CN112797949A - Shield tunneling machine starting attitude manual measurement method - Google Patents
Shield tunneling machine starting attitude manual measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112797949A CN112797949A CN202011620447.0A CN202011620447A CN112797949A CN 112797949 A CN112797949 A CN 112797949A CN 202011620447 A CN202011620447 A CN 202011620447A CN 112797949 A CN112797949 A CN 112797949A
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/03—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C1/00—Measuring angles
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of shield construction, and particularly relates to a shield machine starting attitude manual measurement method, which can provide basis for debugging of the starting initial attitude of a shield machine and checking of the display attitude of a guide system of the shield machine by laying a control network for shield machine attitude measurement and then manually carrying out plane measurement, elevation measurement, rolling angle measurement and pitch angle measurement on the shield machine attitude, has good reliability and accuracy, provides a foundation for the shield machine to tunnel according to the designed axis during interval tunnel construction, ensures that the requirements of design and specification are met, and enables the tunnel construction to be carried out with high precision according to the designed drawing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of subway shield construction, and particularly relates to a method for manually measuring an originating attitude of a shield machine.
Background
With the rapid development of city construction, subway construction is developed in various major cities in China, so that the living and traffic requirements of people are met. In order to meet the requirement that shield tunneling is penetrated according to design requirements (the specification requirement is less than +/-50 cm), errors caused by each step of measurement work are required to be researched, and the errors comprise the stages of ground control measurement, vertical shaft connection measurement, underground lead measurement, shield tunneling machine attitude positioning measurement and the like.
The method for measuring the starting attitude of the shield machine mainly comprises a method for calculating a characteristic point (independent coordinate system), and a system for calculating the initial attitude of the shield machine by using the characteristic point mainly comprises a guide system of Germany VMT company, a medium-speed railway equipment tunnel driving guide system, a Shanghai dynasty information measuring technology company Limited guide system and the like. However, when the guiding system is used for resolving the initial attitude of the shield machine, the software of the corresponding company is mainly used for resolving, and the measurement accuracy is influenced due to the fact that the existing shield machine lacks other modes of checking for resolving the initial attitude feature point software, so that the measurement of the initial attitude of the shield machine is rough. Therefore, a measuring method which can check the method software resolving attitude of the feature point and improve the accuracy measurement work of the starting attitude of the shield machine is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and problems that rough errors occur in attitude measurement and measurement accuracy is affected due to the fact that other checking modes are lacked in software resolving characteristic points at present, the invention provides a shield tunneling machine starting attitude manual measurement method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a shield machine starting attitude manual measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of laying a shield tunneling machine attitude measurement control network, and carrying out plane measurement, elevation measurement, rolling angle measurement and pitch angle measurement on the shield tunneling machine attitude;
the planar measurement comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively suspending a steel wire at the positions close to the head and the tail of the shield, and arranging a heavy object as a balancing weight at the lower end of the suspended steel wire; and after the suspended steel wire is stable, attaching a reflector plate on the steel wire, and measuring the central coordinate of the reflector plate by using a total station.
(2) And (3) spreading plane coordinates of the shield head and the shield tail on the suspension steel wire reflector to a plane drawing with a tunnel design axis (DTA) in a point spreading mode by using CAD software, and connecting the spreading points of the shield head and the shield tail into a line segment.
(3) And respectively translating the line segment at the positions of the shield head and the shield tail by the radius distance of the shield head and the shield tail.
(4) After the line segments are translated, making vertical lines from two end points of the head and the tail of the line segment shield to the tunneling axis of the designed tunnel respectively, and measuring the distance of the vertical lines to obtain the difference value between the actual position of the shield machine and the tunneling axis, namely the plane deviation value of the front shield and the tail shield of the shield machine.
The pitch angle measurement comprises the steps of:
(1) respectively measuring the top elevation H of the shield tail by using a level gauge1And the top elevation H of the shield head2；
(2) Calculating the central elevation H of the shield tailCAnd shield head center elevation HD，
HC＝H1-R1，HD＝H2-R2
In the formula: r1Radius of shield tail, R2The radius of the shield head.
