CN112781785A - Method for testing internal vacuum degree of soft package battery and quality control method of soft package battery - Google Patents

Method for testing internal vacuum degree of soft package battery and quality control method of soft package battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112781785A
CN112781785A CN201911014141.8A CN201911014141A CN112781785A CN 112781785 A CN112781785 A CN 112781785A CN 201911014141 A CN201911014141 A CN 201911014141A CN 112781785 A CN112781785 A CN 112781785A
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China
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soft package
package battery
vacuum degree
battery
internal vacuum
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闫振华
王少明
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Luoyang Storage And Transformation System Co ltd
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Luoyang Storage And Transformation System Co ltd
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Priority to CN201911014141.8A priority Critical patent/CN112781785A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L21/00Vacuum gauges

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for testing the internal vacuum degree of a soft package battery and a method for controlling the quality of the soft package battery, and belongs to the technical field of soft package batteries. The invention discloses a method for testing the internal vacuum degree of a soft package battery, which comprises the following steps: (1) placing a soft package battery to be tested in a vacuum environment; observing whether the surface of the soft package battery is swelled or not under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is not greater than the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery; (2) if the surface of the soft package battery to be tested is swelled, the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is unqualified; and if the surface of the soft package battery to be tested is not swelled under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment reaches the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery, determining that the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is qualified. The method can quickly and simply screen the soft package battery with unqualified internal vacuum degree, thereby effectively avoiding the capacity loss of the soft package battery caused by the bad internal vacuum degree, being beneficial to ensuring the quality of the battery, having no damage to the soft package battery, and having simple and convenient operation and easy implementation.

