CN112806966B - Non-interference type early warning system for sleep apnea - Google Patents
Non-interference type early warning system for sleep apnea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-interference type early warning system for apnea in sleep, which comprises: the system comprises a control center, an infrared temperature measurement module, a micro-pressure sensing module, an alarm module and a user terminal; the infrared temperature measurement module is used for collecting thermal imaging images, the micro-pressure sensing module is used for collecting pressure data, the alarm module is used for transmitting alarm signals of apnea, and the user terminal is used for displaying real-time pressure data, real-time thermal imaging images and alarm information; the control center receives the thermal imaging image and the pressure data, carries out target tracking on the thermal imaging image flow, classifies and records sleeping postures, and judges whether a breathing interference action occurs or not; judging and analyzing the pressure value detected by the micro-pressure sensing module, judging whether the breath of the user is normal or not according to the pressure change value between two breaths, judging whether the sleep breath is paused or not by combining the breath interference action, and outputting an alarm signal. The invention can realize non-interference measurement and multi-aspect combined monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sleep monitoring, in particular to a non-interference type apnea early warning system in sleep.
Background
Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder that occurs primarily when an individual's breathing is interrupted during sleep. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and alarm the apnea in sleep.
One common limitation of the prior art is that the sleep condition cannot be monitored without interference, and certain influence is caused on the sleep of people. The existing sleep apnea collecting and analyzing system based on dynamic electrocardiogram and respiratory wave collection adopts a set of wearable analyzing system, a dynamic electrocardiogram recorder is used for synchronously recording dynamic electrocardiogram and respiratory wave, the acquired data are subjected to derivation and image display analysis by utilizing 2 indexes of HRV and respiratory wave, and the method for monitoring the sleep apnea condition during sleep can generate certain influence on the sleep condition of a tested person. The existing monitoring device can also be made into a portable device so as to be used at home, but an external device needs to be worn, which also can affect the sleeping condition of the tested person.
In addition, infrared thermal imaging techniques have been used in some studies to monitor sleep breathing. The basic principle of this method is to capture the temperature fluctuation around the nose and mouth during breathing and determine the breathing condition by analyzing the results of the fluctuation. Meanwhile, some researches advocate that a face capture system is adopted when the infrared thermal imaging technology is used for monitoring the sleep breathing condition; the main limitation of monitoring by using the infrared thermal imaging technology is that if the sleeping posture is changed, the sleeping breathing condition is difficult to output accurately under the condition that the face tracking cannot be performed accurately. If a face recognition system is added, the difficulty in compiling the algorithm is increased for the first time, and point-to-point recognition needs to be carried out; the second monitoring data is richer, for example, if the face recognition system is not added, when the tested person embeds the head into a quilt, the temperature fluctuation is slightly insufficient only by testing.
There is also a wearable ring that can monitor heart rate, blood oxygen saturation level, perfusion index, and amount of movement during sleep, while only monitoring blood flow through the capillaries in the finger. Although sleep monitoring can be performed through data such as capillary flow, the products have the limitation that early warning cannot be timely achieved. The device adopts vibration prompt and can tell the user a complete sleep state report, but in terms of alarm effect, the alarm by using vibration is not enough to solve the early warning problem of sleep apnea, and the alarm cannot be given timely and effectively.
In summary, the prior art generally has some disadvantages, including: the monitoring method is greatly limited in use because of the incapability of achieving complete non-interference monitoring, single monitoring data, incapability of timely and effectively giving an alarm and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a non-interference type sleep apnea early warning system, solves the problem that the sleep of a detected person is affected in the prior art, can monitor the breathing condition of the detected person in the sleep under the completely natural condition, and realizes non-interference measurement and multi-aspect combined monitoring.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a non-interference type apnea early warning system in sleep, comprising: the system comprises a control center, an infrared temperature measurement module, a micro-pressure sensing module, an alarm module and a user terminal;
the infrared temperature measurement module, the micro-pressure sensing module, the alarm module and the user terminal are all connected with the control center;
the system comprises an infrared temperature measurement module, a micro-pressure sensing module, an alarm module and a user terminal, wherein the infrared temperature measurement module is used for collecting thermal imaging images, the micro-pressure sensing module is used for collecting pressure data, the alarm module is used for transmitting alarm signals of apnea, and the user terminal is used for displaying real-time pressure data, real-time thermal imaging images and alarm information;
the control center is used for receiving the thermal imaging image and the pressure data, carrying out target tracking on the thermal imaging image flow, classifying and recording sleeping postures and judging whether breathing interference action occurs or not;
judging and analyzing the pressure value detected by the micro-pressure sensing module, judging whether the breath of the user is normal according to the pressure change value between two breaths, judging whether the sleep breath is suspended or not by combining the breath interference action, and outputting an alarm signal.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the system is further provided with a camera module, the camera module is connected with the control center, and the camera module is used for collecting camera video stream data.
