CN112813291B - Method for enriching and recovering low-concentration rare earth ions by using modified montmorillonite - Google Patents
Method for enriching and recovering low-concentration rare earth ions by using modified montmorillonite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for enriching and recovering low-concentration rare earth ions by using modified montmorilloniteThe method belongs to the technical field of rare earth ion enrichment and comprises the following steps; s1, preparing modified montmorillonite: mixing montmorillonite with H 2 SO 4 Mixing the solutions, heating and stirring the mixed solution in water bath at the temperature of between 60 and 100 ℃ for 2 to 5 hours to obtain modified montmorillonite; s2, adsorbing rare earth ions: putting the modified montmorillonite prepared in the step S1 into a medium containing low-concentration rare earth ions, and oscillating for 10-17 hours to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture; s3, solid-liquid separation: performing suction filtration separation, and collecting filter residue of the rare earth ion carrier mixture; s4, drying the filter residue obtained in the step S3 to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture solid; s5. Rare earth ion carrier mixture solid and (NH 4) 2 SO 4 Mixing, stirring and centrifuging to obtain filtrate rich in rare earth ions. The invention enlarges the space of the montmorillonite crystal structure layer, weakens the interlayer bonding force, has looser structure, improves the adsorption capacity to rare earth ions by about 8 to 11 times, and has the elution rate higher than 90 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rare earth ion enrichment, and particularly relates to a method for enriching and recovering low-concentration rare earth ions by using modified montmorillonite.
Background
The rare earth elements are composed of scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y) and 15 lanthanides: lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu). They are widely used in the production of magnets, alloys, catalysts, batteries, medical devices and superconductors, called "industrial vitamins", and have extremely important application values, in which the more valuable medium and heavy rare earths are concentrated on weathering crust eluviation type rare earth ores in the form of rare earth hydrated ions or hydroxihydrated ions. In general, the method of leaching by solution is used in industry, rare earth ions are replaced in rare earth leaching agent solution by ion exchange method to obtain rare earth leaching solution, and then the rare earth is precipitated and recovered from the rare earth leaching solution by precipitation method. However, a large amount of rare earth precipitation mother liquor with low concentration is directly discharged, which causes waste of rare earth resources and environmental pollution.
The published Chinese patent with application number CN201310334924.0 discloses a method for adsorbing and separating low-concentration rare earth ions by graphene oxide colloid, the method utilizes the screening characteristics of a dialysis membrane and the strong rare earth ion adsorption performance of the graphene oxide colloid, the graphene oxide colloid is packaged in the dialysis bag and put in a rare earth ion solution, the rare earth ions are quickly and efficiently adsorbed by the dialysis membrane, the separation and enrichment of the rare earth ions are realized, the rare earth ions can be efficiently desorbed after the graphene oxide adsorbing the ions is treated by an acid solution, and the graphene oxide can be regenerated and recycled, and the graphene oxide in the dialysis bag cannot pass through the dialysis bag and does not enter the adsorbed aqueous solution. However, the application has a slow water treatment speed and has a large restriction in industrial production.
In industry, a large amount of weathered crust leaching type rare earth ore tailings after being washed are piled up in a heap leaching field, the main components are montmorillonite, halloysite, illite, kaolin and the like, and the montmorillonite has the best adsorbability. Montmorillonite is a clay mineral composed of two silica tetrahedra and one aluminoxy octahedra. Due to the properties of a layered structure, large specific surface area, exchangeable interlayer cations, good adsorption performance and adsorption sites on the interlayer, the outer side and the edge, the composite adsorbent can be used as an adsorbent with excellent performance. But its mineral structure, surface negative charge and interlayer impurities limit its industrial application. In the prior art, ion exchange resin or other chemical synthetic materials are usually adopted to enrich and recover low-concentration rare earth ions, but the problems of low recovery rate, environmental pollution and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for enriching and recovering low-concentration rare earth ions by using modified montmorillonite, which can enlarge the space between montmorillonite crystal structure layers, weaken the interlayer bonding force, enlarge the specific surface area of particles, loosen the structure, improve the adsorption capacity of rare earth ions by about 8-11 times, improve the elution rate to be higher than 90%, realize the purpose of enriching and recovering the low-concentration rare earth ions, and effectively avoid the waste of rare earth resources and the environmental pollution.
