CN112807988A - Soil filtering and deodorizing system and method - Google Patents
Soil filtering and deodorizing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/84—Biological processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/84—Biological processes
- B01D53/85—Biological processes with gas-solid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/95—Specific microorganisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/304—Hydrogen sulfide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/306—Organic sulfur compounds, e.g. mercaptans
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/406—Ammonia
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste gas treatment, and particularly relates to a soil filtering and deodorizing system and method. The soil filtering and deodorizing system comprises a humidifying device, an air inducing device, an air distributing device and a filtering device which are sequentially communicated, wherein the filtering device is provided with a compact layer, an active layer and a loose layer from bottom to top; the active layer is the mixture of cow dung and straw, can provide nutrient composition for the microorganism, except common nitrogen phosphorus potassium element, can also provide microelement, such as manganese, selenium, copper, zinc etc. make the microorganism breed fast, and foul gas can be by better degradation at the active layer, has improved soil filtration deodorization system and has got rid of the efficiency of foul gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste gas treatment, and particularly relates to a soil filtering and deodorizing system and method.
Background
With the enhancement of environmental awareness of people, the requirements on the environmental quality are higher and higher, the odor pollution is a sense public nuisance, and the daily life of people is seriously influenced by the odor substances. The odor is perceived as being due to its high volatility and hydrophilic and lipophilic nature. The odor cause of the malodorous substance is mainly due to the fact that the malodorous substance contains characteristic odorous groups, and the odorous group-containing gas molecules act with olfactory cells to transmit information to brain nerves through olfactory nerves, so that the odor identification is completed. Malodorous substances may be classified into 5 groups according to their chemical composition, i.e., sulfur-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, oxygen-containing organic compounds, halogen derivatives, and hydrocarbon compounds.
The odor treatment technology mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method, a biological method and an ionic method. The physical method is a method for diluting, shielding or transferring the concentration of the malodorous gas by physical means such as dilution diffusion, shielding, liquefaction separation, water washing, adsorption and the like, and does not really remove the malodorous gas. The chemical method is to convert malodorous gas components into odorless substances by using chemical agents or chemical methods, and is mainly used for removing high-concentration odor with complex components, but the chemical agents can bring secondary pollution. The principle of the ion method is that active ions such as positive and negative oxygen ions, positive and negative electrons, free radicals and the like are generated by a generating device, and chemical bonds of malodorous gas molecules are opened by the ions to decompose the malodorous gas molecules into CO2And H2And O, ions emitted by the ion generating device collide with dust particles and solid particles in the air, so that the charged particles generate polymerization, and formed larger particles are settled by the self gravity, so that the ions emitted by the ion generating device can also mutually generate the interaction with indoor static electricity, peculiar smell and the like, the environment where bacteria exist in the air is effectively destroyed, the indoor bacteria concentration is reduced, and the bacteria are completely eliminated. The ion method includes a high energy ion method, a low temperature plasma method, and a photocatalytic oxidation method, but the ion method generally has a high cost. The biological method generally uses organic matters and mineral substances in soil to adsorb and concentrate odor into the soil, and then uses microorganisms in the soil to degrade the odor.
Chinese patent document CN11168574A discloses a regulation type biological soil deodorization system, in which a coarse filtration layer is arranged at the bottom inside a box body, a biological filler layer is arranged above the coarse filtration layer, an active soil layer is arranged above the biological filler layer, and green plants are planted on the top of the active soil layer, wherein the coarse filtration layer is made of gravel with a porosity of 45-47%, and the biological filler layer is sandy soil with filtration performance. Malodorous gas still remains in the gas treated by the deodorization system, and the removal efficiency cannot be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects that the removal efficiency of malodorous gas in the prior art cannot be further improved, and malodorous gas still remains in the removed gas, etc., so as to provide a soil filtration and deodorization system and method.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a soil filtering and deodorizing system, which comprises a humidifying device, an air inducing device, an air distributing device and a filtering device, wherein the humidifying device, the air inducing device and the air distributing device are sequentially communicated;
a compact layer, an active layer and a loose layer are arranged in the filtering device from bottom to top;
the porosity of the active layer is 28-30%, and the pore diameter is 0.04-0.07 mm; the active layer is a mixture of cow dung and straws;
the porosity of the loose layer is 40-50%, and the pore diameter is 0.05-0.1 mm; the loose layer is sandy soil;
the porosity of the compact layer is 15-20%, and the pore diameter is 0.01-0.05 mm; the compact layer comprises straw humus soil, perlite and black carbon.