As a preferred technical solution, the pressure sensor is made of a flexible material.
The invention also provides an early warning method of the non-interference type apnea early warning system in sleep, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out target tracking on a thermal imaging image stream acquired by an infrared temperature measurement module, constructing a BP (back propagation) neural network for sleep posture classification training to obtain a sleep posture classifier, classifying and recording sleep postures by the sleep posture classifier, and judging whether the current sleep posture is the same as the sleep posture at the last moment or not;
detecting a face area as an interested area of the infrared temperature measurement module, acquiring an average gray value of the interested area, performing Kalman filtering on the average gray value, and calculating the time of adjacent wave crests of filtered data and taking the time as a breathing cycle;
setting the number n of breathing cycles, and if the number of the continuous n calculated breathing cycles exceeds the set range of the normal breathing cycle, judging that the breathing is abnormal;
judging and analyzing the pressure value detected by the micro-pressure sensing module, and judging that the breath of the user is normal if the pressure change value between two breaths is smaller than a preset value; if the pressure change value between two breaths is a preset value or exceeds the preset value and the next pressure value from the micro-pressure sensor is not received in the normal breathing time interval, recording the current time;
judging whether the sleeping posture of the current time is the same as the sleeping posture of the previous time by the sleeping posture classifier, and if not, judging that a breathing interference action occurs; if no breathing interference action occurs, the sleep apnea is judged, and an alarm signal is output.
As a preferred technical scheme, the sleeping posture classifier classifies and records sleeping postures, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
let the set of user's sleep postures be C＝{C 1 ，C 2 ，C 3 Establishing a corresponding data set, wherein the data set comprises (1) supine lying, left lying and right lying;
the BP neural network is trained by adopting the corresponding data set to obtain a sleeping posture classifier;
the sleeping posture classifier outputs a judgment result, when the sleeping posture at the current time is different from the sleeping posture at the previous time, the time t when the sleeping posture changes is stored, and finally the ordered vector S of the sleeping posture change time in the sleeping process is obtained all ＝[t 1 ，t 2 ，… N ]。
As a preferred technical solution, the obtaining of the average gray value of the region of interest specifically includes:
where rm, rn are the width and height of the region of interest, respectively, and k represents an arbitrary time instant.
As a preferred technical scheme, kalman filtering is performed on the average gray value, and a specific calculation formula is as follows:
z k ＝AS k +υ k
P k|k-1 ＝AP k-1|k-1 A T +Q
K k ＝P k|k-1 A T (AP k|k-1 A T +R) -1
P k|k ＝(I-K k A)P k|k-1
where A represents the measurement state transition matrix, upsilon k N (0, R) represents the observed noise satisfying the Gaussian distributionR represents the measurement noise covariance, z k Represents the observed value at time k and,
representing the a priori state estimates at time k,
respectively representing the posterior state estimated values of k-1 and k time; p is k|k-1 Representing the prior estimated covariance, P, of time k k-1|k-1 、P k|k Respectively representing the posterior state estimation covariance of k-1 and k time; q represents a process noise covariance matrix; k k Representing the kalman gain.
As a preferred technical solution, the calculating time of adjacent peaks of the filtered data and using the time as a breathing cycle includes:
at the k-th moment, if satisfied
And is provided with
Then the k time
Let it be C for the first peak point l ＝k；
The time difference between two adjacent peaks is the respiratory cycle calculated from the peak point of the first wave, i.e. T l ＝C l -C l-1 ；
Normal breathing cycle range is set to [ T ] low ,T high ]。
As a preferred technical solution, the output alarm signal specifically adopts any one or more of the following alarm modes:
the method comprises the steps of waking up a user by vibration, notifying family members of the user by a bound mobile phone and notifying a rescue unit at the place by a network.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, data acquisition is carried out through the infrared temperature measurement module and the micro-pressure sensing module, the infrared temperature measurement module acquires data in a mode of not directly contacting with a human body, and noise and light which influence sleep are not generated; and the micro-pressure sensing module collects data by embedding the micro-pressure sensing module in the mattress, if the micro-pressure sensing module is in a normal sleep condition, the vibration awakening mode can not be started, the problem that the sleep of a detected person is influenced in the prior art is solved, the breathing condition of the detected person in the sleep can be monitored under the completely natural condition, and interference-free measurement and multi-aspect combined monitoring are realized.
