CN112792277B - Forging process for grain refinement of nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy - Google Patents
Forging process for grain refinement of nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forging process for refining ferronickel-based high-temperature alloy grains, which comprises the working procedures of ingot casting heating and heat preservation, unidirectional drawing, reversing pier drawing, finish forging forming and slow cooling after forging, wherein the working procedures are as follows: the unidirectional drawing process comprises the following steps: the forging temperature is 1095-1150 ℃, the final forging temperature is 900-970 ℃, the pass deformation is controlled to be 10-15 percent, and the total deformation is 50-60 percent; the reversing pier pulling process comprises the following steps: the upsetting open forging temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 900-950 ℃, the pass deformation is 20-30%, and the total deformation is 50-80%; the reversing drawing and forging temperature is 1095-1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 900-970 ℃, the pass deformation is controlled at 10-15 percent, and the total deformation is 50-60 percent; the precision forging forming process comprises the following steps: the open forging temperature is 1100-1150 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is 900-950 ℃; the deformation of the intermediate pass is 15-20%, and the deformation of the final forging pass is 5-10%; and the final total deformation of the fire times is 50-70%. The method has the characteristics of simple process, easy implementation, good refining effect and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forging process, in particular to a forging process for grain refinement of a nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy.
Background
The high-temperature alloy is a special alloy material which takes iron, cobalt and nickel as a matrix and can bear higher complex load at a high temperature of more than 600 ℃, is usually a single austenite matrix structure, has higher high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, and is also called as a heat-strength alloy and a heat-stability high-temperature alloy. The high-temperature alloy mainly comprises nickel-based high-temperature alloy, cobalt-based high-temperature alloy, iron-based high-temperature alloy and nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy according to the classification of alloy components. Cobalt-based superalloys and nickel-based superalloys relate to strategic elements of cobalt and nickel, and the cost is usually extremely high; the comprehensive performance of the iron-based high-temperature alloy is weaker than that of other types; the nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy is added with more than 10% of iron on the basis of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, so that the cost is reduced, relatively good high-temperature performance can be obtained, and the nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy is widely applied in many fields.
Continuous extrusion is used as a metal material processing technology with short flow, high efficiency, flexibility and changeability, and provides a very good production means for special section bar products. The plug part which is easy to be worn bears larger impact and abrasion action at the temperature of about 700 ℃ in the continuous extrusion production process, and is one of important factors for restricting the continuous extrusion production. At present, most ferronickel-based high-temperature alloys are adopted as production materials, and the hardness and toughness of a plug material are key indexes for determining the service life of the plug material in the extrusion process. There are many means for strengthening nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy, including precipitation strengthening, deformation strengthening, fine-grain strengthening, etc., wherein the fine-grain strengthening can not only improve the strength and hardness of the nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy, but also improve the plasticity and toughness of the nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy.
In industrial production, a ferronickel-based high-temperature alloy mostly adopts a triple process of 'vacuum induction melting, electroslag remelting and vacuum self-consumption' to prepare an ingot, a terminal product is prepared through subsequent links of cogging, forging, rolling, heat treatment, finish machining and the like, and the organization of a material in each link can influence the organization state of a material in a subsequent process through a genetic effect. Therefore, how to realize the refinement of the grain structure of the ferronickel-based high-temperature alloy for processing the continuous extrusion plug component by a simple and easy-to-implement forging method has great significance for prolonging the service life of the continuous extrusion plug.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple and easy-to-implement forging process for grain refinement of a nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method comprises the working procedures of ingot casting heating and heat preservation, unidirectional drawing, reversing pier drawing, finish forging forming and slow cooling after forging, and the processes of the working procedures are as follows:
the unidirectional drawing process comprises the following steps: the forging temperature is 1095-1150 ℃, the final forging temperature is 900-970 ℃, the pass deformation is controlled to be 10-15 percent, and the total deformation is 50-60 percent;
the reversing pier pulling process comprises the following steps: the upsetting open forging temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 900-950 ℃, the pass deformation is 20-30%, and the total deformation is 50-80%; the reversing drawing and forging temperature is 1095-1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 900-970 ℃, the pass deformation is controlled at 10-15 percent, and the total deformation is 50-60 percent;
the finish forging forming process: the open forging temperature is 1100-1150 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is 900-950 ℃; the deformation of the intermediate pass is 15-20%, and the deformation of the final forging pass is 5-10%; the final total deformation of the heating times is 50-70%.