The invention relates to a method for enriching and recovering low-concentration rare earth ions by using modified montmorillonite, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing modified montmorillonite: mixing montmorillonite with H 2 SO 4 Mixing the solutions, heating in water bath at 60-100 deg.C under stirring for 2-5 hr, centrifuging, filtering, eluting the lower layer solid with deionized water until eluate is neutral, centrifuging, oven drying the obtained solid at 50-100 deg.C to obtain modified montmorillonite, and mixing the montmorillonite and H 2 SO 4 The solid-liquid ratio of the solution is 1 2 SO 4 The volume ratio concentration of the solution is 3-10%, and the particle size of the montmorillonite is less than or equal to 45 micrometers;
s2, adsorbing rare earth ions: putting the modified montmorillonite prepared in the step S1 into a medium (generally a solution containing rare earth ions) containing low-concentration rare earth ions, and oscillating for 10-17 hours to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture;
s3, solid-liquid separation: after the rare earth ionophore mixture in the step S2 is vibrated uniformly, performing suction filtration and separation by using a centrifugal machine, and collecting filter residues of the rare earth ionophore mixture;
s4, drying the rare earth ion carrier mixture: drying the filter residue obtained in the step S3 in an oven at 50-100 ℃ for about 24 hours, and grinding the dried solid phase for later use to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture solid;
s5, rare earth ion elution and enrichment: mixing the solid of the rare earth ion carrier mixture prepared in the step S4 with 0.05-0.3mol/L (NH) 4 ) 2 SO 4 Mixing and stirring for 2-6h, centrifuging to separate solid and liquid phases, collecting filtrate containing rare earth ions, and mixing the rare earth ion carrier mixture solid with (NH) 4 ) 2 SO 4 The solid-liquid ratio of (1) is 10-20;
s6, recovering the modified montmorillonite adsorbent carrier: the modified montmorillonite eluted by ammonium sulfate can be dried again and can be recycled after grinding.
The invention makes montmorillonite pass through H 2 SO 4 The modified product is used as an adsorption carrier. Montmorillonite is a substance which can better adsorb rare earth ions and passes through H 2 SO 4 The modified montmorillonite is acidified, so that the adsorption capacity of the montmorillonite on rare earth ions is greatly improved, and the enrichment and recovery capacity of low-concentration rare earth elements is favorably improved.
The present invention mixes montmorillonite and 1% -10% (by volume ratio) of H 2 SO 4 Mixing according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1. The montmorillonite composite material is beneficial to converting interlayer impurities of montmorillonite into soluble salt to be dissolved out, so that interlayer pores of the montmorillonite are enlarged, the filling power is higher, the interlayer spacing and the surface area of the montmorillonite are enlarged, and under the condition that the structure of the montmorillonite is not damaged, the interlayer spacing of the montmorillonite is changed from d (001) =1.482nm to 1.578nm, and the filling power is higher. The original regular lamellar structure is changed into an irregular lamellar structure, more micropores are formed on the surface of the sheet, the pore volume is enlarged, the specific surface area of the montmorillonite is greatly improved, and more active adsorption sites are formed on the surface of the montmorillonite, so that the adsorption capacity to rare earth ions is effectively improved. Compared with untreated montmorillonite, the adsorption capacity is increased by 8-11 times.
