CN112810836A - Water drawing test device with controllable and adjustable sliding posture and draft - Google Patents
Water drawing test device with controllable and adjustable sliding posture and draft Download PDFInfo
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- CN112810836A CN112810836A CN202011611331.0A CN202011611331A CN112810836A CN 112810836 A CN112810836 A CN 112810836A CN 202011611331 A CN202011611331 A CN 202011611331A CN 112810836 A CN112810836 A CN 112810836A
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- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
- B64F5/60—Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrodynamic experiment simulation systems, and particularly relates to a water drawing test device with controllable adjustment of a sliding posture and draught. The system comprises two groups of main bearing push rods, a lifting type free positioning and fastening structure, an angle adjusting device, a water drawing system model and measuring structure devices and a trailer chassis; the trailer chassis is provided with double-track structures which are parallel to each other along the advancing direction of the trailer, the two groups of main bearing push rods respectively penetrate through the trailer chassis and the liftable free positioning and fastening structure and are vertically fixed below the trailer chassis through the liftable free positioning and fastening structure, so that the height position adjustment and the positioning of the main bearing push rods are realized, and further the draft adjustment and the draft control are realized; the water drawing system model and the measuring structure device are fixed at the lower part of one end of the two groups of main bearing push rods, which is far away from the trailer chassis, through the angle adjusting device, so that the positioning and the regulation of the sliding posture of the water drawing system model are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrodynamic experiment simulation systems, and particularly relates to a water drawing test device with controllable adjustment of a sliding posture and draught.
Background
In recent years, big airplanes in China are rapidly developed according to domestic requirements, wherein the development of amphibious airplanes also obtains rich results, and in the development process of fire extinguishing performance of the amphibious airplanes, a water drawing test of the amphibious airplanes becomes an important link in the process of airworthiness evidence obtaining. Further development in the technical field of hydrodynamic water drawing simulation systems determines research and development and application processes of national important equipment. The amphibious plane for drawing water and extinguishing fire on water is a leading-edge technology, and the research on the drawing water simulation test of the water plane is less at home and abroad.
Aiming at the current test conditions, the defects are as follows: (1) at present, a conventional water drawing test mainly adopts a water surface model dragging test method, pitching and deep-sinking motions exist in the model in the water surface sliding process, and the water drawing characteristic of the model cannot be analyzed regularly by effectively adopting a single variable method; (2) the traditional water drawing test can only be developed by changing the draft of a water drawing bucket in a mode of model counterweight, the method is complex, each working condition needs to be leveled again for measurement, the efficiency is low, and certain errors exist in measurement and installation; (3) the traditional water drawing test cannot be used for analyzing the water drawing characteristic and the load characteristic of the model in the water surface takeoff and landing process through a fixed pitching attitude unfolding test, and cannot effectively provide technical guidance of a full flight section for aircraft development.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the invention provides a water drawing test device with controllable adjustment of sliding attitude and draft, which can realize regularity tests of water drawing efficiency and stress under different draft, attitude and speed conditions in a model water drawing efficiency analysis test process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the water drawing test device with the controllable sliding posture and draft is characterized by comprising two groups of main bearing push rods, a lifting type free positioning and fastening structure, an angle adjusting device, a water drawing system model, a measuring structure device and a trailer chassis;
the trailer chassis is provided with double-track structures which are parallel to each other along the advancing direction of the trailer, the two groups of main bearing push rods respectively penetrate through the trailer chassis and the liftable free positioning and fastening structure and are vertically fixed below the trailer chassis through the liftable free positioning and fastening structure, so that the height position adjustment and the positioning of the main bearing push rods are realized, and further the draft adjustment and the draft control are realized; the water drawing system model and the measuring structure device are fixed at the lower part of one end of the two groups of main bearing push rods, which is far away from the trailer chassis, through the angle adjusting device, so that the positioning and the regulation of the sliding posture of the water drawing system model are realized.
In one possible embodiment, the liftable free positioning fastening structure comprises an axial double limiting fixing piece, an upper end face adapter plate, a platform upper end fixing tool structure, a platform lower end fixing tool structure and a lower end face adapter plate; the upper end face adapter plate is arranged above the upper end fixing tool structure through a bolt; the lower end face adapter plate is arranged below the lower end fixing tool structure through a bolt; the axial double-limiting fixing piece is symmetrically sleeved on the main bearing push rod relative to the upper mirror surface and the lower mirror surface of the trailer chassis and is respectively connected with the upper end face adapter plate and the lower end face adapter plate in a positioning mode through bolts.
Further, the axial double-limiting fixing part comprises an upper end tightener, an upper rotating positioning flange face, a round pipe fitting and a lower rotating positioning flange face; the upper end tightener is in a hoop shape, a bearing rod matching fixing hole is formed in the center of the upper end tightener, tightening force arms are arranged on two sides of an opening of the fixing hole, a tightener flange boss extends outwards, a threaded hole is formed in the tightener flange boss, and the upper end tightener is used for locking the main bearing push rod by tightening a bolt; the upper end tightener is also provided with a positioning hole which is connected with the upper rotating positioning flange surface in a positioning way through a bolt; the upper transfer positioning flange face, the round pipe fitting and the lower transfer positioning flange face are sequentially and integrally connected from top to bottom; a plurality of bolt positioning holes are further formed in the circumferential side faces of the upper transfer positioning flange face and the lower transfer positioning flange face, and the main bearing push rod can be subjected to double positioning and locking through tightening of side face bolts.
