CN112812887A - Peanut oil enzymatic degumming process - Google Patents

Peanut oil enzymatic degumming process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112812887A
CN112812887A CN202011536345.0A CN202011536345A CN112812887A CN 112812887 A CN112812887 A CN 112812887A CN 202011536345 A CN202011536345 A CN 202011536345A CN 112812887 A CN112812887 A CN 112812887A
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China
Prior art keywords
phospholipase
peanut oil
degumming process
enzymatic degumming
acid
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CN202011536345.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
卢冰
丛芳
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Yihai Shijiazhuang Oils and Grains Industries Co Ltd
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Yihai Shijiazhuang Oils and Grains Industries Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202011536345.0A priority Critical patent/CN112812887A/en
Publication of CN112812887A publication Critical patent/CN112812887A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/001Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23DEDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
    • A23D9/02Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
    • A23D9/04Working-up
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/003Refining fats or fatty oils by enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/02Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
    • C11B3/04Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/02Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
    • C11B3/06Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of edible oil processing, and provides a peanut oil enzymatic degumming process, which comprises the following steps: s1, adding acid into the crude peanut oil, and stirring and mixing uniformly; s2, adding caustic soda liquid into the mixed solution of S1, and stirring and mixing uniformly; s3, adding lipase, water and an additive into the mixed solution S2, uniformly mixing, and carrying out enzymolysis; s4, washing, centrifuging, drying and deodorizing to obtain the refined peanut oil. Through the technical scheme, the problem of high yield loss of the existing neutralization alkali-refining technology is solved.