The present invention utilizes (NH) 4 ) 2 SO 4 The solution can be used as an eluent to effectively elute the rare earth elements adsorbed on the modified montmorillonite, thereby achieving the purpose of enriching and recovering the low-concentration rare earth. (NH) used in the invention 4 ) 2 SO 4 The rare earth leaching agent is a rare earth leaching agent of weathering crust eluviation type rare earth ore which is commonly adopted in industry, and can realize the enrichment and recovery of rare earth ions under the condition of not increasing new chemical reagents, thereby reducing the burden of the environment.
The invention enlarges the space of the montmorillonite crystal structure layer, weakens the interlayer binding force, enlarges the specific surface area of the particles, has more loose structure, improves the adsorption capacity of the rare earth ions by about 8 to 11 times, has the elution rate higher than 90 percent, realizes the aim of enriching and recycling the low-concentration rare earth ions, and effectively avoids the waste of rare earth resources and the environmental pollution.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Comparative example
Mixing 25mL of solution containing 0.8g/L of rare earth ions with 2g of untreated montmorillonite, performing shock adsorption for 15 hours, performing centrifugal separation, filtering, detecting the concentration of rare earth in filtrate, and calculating the adsorption amount. Taking 25mL of (NH) at 0.1mol/L 4 ) 2 SO 4 Shaking for 6 hours at constant temperature, centrifugally separating, filtering and calculating the elution rate.
The adsorption capacity of untreated montmorillonite on rare earth ions is 0.018mmol/g, and the elution rate is 89.0%.
Example 1
S1, preparing modified montmorillonite: taking 2g of untreated montmorillonite and 60mL of H with the concentration of 3% 2 SO 4 Mixing the solutions, reacting for 3 hours at a constant temperature of 90 ℃, centrifuging and filtering the mixed solution, leaching lower-layer solids by using deionized water until eluate is neutral, performing centrifugal separation, and drying acidified montmorillonite in a drying oven at 50 ℃ to obtain modified montmorillonite, wherein the particle size of the montmorillonite is less than or equal to 45 micrometers;
s2, adsorbing rare earth ions: mixing a solution with the rare earth ion concentration of 0.8g/L with 2g of acidified and modified montmorillonite, and oscillating and adsorbing for 15 hours at room temperature to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture;
s3, solid-liquid separation: after the rare earth ionophore mixture in the step S2 is vibrated uniformly, performing suction filtration and separation by using a centrifugal machine, collecting filter residues of the rare earth ionophore mixture, and calculating the adsorption capacity;
s4, drying the rare earth ion carrier mixture: drying the filter residue obtained in the step S3 in an oven at 50 ℃ for about 24 hours, and grinding the dried solid phase for later use to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture solid;
s5, eluting and enriching rare earth ions: taking 10mL of (NH) with the concentration of 0.1mol/L 4 ) 2 SO 4 Mixing with rare earth ion carrier mixture solid (1 g) in S4, and shaking at constant temperature for 6 hoursCentrifuging, filtering, measuring the concentration of rare earth ions in the filtrate, and calculating the elution rate to obtain filtrate enriched with rare earth ions;
s6, recovering the modified montmorillonite adsorbent carrier: the modified montmorillonite eluted by ammonium sulfate can be dried again and can be recycled after grinding.
The adsorption capacity of the acid modified montmorillonite to rare earth ions is as follows: 0.178mmol/g; the elution rate reaches 95.1 percent.
