CN112786958A - Composite porous gel polymer electrolyte and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite porous gel polymer electrolyte and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112786958A
CN112786958A CN202110119059.2A CN202110119059A CN112786958A CN 112786958 A CN112786958 A CN 112786958A CN 202110119059 A CN202110119059 A CN 202110119059A CN 112786958 A CN112786958 A CN 112786958A
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polymer electrolyte
composite porous
film
porous gel
gel polymer
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张笑
高明昊
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Gotion High Tech Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082Organic polymers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention discloses a composite porous gel polymer electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing vapor phase aluminum oxide into a solvent, then adding a polyester type polyurethane elastomer, heating and uniformly stirring to obtain coating slurry; coating the coating slurry on a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, standing until a nascent film is formed, then placing the nascent film in a coagulating bath for phase exchange to obtain a polymer adhesive film, and drying in vacuum to obtain a composite polymer dry film; and immersing the composite polymer dry film into an electrolyte under an inert atmosphere for activation, and taking out to obtain the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte. The composite porous polymer electrolyte adhesive film prepared by the invention has excellent mechanical property and electrochemical stability, high ionic conductivity, and the assembled button cell also shows good cycling stability.

Description

Composite porous gel polymer electrolyte and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a composite porous gel polymer electrolyte and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the shortage of conventional energy and the increasing environmental problem, the development and application of new clean energy are urgent. Lithium ion batteries have attracted attention because of their excellent characteristics of high operating voltage, high specific energy density, long cycle life, safety, reliability, and the like. Particularly, with the emergence of plastic lithium ion batteries, the research and development of ionic polymer electrolytes are in a new stage.
The gel polymer electrolyte has ion mobility and charge carrier concentration close to those of liquid electrolyte, and the ion conductivity can reach 10 at room temperature-4~10-3S/cm, and the gel polymer electrolyte adsorbing the electrolyte has safety not possessed by liquid electrolytes. Among the gel polymer electrolyte systems, the polyethylene oxide-based polymer electrolyte system is currently the most studied by scientists, but the higher crystallinity at room temperature leads to an ionic conductivity of only 10-7~10-8S/cm。
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a composite porous gel polymer electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems of safety technology and low ionic conductivity of a solid polymer electrolyte of the traditional liquid lithium ion battery.
The invention provides a preparation method of a composite porous gel polymer electrolyte, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dispersing the vapor phase aluminum oxide into a solvent, then adding the polyester type polyurethane elastomer, heating and uniformly stirring to obtain coating slurry;
s2, coating the coating slurry on a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, standing until a primary film is formed, then placing the primary film in a coagulating bath for phase exchange to obtain a polymer adhesive film, and drying in vacuum to obtain a composite polymer dry film;
and S3, immersing the composite polymer dry film into an electrolyte under an inert atmosphere for activation, and taking out to obtain the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte.
Preferably, in S1, the mass percentage of the fumed alumina to the polyester polyurethane elastomer is 1-8: 92-99; preferably, the particle size D50 of the vapor phase alumina is 10-20 nm; preferably, the number average molecular weight of the polyester polyurethane elastomer is 1 × 105、2×105、5×105、1×106Preferably 2 × 10, and5
preferably, in S1, the solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide; preferably, the mass ratio of the polyester polyurethane elastomer to the solvent is 1: 3 to 5.
Preferably, in S1, the fumed alumina is added into the solvent, magnetically stirred and dispersed for 2-6 hours at 40-80 ℃, then the polyester polyurethane elastomer is added, and the temperature is raised to 100-150 ℃ and stirred uniformly.
Preferably, in S2, the coagulant is deionized water.
Preferably, in S2, the coating slurry is applied to a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet with a 500 μm wet film doctor blade to conduct doctor blading until a primary film is formed on the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, and then the sheet is placed in a coagulation bath to conduct phase exchange.
Preferably, in S2, the standing time for forming the primary film is controlled to be 80-100 min; preferably, the phase change time is 5-7 h.
Preferably, in S2, the composite dry polymer film has a thickness of 180 to 220 μm.
Preferably, in S3, the activation time is 5-10 min.
The invention also provides the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:
1. the coagulant in the preparation process of the invention adopts deionized water, is clean and pollution-free and is harmless to human body;
2. the polyester type polyurethane elastomer adopted by the invention has excellent mechanical property, so that the prepared polymer electrolyte has good interface stability and cycling stability in the use process of the lithium ion battery;