The thickness of the active layer is 20-30 cm;
the thickness of the compact layer is 80-100 cm;
the thickness of the loose layer is 20-30 cm.
The dense layer comprises the following components in a mass ratio of (72-78): (18-21): (4-6) straw humus, perlite and black carbon.
The porosity of the active layer is 29-30%, and the pore diameter is 0.05-0.06 mm; the active layer is prepared from (5-7) by mass: (3-5) a mixture of cow dung and straw;
the porosity of the loose layer is 40-44%, and the pore diameter is 0.07-0.09 mm; the loose layer is sandy soil;
the porosity of the compact layer is 16-18%, and the pore diameter is 0.02-0.04 mm; the dense layer comprises a mass ratio of 75: 20: 5 straw humus, perlite and black carbon.
The active layer is also sprayed with microorganism stock solution;
the microorganism is at least one of sulfurous bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, spore bacteria and pseudomonas;
the spraying amount of the microorganism stock solution is 150-230g/m2。
The upper layer of the loose layer is provided with a green plant layer.
The soil filtering and deodorizing system is also provided with a cobble layer, and the gas distribution device is arranged in the cobble layer.
The invention also provides a soil filtering and deodorizing method, which adopts the soil filtering and deodorizing system and comprises the following steps,
and collecting malodorous gas, humidifying the malodorous gas, uniformly distributing the malodorous gas at the bottom of the filtering device, and sequentially degrading the malodorous gas and discharging the malodorous gas.
The soil filtering and deodorizing method also comprises the step of absorbing the degraded gas.
The malodorous gas comes from sewage plants, farms or chemical plants.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a soil filtering and deodorizing system which comprises a humidifying device, an air inducing device, an air distributing device and a filtering device which are sequentially communicated, wherein the filtering device is provided with a compact layer, an active layer and a loose layer from bottom to top; the active layer is the mixture of cow dung and straw, can provide nutrient composition for the microorganism, except common nitrogen phosphorus potassium element, can also provide microelement, such as manganese, selenium, copper, zinc etc. make the microorganism breed fast, and foul gas can be by better degradation at the active layer, has improved soil filtration deodorization system and has got rid of the efficiency of foul gas. The dense layer and the active layer are mainly used for degrading malodorous gas, and the loose layer plays a role in supplementing degradation, so that the undegraded malodorous gas in the active layer is further degraded, and the undegraded malodorous gas is prevented from remaining; in addition, the loose layer can also provide oxygen for microorganisms in the active layer, and promote the microorganisms to rapidly degrade malodorous gases. According to the invention, the porosity and components of the loose layer, the active layer and the compact layer are limited, so that the three layers can play a synergistic effect to the greatest extent, the effect of the soil filtering and deodorizing system on degrading malodorous gas is improved, and the malodorous gas is prevented from being remained in the degraded gas. Meanwhile, the soil deodorization system provided by the invention has a good removal effect on malodorous gases, such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, methylamine, methyl sulfide and the like, and particularly has a remarkable removal effect on malodorous gases such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and the like.
The system can be suitable for enterprises and industries generating peculiar smells in sewage plants, farms, chemical plants and the like.