(2) The invention can immediately send out an alarm when the time for stopping breathing reaches the dangerous time (the brain can be irreversibly damaged in 4-6 minutes), thereby achieving the effect of timely alarming.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural framework diagram of a non-intrusive sleep apnea warning system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a non-intrusive sleep apnea warning method according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a non-interference apnea warning system in sleep, including: the device comprises a control center, a camera module, an infrared temperature measurement module, a micro-pressure sensing module and an alarm module.
In this embodiment, the control center is responsible for processing and analyzing all data monitored in the system, if the analysis result is normal, the data will not be used, and if the analysis result is abnormal, even after apnea occurs during sleep, the data is delivered to the alarm module to alarm in time.
Wherein the monitored data comprises: the system comprises camera shooting video stream data captured by a camera shooting module, a thermal imaging image obtained by an infrared temperature measurement module and pressure sensing data.
In this embodiment, the camera module is used for capturing the camera video stream data, and the camera module may not be used in the process of determining the sleep breathing, and the RGB diagram and the camera video stream data are not used, and the addition is to enrich the functions of the whole system.
The processing mode of the control center also comprises the step of transmitting the analysis data to the user terminal, and the user terminal can directly display real-time monitoring videos, real-time infrared imaging and related analysis information.
In this embodiment, the infrared temperature measurement module covers the bed and the area 0.5m nearby, and two sides of the bed head are respectively provided with one infrared temperature measurement module, so that the accurate temperature change can be obtained under the condition of sleeping on one side, and meanwhile, the infrared temperature measurement module is far away from the window, the air conditioner and other irrelevant factors influencing the temperature change.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a non-interference type method for early warning of apnea during sleep, which performs target tracking on a thermal imaging video stream obtained by an infrared temperature measurement module, classifies user behaviors, and analyzes a current sleeping posture of a user.
The sleeping posture analysis is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) defining a set of sleep postures of a user as C ═ C 1 ，C 2 ，C 3 Establishing a corresponding data set, wherein the data set is { supine, lying on the left side, lying on the right side };
(2) constructing a BP neural network for sleeping posture classification, and training by using the data set to obtain a sleeping posture classifier;
(3) using the classifier in (2) for real-time video analysis, a time-varying classifier result Ψ (t) ∈ C can be obtained, if Ψ (t) ═ Ψ (t) ∈ C - ) The sleeping posture is not changed at the time t, if psi (t) ≠ psi (t) - ) The sleeping position changes at the moment t, psi (t) - ) Storing the time of occurrence of the change of the sleeping posture into S as the result of the classifier at the previous time all Finally, the ordered vector S of the sleeping posture change moment in the sleeping process of the user can be obtained all ＝[t 1 ，t 2 ，…t N ]；
(4) If t is present k ∈S all K > m satisfies t k -t k-m If the number of the positive changes is less than tau, m is a set normal number, tau is a set time parameter, the change of the sleeping posture can be regarded as the drastic change of the sleeping posture, and finally the total times of the drastic change of the sleeping posture can be counted as K;
in this embodiment, the face detection adopts a relatively mature algorithm, such as a V & J algorithm, which mainly uses haar features and an Adaboost classifier.