The liftable free positioning and fastening structure can quickly and effectively change the model draft through the axial double limiting and fixing structure in the hydrodynamic water drawing test process so as to develop the water drawing test of the model under different drafts.
In one possible embodiment, the lower end face of the main bearing push rod is provided with a detachable and replaceable flange face, and the angle adjusting device comprises an angle adjusting upper support, an angle adjusting lower support and a lower connecting plate; the upper end of the angle adjusting upper support is connected with the lower end of the main bearing push rod through the detachable replaceable flange surface; the angle adjusting upper support is of a single-lug structure, and a rotating shaft matching hole, an upper seat outer ring positioning hole and an upper seat inner ring angle positioning hole are formed in a lug of the angle adjusting upper support; the angle adjusting lower support is of a double-lug structure, a rotating shaft matching hole, a lower seat outer ring positioning waist-shaped hole and a lower seat inner ring angle positioning hole which correspond to the angle adjusting upper support in position are symmetrically formed in lug pieces of the angle adjusting lower support, the angle adjusting upper support is hinged with the angle adjusting lower support through a rotating shaft, and angle positioning is realized through the outer ring positioning hole and the inner ring positioning hole which respectively correspond to the angle adjusting upper support by utilizing a pin shaft; the lower connecting plate is fixed below the angle adjusting lower support through bolts.
Preferably, a plurality of inner ring positioning holes and outer ring positioning holes in the angle adjusting upper support and the angle adjusting lower support are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft matching hole, so that the quantitative adjustment of the angle is realized, and the repeatability and the precision of the test are ensured.
In one possible embodiment, a linear slide rail is further arranged on the lower connecting plate corresponding to the joint of one group of main bearing push rods and the angle adjusting lower support, and a linear slide block in sliding fit with the linear slide rail is correspondingly arranged on the bottom surface of the angle adjusting lower support, so that the change of longitudinal displacement can be compensated in the process of angle adjustment, and the phenomenon of clamping nonadjustable in the process of angle adjustment is avoided.
In one possible embodiment, the water drawing system model and measurement structure device comprises a balance transfer tool structure, a model water drawing system structure, a seaplane water drawing model, a tool positioning and reinforcing structure and a balance sensor structure; the balance sensor structure is horizontally fixed below the lower connection plate through a bolt; the balance switching tool structure comprises two groups of I-shaped structures which are arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode and are fixed below the balance sensor structure through bolts respectively; the seaplane drawing model is fixed below the balance switching tool structure through the tool positioning and reinforcing structure; the model water drawing system structure is arranged in the seaplane water drawing model and extends out of the front end, two sides and the lower part of the seaplane water drawing model respectively.
Furthermore, the model water drawing system structure comprises two groups of pipelines which are bilaterally symmetrical along the advancing direction of the trailer, wherein each group of pipelines comprises a three-level water drawing system pipeline, a flow measurement sensor, a two-level water drawing system pipeline, a four-level water drawing system pipeline and a one-level water drawing system;
one end of the three-stage water drawing system pipeline is a flange surface, the other end of the three-stage water drawing system pipeline is an outlet, and the outlet end extends out of the front end of the seaplane water drawing model; the primary water drawing system is integrally T-shaped, wherein two ends of the transverse pipeline are provided with flange surfaces; the second-stage water drawing system pipeline comprises two sections, wherein flange surfaces are arranged at two ends of each section, one section is used for connecting the third-stage water drawing system pipeline with the first-stage water drawing system, and the other section is used for connecting the fourth-stage water drawing system pipeline with the first-stage water drawing system; one end of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline is provided with a flange surface, the other end of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline is an outlet, and the outlet end extends out of one side of the water drawing model of the overwater airplane;
the flange surface of the three-stage water drawing system pipeline is connected with the flange surface of one section of the two-stage water drawing system pipeline through a bolt, the flange surface of the other end of the two-stage water drawing system pipeline is connected with the flange surface of one end of the one-stage water drawing system transverse pipeline through a bolt, and the flange surface of the other end of the one-stage water drawing system transverse pipeline is connected with the flange surface of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline through a bolt;
both ends of the flow measuring sensor are provided with flange surfaces, and both ends of the flow measuring sensor can be respectively connected with the flange surface of the three-stage water drawing system pipeline and the two-stage water drawing system pipeline; or the flange surfaces are respectively connected with the flange surfaces of the pipelines of the two-stage water drawing system and the flange surfaces of the pipelines of the four-stage water drawing system, and the flow at different pipeline positions can be measured by changing the position relation of the flow measuring sensors according to requirements in the test process so as to reduce the number of the flow measuring sensors, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the test cost.