3. the added gas-phase alumina has a mechanical enhancement function on a polymer matrix, the existence of the alumina has a promotion effect on pore forming of the polymer matrix, the porosity is improved, and the ionic conductivity is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a liquid absorption rate test of porous gel electrolyte membranes prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and a comparative example;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing mechanical property test curves of porous gel electrolyte membranes prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and a comparative example;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the AC impedance of porous gel electrolyte membranes obtained in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and a comparative example; wherein the lower right corner is an enlarged view.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The specific preparation process of the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte comprises the following steps:
1. 0.063g of fumed alumina is added into 12g of DMF, magnetic stirring is carried out at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, 4g of polyester TPU is added, the temperature is increased to 135 ℃, and strong stirring is carried out until uniform coating slurry is formed.
2. The obtained uniform coating slurry was subjected to film scraping on a clean polytetrafluoroethylene plate having no surface scratches using a 500 μm wet film scraper at room temperature, allowed to stand for 90min until primary film formation, and placed in a coagulation bath together with the polytetrafluoroethylene plate for phase replacement for 6 hours. And (3) drying the polymer adhesive film subjected to phase replacement in a constant-temperature vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 2h to obtain a polymer dry film with the thickness of about 200 mu m.
3. And punching the dried polymer adhesive film into a wafer with the radius of 8mm by using a punching machine, and transferring the wafer into a vacuum glove box filled with argon gas for storage and standby. And finally, immersing the porous polymer membrane into electrolyte (lithium hexafluorophosphate as solute) in a glove box for activation for 10min to obtain the composite porous gel electrolyte membrane.
Example 2
The specific preparation process of the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte comprises the following steps:
1. 0.063g of fumed alumina is added into 16g of DMF, magnetic stirring is carried out at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, 4g of TPU is added, the temperature is increased to 135 ℃, and strong stirring is carried out until uniform coating slurry is formed.
2. The obtained uniform coating slurry was subjected to film scraping on a clean polytetrafluoroethylene plate having no surface scratches using a 500 μm wet film scraper at room temperature, allowed to stand for 90min until primary film formation, and placed in a coagulation bath together with the polytetrafluoroethylene plate for phase replacement for 6 hours. And (3) drying the polymer adhesive film subjected to phase replacement in a constant-temperature vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 2h to obtain a polymer dry film with the thickness of about 200 mu m.
3. And punching the dried polymer adhesive film into a wafer with the radius of 8mm by using a punching machine, and transferring the wafer into a vacuum glove box filled with argon gas for storage and standby. And finally, immersing the porous polymer membrane into electrolyte (lithium hexafluorophosphate as solute) in a glove box for activation for 10min to obtain the composite porous gel electrolyte membrane.
Example 3
The specific preparation process of the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte comprises the following steps:
1. 0.063g of fumed alumina is added into 20g of DMF, magnetic stirring is carried out at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, 4g of TPU is added, the temperature is increased to 135 ℃, and strong stirring is carried out until uniform coating slurry is formed.
2. The obtained uniform coating slurry was subjected to film scraping on a clean polytetrafluoroethylene plate having no surface scratches using a 500 μm wet film scraper at room temperature, allowed to stand for 90min until primary film formation, and placed in a coagulation bath together with the polytetrafluoroethylene plate for phase replacement for 6 hours. And (3) drying the polymer adhesive film subjected to phase replacement in a constant-temperature vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 2h to obtain a polymer dry film with the thickness of about 200 mu m.
3. And punching the dried polymer adhesive film into a wafer with the radius of 8mm by using a punching machine, and transferring the wafer into a vacuum glove box filled with argon gas for storage and standby. And finally, immersing the porous polymer membrane into electrolyte (lithium hexafluorophosphate as solute) in a glove box for activation for 10min to obtain the composite porous gel electrolyte membrane.
Comparative example
The specific preparation process of the porous gel polymer electrolyte comprises the following steps:
1. 4g of TPU was added to 16g of DMF and the mixture was heated to 135 ℃ and stirred vigorously until a uniform coating paste was formed.
2. The obtained uniform coating slurry was subjected to film scraping on a clean polytetrafluoroethylene plate having no surface scratches using a 500 μm wet film scraper at room temperature, allowed to stand for 90min until primary film formation, and placed in a coagulation bath together with the polytetrafluoroethylene plate for phase replacement for 6 hours. And (3) drying the polymer adhesive film subjected to phase replacement in a constant-temperature vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 2h to obtain a polymer dry film with the thickness of about 200 mu m.
3. And punching the dried polymer adhesive film into a wafer with the radius of 8mm by using a punching machine, and transferring the wafer into a vacuum glove box filled with argon gas for storage and standby. And finally, immersing the porous polymer membrane into electrolyte (lithium hexafluorophosphate as solute) in a glove box for activation for 10min to obtain the porous gel electrolyte membrane.
