CN112782767A - DAS acquisition VSP variable offset wave field radial compensation method and device - Google Patents

DAS acquisition VSP variable offset wave field radial compensation method and device Download PDF

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CN112782767A
CN112782767A CN202011567721.2A CN202011567721A CN112782767A CN 112782767 A CN112782767 A CN 112782767A CN 202011567721 A CN202011567721 A CN 202011567721A CN 112782767 A CN112782767 A CN 112782767A
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李飞
刘聪伟
王雪峰
金其虎
李建国
吴俊军
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Optical Science and Technology Chengdu Ltd of CNPC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
    • G01V2210/51—Migration

Abstract

The invention discloses a radial compensation method and a device for VSP variable offset wave field acquisition by DAS, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, establishing a speed model by using the first arrival time of a zero-well-source-distance direct wave; s2, forward modeling incidence angles of excitation points with different offset distances to detection points with different depths; s3, respectively carrying out spherical diffusion correction and earth surface consistency compensation on the excitation point records with different offset distances, and picking up direct wave amplitude wave crests of detection points with different depths recorded by the excitation points with different offset distances; s4, drawing an incidence angle from the excitation point with different offset distances to the detection points with different depths and a direct wave amplitude peak normalization relation graph from the excitation point with different offset distances to the detection points with different depths; s5, fitting an incidence angle-normalized peak amplitude trend function, and S6, recording different offset incidence angles and different depths of wave detection points by using a compensation coefficient to perform radial compensation of the wave field. The invention provides a wave field radial compensation method suitable for DAS VSP optical fiber data acquisition, which accords with the wave field propagation rule and improves the amplitude preservation effect of the recorded wave field in the processing process.

Description

DAS acquisition VSP variable offset wave field radial compensation method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to processing and correcting of a variable offset distance borehole seismic VSP data wave field, in particular to a DAS acquisition VSP variable offset distance wave field radial compensation method and device.
Background
The distributed optical fiber sensing well geophysical technology is a new well geophysical technology emerging in recent years. With the continuous progress of Distributed optical fiber sensing technology (DAS), DAS has certain effects in the fields of boundary security, oil and gas pipeline monitoring, geological disaster prediction and engineering tunnel bridge monitoring, and the application of DAS VSP in Distributed optical fiber sensing wells is gradually mature and is expanding towards the application directions of hydraulic fracture micro-seismic monitoring, oil field temperature pressure, stress strain long-term monitoring and the like.
The geophysical technology in the optical fiber well is the application of the distributed optical fiber sensing technology in the field of geophysical in the well, and optical cables need to be arranged underground to sense and measure geophysical parameters in the well. The existing borehole earthquake generally adopts a conventional three-component detector to carry out VSP acquisition, when the offset distance is changed, a space vector wave field is recorded by the three-component detector X, Y, Z in a Cartesian coordinate system, and scalar wave field vectors acquired on different components can be synthesized to the space radial direction of an actual wave field by a vector rotation synthesis processing method; the DAS VSP can only carry out single-component acquisition at present, is not similar to a conventional three-component detector, and can only respond to a scalar wave field along the direction of an optical fiber, and when the offset distance is changed, the actual radial wave field can not be corrected by a conventional vector rotation synthesis processing method due to the lack of other component information of a space coordinate system, so that the conventional vector rotation synthesis processing method is only suitable for the three-component conventional detector, and can not realize effective radial compensation of the DAS VSP optical fiber acquisition data wave field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a radial compensation method and a device for DAS (data acquisition system) VSP (vertical seismic profiling) variable offset distance wave field, which consider the characteristics of scalar wave field along the direction of optical fiber, provide a radial compensation method for the DAS VSP optical fiber data acquisition wave field, accord with the wave field propagation rule and improve the amplitude preservation effect of the recorded wave field in the processing process.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a DAS acquisition VSP variable offset wave field radial compensation method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a speed model by using the first arrival time of a zero-well-source-distance direct wave;
s2, forward modeling incidence angles of excitation points with different offset distances to detection points with different depths;
s3, respectively carrying out spherical diffusion correction and earth surface consistency compensation on the excitation point records with different offset distances, and picking up direct wave amplitude wave crests of detection points with different depths recorded by the excitation points with different offset distances;
s4, drawing an incidence angle from the excitation point with different offset distances to the detection points with different depths and a direct wave amplitude peak normalization relation graph from the excitation point with different offset distances to the detection points with different depths;
s5, fitting an incidence angle-normalized peak amplitude trend function according to the relation chart drawn in the step S4,
Fun(θi，Ampi)
where Fun is a trend function, θi、AmpiThe angle of incidence and the pickup amplitude are at an offset distance i;
solving depth compensation coefficients Cf of different offset incidence angles and different detection points;
Figure BDA0002862016350000021
wherein Cf is a compensation coefficient;
s6, performing wave field radial compensation on different offset incident angles and different depth records of the wave detection points by using different offset incident angles and different depth compensation coefficients of the wave detection points:
AmpCf＝Cf×Ampi
in the formula AmpCfThe amplitude after radial compensation of the wavefield.