Example 2
S1, preparing modified montmorillonite: mixing 2g of montmorillonite with 120mL of 10% H2SO4 solution, stirring for 2 hours at the constant temperature of 60 ℃, centrifuging and filtering the mixed solution, leaching the lower-layer solid with deionized water until the eluate is neutral, performing centrifugal separation, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain modified montmorillonite;
s2, adsorbing rare earth ions: mixing 2g of the acidified and modified montmorillonite prepared in the step S1 with 0.7g/L of rare earth solution, and stirring at constant temperature for 17 hours to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture;
s3, solid-liquid separation: after the rare earth ionophore mixture in the step S2 is vibrated uniformly, performing suction filtration and separation by using a centrifugal machine, collecting filter residues of the rare earth ionophore mixture, and calculating the adsorption capacity;
s4, drying the rare earth ion carrier mixture: drying the filter residue obtained in the step S3 in an oven at 100 ℃ for about 24 hours, and grinding the dried solid phase for later use to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture solid;
s5, eluting and enriching rare earth ions: taking 1g of rare earth ion carrier mixture solid, adding 15mL of (NH) with the concentration of 0.3mol/L 4 ) 2 SO 4 After the solution is vibrated for 2 hours at constant temperature, vacuum-filtering and separating a solid-liquid phase, measuring the content of rare earth in filtrate, and calculating the elution rate to obtain filtrate enriched with rare earth ions;
s6, recovering the modified montmorillonite adsorbent carrier: the modified montmorillonite eluted by ammonium sulfate can be dried again and can be recycled after grinding.
The adsorption capacity of the acid modified montmorillonite to rare earth ions is as follows: 0.150mmol/g; the elution rate was 91.5%.
Example 3
S1, preparing modified montmorillonite: taking 2g of untreated montmorillonite, and 6% of H 2 SO 4 Mixing according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:50, stirring for 4 hours at the constant temperature of 80 ℃, performing vacuum filtration by using a circulating water type vacuum pump, washing the mixture to be neutral by using deionized water, drying the mixture in an oven at 100 ℃ and grinding the dried mixture for later use to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
S2, adsorption test: and (3) mixing 2g of montmorillonite prepared in the step (S1) with 1.0g/L of rare earth solution, and oscillating at constant temperature for 10 hours to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture.
S3, solid-liquid separation: after the rare earth ionophore mixture in the step S2 is vibrated uniformly, performing suction filtration and separation by using a centrifugal machine, collecting filter residues of the rare earth ionophore mixture, and calculating the adsorption capacity;
s4, drying the rare earth ion carrier mixture: drying the filter residue obtained in the step S3 in an oven at 80 ℃ for about 24 hours, and grinding the dried solid phase for later use to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture solid;
s5, rare earth ion elution and enrichment: taking 1g of rare earth ion carrier mixture solid, adding 10mL of (NH 4) 2SO4 solution of 0.2mmol/L, oscillating for 3 hours at constant temperature, performing vacuum filtration, measuring the rare earth concentration in the filtrate, and calculating the elution rate to obtain filtrate which is the filtrate enriched with rare earth ions;
s6, recovering the modified montmorillonite adsorbent carrier: the modified montmorillonite eluted by ammonium sulfate can be dried again and can be recycled after grinding.
The adsorption capacity of the acid modified montmorillonite to rare earth ions is respectively as follows: 0.190mmol/g; the elution rate reached 93.0%.
Example 4
S1, preparing modified montmorillonite: mixing 2g of untreated montmorillonite with 8% of H2SO4 according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1.
S2, adsorbing rare earth ions: mixing 2g of the modified montmorillonite prepared in the step S1 with 0.7g/L of rare earth solution, and stirring at constant temperature for 14 hours to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture;
s3, solid-liquid separation: after the rare earth ionophore mixture in the step S2 is vibrated uniformly, performing suction filtration and separation by using a centrifugal machine, collecting filter residues of the rare earth ionophore mixture, and calculating the adsorption capacity;
s4, drying the rare earth ion carrier mixture: drying the filter residue obtained in the step S3 in an oven at 70 ℃ for about 24 hours, and grinding the dried solid phase for later use to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture solid;
s5, eluting and enriching rare earth ions: taking 1g of rare earth ion carrier mixture solid, adding 20mL of (NH 4) 2SO4 solution with the concentration of 0.05mol/L, oscillating for 6 hours at constant temperature, performing vacuum filtration to separate a solid phase and a liquid phase, measuring the content of rare earth in filtrate, and calculating the elution rate to obtain filtrate which is enriched with rare earth ions;
s6, recovering the modified montmorillonite adsorbent carrier: the modified montmorillonite eluted by ammonium sulfate can be dried again and can be recycled after grinding.
