processing.
Room temperature tensile mechanical property tests are carried out on the aluminum alloys obtained in the first to fourth examples, and the test results of the first example are compared with the documents [1] to [2 ]; the test results of example four were compared with documents [3] to [4 ]. The reference documents are specifically: document [1] (the journal of metals, 2017, 53(9), 1075-; specific data for comparison are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 tensile mechanical Properties at room temperature of alloys of example one of the present invention and of documents [1] to [2]
| 7050 alloy | Processing technology | Yield strength | Tensile strength | Elongation percentage |
| Example one | The invention | 573MPa | 621MPa | 18％ |
| Document [1]] | T7651 | 455MPa | 524MPa | 8％ |
| Document [2]] | Homogenizing annealing, hot extrusion, solid solution and regression re-aging | 560MPa | 590MPa | 11％ |
As can be seen from Table 1, the 7050 aluminum alloy obtained in the first example has a yield strength of 573MPa, a tensile strength higher than 600MPa, and an elongation of 18%, and a good combination of strength and plasticity is obtained; compared with the existing commercial 7050 aviation aluminum alloy (7050-T7651, American aluminum industry company) disclosed in the document [1] and the conventional 7050 alloy in a hot extrusion state disclosed in the document [2], the strength and the elongation of the alloy obtained in the first embodiment of the invention are both remarkably improved.
TABLE 2 tensile mechanical properties at room temperature of alloys of example four of the present invention and of documents [3] to [4]
| 7075 alloy | Processing technology | Yield strength | Tensile strength | Elongation percentage |
| Example four | The invention | 587MPa | 649MPa | 15.6％ |
| Document [3] | Quick solidification, extrusion, solid solution and aging | 590MPa | 653MPa | 6.3％ |
| Document [4]] | Semi-solid preparation, extrusion, solid solution and aging | 611MPa | 652MPa | 10.7％ |
As can be seen from Table 2, the 7075 aluminum alloy obtained in example four had a yield strength of 587MPa, a tensile strength of 649MPa, and an elongation of 15.6%. Compared with 7075 aluminum alloy obtained by adopting semi-solid preparation or rapid solidification to obtain an ingot and carrying out subsequent conventional processing in the references [3] and [4], the alloy obtained in the fourth embodiment of the invention has basically equivalent strength, but has significantly better plasticity.
In conclusion, the preparation method of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on the mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging can remarkably improve the toughness of the alloy and realize the combination of ultrahigh strength and good plasticity.
The preparation method combines thermal extrusion and mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness 7XXX series aluminum alloy, replaces the traditional solid solution and artificial aging by utilizing the mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging, can improve the limitation existing in the existing traditional 7XXX series alloy section processing, fully plays the remarkable role of gradient distributed precipitation phase strengthening, improves the strength and high-fatigue resistance of the 7XXX series alloy, and obviously shortens the required time.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention; the technology not related to the invention can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. homogenizing: homogenizing a 7XXX series aluminum alloy cast ingot;
B. hot extrusion: hot extruding the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment into a bar;
C. ultrasonic rolling: rotating the bar subjected to hot extrusion through a mechanical ultrasonic vibration device at a fixed position to obtain a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging;
the working frequency of an ultrasonic pressure head of the mechanical ultrasonic vibration device in the step C is 20kHz, the maximum contact pressure is 50-100N, and the diameter of the ultrasonic pressure head isdcm and the diameter of the hot-extruded rod isDcm, bar rotation rate of 60d/πDRpm and bar advancing rate of 240d 2/πD cm/min。
2. The method of preparing a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibratory aging of claim 1, wherein: and C, carrying out homogenization treatment in the step A at the temperature of 460-480 ℃ for 6-24 h, and carrying out air cooling after the homogenization treatment is finished.
3. The method of preparing a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibratory aging of claim 1, wherein: and C, performing water quenching treatment after extrusion, wherein the processing temperature of hot extrusion in the step B is 460-480 ℃, the extrusion rate is 0.6-1.2 m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 15-35.
4. The method of preparing a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibratory aging of claim 1, wherein: and C, uniformly distributing the ultrasonic pressure heads of the mechanical ultrasonic vibration device in the step C in the circumferential direction of the bar.
5. The method of preparing a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibratory aging of claim 1, wherein: and C, arranging the ultrasonic pressure heads of the mechanical ultrasonic vibration devices in the step C in the same vertical plane in the bar material advancing direction.
6. The method of preparing a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging as claimed in any of claims 1, 4 and 5, wherein: and C, the mechanical ultrasonic vibration device in the step C comprises four cylindrical ultrasonic pressure heads which are symmetrically distributed.
7. The method of preparing a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibratory aging of claim 6, wherein: the ultrasonic pressure heads are arranged in the same vertical plane in the bar material advancing direction in a vertically symmetrical and left-right symmetrical mode.
8. The mechanical ultrasonic vibration aging-based 7XXX series of claim 1The preparation method of the aluminum alloy bar is characterized by comprising the following steps: diameter of the ultrasonic pressure headd0.5 to 3cm, andd<D/5。
9. the method of preparing a 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar based on mechanical ultrasonic vibratory aging of claim 1, wherein: the yield strength of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy bar in the step C is not lower than 565MPa, the tensile strength is not lower than 618MPa, and the elongation is not lower than 15%.
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