Furthermore, the model water drawing system structure further comprises a rubber fixed buffering ring, and the rubber fixed buffering ring is matched and fixed with the outlet end of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline so as to be fixedly connected with the seaplane water drawing model, so that the phenomenon that the bent pipeline falls off due to the fact that the water outlet pipeline of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline is long and continuous vibration occurs to affect effective water outlet of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline is avoided, and test data are deviated.
In one possible embodiment, the primary water drawing system comprises a streamline elbow of the primary water drawing system, a switching structure at the lower end of a water drawing bucket, the water drawing bucket and a pipeline at the upper end of the water drawing bucket;
the integral first-stage water drawing system is T-shaped, the streamline elbow of the first-stage water drawing system is transited from a transverse pipeline to a longitudinal pipeline, and two ends of the transverse pipeline are provided with flange surfaces; the lower end of the longitudinal pipeline is fixedly connected with the pipeline at the upper end of the water drawing bucket through a flange surface, so that the longitudinal pipeline is convenient to disassemble, replace and install; the pipeline at the upper end of the water drawing bucket extends downwards to be transited into an inner cavity variable-section streamline pipeline, the outer wall of the pipeline is a cylindrical surface, and the inner part of the pipeline is a smooth round transition cambered surface; the water drawing bucket is connected with the pipeline at the upper end of the water drawing bucket through a water drawing bucket lower end switching structure.
Preferably, the lower end switching structure of the water drawing bucket is made of metal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a water drawing test device with controllable adjustment of a sliding posture and draught depth, provides a new idea for a hydrodynamic water drawing test of a seaplane, provides powerful support for a future hydrodynamic experiment simulation test, enlarges the test mode and the test optional platform of the hydrodynamic experiment, and has a wide prospect. The beneficial effects are as follows:
1. the invention relates to a water drawing test device with controllable adjustment of a sliding posture and draft, which is characterized in that in the process of a model water drawing efficiency analysis test, a water drawing system model, a measurement structure device, a lifting type free positioning fastening structure, a water drawing test main bearing push rod and a double-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device are fixedly installed by using bolts, under the conditions of certain draft and initial posture, a certain longitudinal speed is supplied to the water drawing system model and the measurement structure device through a trailer chassis, and water flow enters an inner cavity of a water drawing system structure pipeline of a model water drawing system of a seaplane through a water drawing bucket of a variable-section low-resistance one-level water drawing system and a flow measurement sensor to be developed for the water drawing efficiency and regularity test analysis under the conditions of different drafts, postures and speeds.
2. The liftable free positioning and fastening structure can quickly and effectively change the model draft through the axial double limiting and fixing structure in the hydrodynamic water drawing test process so as to develop the water drawing test of the model under different drafts.
3. The double-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device can quickly adjust the pitch angle of a water drawing model through the angle adjusting upper support and the lower support, and meanwhile has the advantages that the linear slide block and the linear slide rail can compensate the change of longitudinal displacement in the angle adjusting process, the clamping is not adjustable in the pitch angle adjusting process, or the complicated situation that a liftable free positioning and fastening structure needs to be loosened in the pitch angle adjusting process is avoided.
4. The water drawing system model and the measuring structure device provided by the invention have the advantages that the water drawing hopper can be retracted and put down through the bolts by the variable-section low-resistance primary water drawing system, the water drawing hopper is put down and retracted in the underwater water drawing process of the model respectively, then the stress condition analysis test in the water drawing sliding process is carried out, the test state is changed, the tool is installed quickly and efficiently, meanwhile, the water drawing system model and the measuring structure device have high modular design advantages and flexible characteristics, a flow measurement sensor can be adopted to carry out flow expansion analysis on four pipeline outlets of the model water drawing system structure through a module changing method, the changing and the mounting are efficient, the cost is reduced, the adaptability and the universality are better, and the requirements of different test working conditions can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system apparatus of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a liftable free positioning and fastening structure in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an axial dual-position limiting fixture according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an angle adjusting device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a water drawing system model and a measurement structure device according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a model water drawing system according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a first-stage water drawing system according to an embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the terms "first", "second", "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance; furthermore, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be construed broadly, as they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; there may be communication between the interiors of the two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in figure 1, the invention relates to a water drawing test device with controllable sliding attitude and draft, in the process of a model water drawing efficiency analysis test, firstly, a water drawing system model, a measurement structure device, a lifting free positioning fastening structure, a main bearing push rod and a double-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device are fixedly installed by using bolts, under the conditions of certain draft and initial attitude, a certain longitudinal speed is supplied to the water drawing system model and the measurement structure device through a trailer chassis, and water flow enters an inner cavity of a water drawing system structure pipeline of a model water drawing system of a