Description

Peanut oil enzymatic degumming process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible oil processing, in particular to an enzymatic degumming process for peanut oil.
Background
The peanut has higher nutritive value and is a high-quality oil and protein resource. Phospholipids are an important component of biological membranes and are present in oil crops in large quantities, and the influence of phospholipids on the oxidative stability of lipids is greatly controversial. If the phospholipid content is high, foaming, smoking and odor are likely to occur during heating, and the phospholipid is oxidized at high temperature to turn brown, which affects the flavor of the fried food. Therefore, in the refining of peanut oil, phospholipid needs to be removed, and the technological process of removing peptized impurities in crude oil by using a physical, chemical or physical-chemical method is degumming.
Enzymatic degumming is another new degumming method, and the principle is that part of groups in phospholipid are hydrolyzed by phospholipase, so that phospholipid is changed into more hydrophilic molecules or polar groups of phospholipid are hydrolyzed, so that non-hydrated phospholipid is removed. At present, the degumming time of the enzymatic degumming process is long, the degumming effect is poor, and the phosphorus content of the obtained peanut oil is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an enzymatic degumming process for peanut oil, which solves the problems of low degumming yield and long required time in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an enzymatic degumming process for peanut oil, comprising the following steps:
s1, adding acid into the crude peanut oil, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s2, adding caustic soda liquid into the mixed solution of S1, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s3, adding phospholipase, water and an additive into the mixed solution S2, uniformly mixing, and carrying out enzymolysis;
s4, washing, centrifuging, drying and deodorizing to obtain the refined peanut oil.
As a further technical solution, in the step S1, the acid includes one or more of citric acid, phosphoric acid, and tartaric acid.
In a further technical scheme, in the step S1, the mass percentage concentration of the acid is 4-5%, and the mass ratio of the acid to the peanut crude oil is (0.2-0.4): 1.
As a further technical scheme, in the step S2, adding liquid caustic soda to adjust the pH value to 7-7.3.
As a further technical scheme, in the step S3, the mass ratio of the phospholipase, the additive, the water and the peanut crude oil is 1 (0.06-0.1): (4000-6000): (800-1000).
According to a further technical scheme, in the step S3, the additives comprise palmetto hemp oil and monosodium glutamate, and the mass ratio of the palmetto hemp oil to the monosodium glutamate is 1 (0.08-0.1).
In a further technical scheme, in the step S3, the phospholipase comprises phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, phospholipase C and phospholipase D, and the mass ratio of the phospholipase A1, the phospholipase A2, the phospholipase C and the phospholipase D is 1 (0.4-0.6) to 1 (0.1-0.3).
As a further technical scheme, the temperature of the step S3 is controlled to be 45-50 ℃ and the time is 1-2 hours.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the action sites of different phospholipases are different, and in the present invention, the phospholipase A1 acts on the unsaturated fatty acid ester bond S of phospholipidn-1Phospholipase A2 specific for Sn-2A bit. Phospholipase C, in turn, catalyzes primarily a reaction at the insoluble substrate at the lipid-water interface. Phospholipase D catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to choline and phosphatidic acid. According to the invention, the four phospholipases are added, and the proportion of the four phospholipases is determined through numerous tests, so that the obtained peanut oil has low phosphorus content and good degumming effect.
2. In the invention, the palmetto hemp oil is added to reduce the viscosity of the reaction system, ensure the full contact of phospholipase and improve the catalytic hydrolysis efficiency of enzyme. Meanwhile, the palmetto hemp oil contains lecithin, linolenic acid, vitamins, calcium, iron minerals and other trace elements necessary for human bodies, and the linolenic acid and the vitamins can play a role in catalyzing and strengthening the activity of enzyme, so that the enzymolysis efficiency is improved, and the degumming time is shortened. The addition of monosodium glutamate and metal elements in the palmetto hemp oil and walnut oil can promote enzymolysis reaction, enhance the activity of enzyme, improve the stability and oxidation resistance of the obtained peanut oil and ensure the food safety of the obtained peanut oil at the same time.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any inventive step, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
S1, adding 160g of citric acid with the mass percentage concentration of 5% into 800g of peanut crude oil, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s2, adding caustic soda liquid into the mixed solution of S1, stirring and mixing uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 7;
s3, adding 0.4g of phospholipase A1, 0.16g of phospholipase A2, 0.4g of phospholipase C, 0.04g of phospholipase D, 4000g of water, 0.055g of palmetto hemp oil and 0.005g of monosodium glutamate into the mixed solution of S2, uniformly mixing, and carrying out enzymolysis, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 45-50 ℃ and the time is 1-2 hours;
s4, washing, centrifuging, drying and deodorizing to obtain the refined peanut oil.
Example 2
S1, adding 270g of phosphoric acid with the mass percentage concentration of 4% into 900g of crude peanut oil, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s2, adding caustic soda liquid into the mixed solution of S1, stirring and mixing uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 7.2;
s3, adding 0.37g of phospholipase A1, 0.18g of phospholipase A2, 0.4g of phospholipase C, 0.04g of phospholipase D, 5000g of water, 0.073g of palmetto sesame oil and 0.007g of monosodium glutamate into the mixed solution of S2, uniformly mixing, and carrying out enzymolysis, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 45-50 ℃ and the time is 1-2 hours;
s4, washing, centrifuging, drying and deodorizing to obtain the refined peanut oil.
Example 3
S1, adding 400g of citric acid with the mass percentage concentration of 5% into 1000g of peanut crude oil, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s2, adding caustic soda liquid into the mixed solution of S1, stirring and mixing uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 7.3;
s3, adding 0.35g of phospholipase A1, 0.21g of phospholipase A2, 0.35g of phospholipase C, 0.09g of phospholipase D, 6000g of water, 0.092g of Bama hemp oil and 0.008g of monosodium glutamate into the mixed solution of S2, uniformly mixing, and carrying out enzymolysis, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 45-50 ℃ and the time is 1-2 hours;
s4, washing, centrifuging, drying and deodorizing to obtain the refined peanut oil.
Example 4
S1, adding 400g of citric acid with the mass percentage concentration of 5% into 1000g of peanut crude oil, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s2, adding caustic soda liquid into the mixed solution of S1, stirring and mixing uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 7.3;