(3) Calculating the height difference delta H of the central elevation of the head and the tail of the shieldC～D＝HD-HC；
(4) Measuring linear distance S between shield head and shield tailC～D；
(5) Calculating shield tunneling machine pitch angle PC～D，PC～D＝△HC～D/SC～D；
If PC～DA negative value indicates that the shield machine is in a gouging state; if PC～DThe positive value indicates that the shield machine is in a head-up state.
The elevation measurement comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the head-tail coordinates of the center of the shield machine according to the plane measurement, translating the center coordinates of the reflector plate to obtain the plane coordinates of the center of the shield machine, and lofting the central axis of the shield machine on a shield shell at the top of the shield machine by using a total station;
(2) respectively subtracting the design elevation at the same mileage of the DTA axis from the central elevation of the shield head and the shield tail measured by the pitch angle to obtain the actual elevation deviation of the shield head and the shield tail;
if the actual elevation deviation is a positive value, the center of the shield tunneling machine is higher than the DTA axis; if the actual elevation deviation is a negative value, the center of the shield tunneling machine is lower than the DTA axis.
The roll angle measurement comprises the following steps:
(1) finding out symmetrical positions of two sides in the shield tunneling machine, taking two symmetrical points E and F, and respectively measuring three-dimensional coordinates E (X1, Y1, Z1) and F (X2, Y2, Z2) of the two symmetrical points;
(2) respectively calculating the height difference delta H of the symmetric points E and F through the coordinates of the two symmetric pointsE～FSum flat distance SE～F，
△HE～F＝Z2-Z1
(3) Calculating to obtain a ROLL angle ROLLE～F，
ROLLE～F＝△HE～F/SE～F。
According to the manual measurement method for the starting attitude of the shield machine, the attitude measurement control network of the shield machine is a quadric-level control network and a quadric-level elevation control network, and point positions of the plane control network and the elevation control network are arranged on the same point position.
According to the method for manually measuring the starting attitude of the shield machine, the reflector plate is of a transparent circular structure, the back surface of the reflector plate is provided with the back adhesive, the front surface of the reflector plate is provided with the cross identification line, and when the reflector plate is adhered to the suspension steel wire, the central point of the cross identification line is coincided with the suspension steel wire.
According to the shield tunneling machine starting attitude manual measurement method, the balancing weight is placed in the oil drum with the damping effect to prevent the suspension steel wire from swinging, and the oil drum is internally provided with an oil body with certain viscosity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the manual measurement method for the starting attitude of the shield machine is characterized in that a control network for measuring the attitude of the shield machine is arranged, and then plane measurement, pitch angle measurement, elevation measurement and rolling angle measurement are carried out on the starting attitude of the shield machine on the basis of the control network, so that a systematic manual measurement method is provided, plane deviation values, elevation deviation values, pitch angles and rolling angles of a shield tail and a shield head of the shield machine can be accurately measured, and the method is verified on site, has high accuracy, can be more suitable for the actual situation of the shield machine, can provide a basis for debugging the starting attitude of the shield machine and verification of the display attitude of a guide system of the shield machine, provides a basis for the shield machine to tunnel according to a design axis during interval tunnel construction, ensures that the requirements of design and specification are met, and enables the tunnel construction to be carried out according to a design.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the location arrangement of the planar control network points according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of reflector plate mounting.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the reflector plate.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the plane measurement calculation of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the elevation and pitch calculations of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the roll angle calculation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a manual measurement method for the originating attitude of a shield machine, which can play a role in verifying the display attitude of an originating guide system of the shield machine and has good reliability and accuracy. The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1: according to the manual measurement method for the starting attitude of the shield machine, firstly, a shield machine attitude measurement control network is arranged, and then plane measurement, elevation measurement, rolling angle measurement and pitching angle measurement are carried out on the attitude of the shield machine.
The method comprises the following steps of laying a shield tunneling machine attitude measurement control network, setting the number of control points to be more than 3 and enabling the precision to meet the requirement, laying a four-equal plane control network and a two-equal elevation control network, setting point positions of the plane control network and the elevation control network at the same point position, forming a triangular control network by points O, A and B as shown in figure 1, and providing a foundation for measuring the shield tunneling machine attitude.