seaplane through a water drawing bucket of a primary water drawing system and is expanded into a flow measuring sensor to carry out regular test analysis on the water drawing efficiency and stress conditions under the conditions of different drafts, attitudes and speeds. The liftable free positioning and fastening structure 1 can quickly and effectively change the draft of the model through the axial double limiting and fixing structure so as to develop the water drawing test of the model under different drafts. The main bearing push rod 2 is rigidly connected with the front and the back of the double rods, the pitch angle of the water drawing model 4-3 of the seaplane can be adjusted by adjusting the heights of the double rods in the test process, and the main bearing push rod 2 is rigidly fixed with the front and the back of the double rods in the connection mode, so that the angle adjusting function is realized, the integral rigidity and strength can be effectively ensured, and the test accuracy is improved; the double-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device 3 can quickly adjust the pitch angle of a water drawing model 4-3 of a seaplane through the angle adjusting upper support 3-2 and the angle adjusting lower support 3-3, and simultaneously has the functions that the linear slide block 3-6 and the linear slide rail 3-5 can compensate the change of longitudinal displacement in the angle adjusting process, thereby avoiding the complex conditions that the clamping is not adjustable in the pitch angle adjusting process or the liftable free positioning and fastening structure 1 needs to be loosened in the pitch angle adjusting process, the double-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device 3 fully combines the requirement of self test to quickly expand the pitch angle adjustment, and simultaneously has positioning holes, so that the double-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device 3 can be locked and fixed with the positioning holes 3-7 of the upper seat outer ring through the positioning waist-shaped holes 3-8 of the lower seat outer ring, and the bolt locking and unfolding test of the angle can be quantitatively adjusted through the angle positioning holes 3-10 of the lower seat inner ring and the angle positioning holes 3-11 of the upper seat inner ring. The water drawing system model and the measuring structure device 4 are provided with a first-stage water drawing system 4-2-6, a water drawing hopper 4-2-6-4 can be collected and put down through bolts, the water drawing hopper 4-2-6-4 is put down and the water drawing hopper 4-2-6-4 is collected in the underwater water drawing process of the model respectively, then the stress condition analysis test in the water drawing sliding process is carried out, the test state is changed, the tool is installed quickly and efficiently, simultaneously, the water drawing system model and the measuring structure device have high modularized design advantages and flexible characteristics, a flow measuring sensor 4-2-2 can be adopted to carry out expansion analysis on the flow at the outlets of four pipelines of the model water drawing system structure 4-2 through a module changing method, the changing device is efficient, the cost is reduced, and the measuring structure device has good adaptability, The universality can meet the requirements of different test working conditions. The trailer chassis 5 is a part of a test trailer, and can be used for developing water drawing tests at different speeds by fixing and constraining a model through the trailer chassis 5.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system apparatus of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the liftable freely-positioning fastening structure 1 can quickly and effectively change the draft of the model through the axial double-limiting fixing structure to perform a water drawing test of the model at different drafts. The main bearing push rod 2 for the water drawing test is rigidly connected with the front and the back of the double rods, the function of adjusting the pitch angle of the water drawing model 4-3 of the seaplane can be achieved by adjusting the heights of the double rods in the test process, and the main bearing push rod 2 for the water drawing test adopts a connection mode of rigidly fixing the front and the back of the double rods, so that the angle adjusting function is realized, the integral rigidity and strength can be effectively ensured, and the test accuracy is improved; the double-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device 3 can quickly adjust the pitch angle of a water drawing model 4-3 of a seaplane through the angle adjusting upper support 3-2 and the angle adjusting lower support 3-3, and simultaneously has the functions that the linear slide block 3-6 and the linear slide rail 3-5 can compensate the change of longitudinal displacement in the angle adjusting process, thereby avoiding the complex conditions that the clamping is not adjustable in the pitch angle adjusting process or the liftable free positioning and fastening structure 1 needs to be loosened in the pitch angle adjusting process, the double-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device 3 fully combines the requirement of self test to quickly expand the pitch angle adjustment, and simultaneously has positioning holes, so that the double-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device 3 can be locked and fixed with the positioning holes 3-7 of the upper seat outer ring through the positioning waist-shaped holes 3-8 of the lower seat outer ring, and the bolt locking and unfolding test of the angle can be quantitatively adjusted through the angle positioning holes 3-10 of the lower seat inner ring and the angle positioning holes 3-11 of the upper seat inner ring. The water drawing system model and the measuring structure device 4 have a variable-section low-resistance primary water drawing system 4-2-6, a water drawing bucket 4-2-6-4 can be collected and put down through a bolt, the water drawing bucket 4-2-6-4 is put down and the water drawing bucket 4-2-6-4 is collected in the underwater water drawing process of the model respectively, then a stress condition analysis test in the water drawing sliding process is carried out, the test state is changed, the tool is installed quickly and efficiently, the water drawing system model and the measuring structure device have high modularized design advantages and flexible characteristics, the flow measuring sensor 4-2-2 can be adopted to carry out flow expansion analysis on the outlets of four pipelines of the model water drawing system structure 4-2 through a module changing method, the changing is efficient, the cost is reduced, and the measuring structure device has good adaptability, The universality can meet the requirements of different test working conditions. The trailer chassis 5 is a part of a test trailer, and can be used for developing water drawing tests at different speeds by fixing and constraining a model through the trailer chassis 5.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a liftable free positioning and fastening structure of the present invention.