s3, adding 0.35g of phospholipase A1, 0.21g of phospholipase A2, 0.35g of phospholipase C, 0.09g of phospholipase D, 6000g of water, 0.067g of palmetto hemp oil, 0.026g of walnut oil and 0.006g of monosodium glutamate into the mixed solution of S2, uniformly mixing, and performing enzymolysis at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ for 1-2 hours;
s4, washing, centrifuging, drying and deodorizing to obtain the refined peanut oil.
Comparative example 1
S1, adding 400g of citric acid with the mass percentage concentration of 5% into 1000g of peanut crude oil, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s2, adding caustic soda liquid into the mixed solution of S1, stirring and mixing uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 7.3;
s3, adding 0.35g of phospholipase A1, 0.21g of phospholipase A2, 0.35g of phospholipase C, 0.09g of phospholipase D, 6000g of water and 0.01g of monosodium glutamate into the mixed solution of S2, uniformly mixing, and carrying out enzymolysis, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 45-50 ℃ and the time is 1-2 hours;
s4, washing, centrifuging, drying and deodorizing to obtain the refined peanut oil.
Comparative example 2
S1, adding 400g of citric acid with the mass percentage concentration of 5% into 1000g of peanut crude oil, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s2, adding caustic soda liquid into the mixed solution of S1, stirring and mixing uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 7.3;
s3, adding 0.35g of phospholipase A1, 0.21g of phospholipase A2, 0.35g of phospholipase C, 0.09g of phospholipase D, 6000g of water and 0.01g of monosodium glutamate into the mixed solution of S2, uniformly mixing, and carrying out enzymolysis, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 45-50 ℃ and the time is 1-2 hours;
s4, washing, centrifuging, drying and deodorizing to obtain the refined peanut oil.
Comparative example 3
S1, adding 400g of citric acid with the mass percentage concentration of 5% into 1000g of peanut crude oil, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s2, adding caustic soda liquid into the mixed solution of S1, stirring and mixing uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 7.3;
s3, adding 0.35g of phospholipase A1, 0.21g of phospholipase A2, 0.35g of phospholipase C, 0.09g of phospholipase D and 6000g of water into the mixed solution of S2, uniformly mixing, and carrying out enzymolysis, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 45-50 ℃ and the time is 1-2 hours;
s4, washing, centrifuging, drying and deodorizing to obtain the refined peanut oil.
The peanut oil obtained by refining is measured according to the peroxide value of GB/T5538-: detecting the phosphorus content and obtaining the peanut oil.
TABLE 1 test data for examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3
Detecting items Peanut oil phosphorus content/ppm Peroxide number mmol/kg Yield of peanut oil/%)
Example 1 10.2 1.3 98.6
Example 2 11.6 1.5 98.1
Example 3 9.5 1 98.9
Example 4 8.0 0.7 99.1
Comparative example 1 23.6 1.9 97.2
Comparative example 2 26.4 2.2 96.9
Comparative example 3 36.7 2.7 96.6
The applicant has found that when a small amount of walnut oil is added to the additive comprising the combination of butternut oil and monosodium glutamate, as in example 5, the effect of the present invention is superior to that of the other examples of the present invention, and that linolenic acid in the walnut oil can promote more and more sufficient contact between phospholipids and phospholipase, thereby enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis.
Comparing comparative example 1 with example 3, it was found that when no Bacopa hemp oil was added, the refined peanut oil was obtained in a lower yield, with a higher phosphorus content and a higher peroxide value. The yield, degumming effect and peroxide number of the obtained peanut oil were worse than in comparative example 1 when no monosodium glutamate was added in comparative example 2, and the effect was the worst when neither of the sparassis sesame oil and monosodium glutamate was added in comparative example 3. Therefore, the invention creatively combines the palmetto and the monosodium glutamate together to catalyze the phospholipid enzymolysis, and achieves unexpected effects.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The peanut oil enzymatic degumming process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, adding acid into the crude peanut oil, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s2, adding caustic soda liquid into the mixed solution of S1, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s3, adding phospholipase, water and an additive into the mixed solution S2, uniformly mixing, and carrying out enzymolysis;
s4, washing, centrifuging, drying and deodorizing to obtain the refined peanut oil.
2. The enzymatic degumming process according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the acid comprises one or more of citric acid, phosphoric acid, tartaric acid.
3. The peanut oil enzymatic degumming process according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the mass percentage concentration of the acid is 4-5%, and the mass ratio of the acid to the crude peanut oil is (0.2-0.4): 1.
4. The enzymatic degumming process for peanut oil according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, liquid alkali is added to adjust the pH to 7-7.3.
5. The enzymatic degumming process for peanut oil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the mass ratio of the phospholipase, the additive, the water and the crude peanut oil is 1 (0.06-0.1): 4000-6000): 800-1000.
6. The peanut oil enzymatic degumming process according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the additive comprises Bama hemp oil and monosodium glutamate in a mass ratio of 1 (0.08-0.1).
7. The peanut oil enzymatic degumming process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the phospholipase comprises phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, phospholipase C, and phospholipase D, and the mass ratio of the phospholipase A1, the phospholipase A2, the phospholipase C, and the phospholipase D is 1 (0.4-0.6) to 1 (0.1-0.3).
8. The peanut oil enzymatic degumming process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of step S3 is controlled at 45-50 ℃ for 1-2 hours.
CN202011536345.0A 2020-12-23 2020-12-23 Peanut oil enzymatic degumming process Pending CN112812887A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107674750A (en) * 2017-09-08 2018-02-09 安徽嘉旗粮油工程技术有限公司 A kind of heavy fragrant peanut oil degumming and refining method
US20180305635A1 (en) * 2017-04-25 2018-10-25 Bunge Oils, Inc. Process for enzymatic degumming
CN109370775A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-02-22 山东鲁花集团有限公司 A kind of dephosphorization method using high speed shear vortex mixing auxiliary biological enzyme

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180305635A1 (en) * 2017-04-25 2018-10-25 Bunge Oils, Inc. Process for enzymatic degumming
CN107674750A (en) * 2017-09-08 2018-02-09 安徽嘉旗粮油工程技术有限公司 A kind of heavy fragrant peanut oil degumming and refining method
CN109370775A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-02-22 山东鲁花集团有限公司 A kind of dephosphorization method using high speed shear vortex mixing auxiliary biological enzyme

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
杜章斌等: "HPLC-ELSD法测定酶解磷脂中甘油磷脂酰胆碱含量的研究", 《粮食与食品工业》 *

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