2. According to the soil filtering and deodorizing system provided by the invention, the degradation effect of malodorous gas can be further improved by optimizing the porosity, the pore diameter and the components of the active layer, the compact layer and the loose layer. In particular, the ratio of cow dung to straws in the active layer is (5-7): (3-5), the dense layer comprises a mixture of, by mass, 75: 20: 5, the rotten soil, the perlite and the black carbon have the best effect of removing malodorous gases.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of a soil filtration and deodorization system in example 1 of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1-malodorous gas pipeline; 2, a humidifier; 3, a fan; 4-a valve; 5-a drainage well; 6-cobble layer; 7-air distribution device; 8-a dense layer; 9-an active layer; 10-a loose layer; 11-green plant layer; 12-a shower head;
7-1-air distributing port.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a soil filtering and deodorizing system, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a humidifying device, an air inducing device, an air distributing device and a filtering device which are sequentially communicated; wherein,
the humidifying device comprises a malodorous gas pipeline 1 and a humidifier 2, the malodorous gas pipeline 1 is used for introducing malodorous gas into the soil filtering and deodorizing system, the malodorous gas pipeline 1 can be made of stainless steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the flow of the malodorous gas can be adjusted according to the diameter of the pipeline; the humidifier 2 is used for increasing the humidity of the malodorous gas, promoting the dissolution of the malodorous gas and facilitating the microbial degradation of the malodorous gas. In the present embodiment, the material of the malodorous gas duct 1 is stainless steel.
The induced draft device comprises a fan 3 and a valve 4, the fan 3 conveys the malodorous gas into the gas distribution device, and the valve 4 controls the flow of the malodorous gas. Fan 3 adopts low noise centrifuge, has the vibration isolator simultaneously, is equipped with the sound-proof housing, has good noise reduction effect, and the material is glass steel, and corrosion resistance is excellent.
The gas distribution device 7 is provided with a plurality of gas distribution ports 7-1, and the gas distribution device 7 is used for uniformly distributing the malodorous gas at the bottom of the filtering device, so that the malodorous gas uniformly passes through the compact layer, the active layer and the loose layer and is fully contacted with microorganisms to completely degrade the malodorous gas; the gas distribution device 7 is arranged in the cobblestone layer 6, cobblestones are uniformly distributed on two sides of the gas distribution device 7, and the cobblestone layer is used for protecting the gas distribution device and preventing the gas distribution port 7-1 from being blocked by soil and the like.
The filtering device is communicated with the gas distribution device 7, and the gas distribution device 7 is arranged at the bottom of the filtering device, so that the malodorous gas in the gas distribution device is uniformly dispersed at the bottom of the filtering device; the inside of the filtering device is sequentially provided with a compact layer 8, an active layer 9, a loose layer 10 and a green plant layer 11 from bottom to top; the porosity of the compact layer 8 is 15-20%, the pore diameter is 0.01-0.05mm, the thickness is 80-100cm, and the components of the compact layer comprise straw humus, perlite and black carbon; the active layer 9 is a mixture of cow dung and straws, the porosity of the active layer is 28-30%, the thickness of the active layer is 20-30cm, the active layer provides nutrition and required trace elements for microorganisms to rapidly propagate, so that malodorous gases are fully degraded, and the malodorous gases are removed; the loose layer 10 is sandy soil, the porosity of the loose layer is 40-50%, the diameter of the pore is 0.05-0.1mm, and the thickness is 20-30 cm. The green layer of planting 11 sets up in loose layer 10 top, and green plants and plants on the layer 11, still is provided with shower head 12 simultaneously, sprays the running water on the green layer of planting surface. The bottom of the filter device is provided with a drainage well 5 for draining water at the bottom of the filter device and ensuring that the soil humidity is 50-60%.