In this embodiment, the detected face region is used as the ROI (region of interest) of the infrared thermometry module, and H ∈ R rm *rn Wherein rm and rn are the width and height of the ROI respectively, and the period of estimating the nose temperature change can be converted into the period of estimating the change of the gray value of the infrared image because the temperature in the infrared image obtained by the infrared temperature measurement module can influence the gray value in the H image; since the video recording frame rate is usually 30fps, one frame is taken out every 3 frames, and the following strategies are adopted:
a. when k is obtained, the average gray scale value of the ROI is:
b. calculating the period of the change of the average gray value of the ROI area, wherein the change of the average gray value is the physiological activity of a similar period under the normal condition, so that the change of the average gray value is the similar period change corresponding to the change of the average gray value, and the period of respiration can be estimated by solving two peaks (or valleys) of the average gray value;
c. however, due to the noise existing in the environment and the like, in order to obtain small peaks and troughs caused by respiration rather than noise or other reasons, kalman filtering is introduced to reprocess the obtained average gray value:
z k ＝AS k +υ k (1)
P k|k-1 ＝AP k-1|k-1 A T +Q (3)
K k ＝P k|k-1 A T (AP k|k-1 A T +R) -1 (4)
P k|k ＝(I-K k A)P k|k-1 (6)
where A is the measured state transition matrix, upsilon k N (0, R) is the observed noise satisfying the Gaussian distribution, R is the measured noise covariance, which can generally be observed, and is a known condition of the filter; z is a radical of formula k Is the observed value at time k;
is an estimate of the a priori state at time k,
posterior state estimates at k-1 and k times, respectively; p is k|k-1 Is the prior estimated covariance of time k, P k-1|k-1 、P k|k Estimating covariance for posterior state at k-1 and k time respectively; q is a process noise covariance matrix; k k Is the Kalman gain;
for a set of data obtained in succession, the peaks are obtained according to the following strategy:
if at the kth time, it is satisfied
And is provided with
Then the k time
Let it be C for the first peak point l ＝k；
The time difference between two adjacent wave peaks is the respiratory cycle calculated by the first wave peak point, namely T l ＝C l -C l-1 ；
Setting Normal respiratory cycle Range [ T low ,T high ]And judging the abnormal breathing condition:
and if the continuous n calculated breathing cycles are not in the range, judging that the breathing is abnormal. The value of n influences the judgment accuracy, if n is too small, misjudgment is easy to occur, and if n is too large, the judgment time is delayed, and in severe cases, the treatment time may be missed.
In the embodiment, in the aspect of the micro-pressure sensing module, if the pressure variation value between two breaths is smaller than a preset value, it is determined that the user breathes normally, and the breath data is continuously monitored and analyzed; when the pressure change value between two breaths is a preset value or exceeds the preset value and the next pressure value from the micro-pressure sensor is not received in the normal breathing time interval, recording the current time t, combining the combined analysis of the infrared temperature measurement sleeping posture classifier, and if the result psi (t) ≠ psi (t) of the sleeping posture classifier is obtained - ) Namely, if the user has the actions of turning over and the like, the breathing interference action is judged, and the monitoring analysis is continuously carried out on the breathing data; if the imaging module does not display that the user has respiratory disturbance action, the sleep apnea of the user is judged. No matter what kind of sleeping posture a person takes during sleeping, the person can recognize and recognize the heat changed by breathing.
In this embodiment, the alarm mode in the emergency situation is: the method comprises the following steps of waking a user by vibration, notifying family members of the user by a bound mobile phone, notifying rescue units such as a hospital where the user is located by a network and timely performing first aid on the user, wherein any one or more of the alarm modes are adopted;
in the invention, a mode of monitoring by combining remote monitoring, infrared imaging and micro-pressure sensing is adopted, so that a measured person can have a plurality of variables monitored in one-time monitoring, thereby realizing the safe, effective and non-interference monitoring of the breathing condition in the sleeping process.