A DAS acquisition VSP variable offset wavefield radial compensation device, comprising:
the speed model building module is used for building a speed model by utilizing the first arrival time of the zero-well-source-distance direct wave;
the incident angle determining module is used for forward demonstrating incident angles from different offset excitation points to different depth detection points;
the amplitude crest correction module is used for picking up the direct wave amplitude crests of the different-offset excitation points and recording the detection points with different depths and respectively carrying out spherical diffusion correction and shot point consistency correction;
the normalization relation determining module is used for drawing a normalization relation graph of incidence angles of different offset excitation points reaching different depth detection points and direct wave amplitude wave crests of different offset excitation points recording different depth detection points;
the compensation coefficient determining module is used for determining different offset incident angles and different depth compensation coefficients of the detection points;
and the wave field radial compensation module is used for carrying out wave field radial compensation on different offset incident angles and different depth records of the wave detection points by utilizing different offset incident angles and different depth compensation coefficients of the wave detection points.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when actual DAS VSP collected data are processed, the method accords with a wave field propagation rule, and improves the amplitude-preserving effect of the recorded wave field in the processing process; the problem that radial compensation cannot be carried out on VSP variable offset wave fields acquired by the DAS due to lack of other component information of a space coordinate system in the existing scheme is effectively solved, and the actual processing requirement can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the forward incidence angles of different offsets from the excitation point to different depths of the detection point in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the normalized relationship between the peak amplitudes of the direct wave and the different incident angles in the embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
The invention considers the conventional three-component detector, only can respond to a scalar wave field along the optical fiber direction, when the offset distance changes, the actual radial wave field cannot be corrected by using the conventional vector rotation synthesis processing method due to the lack of other component information of a space coordinate system, in addition, along with the increase of the offset distance, the attenuation law of a direct wave field acquired by the DAS-VSP is also different from the Z component acquired by the conventional three-component detector, the recording of the Z component of the direct wave field acquired by the conventional three-component detector is in direct proportion to the cosine of an incident angle, the recording of the direct wave field acquired by the DAS-VSP along the optical fiber direction is in direct proportion to the square of the cosine of the incident angle, so the characteristics of the scalar wave field along the optical fiber direction are considered in the actual DAS-VSP acquisition data processing process, a wave field radial compensation method suitable for DAS-VSP optical fiber acquisition data is designed, improve the width of cloth effect of keeping of record wave field among the processing procedure, satisfy the actual processing demand, specifically:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for radial compensation of VSP variable offset wavefield by DAS acquisition includes the following steps:
s1, establishing a speed model by utilizing the first arrival time of a zero-well-source-distance direct wave:
calculating a horizontal laminar velocity model according to the first arrival time of the direct waves arriving at the detectors with different depths; the horizontal laminar velocity model comprises:
vk＝(depthk-depthk-1)/(tk-tk-1)。
in the formula vkSpeed of the k-th layer, depthkIs the depth of the k-th layer, tkIs the k layer travel time; formation velocity stratification in the embodiments of the present application is shown in FIG. 2;
s2, forward modeling the incidence angles of excitation points with different offset distances to detection points with different depths:
calculating the incidence angles of the excitation points with different offsets to the detection points with different depths by adopting the velocity model established in the step S1 through a ray tracing forward method;
the method for calculating the incident angle comprises the following steps:
giving the equation for the epicenter:
Figure BDA0002862016350000031
and (3) iteratively calculating a ray path according to the epicenter equation, and then giving a relation formula of ray parameters with the incident angle and the layer velocity:
p＝sinθk/vk
calculating an incident angle according to a relational formula of ray parameters, the incident angle and the layer speed; where p is the ray parameter, θkIs the angle of incidence of the k-th layer, vkIs the propagation velocity of the wave in the k-th layer, hkIs the thickness of the kth layer; delta is the epicenter distance, which refers to the distance from the epicenter to the ground observation point, and the epicenter refers to the projection of the seismic source on the ground.