In a preferred embodiment, a microbial stock solution is further sprayed on the surface of the active layer 9, and the microbes are at least one of sulfurous bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, bacillus and pseudomonas; the spraying amount of the microorganism stock solution is 150-230g/m2。
As another preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the cow dung to the straws in the active layer is (5-7): (3-5), the porosity of the active layer is 29-30%, and the pore diameter is 0.05-0.06 mm. The porosity of the loose layer is 40-44%, and the pore diameter is 0.07-0.09 mm. The porosity of the compact layer is 16-18%, and the pore diameter is 0.02-0.04 mm; the dense layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass (72-78): (18-21): (4-6) the humus, perlite and black charcoal of grass, preferably 75: 20: 5.
the working principle of the soil filtering and deodorizing system is as follows: collect foul gas, get into humidifier 2 through foul gas pipeline 1 in, foul gas after the humidification gets into the gas distribution device behind the induced air device, evenly get into filter equipment through a plurality of gas distribution mouths, degrade through dense layer and active layer in proper order, loose layer is discharged after degrading once more, through green layer release of planting, gas after foul gas degrades is carbon dioxide and water, green planting of planting the layer absorbs the utilization, other discharges to the partial gas after degrading.
In the embodiment, the mass ratio of the cow dung to the straws in the active layer is 7:3, the porosity of the active layer is 30%, the diameter of the pore is 0.05-0.06mm, the thickness is 20cm, the surface of the active layer is also sprayed with a microorganism stock solution, the microorganism is spore bacteria, and the spraying amount is 200g/m2. The porosity of the loose layer is 41%, the diameter of the pores is 0.07-0.09mm, the thickness is 20cm, and the loose layer is sandy soil. The porosity of the compact layer is 15%, the pore diameter is 0.02-0.04mm, the thickness is 100cm, and the compact layer comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 75: 20: 5 straw humus, perlite and black carbon.
The embodiment also provides a soil filtering and deodorizing method, which adopts the soil filtering and deodorizing system and comprises the following steps,
collecting malodorous gas, humidifying the malodorous gas, uniformly distributing the malodorous gas at the bottom of the filtering device, sequentially degrading the malodorous gas by the compact layer, the active layer and the loose layer, degrading the malodorous gas into water and carbon dioxide, discharging the degraded gas from the green plant layer, partially absorbing the degraded gas by plants in the green plant layer, and partially releasing and discharging the degraded gas.
Comparative example 1
The present comparative example provides a soil filtration deodorization system, which is different from example 1 in the porosity and pore diameter of the dense layer, the active layer and the loose layer, the soil filtration deodorization method is the same as example 1, and the parameters of the dense layer, the active layer and the loose layer in the present comparative example are as follows:
the mass ratio of cow dung to straw in the active layer is 7:3, the porosity of the active layer is 35%, the diameter of the pore is 0.1-0.12mm, the thickness is 20cm, the surface of the active layer is also sprayed with a microorganism stock solution, the microorganism is bacillus, and the spraying amount is 200g/m2. The porosity of the loose layer is 52%, the diameter of the pores is 0.15-0.18mm, the thickness is 20cm, and the loose layer is sandy soil. The compact layer has a porosity of 23%, a pore diameter of 0.05-0.06mm and a thickness of 100cm, the dense layer comprises a mass ratio of 75: 20: 5 straw humus, perlite and black carbon.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a soil filtration and deodorization system, which is different from example 1 in that the active layer is removed, and is otherwise the same as example 1, and the soil filtration and deodorization method is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a soil filtration and deodorization system, which is different from example 1 in the composition of the active layer, and is otherwise the same as example 1, and the soil filtration and deodorization method is the same as example 1, and the active layer in this comparative example is wood chips.
Test examples
The test is carried out by using the gas discharged by a sewage plant, the test example provides performance tests and test results of the degraded gas in example 1 and comparative examples 1-3, the concentration of odor in the gas discharged by the sewage plant is shown in table 1, the odor is composed of various substances, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and methyl mercaptan in the odor is shown in table 1, the content of the odor in the gas is obtained by testing through a three-point specific odor method, and the content of the hydrogen sulfide, the ammonia gas and the methyl mercaptan is obtained by testing through a gas chromatography.