The porous gel electrolyte membranes prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example were subjected to performance tests, and the results are shown in fig. 1 to 3.
Fig. 1 is a graph showing liquid absorption rate test curves of examples and comparative examples, and it can be seen from the test results of fig. 1 that the liquid absorption rates of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples are 300.5%, 331.7%, 318.4%, and 290.8%, respectively, and the liquid absorption rate of the composite porous membrane is higher than that of the blank comparative example. The test result shows that the pores of the composite porous membrane for storing the electrolyte are increased after the nano-alumina is added, and the liquid absorption rate is increased.
FIG. 2 is the mechanical property test curves of examples and comparative examples, the tensile strengths of examples 1-3 and comparative examples are 25.1MPa, 18.8MPa, 19.6MPa and 27.4MPa, respectively, and the tensile strength of the blank sample is higher than that of the composite porous polymer film. The test result shows that the composite porous membrane has more gaps, the mechanical property is reduced due to stress concentration, and the mechanical strength is far more capable of meeting the requirement of the lithium ion battery.
FIG. 3 shows the AC impedance test of the examples and comparative examples. The impedance spectrum values of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example were 1.8. omega., 1.1. omega., 1.6. omega., and 2.4. omega., respectively. The room temperature ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte may be according to the formula
Figure BDA0002921339020000061
Calculating to obtain the ion conductivity of the sigma-polymer electrolyte adhesive film; l-the thickness of the corresponding polymer electrolyte membrane layer; r-the bulk resistance of the corresponding polymer electrolyte adhesive film; s-polymer electrolyte gelThe real contact area of the film and the stainless steel sheet. As a result of calculation, the lithium ion conductivities of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example were 4.77X 10, respectively-3s/cm、6.84×10-3s/cm、5.53×10-3s/cm、3.21×10-3s/cm. Test results show that the composite porous polymer electrolyte has more excellent lithium ion conductivity and is expected to be applied to lithium ion battery commercialization.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, dispersing the vapor phase aluminum oxide into a solvent, then adding the polyester type polyurethane elastomer, heating and uniformly stirring to obtain coating slurry;
s2, coating the coating slurry on a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, standing until a primary film is formed, then placing the primary film in a coagulating bath for phase exchange to obtain a polymer adhesive film, and drying in vacuum to obtain a composite polymer dry film;
and S3, immersing the composite polymer dry film into an electrolyte under an inert atmosphere for activation, and taking out to obtain the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte.
2. The preparation method of the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the mass percentage of the fumed alumina to the polyester type polyurethane elastomer is 1-8: 92-99; preferably, the particle size D50 of the vapor phase alumina is 10-20 nm; preferably, the number average molecular weight of the polyester polyurethane elastomer is 1 × 105、2×105、5×105、1×106Preferably 2 × 10, and5
3. the method for preparing a composite porous gel polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide; preferably, the mass ratio of the polyester polyurethane elastomer to the solvent is 1: 3 to 5.
4. The preparation method of the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein in S1, fumed alumina is added into a solvent, magnetically stirred and dispersed for 2-6 hours at 40-80 ℃, then a polyester type polyurethane elastomer is added, and the temperature is raised to 100-150 ℃ and uniformly stirred.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the coagulant is deionized water in S2.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in S2, the slurry is applied to a teflon plate with a 500 μm wet film blade to form a primary film on the teflon plate, and the primary film is then placed in a coagulation bath to undergo phase exchange.
7. The method for preparing the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the standing time for forming the primary film is controlled to be 80-100 min; preferably, the phase change time is 5-7 h.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite dry polymer film has a thickness of 180 to 220 μm in S2.
9. The method for preparing the composite porous gel polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the activation time in S3 is 5-10 min.
10. A composite porous gel polymer electrolyte prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202110119059.2A 2021-01-28 2021-01-28 Composite porous gel polymer electrolyte and preparation method thereof Pending CN112786958A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117855582A (en) * 2024-03-08 2024-04-09 河南师范大学 Flexible composite solid electrolyte and preparation and application thereof

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109326821A (en) * 2018-09-14 2019-02-12 湘潭大学 A kind of nanometer-material-modified rubber-gel electrolyte film and Preparation method and use

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109326821A (en) * 2018-09-14 2019-02-12 湘潭大学 A kind of nanometer-material-modified rubber-gel electrolyte film and Preparation method and use

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
高明昊等: ""聚氨酯/SiO2复合凝胶聚合物电解质的制备与性能"", 《高分子材料科学与工程》 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117855582A (en) * 2024-03-08 2024-04-09 河南师范大学 Flexible composite solid electrolyte and preparation and application thereof
CN117855582B (en) * 2024-03-08 2024-05-24 河南师范大学 Flexible composite solid electrolyte and preparation and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20210511