The liftable free positioning and fastening structure comprises an axial double limiting fixing structure 1-1, a platform upper end fixing tool structure 1-2, a platform lower end fixing tool structure 1-3 and a lower end face adapter plate 1-4, wherein a single main bearing push rod 2 for a single water drawing test is vertically and symmetrically arranged in one set, and the total number of tools is four. The upper part and the lower part of the axial double-limiting fixing structure 1-1 are provided with two axial double-limiting fixing structures 1-1, the flange boss 1-1-9 of the tightener is tightened and fixed through bolts, so that the cylindrical surface of the main bearing push rod 2 for the water drawing test is tightly clamped through a tightening force arm 1-1-3, the preliminary fixing and limiting effects are achieved, 8 locking and positioning threaded holes are matched with the bolts to tightly push the cylindrical surface of the main bearing push rod 2 for the water drawing test through the upper flange surface side end bolt positioning holes 1-1-8 and the lower flange surface side end bolt positioning holes 1-1-7, the test working condition is conveniently adjusted, preliminary accurate limiting is conveniently carried out, and then the work flow of locking is carried out, the double-fixing mode has a highly effective fixing function, the problem of mechanical. The upper end fixing tool structure 1-2 of the platform is the same as the lower end fixing tool structure 1-3 of the platform, the upper end fixing tool structure 1-2 and the lower end fixing tool structure 1-3 of the platform are in bolt fastening connection with the axial dual-limiting fixing structure 1-1 and the lower end fixing tool structure 1-3 of the platform, the trailer chassis 5 is tightly fixed and constrained into a whole in a long screw clamping mode, and the upper end fixing tool structure 1-2 and the lower end fixing tool structure 1-3 of the platform can rotate 360 degrees to adapt to fixing of structures at different positions, so that the universal applicability is achieved.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an axial double-limiting fixing structure of the present invention.
The axial double-limiting fixing structure 1-1 comprises a bearing rod matching fixing hole 1-1-1, an upper tightener positioning hole 1-1-2, a tightener force arm 1-1-3, an upper rotating positioning flange face 1-1-4, a lower rotating positioning flange face 1-1-5, a lower flange face side end bolt positioning hole 1-1-6, an upper flange face side end bolt positioning hole 1-1-7 and a tightener flange boss 1-1-8. The force bearing rods are matched with the fixing holes 1-1-1, four force bearing rods are respectively arranged in an up-down symmetrical mode and are in clearance fit with the cylindrical surface of the main force bearing push rod 2 for the water drawing test, and the clearances on the two sides of the flange boss 1-1-8 of the tightener are attached under the action of the bolt, so that the force arm 1-1-3 of the tightener is tightened inwards, and the cylindrical surface of the main force bearing push rod 2 for the test is tightly locked and positioned by utilizing the force bearing rods to be matched with the fixing holes 1-1-. In order to avoid the problem that the tightening force is reduced due to elastic deformation of the force arm 1-1-3 of the tightener after long-time use, the cylindrical surface of the main force bearing push rod 2 of the water drawing test is tightly propped up through bolts by utilizing the upper connecting and positioning flange surface 1-1-4 and the lower connecting and positioning flange surface 1-1-5, wherein the lower flange surface side end bolt positioning hole 1-1-6 and the upper flange surface side end bolt positioning hole 1-1-7 are welded into a whole, so that secondary fixing and reinforcing are carried out, and the fixing effectiveness and the reliability of the main force bearing push rod 2 of the water drawing test are effectively improved.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the two-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device of the present invention.
The double-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device 3 comprises a main bearing rod lower detachable replaceable flange face 3-1, an angle adjusting upper support 3-2, an angle adjusting lower support 3-3, a lower connecting plate 3-4, a linear slide rail 3-5, a linear slide block 3-6, an upper seat outer ring positioning hole 3-7, a lower seat outer ring positioning waist-shaped hole 3-8, a rotating shaft matching hole 3-9, a lower seat inner ring angle positioning hole 3-10 and an upper seat inner ring angle positioning hole 3-11. Wherein, a detachable and replaceable flange surface 3-1 under the main bearing rod is connected with a main bearing push rod 2 of a water drawing test and an angle adjusting upper support 3-2 through bolts; the angle adjusting upper support 3-2 and the angle adjusting lower support 3-3 are matched and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft matching hole 3-9 through a short shaft, and have the functions of repeated angle limiting and fixing and quantitative angle adjusting, the repeated angle limiting and fixing function is that in the test process of a seaplane water drawing model 4-3, the pitch angle of the seaplane drawing model 4-3 can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the double rods, so as to avoid the condition that the angle of the seaplane drawing model 4-3 is unstable in the stress process due to the installation fit clearance error in the process of connecting the bolt and the shaft, the positioning holes 3-7 of the upper seat outer ring and the positioning waist-shaped holes 3-8 of the lower seat outer ring are fastened and connected by bolts, so that the attitude angle of the water drawing test of the seaplane water drawing model 4-3 is tightly fixed, and the test accuracy is improved. Meanwhile, linear sliding blocks 3-6 in the double-point hinge pin positioning type angle adjusting device 3 are matched and fixed with linear sliding rails 3-5, the linear sliding rails 3-5 are fixedly connected with lower connecting plates 3-4 through bolts, and the change of longitudinal displacement can be compensated in the angle adjusting process through the matching of the linear sliding blocks 3-6 and the linear sliding rails 3-5, so that the problem that clamping is not adjustable in the angle adjusting process is avoided, or the complicated situation that a lifting type free positioning fastening structure needs to be loosened in the angle adjusting process.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a model and a measurement structure device of a water drawing system according to the present invention.