The specific test method comprises the following steps: the gas discharged from the sewage plant was used as a test gas, the discharged gas was collected and introduced into the soil filtration and deodorization systems provided in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively, to be degraded, the released gas was collected, and the content of odor in the gas released from the soil filtration and deodorization system and the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and methyl mercaptan in the odor were tested, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 deodorizing Effect of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 soil filtration deodorizing System
Note: c1 in table 1 represents the concentration of odor in the gas discharged from the sewage plant, and C2 represents the content of each odor component in the gas discharged from the sewage plant. Z1 represents the concentration of odor of the gas discharged from sewage plant after deodorization by the system of the invention; z2 represents the content of each odor component in the gas discharged from the sewage plant after the gas is deodorized by the system of the present invention.
Through the experimental results in table 1, it can be seen that the soil filtration and deodorization system provided by the invention can significantly improve the degradation effect of malodorous gases by controlling the porosity, pore diameter and components of each layer of the dense layer, the active layer and the loose layer. By controlling the porosity and the pore diameter of each layer, the removal rate of hydrogen sulfide is 98.9 percent, the removal rate of ammonia gas is 96 percent, the removal rate of methyl mercaptan is 97.1 percent, and the removal rate of odor is as high as more than 99.8 percent, parameters such as the porosity and the pore diameter of each layer of the soil filtering and deodorizing system have larger influence on odor removal, the parameter setting of each layer is more important to the soil filtering and deodorizing system, and the comparison example 1 shows that the odor removal effect is also larger even if the micro adjustment has larger influence on the deodorizing effect.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soil filtering and deodorizing system comprises a humidifying device, an air inducing device and an air distributing device which are sequentially communicated, and is characterized by also comprising a filtering device, wherein the filtering device is communicated with the air distributing device;
a compact layer, an active layer and a loose layer are arranged in the filtering device from bottom to top;
the porosity of the active layer is 28-30%, and the pore diameter is 0.04-0.07 mm; the active layer is a mixture of cow dung and straws;
the porosity of the loose layer is 40-50%, and the pore diameter is 0.05-0.1 mm; the loose layer is sandy soil;
the porosity of the compact layer is 15-20%, and the pore diameter is 0.01-0.05 mm; the compact layer comprises straw humus soil, perlite and black carbon.
2. The soil filtration and deodorization system of claim 1, wherein the active layer has a thickness of 20-30 cm;
the thickness of the compact layer is 80-100 cm;
the thickness of the loose layer is 20-30 cm.
3. The soil filtration and deodorization system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dense layer comprises a mass ratio of (72-78): (18-21): (4-6) straw humus, perlite and black carbon.
4. The soil filtration and deodorization system as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein said active layer has a porosity of 29-30% and a pore diameter of 0.05-0.06 mm; the active layer is prepared from (5-7) by mass: (3-5) a mixture of cow dung and straw;
the porosity of the loose layer is 40-44%, and the pore diameter is 0.07-0.09 mm; the loose layer is sandy soil;
the porosity of the compact layer is 16-18%, and the pore diameter is 0.02-0.04 mm; the dense layer comprises a mass ratio of 75: 20: 5 straw humus, perlite and black carbon.
5. The soil filtration and deodorization system as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein said active layer is further sprayed with a microbial stock solution;
the microorganism is at least one of sulfurous bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, spore bacteria and pseudomonas;
the spraying amount of the microorganism stock solution is 150-230g/m2。
6. The soil filtration and deodorization system as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein a green plant layer is disposed on the upper layer of the loose layer.
7. The soil filtration and deodorization system as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, further comprising a pebble bed, wherein said gas distribution device is disposed in said pebble bed.
8. A soil filtration and deodorization method using the soil filtration and deodorization system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of,
and collecting malodorous gas, humidifying the malodorous gas, uniformly distributing the malodorous gas at the bottom of the filtering device, and sequentially degrading the malodorous gas and discharging the malodorous gas.
9. The soil filtration deodorization method according to claim 8, further comprising a step of absorbing the degraded gas.
10. The soil filtration deodorization method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the malodorous gas originates from a sewage plant, a farm, or a chemical plant.
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