The plane measurement comprises the following steps:
(1) as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a steel wire is respectively suspended at the positions close to the head and the tail of the shield, and a balancing weight is arranged at the lower end of the suspended steel wire; in order to improve the stability of the balancing weight and the suspension steel wire, the balancing weight is placed in an oil drum filled with liquid oil with certain consistency to prevent the suspension steel wire from swinging; after the suspended steel wire is stable, a reflector plate is attached to the steel wire, the reflector plate is of a transparent circular structure, back glue is arranged on the back face of the reflector plate, a cross identification line is arranged on the front face of the reflector plate, when the reflector plate is attached to the suspended steel wire, the central point of the cross identification line is overlapped with the suspended steel wire, in order to improve the identification effect of the reflector plate, the central point of the cross identification line is highlighted to enable the central point to be consistent with the diameter of the suspended steel wire, and then a total station is used for measuring the central coordinate of the reflector plate;
(2) spreading plane coordinates of a shield head and a shield tail on a suspension steel wire patch on a plane drawing with a tunnel design axis (DTA) in a point spreading mode by using CAD software, and connecting the spreading points of the shield head and the shield tail into a line segment;
(3) respectively translating the line segment at the head and tail positions by the radius distance of the head and tail;
(4) after the line segments are translated, making vertical lines from two end points of the head and the tail of the line segment shield to the tunneling axis of the designed tunnel respectively, and measuring the distance of the vertical lines to obtain the difference value between the actual position of the shield machine and the tunneling axis, namely the plane deviation value of the front shield and the tail shield of the shield machine.
The pitch angle measurement is shown in fig. 5 and comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively measuring the top elevation H of the shield tail by using a level gauge1And the top elevation H of the shield head2；
(2) Calculating the central elevation H of the shield tailCAnd shield head center elevation HD；
HC＝H1-R1，HD＝H2-R2
In the formula: r1Radius of shield tail, R2Is the radius of the shield head;
(3) computingHeight difference delta H of shield head center elevation and shield tail center elevationC～D＝HD-HC；
(4) Measuring linear distance S between shield head and shield tailC～D；
(5) Calculating shield tunneling machine pitch angle PC～D，PC～D＝△HC～D/SC～D(ii) a If PC～DA negative value indicates that the shield machine is in a gouging state; if PC～DThe positive value indicates that the shield machine is in a head-up state.
The elevation measurement is shown in FIG. 5, and includes the following steps:
(1) and calculating the head-tail coordinates of the center of the shield machine according to the plane measurement, translating the center coordinates of the reflector plate to obtain the plane coordinates of the center of the shield machine, and lofting the central axis of the shield machine on a shield shell at the top of the shield machine by using a total station.
(2) And respectively subtracting the design elevation of the same mileage of the DTA axis from the central elevation of the shield head and the shield tail measured by the pitch angle to obtain the actual elevation deviation of the shield head and the shield tail.
If the actual elevation deviation is a positive value, the center of the shield tunneling machine is higher than the DTA axis; if the actual elevation deviation is a negative value, the center of the shield tunneling machine is lower than the DTA axis.
Roll angle measurement as shown in fig. 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) finding out symmetrical positions of two sides in the shield tunneling machine, taking two symmetrical points E and F, and respectively measuring three-dimensional coordinates E (X1, Y1, Z1) and F (X2, Y2, Z2) of the two symmetrical points;
(2) respectively calculating the height difference delta H of the symmetric points E and F through the coordinates of the two symmetric pointsE～FSum flat distance SE～F；
△HE～F＝Z2-Z1
(3) Calculating to obtain a ROLL angle ROLLE～F，
ROLLE～F＝△HE～F/SE～F。
The plane measurement, the pitch angle measurement, the elevation measurement and the rolling angle measurement of the starting attitude of the shield machine are respectively completed through the method, the result of software calculation can be verified, the method has good reliability and accuracy, a foundation is provided for the shield machine to tunnel according to the designed axis during the construction of the interval tunnel, the requirements of design and specification are met, and the high-precision construction of the tunnel construction is carried out according to the designed drawing.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be covered thereby.