The ingot casting heating and heat preservation process comprises the following steps: heating the cast ingot to 400-500 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-3 h; then heating to 800-900 ℃ for 5-8 h, and preserving heat for 3-5 h; finally, heating the mixture to 1150-1180 ℃ for 1-3 h, and preserving the heat for 2-5 h.
The after-forging slow cooling process of the invention comprises the following steps: after forging, the blank is hot-fed into a heating furnace at 800-850 ℃, cooled to 300-400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 30-50 ℃/h, and kept warm for 2-10 h; finally cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10-30 ℃/h.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the forging method and the deformation of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy difficult to deform are reasonably configured, so that the purposes of size refinement and dispersion distribution of a Laves phase of a hard and brittle intermetallic compound are achieved, and the rapid growth of dynamic recrystallization grains of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy in a high-temperature area is inhibited; the final heat total deformation of the precision forging link is increased, so that the nickel-based high-temperature alloy which is difficult to deform has enough deformation energy storage, the static recrystallization of a deformation structure is realized in the subsequent slow cooling link, and the uniformity of fine grains is further improved; thereby effectively realizing grain refinement and further realizing the improvement of the hardness and the impact power of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy which is difficult to deform.
The invention can greatly refine the grain size of the ferronickel-based high-temperature alloy forging material, and the average grain size of the ferronickel-based high-temperature alloy after forging can reach 10.03-10.97 mu m. The method has the characteristics of simple process, easy implementation, good refining effect and the like, can effectively improve the hardness and toughness of the nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy, can ensure that the room-temperature hardness of the forged structure can reach 45.3 HRC-48.8 HRC and the room-temperature Charpy impact energy of the forged structure can reach 83.5J-88.2J, and effectively prolongs the service life of the continuous extrusion plug.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the internal structure of a wrought product obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the internal structure of a forged material obtained by a conventional forging process.
Detailed Description
Examples 1 to 8: the forging process for refining the grains of the nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy is specifically described as follows.
(1) The nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.02 to 0.08 percent of C, 1.5 to 1.8 percent of Al, 2.0 to 2.5 percent of Nb, 2.4 to 2.6 percent of Ti, 8.5 to 9.5 percent of Mo, 13.5 to 16.5 percent of Cr, 21 to 24 percent of Fe, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities. The chemical compositions and the mass percentages of the nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy in each example are shown in the table 1.
Table 1: chemical composition (wt%) of alloy of each example
In table 1, the balance of the chemical composition is Ni and inevitable impurities.
(2) The forging process sequentially comprises the working procedures of ingot casting heating and heat preservation, unidirectional drawing, reversing pier drawing, finish forging forming and slow cooling after forging, and the working procedures are as follows:
(1) heating and heat preservation of the cast ingot: adopting a three-section heating and heat-preserving process; in the first stage, the ingot is heated from room temperature for 4-5 h to 400-500 ℃ and is kept warm for 1-3 h; in the second stage, the mixture is heated for 5 to 8 hours to 800 to 900 ℃ and is kept warm for 3 to 5 hours; in the third stage, the mixture is heated for 1 to 3 hours to 1150 to 1180 ℃ and is kept warm for 2 to 5 hours. The process parameters for heating and maintaining the temperature of the ingot as described in the examples are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: the technological parameters of ingot casting heating and heat preservation in each embodiment
(2) A unidirectional drawing process: the forging temperature is 1095-1150 ℃, the final forging temperature is 900-970 ℃, the pass deformation is controlled to be 10-15 percent, and the total deformation is 50-60 percent. The process parameters for the unidirectional elongation described in the examples are shown in table 3.