The water drawing system model and measuring structure device 4 comprises a balance switching tool structure 4-1, a model water drawing system structure 4-2, a water drawing model 4-3, a tool positioning and reinforcing structure 4-4 and a balance sensor structure 4-5. The upper end face of a balance switching tool structure 4-1 is connected with a balance sensor structure 4-5 through bolts, the lower end face of the balance switching tool structure is connected with a tool positioning and reinforcing structure 4-4 through bolts in a fastening mode, a model water drawing system structure 4-2 is arranged in a model, water drawing hoppers 4-2-6-4 are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the model to play a water drawing role, and outlets of a three-level water drawing system pipeline 4-2-1 and a four-level water drawing system pipeline 4-2-4 are respectively arranged on the tail end and the front two sides of a water drawing model of the seaplane. The water drawing system model and the measuring structure device 4 can analyze the regularity of the water drawing efficiency and the stress characteristic of the water drawing process under the working conditions of different drafts, attitude angles and speeds, greatly improve the efficiency and diversity of the test and have good comprehensiveness.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a model water drawing system according to the present invention.
The model water drawing system structure 4-2 comprises a three-level water drawing system pipeline 4-2-1, a flow measurement sensor 4-2-2, a two-level water drawing system pipeline 4-2-3, a rubber fixed buffer ring 4-2-4, a four-level water drawing system pipeline 4-2-5 and a variable cross-section low-resistance one-level water drawing system 4-2-6. The three-level water drawing system pipeline 4-2-1 is provided with a flange face at one end and an outlet at the other end, the flange face of the three-level water drawing system pipeline 4-2-1 can be tightly connected with the flange face of the two-level water drawing system pipeline 4-2-3 through bolts and can also be tightly connected with the flow measurement sensor 4-2-2, the three-level water drawing system pipeline 4-2-1 has high connection characteristics and replacement characteristics, and the flow at different pipeline positions can be measured by replacing the position relation of the flow measurement sensor 4-2-2 in the test process so as to reduce the number of the flow measurement sensors 4-2-2, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the test cost. One end of the flow measurement sensor 4-2-2 is connected with the flange surface of the three-level water drawing system pipeline 4-2-1 through a bolt, and the other end of the flow measurement sensor is connected with the flange surface of the two-level water drawing system pipeline 4-2-3 through a bolt; the rubber fixed buffer ring 4-2-4 is matched and fixed with the outlet of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline 4-2-5, so that the rubber fixed buffer ring is conveniently and fixedly connected with a ship body, and the problem that the effective water discharge of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline 4-2-5 is influenced by the falling of a bent pipeline caused by the fact that a long water outlet pipeline of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline 4-2-5 generates continuous vibration is avoided, and the test data are deviated. The water inlet of the variable-section low-resistance one-level water drawing system 4-2-6 is a water drawing bucket 4-2-6-4, and a square section is adopted for improving the water drawing effectiveness. In order to avoid the phenomenon that water flow inside the pipeline generates serious turbulence and reduce the accuracy of measurement of the flow measurement sensor 4-2-2, the pipeline at the upper end of the variable-section low-resistance one-level water drawing system 4-2-6 adopts a streamline arc surface-shaped design structure, and meanwhile, the variable-section low-resistance one-level water drawing system has the effects of reducing the flow resistance of the inner pipeline and improving the water drawing efficiency. The flange surfaces 4-2-6-7 at the upper ends of the primary water drawing systems on the two sides of the upper pipeline are designed to be fastened and connected with the secondary water drawing system pipelines 4-2-3 through bolts, so that the replacement and installation are convenient.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a variable cross-section low resistance one-stage pumping system of the present invention.
