CN112803234B - All-fiber chirped pulse amplification system of self-similar pulse shaping stretcher based on Raman gain - Google Patents
All-fiber chirped pulse amplification system of self-similar pulse shaping stretcher based on Raman gain Download PDFInfo
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- CN112803234B CN112803234B CN202110060226.0A CN202110060226A CN112803234B CN 112803234 B CN112803234 B CN 112803234B CN 202110060226 A CN202110060226 A CN 202110060226A CN 112803234 B CN112803234 B CN 112803234B
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Abstract
A full-optical-fiber chirped pulse amplification system of a self-similar pulse shaping stretcher based on Raman gain belongs to the field of laser technology and nonlinear optics. The pulse shaping stretcher sequentially comprises a picosecond seed source, an all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher, a fiber amplifier and a pulse compressor. The all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher is an all-fiber Raman gain-based self-similar pulse shaping stretcher and sequentially comprises a pumping source, a first wavelength division multiplexer, a Raman fiber and a second wavelength division multiplexer. The pulse shaping and the pulse amplification process can be completed in an all-fiber structure, and the femtosecond pulse output of picosecond pulses through self-similar pulse evolution based on Raman gain is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser technology and nonlinear optics, and particularly relates to a self-similar pulse shaping stretcher based on Raman gain.
Background
With the development of the scientific society, femtosecond laser with the characteristics of short pulse width, high peak power, wide coherent spectrum and the like is widely applied to many scientific frontier fields, such as terahertz generation, optical frequency comb research, raman spectrum analysis, ultrafast time resolution research and the like.
The high-power femtosecond pulse is influenced by nonlinear phase accumulation and limited gain bandwidth in the optical fiber transmission process, pulse distortion is easy to occur, and the improvement of output power and the further narrowing of pulse width are greatly limited. However, the invention of the chirped pulse amplification technology solves the problems of limitation of pulse power increase and pulse width further narrowing due to strong nonlinear accumulation in the pulse amplification process to a certain extent. The chirped pulse amplification technology mainly comprises four parts: a laser oscillator (seed source), a pulse stretcher, a laser amplifier, and a pulse compressor. The basic principle is as follows: the seed pulse laser is stretched by several orders of magnitude in time through a stretcher by limited utilization of dispersion, so that the pulse width reaches hundreds of picoseconds or even nanoseconds, and the peak power is reduced by several orders of magnitude; after the broadened low-power pulse is amplified by a laser gain medium, fully extracting the stored energy of the laser medium; and finally, compressing the pulse width to be close to the initial pulse width value through a compressor with opposite dispersion to the stretcher, and obtaining the femtosecond pulse with extremely high peak power. The purpose of pulse broadening is to reduce the intensity of laser pulses in the amplification process, so that the peak power of the pulses is below the damage threshold of system components, thereby avoiding the damage to optical components of an amplifier caused by overhigh power of ultrashort pulses after amplification, and weakening or overcoming various nonlinear effects possibly caused by high-intensity laser in the amplification process.
In fiber femtosecond chirped pulse laser systems, the seed source has a significant impact on the overall system performance, especially in terms of stability. Mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser is generally used as a seed source, but the mode-locked femtosecond laser source is expensive and contains free-space devices, which increases the complexity and cost of the system. In contrast, picosecond fiber lasers have inherently simpler, cheaper and more stable features than femtosecond seed sources, and picosecond lasers have been developed to date with mature and stable commercial products.