The adsorption capacity of the acid modified montmorillonite to rare earth ions is respectively as follows: 0.166mmol/g; the elution rate reaches 92.0 percent.
Compared with untreated montmorillonite, the modified montmorillonite prepared in the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the adsorption capacity is improved by 8-11 times, the elution rate is higher than 90%, and the elution enrichment of low-concentration rare earth ions is effectively realized.
The present invention mixes montmorillonite and 1% -10% (by volume ratio) of H 2 SO 4 Mixing according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1 to 30-60, stirring for 2-5 hours at a constant temperature of 60-100 ℃ to convert impurities among montmorillonite layers into soluble salt to be dissolved out, so that the interlayer pores of the montmorillonite are enlarged, the filling power is higher, the interlayer spacing and the surface area of the interlayer are increased, under the condition that the structure of the montmorillonite is not damaged, the interlayer spacing of the montmorillonite is changed from d (001) =1.482nm to 1.578nm, the filling power is higher, and the adsorption capacity on rare earth ions can be effectively improved.
The distance between montmorillonite crystal structure layers is increased, interlayer bonding force is weakened, the specific surface area of particles is increased, the structure is looser, the adsorption capacity to rare earth ions is improved by about 8-11 times, the elution rate is higher than 90%, the purpose of enriching and recycling low-concentration rare earth ions is realized, and waste of rare earth resources and environmental pollution are effectively avoided.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for enriching and recovering low-concentration rare earth ions by using modified montmorillonite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing modified montmorillonite: mixing montmorillonite with H 2 SO 4 Mixing the solutions, heating and stirring the mixed solution in a water bath at the temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 2-5 hours, centrifuging and filtering the mixed solution, leaching the lower-layer solid by using deionized water until eluate is neutral, performing centrifugal separation, and drying the obtained solid phase to obtain modified montmorillonite;
s2, adsorbing rare earth ions: putting the modified montmorillonite prepared in the step S1 into a medium containing low-concentration rare earth ions, and oscillating for 10-17 hours to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture;
s3, solid-liquid separation: after the rare earth ionophore mixture in the step S2 is vibrated uniformly, performing suction filtration and separation by using a centrifugal machine, and collecting filter residues of the rare earth ionophore mixture;
s4, drying the rare earth ion carrier mixture: drying the filter residue obtained in the step S3 to obtain a rare earth ion carrier mixture solid; the drying in S4 refers to drying in an oven at 50-100 ℃ for 24 hours;
s5, rare earth ion elution and enrichment: mixing the solid of the rare earth ion carrier mixture prepared in the step S4 with 0.05-0.3mol/L (NH 4) 2 SO 4 Mixing and stirring 2-6h, and centrifuging to obtain filtrate which is enriched with rare earth ions; the solid-liquid ratio of the rare earth ion carrier mixture solid to (NH 4) 2SO4 is 1.
2. The method for enriching and recovering low-concentration rare earth ions by using modified montmorillonite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the montmorillonite and H in step S1 2 SO 4 The solid-liquid ratio of the solution is 1.
3. The method for enriching and recovering low-concentration rare earth ions by using modified montmorillonite as claimed in claim 2, wherein the H is 2 SO 4 The volume ratio concentration of the solution is 3-10%.
4. The method for enriching and recovering the low-concentration rare earth ions by using the modified montmorillonite as the claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in S1 is 50-100 ℃.
5. The method for enriching and recovering the low-concentration rare earth ions by using the modified montmorillonite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of drying and recovering the modified montmorillonite adsorbent carrier.
6. The method for enriching and recovering the low-concentration rare earth ions by using the modified montmorillonite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the montmorillonite is less than or equal to 45 microns.
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