The variable-section low-resistance primary water drawing system 4-2-6 comprises a primary water drawing system streamline elbow 4-2-6-1, an inner cavity variable-section streamline pipeline 4-2-6-2, a water drawing bucket lower end adapter structure 4-2-6-3, a water drawing bucket 4-2-6-4, a water drawing bucket upper end pipeline 4-2-6-5, a primary water drawing system lower end flange face 4-2-6-6 and a primary water drawing system upper end flange face 4-2-6-7. The upper end of the streamline elbow 4-2-6-1 of the primary water drawing system is fixedly connected with the pipeline 4-2-3 of the secondary water drawing system through bolts, and the lower end of the streamline elbow is fixedly connected with the pipeline 4-2-6-5 at the upper end of the water drawing hopper through a flange face through bolts, so that the streamline elbow is convenient to disassemble, replace and install. The streamline elbow 4-2-6-1 of the one-level water drawing system is designed into a one-inlet two-outlet type pipeline, and the inner cavity of the pipeline is an arc inner wall, so that the phenomenon that water flow in the pipeline generates serious turbulence is avoided, the accuracy of measurement of the flow measurement sensor 4-2-2 is reduced, and the flow resistance of the inner pipeline is reduced. The outer wall of the inner cavity variable cross section streamline pipeline 4-2-6-2 is a cylindrical surface, the inner part of the inner cavity variable cross section streamline pipeline is a smooth circular transition cambered surface, the inner pipeline has the characteristic of small resistance, a square water inlet can be smoothly converted into the cylindrical inner cavity pipeline, the outer cylindrical surface is matched and fixed with the inner cavity of the upper end pipeline 4-2-6-5 of the water drawing bucket, and the defects of large integrally processed parts, complicated shape, high processing technical requirement and high cost are avoided. The transfer structure 4-2-6-3 at the lower end of the water drawing bucket is of a metal structure, the upper end of the transfer structure is connected with the flange face at the lower end of the pipeline 4-2-6-5 at the upper end of the water drawing bucket through bolts, and the lower end of the transfer structure is fixedly connected with the bolt 4-2-6-4 of the water drawing bucket, so that the water drawing bucket 4-2-6-4 can be conveniently disassembled and installed, and the load characteristics of the water drawing bucket when the water drawing bucket is folded and put down in the water drawing test process can be better analyzed. The water drawing bucket 4-2-6-4 is of a metal structure with a square water inlet cavity.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A water drawing test device with controllable adjustment of sliding posture and draught is characterized by comprising two groups of main bearing push rods, a lifting type free positioning and fastening structure, an angle adjusting device, a water drawing system model and measuring structure devices and a trailer chassis;
the trailer chassis is provided with double-track structures which are parallel to each other along the advancing direction of the trailer, the two groups of main bearing push rods respectively penetrate through the trailer chassis and the liftable free positioning and fastening structure and are vertically fixed below the trailer chassis through the liftable free positioning and fastening structure, so that the height position adjustment and the positioning of the main bearing push rods are realized, and further the draft adjustment and the draft control are realized; the water drawing system model and the measuring structure device are fixed at the lower part of one end of the two groups of main bearing push rods, which is far away from the trailer chassis, through the angle adjusting device, so that the positioning and the regulation of the sliding posture of the water drawing system model are realized.
2. The water drawing test device with the controllable and adjustable sliding posture and draft according to claim 1, wherein the liftable free positioning and fastening structure comprises an axial double limiting fixing piece, an upper end face adapter plate, a platform upper end fixing tool structure, a platform lower end fixing tool structure and a lower end face adapter plate; the upper end face adapter plate is arranged above the upper end fixing tool structure through a bolt; the lower end face adapter plate is arranged below the lower end fixing tool structure through a bolt; the axial double-limiting fixing piece is symmetrically sleeved on the main bearing push rod relative to the upper mirror surface and the lower mirror surface of the trailer chassis and is respectively connected with the upper end face adapter plate and the lower end face adapter plate in a positioning mode through bolts.
3. The water drawing test device with the controllable and adjustable sliding attitude and draft according to claim 2, wherein the axial double-limiting fixing part comprises an upper end tightener, an upper connecting and positioning flange surface, a round pipe fitting and a lower connecting and positioning flange surface; the upper end tightener is in a hoop shape, a bearing rod matching fixing hole is formed in the center of the upper end tightener, tightening force arms are arranged on two sides of an opening of the fixing hole, a tightener flange boss extends outwards, a threaded hole is formed in the tightener flange boss, and the upper end tightener is used for locking the main bearing push rod by tightening a bolt; the upper end tightener is also provided with a positioning hole which is connected with the upper rotating positioning flange surface in a positioning way through a bolt; the upper transfer positioning flange face, the round pipe fitting and the lower transfer positioning flange face are sequentially and integrally connected from top to bottom; a plurality of bolt positioning holes are further formed in the circumferential side faces of the upper transfer positioning flange face and the lower transfer positioning flange face, and the main bearing push rod can be subjected to double positioning and locking through tightening of side face bolts.
4. The water drawing test device with the controllable and adjustable sliding attitude and draft according to claim 1, wherein a detachable and replaceable flange surface is mounted on the lower end surface of the main bearing push rod, and the angle adjusting device comprises an angle adjusting upper support, an angle adjusting lower support and a lower connecting plate; the upper end of the angle adjusting upper support is connected with the lower end of the main bearing push rod through the detachable replaceable flange surface; the angle adjusting upper support is of a single-lug structure, and a rotating shaft matching hole, an upper seat outer ring positioning hole and an upper seat inner ring angle positioning hole are formed in a lug of the angle adjusting upper support; the angle adjusting lower support is of a double-lug structure, and a rotating shaft matching hole, a lower seat outer ring positioning waist-shaped hole and a lower seat inner ring angle positioning hole which are correspondingly matched with the angle adjusting upper support are symmetrically formed in lug pieces of the angle adjusting lower support; the angle adjusting upper support and the angle adjusting lower support are hinged through a rotating shaft, and angle positioning is realized through corresponding inner ring positioning holes and outer ring positioning holes by utilizing pin shafts; the lower connecting plate is fixed below the angle adjusting lower support through bolts.