In the chirped pulse amplification technology, a common stretching method mainly includes: the first is a grating stretcher with a large dispersion amount in a space structure, which amplifies stretched laser and finally compresses the laser by using a grating pair. According to the method, the high-order dispersion of the stretcher and the compressor can be matched with each other, the nonlinear effect introduced in the amplification process is small, but a large number of free space devices exist in the whole system, the complexity and the stability of the system are reduced, and the integration is difficult. The second is pulse stretching with a positive dispersion transmission fiber, and the nonlinearity introduced later in the amplification process can compensate the third-order dispersion introduced by the system. But the angle of the grating needs to be accurately adjusted to ensure the third-order dispersion and the nonlinear matching, and the requirement on the precision of grating adjustment is very high. The third one is self-similar amplification, the principle is that when the gain, dispersion and nonlinearity of the pulse reach certain conditions in the transmission process of the optical fiber amplifier, the shape of the pulse evolves to a parabola shape, the frequency chirp accumulated in the amplification process of the parabola shape pulse is linear, and the frequency chirp can be compressed by a grating compressor, so that the problem of compressed pulse distortion caused by nonlinear accumulation in the amplifier is avoided. The method utilizes the nonlinear effect in the optical fiber, the spectrum is broadened, and laser pulses smaller than hundred femtoseconds can be obtained after compression. However, the conditions for maintaining the self-similar amplification are harsh, and the self-similar amplification system is limited by the stimulated raman scattering effect and the fiber gain bandwidth, so that higher energy output cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The chirp pulse amplification system aims to solve the problems of multiple free space components, complex structure, low stability and difficult integration in the chirp pulse amplification system; the dispersion and the amplifier need to be accurately adjusted, and the operation requirement is strict; the stimulated Raman scattering and the gain bandwidth limiting effect in the self-similar amplifying system are obvious. The invention provides an all-fiber structure, which can realize the output of femtosecond pulses by amplifying all-fiber chirped pulses of picosecond seed laser based on Raman gain self-similar pulse shaping and broadening. The laser pulses output by the picosecond seed source are first parabolic shaped in time domain and spectrum by a raman gain based nonlinear amplification process and introduce a linear chirp. The pulse after shaping is amplified, linear frequency chirp can be generated, compared with the traditional method, the influence on compressed pulse caused by nonlinear effect accumulation can be effectively reduced, and the limitation problem of gain bandwidth when the gain optical fiber is used for self-similar amplification is broken through. The method can realize the parabolic pulse amplification of picosecond laser to hundred picosecond magnitude and ten times magnitude of spectrum, compared with the self-similar amplification based on rare earth ion-doped gain optical fiber, the pulse is broadened in time domain and spectrum to a greater degree, and the laser output with narrower pulse width can be realized. According to the scheme, an additional free space component is not needed, the pulse shaping and pulse amplification process can be completed in an all-fiber structure, and the advantages of being fully photochemical, easy to integrate and stable in performance are achieved while the picosecond pulse is output through the femtosecond pulse evolved from the self-similar pulse based on Raman gain.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an all-fiber chirped pulse amplification system of a self-similar pulse shaping stretcher based on Raman gain sequentially comprises a picosecond seed source, an all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher, an optical fiber amplifier and a pulse compressor. The all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher is an all-fiber Raman gain-based self-similar pulse shaping stretcher and sequentially comprises a pumping source, a first wavelength division multiplexer, a Raman fiber and a second wavelength division multiplexer. The output end of the narrow-band picosecond pulse seed source is connected with a signal input end of a first wavelength division multiplexer of an all-fiber Raman gain-based self-similar pulse shaping stretcher, an output fiber of a pumping source is connected with a pumping input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer, a public output end of the first wavelength division multiplexer is connected with one end of a Raman fiber, the other end of the Raman fiber is connected with a public end of a second wavelength division multiplexer, a signal output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with an input end of an optical fiber amplifier, and an output end of the optical fiber amplifier is collimated and then input into a compressor.
Preferably, the picosecond seed source is a picosecond pulse seed source with a narrow bandwidth, a center wavelength of 1064nm, a full width at half maximum of 0.3-0.9 nm, a pulse width of 5-10 ps, and a pulse energy of 1-40 pJ.
Preferably, the first pump source is a continuous laser or a pulsed laser.
Preferably, the central wavelength of the first pump source laser is different from the picosecond seed source laser wavelength by 13.2THz.
Preferably, the raman fiber is a rare earth ion-doped positive dispersion fiber, and the fiber can be a single-clad fiber or a double-clad step-index fiber or a double-clad photonic crystal fiber.
Preferably, the optical fiber amplifier consists of a two-stage or multi-stage ytterbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
Preferably, the optical fiber amplifiers adopt a fiber fusion coupling mode between each stage.