S3, respectively carrying out spherical diffusion correction and earth surface consistency compensation on the excitation point records with different offset distances, and picking up direct wave amplitude wave crests of detection points with different depths recorded by the excitation points with different offset distances;
the spherical diffusion correction method in the step S3 includes a t-index spherical diffusion compensation method; the spherical diffusion compensation formula includes, but is not limited to:
Ampc＝Amp×ta
in the formula AmpcThe amplitude after spherical diffusion compensation is obtained, Amp is the amplitude before compensation, t represents time, wherein a is a constant, and the value range is 1.25-2.0;
the earth surface consistency compensation is mainly used for compensating the amplitude difference caused by the difference of shot points and wave detection points and the difference of excitation well depth, dosage, lithology and wave detector embedding coupling:
Figure BDA0002862016350000041
where x (t), y (t) are the input and output seismic traces, respectively, B is the average energy level desired to be compensated, and A (t) is the amplitude contribution of surface factors to the seismic recording.
S4, drawing an incidence angle from the excitation point with different offset distances to the detection point with different depths and a direct wave amplitude peak normalization relation graph from the excitation point with different offset distances to the detection point with different depths, wherein the relation between the incidence angle and the peak amplitude is shown in a graph 3;
s5, fitting an incidence angle-normalized peak amplitude trend function according to the relation chart drawn in the step S4,
Fun(θi，Ampi)
where Fun is a trend function, θi、AmpiFor the angle of incidence and pickup amplitude at offset distance i,
solving depth compensation coefficients Cf of different offset incidence angles and different detection points;
Figure BDA0002862016350000042
wherein Cf is a compensation coefficient;
s6, performing wave field radial compensation on different offset incident angles and different depth records of the wave detection points by using different offset incident angles and different depth compensation coefficients of the wave detection points:
AmpCf＝Cf×Ampi
in the formula AmpCfThe amplitude after radial compensation of the wavefield.
As shown in fig. 4, a DAS radial compensation apparatus for acquiring VSP variable offset wavefield includes:
the speed model building module is used for building a speed model by utilizing the first arrival time of the zero-well-source-distance direct wave;
the incident angle determining module is used for forward demonstrating incident angles from different offset excitation points to different depth detection points;
the amplitude crest correction module is used for picking up the direct wave amplitude crests of the different-offset excitation points and recording the detection points with different depths and respectively carrying out spherical diffusion correction and shot point consistency correction;
the normalization relation determining module is used for drawing a normalization relation graph of incidence angles of different offset excitation points reaching different depth detection points and direct wave amplitude wave crests of different offset excitation points recording different depth detection points;
the compensation coefficient determining module is used for determining different offset incident angles and different depth compensation coefficients of the detection points;
and the wave field radial compensation module is used for carrying out wave field radial compensation on different offset incident angles and different depth records of the wave detection points by utilizing different offset incident angles and different depth compensation coefficients of the wave detection points.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, and is capable of other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A DAS acquisition VSP variable offset wave field radial compensation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a speed model by using the first arrival time of a zero-well-source-distance direct wave;
s2, forward modeling incidence angles of excitation points with different offset distances to detection points with different depths;
s3, respectively carrying out spherical diffusion correction and earth surface consistency compensation on the excitation point records with different offset distances, and picking up direct wave amplitude wave crests of detection points with different depths recorded by the excitation points with different offset distances;
s4, drawing an incidence angle from the excitation point with different offset distances to the detection points with different depths and a direct wave amplitude peak normalization relation graph from the excitation point with different offset distances to the detection points with different depths;
s5, fitting an incidence angle-normalized peak amplitude trend function according to the relation chart drawn in the step S4,
Fun(θi，Ampi)
where Fun is a trend function, θi、AmpiThe angle of incidence and the pickup amplitude are at an offset distance i;
solving depth compensation coefficients Cf of different offset incidence angles and different detection points;
Figure FDA0002862016340000011
wherein Cf is a compensation coefficient;
s6, performing wave field radial compensation on different offset incident angles and different depth records of the wave detection points by using different offset incident angles and different depth compensation coefficients of the wave detection points:
AmpCf＝Cf×Ampi
in the formula AmpCfThe amplitude after radial compensation of the wavefield.