The invention also adopts a micro-pressure sensor for monitoring to prevent the following phenomena: when sleeping, the quilt covers the head to influence the recognition function of the camera. The operation and monitoring system of the invention is not in contact with the testee, and the pressure sensor is made of flexible material, so that the testee is in a natural sleep state, and the monitoring result is more accurate.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A non-interfering early warning system for apnea in sleep, comprising: the system comprises a control center, an infrared temperature measurement module, a micro-pressure sensing module, an alarm module and a user terminal;
the infrared temperature measuring module, the micro-pressure sensing module, the alarm module and the user terminal are all connected with the control center;
the system comprises an infrared temperature measurement module, a micro-pressure sensing module, an alarm module and a user terminal, wherein the infrared temperature measurement module is used for collecting thermal imaging images, the micro-pressure sensing module is used for collecting pressure data, the alarm module is used for transmitting alarm signals of apnea, and the user terminal is used for displaying real-time pressure data, real-time thermal imaging images and alarm information;
the control center is used for receiving the thermal imaging image and the pressure data, carrying out target tracking on the thermal imaging image flow, classifying and recording sleeping postures and judging whether breathing interference action occurs or not;
carrying out target tracking on the thermal imaging image stream, constructing a BP neural network for sleep posture classification training, and obtaining a sleep posture classifier, wherein the sleep posture classifier classifies and records the sleep posture;
the sleeping posture classifier judges whether the sleeping posture at the current time is the same as the sleeping posture at the previous time, and if not, the breathing interference action is judged to occur; if no breathing interference action occurs, judging sleep apnea and outputting an alarm signal;
performing target tracking on the thermal imaging image stream, taking a detected face area as an interested area of an infrared temperature measurement module, acquiring an average gray value of the interested area, performing Kalman filtering on the average gray value, and calculating the time of adjacent wave crests of filtered data and taking the time as a breathing cycle; setting the number n of breathing cycles, and if the number n of the calculated breathing cycles exceeds the set normal breathing cycle range, determining that the breathing is abnormal;
performing Kalman filtering on the average gray value, wherein a specific calculation formula is as follows:
z k ＝AS k +υ k
P k|k-1 ＝AP k-1|k-1 A T +Q
K k ＝P k|k-1 A T (AP k|k-1 A T +R) -1
P k|k ＝(I-K k A)P k|k-1
where A represents the measurement state transition matrix, upsilon k N (0, R) represents the observed noise satisfying the Gaussian distribution, R represents the measurement noise covariance, z k Represents the observed value at time k and,
representing the a priori state estimates at time k,
respectively representing posterior state estimated values at k-1 and k moments; p is k|k-1 Represents the prior estimated covariance, P, of the time instant k k-1|k-1 、P k|k Respectively representing the posterior state estimation covariance of k-1 and k time; q represents a process noise covariance matrix; k is k Represents the Kalman gain, S k Representing the mean gray value of the region of interest;
judging and analyzing the pressure value detected by the micro-pressure sensing module, judging whether the breath of the user is normal according to the pressure change value between two breaths, judging whether the sleep breath is suspended or not by combining the breath interference action, and outputting an alarm signal.
2. The non-interfering early warning system for sleep apnea, according to claim 1, further comprising a camera module, wherein the camera module is connected to the control center, and the camera module is used for collecting camera video stream data.
3. The non-intrusive sleep apnea warning system as recited in claim 1, wherein said micro-pressure sensor of said micro-pressure sensing module is made of a flexible material.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the sleep posture classifier classifies and records sleep postures, and the method comprises the following steps:
let C ═ C be the set of sleep postures of the user 1 ，C 2 ，C 3 Establishing a corresponding data set, wherein the data set is { supine, lying on the left side, lying on the right side };
the BP neural network is trained by adopting the corresponding data set to obtain a sleeping posture classifier;
the sleeping posture classifier outputs a judgment result, when the sleeping posture at the current time is different from the sleeping posture at the previous time, the time t when the sleeping posture changes is stored, and finally the ordered vector S of the sleeping posture change time in the sleeping process is obtained all ＝[t 1 ，t 2 ，…t N ]。
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the average gray-scale value of the region of interest is obtained according to the following formula:
where rm, rn are the width and height of the region of interest, respectively, and k represents an arbitrary time instant.
6. The non-interfering sleep apnea warning system of claim 1, wherein said calculating the time of adjacent peaks of filtered data and taking said peaks as a breathing cycle, and said peak obtaining step comprises:
at the k-th moment, if satisfied
And is
Then the k time
Let it be C for the first peak point l ＝k；
The time difference between two adjacent wave peaks is the respiratory cycle calculated by the first wave peak point, namely T l ＝C l -C l-1 ；
Normal breathing cycle range is set to [ T ] low ,T high ]。
7. The non-interfering apnea warning system of claim 1, wherein said output alarm signal is one or more of the following:
the method comprises the steps of waking up a user by vibration, notifying family members of the user by a bound mobile phone and notifying a rescue unit at the place by a network.
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| CN113273967A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-20 | 贵州优品睡眠健康产业有限公司 | Sleep sign monitoring system |
| CN114190916B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-05-23 | 河南省儿童医院郑州儿童医院 | Fabric sensor-based child respiration monitoring method and system |
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