Preferably, the pulse compressor is one or more of a transmission grating pair compressor, a reflection grating pair compressor, a chirped volume bragg grating compressor and a hollow-core optical fiber.
The invention provides a Raman gain-based self-similar pulse shaping and broadening all-fiber chirped pulse amplification system, which realizes the output from narrow-band picosecond pulses to femtosecond pulses. The core device is an all-fiber pulse shaper, namely an all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher, the pulse is shaped through nonlinearity, raman gain and large positive dispersion in the optical fiber, then a multi-stage optical fiber amplifier is adopted for power boosting, and finally a compressor is used for pulse compression.
The invention has the advantages that: the chirped pulse amplification system is provided with the all-fiber pulse shaper, and the parabolic pulse shaping process can be completed in an all-fiber structure without additionally introducing space components. The system has the advantages that the picosecond pulse output to the femtosecond pulse output is realized, and meanwhile, the stability and the integratability of the system are considered.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-fiber chirped pulse amplification system based on raman gain self-similar pulse shaping and stretching to realize picosecond pulse to femtosecond pulse output according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The Raman fiber laser comprises a picosecond seed source 1, an all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher 2, an optical fiber amplifier 3, a pulse compressor 4, a first pump source 201, a first wavelength division multiplexer 202, a Raman fiber 203, a second wavelength division multiplexer 204, a first optical fiber laser, a second optical fiber laser and a second optical fiber laser.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described below with reference to several drawings and embodiments, and the embodiments described herein are only used for explaining the present invention, but not limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a raman gain-based self-similar pulse shaping stretcher to realize output of picosecond pulses to femtosecond pulses, including: picosecond seed source 1, full-fiber pulse shaping stretcher 2, fiber amplifier 3 and pulse compressor 4. As shown in fig. 2, the all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher includes: a first pump source 201, a first wavelength division multiplexer 202, a raman fiber 203, and a second wavelength division multiplexer 204. The output end of the picosecond pulse seed source 1 is connected with the signal input end of a first wavelength division multiplexer 202 of the all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher, the output optical fiber of the first pumping source 201 is connected with the pumping input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer 201, the common output end of the first wavelength division multiplexer 202 is connected with one end of a Raman optical fiber 203, the other end of the Raman optical fiber 203 is connected with the common end of a second wavelength division multiplexer 204, the signal output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer 204 is connected with the input end of an optical fiber amplifier 3, and the output end of the optical fiber amplifier 3 is collimated and then input into a pulse compressor 4 for pulse compression.
The pulse generated by the picosecond seed source 1 enters an all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher 2, firstly reaches a Raman fiber 203 through a first wavelength division multiplexer 202 for nonlinear amplification, the time domain and the spectrum shape of the pulse are changed, after the parameters of the picosecond pulse seed source 1 and the first pump source 201 are optimized, a time domain pulse shaping effect similar to a parabola can be obtained, a parabola-shaped stretched pulse with a hundred picoseconds magnitude can be obtained according to the self-similar pulse shaping stretching effect based on the Raman effect, the pulse has nonlinear inhibition capability, the pulse after shaping stretching is input into an optical fiber amplifier 3 for amplification, and finally the pulse enters a pulse compressor 4 for pulse compression.
The all-fiber chirped pulse amplification device has an all-fiber structure, and can realize the output of femtosecond pulses by self-similar pulse shaping and broadening of picosecond seed laser based on Raman gain. The laser pulses output by the picosecond seed source are first parabolic shaped in time domain and spectrum by a raman gain based nonlinear amplification process and introduce a linear chirp. The pulse after shaping is amplified, linear frequency chirp can be generated, compared with the traditional method, the influence on compressed pulse caused by nonlinear effect accumulation can be effectively reduced, and the limitation problem of gain bandwidth when the gain optical fiber is used for self-similar amplification is broken through. The method can realize the amplification of picosecond laser to a parabolic pulse with a hundred picosecond magnitude and a ten-fold magnitude of spectrum, and compared with the self-similar amplification based on the rare earth ion-doped gain fiber, the pulse is widened in time domain, the spectrum is widened to a greater extent, and the laser output with narrower pulse width can be realized. The scheme does not need to adopt an additional free space component, the pulse shaping and pulse amplification processes can be completed in an all-fiber structure, and the method has the characteristics of full photochemistry, easy integration and stable performance while realizing femtosecond pulse output of picosecond pulses through self-similar pulse evolution based on Raman gain.