2. The method of radial compensation of a VSP variable offset wavefield by a DAS acquisition of claim 1, wherein: the step S1 includes the following sub-steps:
calculating a horizontal laminar velocity model according to the first arrival time of the direct waves arriving at the detectors with different depths; the horizontal laminar velocity model includes, but is not limited to:
vk＝(depthk-depthk-1)/(tk-tk-1)。
in the formula vkSpeed of the k-th layer, depthkIs the depth of the k-th layer, tkIs the k-th travel time.
3. The method of radial compensation of a VSP variable offset wavefield by a DAS acquisition of claim 1, wherein: the step S2 includes the following sub-steps:
calculating the incidence angles of the excitation points with different offsets to the detection points with different depths by adopting the velocity model established in the step S1 through a ray tracing forward method;
the method for calculating the incident angle comprises the following steps:
giving the equation for the epicenter:
Figure FDA0002862016340000021
and (3) iteratively calculating a ray path according to the epicenter equation, and then giving a relation formula of ray parameters with the incident angle and the layer velocity:
p＝sinθk/vk
calculating an incident angle according to a relational formula of ray parameters, the incident angle and the layer speed; where p is the ray parameter, θkIs the angle of incidence of the k-th layer, vkIs the propagation velocity of the wave in the k-th layer, hkIs the thickness of the kth layer; delta is the epicenter distance, which refers to the distance from the epicenter to the ground observation point, and the epicenter refers to the projection of the seismic source on the ground.
4. The method of radial compensation of a VSP variable offset wavefield by a DAS acquisition of claim 1, wherein: the spherical diffusion correction method in the step S3 includes a t-index spherical diffusion compensation method; the spherical diffusion compensation formula includes, but is not limited to:
Ampc＝Amp×ta
in the formula AmpcThe amplitude after spherical diffusion compensation is obtained, Amp is the amplitude before compensation, t represents time, wherein a is a constant, and the value range is 1.25-2.0;
the earth surface consistency compensation is mainly used for compensating the amplitude difference caused by the difference of shot points and wave detection points and the difference of excitation well depth, dosage, lithology and wave detector embedding coupling:
Figure FDA0002862016340000022
where x (t), y (t) are the input and output seismic traces, respectively, B is the average energy level desired to be compensated, and A (t) is the amplitude contribution of surface factors to the seismic recording.
5. A DAS acquisition VSP variable offset wavefield radial compensation device adopting the method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the speed model building module is used for building a speed model by utilizing the first arrival time of the zero-well-source-distance direct wave;
the incident angle determining module is used for forward demonstrating incident angles from different offset excitation points to different depth detection points;
the amplitude crest correction module is used for picking up the direct wave amplitude crests of the different-offset excitation points and recording the detection points with different depths and respectively carrying out spherical diffusion correction and shot point consistency correction;
the normalization relation determining module is used for drawing a normalization relation graph of incidence angles of different offset excitation points reaching different depth detection points and direct wave amplitude wave crests of different offset excitation points recording different depth detection points;
the compensation coefficient determining module is used for determining different offset incident angles and different depth compensation coefficients of the detection points;
and the wave field radial compensation module is used for carrying out wave field radial compensation on different offset incident angles and different depth records of the wave detection points by utilizing different offset incident angles and different depth compensation coefficients of the wave detection points.
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