Claims (4)
1. A shield machine starting attitude manual measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of laying a shield tunneling machine attitude measurement control network, and carrying out plane measurement, elevation measurement, rolling angle measurement and pitch angle measurement on the shield tunneling machine attitude; the planar measurement comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively suspending a steel wire at the positions close to the head and the tail of the shield, and arranging a balancing weight at the lower end of the suspended steel wire; after the suspended steel wire is stable, attaching a reflector plate on the steel wire, and measuring the center coordinate of the reflector plate by using a total station;
(2) spreading plane coordinates of a shield head and a shield tail on the suspension steel wire patch on a plane drawing with a tunnel design axis in a point spreading mode by using CAD software, and connecting the points of the shield head and the shield tail into a line segment;
(3) respectively translating the line segment at the positions of the shield head and the shield tail by the radius distance of the shield head and the shield tail;
(4) after the line segments are translated, respectively making perpendicular lines from two end points of the head and the tail of the line segment shield to a tunneling axis of the designed tunnel, and measuring the distance of the perpendicular lines to obtain the difference value between the actual position of the shield machine and the tunneling axis, namely the plane deviation value of the front shield and the tail shield of the shield machine;
the pitch angle measurement comprises the steps of:
(1) respectively measuring the top height of the shield tail by using a level gaugeRange H1And the top elevation H of the shield head2；
(2) Calculating the central elevation H of the shield tailCAnd shield head center elevation HD；
HC＝H1-R1，HD＝H2-R2
In the formula: r1Radius of shield tail, R2Is the radius of the shield head;
(3) calculating the height difference delta H of the central elevation of the head and the tail of the shieldC～D＝HD-HC；
(4) Measuring linear distance S between shield head and shield tailC～D；
(5) Calculating shield tunneling machine pitch angle PC～D，PC～D＝△HC～D/SC～D(ii) a If PC～DA negative value indicates that the shield machine is in a gouging state; if PC～DThe positive value indicates that the shield machine is in a head-up state; the elevation measurement comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the head-tail coordinates of the center of the shield machine according to the plane measurement, translating the center coordinates of the reflector plate to obtain the plane coordinates of the center of the shield machine, and lofting the central axis of the shield machine on a shield shell at the top of the shield machine by using a total station;
(2) respectively subtracting the design elevation at the same mileage of the DTA axis from the central elevation of the shield head and the shield tail measured by the pitch angle to obtain the actual elevation deviation of the shield head and the shield tail; if the actual elevation deviation is a positive value, the center of the shield tunneling machine is higher than the DTA axis; if the actual elevation deviation is a negative value, the center of the shield tunneling machine is lower than the DTA axis;
the roll angle measurement comprises the following steps:
(1) finding out symmetrical positions of two sides in the shield tunneling machine, taking two symmetrical points E and F, and respectively measuring three-dimensional coordinates E (X1, Y1, Z1) and F (X2, Y2, Z2) of the two symmetrical points;
(2) respectively calculating the height difference delta H of the symmetric points E and F through the coordinates of the two symmetric pointsE～FSum flat distance SE～F；
△HE～F＝Z2-Z1
(3) Calculating to obtain a ROLL angle ROLLE～F，
ROLLE～F＝△HE～F/SE～F。
2. The shield tunneling machine starting attitude manual measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the attitude measurement control network of the shield tunneling machine is a four-equal plane control network and a two-equal elevation control network, and point positions of the plane control network and the elevation control network are arranged on the same point position.
3. The shield tunneling machine starting attitude manual measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reflector plate is in a transparent circular structure, the back face of the reflector plate is provided with back glue, the front face of the reflector plate is provided with a cross identification line, and when the reflector plate is adhered to the suspension steel wire, the central point of the cross identification line is superposed with the suspension steel wire.
4. The shield tunneling machine starting attitude manual measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the balancing weight is placed in an oil drum with a damping effect to prevent the suspension steel wire from swinging.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114439042A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-05-06 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Immersed tube tunnel installation precision testing method |
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| 北京市规划委员会: "《城市轨道交通工程测量规范 GB50308-2008》", 1 September 2008 * |
| 张坤宜: "《测量技术基础》", 31 August 2011, 武汉大学出版社 * |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114439042A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-05-06 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Immersed tube tunnel installation precision testing method |
| CN114439042B (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-17 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Immersed tube tunnel installation precision testing method |
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Application publication date: 20210514 |