The self-similar pulse shaping broadening system based on the Raman gain is compact in structure, stable in performance and capable of achieving high peak power. A self-similar pulse shaping stretcher based on Raman gain adopts an all-fiber pulse shaper to shape pulses to be amplified into a parabolic shape while broadening time domain and spectrum, and the pulse distortion problem caused by nonlinear accumulation can be effectively inhibited in the amplification process of the shaped pulses.
Compared with the traditional mode, the structure has no free space component except the pulse compressor, and is high in stability and strong in environmental adaptability. In addition, the structure can realize laser output with higher energy and higher pulse quality under the same broadening quantity, and has wide application prospect.
Claims (5)
1. An all-fiber chirped pulse amplification system of a self-similar pulse shaping stretcher based on Raman gain is characterized by sequentially comprising a picosecond seed source, an all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher, a fiber amplifier and a pulse compressor; the all-fiber pulse shaping stretcher is an all-fiber Raman gain-based self-similar pulse shaping stretcher, and sequentially comprises a pumping source, a first wavelength division multiplexer, a Raman fiber and a second wavelength division multiplexer; the output end of the picosecond seed source is connected with the signal input end of a first wavelength division multiplexer of the full-fiber Raman gain-based self-similar pulse shaping stretcher, the output optical fiber of the pumping source is connected with the pumping input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the common output end of the first wavelength division multiplexer is connected with one end of a Raman optical fiber, the other end of the Raman optical fiber is connected with the common end of a second wavelength division multiplexer, the signal output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the input end of an optical fiber amplifier, and the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is collimated and then input to a compressor;
the picosecond seed source is a picosecond pulse seed source with narrow bandwidth, the central wavelength is 1064nm, the full width at half maximum of the spectrum is 0.3-0.9 nm, the pulse width is 5-10 ps, and the pulse energy is 1-40 pJ;
the Raman fiber is a positive dispersion fiber without rare earth ion doping, and the positive dispersion fiber is a single-clad fiber or a double-clad step-index fiber or a double-clad photonic crystal fiber;
firstly, a Raman fiber is reached through a first wavelength division multiplexer for nonlinear amplification, the time domain and the spectrum shape of a pulse are changed, parameters of a picosecond seed source and a pumping source are optimized, an approximately parabolic time domain pulse shaping effect is obtained, a parabolic broadening pulse with a hundred picoseconds magnitude is obtained according to a self-similar pulse shaping broadening effect based on the Raman effect, the pulse has nonlinear suppression capability, the shaped and broadened pulse is input into a fiber amplifier for amplification, and finally the pulse enters a pulse compressor for pulse compression.
2. The all-fiber chirped pulse amplification system for a raman gain-based self-similar pulse-shaping stretcher according to claim 1, wherein a center wavelength of said pump source laser differs from a picosecond seed source laser wavelength by 13.2THz.
3. The all-fiber chirped pulse amplification system for a raman gain-based self-similar pulse shaping stretcher according to claim 1, wherein the fiber amplifier comprises a multi-stage ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier.
4. The all-fiber chirped pulse amplification system for a raman gain-based self-similar pulse shaping stretcher according to claim 1, wherein the stages of the fiber amplifier are coupled by fiber fusion.
5. The all-fiber chirped pulse amplification system for a raman gain-based self-similar pulse-shaping stretcher according to claim 1, wherein the pulse compressor is one or a combination of a transmissive grating pair compressor, a reflective grating pair compressor, a chirped volume bragg grating compressor, and a hollow-core fiber.
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| US8730568B2 (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2014-05-20 | Calmar Optcom, Inc. | Generating laser pulses based on chirped pulse amplification |
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