Table 3: the technological parameters of the unidirectional drawing of each embodiment
(3) A reversing pier pulling process: comprises the processes of upsetting and reversing drawing; in the upsetting process, the starting forging temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, the finishing forging temperature is 900-950 ℃, the pass deformation is 20-30%, and the total deformation is 50-80%; in the reversing and drawing process, the forging temperature is 1095-1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 900-970 ℃, the pass deformation amount is controlled to be 10-15 percent, and the total deformation amount is 50-60 percent. The process parameters for the reverse heading described in the examples are shown in table 4.
Table 4: technological parameters of reversing pier pulling described in each embodiment
(4) A precision forging forming procedure: the open forging temperature is 1100-1150 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is 900-950 ℃; the deformation of the intermediate pass is 15-20%, and the deformation of the final forging pass is 5-10%; and the final total deformation of the fire times is 50-70%. The process parameters for the finish forging of the examples are shown in Table 5.
Table 5: the technological parameters of the precision forging forming of each embodiment
(5) And (3) slow cooling after forging: after forging, the blank is hot-fed into a heating furnace at 800-850 ℃, cooled to 300-400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 30-50 ℃/h, and kept warm for 2-10 h; finally cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10-30 ℃/h; and obtaining the nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy forging material. The process parameters for the slow cooling after forging are shown in Table 6.
Table 6: the technological parameters of the slow cooling after forging are described in the embodiments
(6) The grain sizes of the obtained ferronickel-based superalloy forgings were measured, and the average grain sizes of the forgings obtained in the respective examples are shown in table 7. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the conventional forging process has poor uniformity of grain size after forging, and the size distribution is 20 μm to 80 μm; as can be seen from figures 1 and 2, the grain size of the ferronickel-based high-temperature alloy is greatly refined after the method is adopted.
Table 7: average grain size, hardness and impact energy of the forged materials obtained in examples
Claims (3)
1. A forging process for grain refinement of a nickel-iron-based high-temperature alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the working procedures of ingot casting heating and heat preservation, unidirectional drawing, reversing pier drawing, finish forging forming and slow cooling after forging, and the processes of the working procedures are as follows:
the unidirectional drawing process comprises the following steps: the forging temperature is 1095-1150 ℃, the final forging temperature is 900-970 ℃, the pass deformation is controlled to be 10-15 percent, and the total deformation is 50-60 percent;
the reversing pier pulling process comprises the following steps: the upsetting open forging temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 900-950 ℃, the pass deformation is 20-30%, and the total deformation is 50-80%; the reversing drawing and forging temperature is 1095-1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 900-970 ℃, the pass deformation is controlled at 10-15 percent, and the total deformation is 50-60 percent;
the precision forging forming process comprises the following steps: the open forging temperature is 1100-1150 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is 900-950 ℃; the deformation of the intermediate pass is 15-20%, and the deformation of the final forging pass is 5-10%; and the final total deformation of the fire times is 50-70%.
2. The forging process for grain refinement of a ferronickel-based superalloy as in claim 1, wherein the ingot heating and holding step: heating the cast ingot to 400-500 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-3 h; then heating to 800-900 ℃ for 5-8 h, and preserving heat for 3-5 h; finally heating the mixture for 1 to 3 hours to 1150 to 1180 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2 to 5 hours.
3. The forging process for grain refinement of a ferronickel-based superalloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the post-forging slow cooling step: after forging, the blank is hot-fed into a heating furnace at 800-850 ℃, cooled to 300-400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 30-50 ℃/h, and kept warm for 2-10 h; finally cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10-30 ℃/h.
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