5. The water drawing test device with the controllable sliding posture and draft degree as claimed in claim 4, wherein a plurality of inner ring positioning holes and outer ring positioning holes are formed in the angle adjusting upper support and the angle adjusting lower support in a circumferentially uniform manner, so that quantitative angle adjustment is realized, and meanwhile, the accuracy and repeatability of the test are ensured.
6. The water drawing test device with the controllable adjustment of the sliding attitude and the draft according to claim 4, wherein a linear slide rail is further arranged on the lower connection plate corresponding to the joint of one group of main bearing push rods and the lower angle adjustment support, the lower angle adjustment support is correspondingly provided with a linear slide block in sliding fit with the linear slide rail, the change of longitudinal displacement can be compensated in the process of angle adjustment, and the phenomenon that clamping is not adjustable in the process of angle adjustment is avoided.
7. The device for the water drawing test with the controllable and adjustable gliding attitude and draft according to claim 1, wherein the device for the water drawing system model and the measuring structure comprises a balance transfer tool structure, a model water drawing system structure, a seaplane water drawing model, a tool positioning and reinforcing structure and a balance sensor structure; the balance sensor structure is horizontally fixed below the lower connection plate through a bolt; the balance switching tool structure comprises two groups of I-shaped structures which are arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode and are fixed below the balance sensor structure through bolts respectively; the seaplane drawing model is fixed below the balance switching tool structure through the tool positioning and reinforcing structure; the model water drawing system structure is arranged in the seaplane water drawing model and extends out of the front end, two sides and the lower part of the seaplane water drawing model respectively.
8. The device for the controlled adjustment of the planing attitude and the draft of claim 7, wherein the model water drawing system structure comprises two groups of pipelines which are bilaterally symmetrical along the advancing direction of the trailer, wherein each group of pipelines comprises a three-level water drawing system pipeline, a flow measuring sensor, a two-level water drawing system pipeline, a four-level water drawing system pipeline and a one-level water drawing system;
one end of the three-stage water drawing system pipeline is a flange surface, the other end of the three-stage water drawing system pipeline is an outlet, and the outlet end extends out of the front end of the seaplane water drawing model; the primary water drawing system is integrally T-shaped, wherein two ends of the transverse pipeline are provided with flange surfaces; the second-stage water drawing system pipeline comprises two sections, wherein flange surfaces are arranged at two ends of each section, one section is used for connecting the third-stage water drawing system pipeline with the first-stage water drawing system, and the other section is used for connecting the fourth-stage water drawing system pipeline with the first-stage water drawing system; one end of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline is provided with a flange surface, the other end of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline is an outlet, and the outlet end extends out of one side of the water drawing model of the overwater airplane;
the flange surface of the three-stage water drawing system pipeline is connected with the flange surface of one section of the two-stage water drawing system pipeline through a bolt, the flange surface of the other end of the two-stage water drawing system pipeline is connected with the flange surface of one end of the one-stage water drawing system transverse pipeline through a bolt, and the flange surface of the other end of the one-stage water drawing system transverse pipeline is connected with the flange surface of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline through a bolt;
both ends of the flow measuring sensor are provided with flange surfaces, and both ends of the flow measuring sensor can be respectively connected with the flange surface of the three-stage water drawing system pipeline and the two-stage water drawing system pipeline; or the flange surfaces are respectively connected with the flange surfaces of the pipelines of the two-stage water drawing system and the flange surfaces of the pipelines of the four-stage water drawing system, and the flow at different pipeline positions can be measured by replacing the position relation of the flow measuring sensors according to requirements in the test process so as to reduce the number of the flow measuring sensors.
9. The device for testing the water drawing with the controllable and adjustable sliding attitude and draft according to claim 8, wherein the model water drawing system structure further comprises a rubber fixed buffering ring, and the rubber fixed buffering ring is matched and fixed with the outlet end of the four-stage water drawing system pipeline.
10. The device for testing the water drawing with the controllable and adjustable sliding attitude and draft according to any one of claims 8 or 9, wherein the primary water drawing system comprises a streamlined elbow of the primary water drawing system, a switching structure at the lower end of the water drawing bucket, a pipeline at the upper end of the water drawing bucket and the water drawing bucket;
the integral first-stage water drawing system is T-shaped, and the streamline elbow of the first-stage water drawing system is transited from a transverse pipeline to a longitudinal pipeline; the lower end of the longitudinal pipeline is fixedly connected with the pipeline at the upper end of the water drawing bucket through a flange surface; the pipeline at the upper end of the water drawing bucket extends downwards to be transited into an inner cavity variable-section streamline pipeline, the outer wall of the pipeline is a cylindrical surface, and the inner part of the pipeline is a smooth round transition cambered surface; the water drawing bucket is connected with the pipeline at the upper end of the water drawing bucket through a water drawing bucket lower end switching structure.
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