Description

Method for testing internal vacuum degree of soft package battery and quality control method of soft package battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for testing the internal vacuum degree of a soft package battery and a method for controlling the quality of the soft package battery, and belongs to the technical field of soft package batteries.
Background
The soft package battery has the characteristics of flexible design, light weight, small internal resistance, difficult explosion, multiple cycle times, good safety performance, large capacity, high energy density and the like, can improve the energy density of the power battery on the prior art level, further reduces the difference between the power battery and a fuel vehicle on the endurance mileage, and is valued by more and more manufacturers.
Air in the soft package battery and gases formed in the manufacturing process (such as HF, CO and CO generated in formation)2NO, etc.) will affect the cellTherefore, in the production of the soft package battery, the inside of the soft package battery needs to be vacuumized by a vacuum device, but no effective method is available at present to ensure whether the vacuum degree inside the soft package battery is qualified. In laminate polymer battery's the production, need can obtain laminate polymer battery through evacuation and two seals, during the evacuation, if the vacuum source among the vacuum apparatus who uses is unusual, perhaps, the ability of the evacuation of the vacuum apparatus who uses is not enough, all can lead to laminate polymer battery's inside vacuum unqualified, during two seals, if two equipment leakproofness are poor, take out to appointed vacuum back vacuum and have great the revealing, also will lead to laminate polymer battery's inside vacuum unqualified.
If the inside vacuum of laminate polymer battery is not enough, make laminate polymer battery inside remain there is too much gas, will influence the performance of battery, can attach to electrode or diaphragm surface if gaseous, thereby reduce electrolyte to the infiltration speed and the infiltration degree of pole piece or diaphragm by a wide margin, and then influence the cyclicity ability etc., again can increase battery thickness like the existence of gas, make the yield reduce, for example, the battery is gaseous many again, can discharge more electrolyte when sealing, thereby lead to remaining electrolyte volume in the battery to reduce, finally influence the life of battery. Then, at present, no effective detection method is available for quickly and simply detecting whether the vacuum degree in the soft package battery is within the qualified range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the internal vacuum degree of a soft package battery, which can quickly and simply detect whether the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is qualified.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a quality control method of the soft package battery.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for testing the internal vacuum degree of a soft package battery comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a soft package battery to be tested in a vacuum environment; observing whether the surface of the soft package battery is swelled or not under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is not greater than the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery;
(2) if the surface of the soft package battery to be tested is swelled, the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is unqualified;
and if the surface of the soft package battery to be tested is not swelled under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment reaches the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery, determining that the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is qualified.
It is easily conceivable that the vacuum environment is provided by a vacuum box. In the step (1), placing a soft package battery to be tested in a vacuum environment; under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is not greater than the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery, whether the surface of the soft package battery is swelled can be observed, and the method can be realized through the following operation modes: the laminate polymer battery that will await measuring places in the vacuum chamber, then carry out the evacuation to the vacuum chamber, in the evacuation process, vacuum in the vacuum chamber will rise gradually, vacuum in the vacuum chamber will be more and more be close to laminate polymer battery inside vacuum design value promptly, the in-process that vacuum in the vacuum chamber rises gradually, if the laminate polymer battery surface of awaiting measuring bloates, even when laminate polymer battery surface bloates, vacuum in the vacuum chamber does not reach laminate polymer battery inside vacuum design value, also can stop the evacuation this moment, it is unqualified to judge this laminate polymer battery inside vacuum.
It can be understood that most of the packaging materials of the soft package battery are aluminum-plastic films, and the aluminum-plastic films are soft and can deform under the pressure difference under normal conditions. Most of aluminum plastic films are only 70-160 μm thick, the common thickness specifications are 76 μm, 88 μm, 113 μm and 152 μm, and for an aluminum plastic film with a thickness of 113 μm, the aluminum plastic film is generally composed of three layers, an inner layer PP (polypropylene layer) is 40 μm thick, a middle aluminum layer is 40 μm thick, a surface layer nylon layer is 25 μm thick, and a bonding agent with a thickness of several micrometers is arranged between every two layers, so that deformation is easy to generate, deformation can be generated under a very small air pressure difference, bulging is formed, and the air pressure difference of deformation of the aluminum plastic film can be ignored. It is believed that bulging occurs when the internal vacuum of the pouch cell is less than ambient vacuum.
It is understood that the number of the pouch cells to be tested may be one or more.
It is easy to understand that the vacuum box is provided with an observation window which can observe the soft package battery to be tested, and whether the soft package battery to be tested bulges can be observed through the observation window. And after the vacuum degree in the vacuum box reaches a set value, observing whether the soft package battery to be tested changes, if the surface of the soft package battery to be tested has bulging, indicating that the internal vacuum degree of the battery is unqualified, and if the surface of the soft package battery to be tested is flat and has no bulging (and no liquid leakage, namely good air tightness), indicating that the internal vacuum degree of the battery is qualified.
It is easy to understand that, for the soft package battery with poor sealing performance, obvious leakage can occur during the process of manufacturing the battery or in a vacuum environment, and the leakage can be detected visually. Therefore, the battery which is found to have poor air tightness and has liquid leakage in the process of manufacturing the soft package battery is directly screened, the internal vacuum degree does not need to be continuously checked, if the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is checked, the liquid leakage condition of the soft package battery is generated when the soft package battery is in a vacuum environment, the screening is carried out, and the soft package battery which has poor air tightness and is subjected to liquid leakage by default is unqualified.
It can be understood that the reasons why the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is not qualified are mainly as follows: (1) the vacuum equipment has problems, namely the vacuum source of the two pieces of equipment is abnormal or the vacuum pumping capacity is insufficient, so that the vacuum equipment cannot pump the specified vacuum degree; (2) the two-seal device has poor sealing performance, and the vacuum has large leakage after the vacuum is pumped to a specified vacuum degree. If the electrolyte is caused by the second reason, namely the sealability of the secondary sealing equipment is poor, namely the airtightness of the soft package battery is poor, in the secondary sealing or vacuum degree detection process, the electrolyte overflows to the surface from the inside of the battery, the surface of the battery is corroded, and the battery can be detected visually.
It can be understood that the laminate polymer battery that awaits measuring can be the laminate polymer battery after two seals, the inspection method of the inside vacuum degree of this laminate polymer battery can regard as one on the battery production line to detect the process, a first inspection or the process selective examination for preparing laminate polymer battery, for example, examine the inside vacuum degree of the first laminate polymer battery of preparation laminate polymer battery, if this laminate polymer battery takes place to swell, promptly inside vacuum degree is unqualified, then adjust vacuum apparatus, treat that vacuum apparatus moves steadily the back, can carry out the selective examination to the inside vacuum degree of laminate polymer battery, if the laminate polymer battery that selective examination was examined appears bulging, examine the inside vacuum degree of laminate polymer battery of same batch, if appear big unqualifiedly in batches, examine and adjust vacuum apparatus, take place the laminate polymer battery that bulges to the sieve simultaneously. Through the mode, the soft package battery with the internal vacuum degree not in the qualified range can be detected, and the occurrence of the unqualified soft package battery with the internal vacuum degree in batches is avoided, so that the quality of the soft package battery is ensured.
According to the invention, the soft package battery with unqualified internal vacuum degree and a bulged surface can be screened out only by placing the soft package battery to be tested in a vacuum environment with a set vacuum degree value, the soft package battery is not damaged, the operation is simple and convenient, the implementation is easy, and the soft package battery with unqualified internal vacuum degree can be screened out quickly, simply and conveniently, so that the capacity loss of the soft package battery caused by the bad internal vacuum degree is effectively avoided, and the quality of the battery is effectively ensured.
Preferably, under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment reaches the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the pouch battery, if the surface of the pouch battery to be tested does not swell, the internal vacuum degree of the pouch battery is qualified. The deformation is easily generated on the packaging material of the soft package battery, most of the deformation is soft aluminum plastic films, and the deformation is generated as long as the air pressure difference exists, so that under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment reaches the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery, if the surface of the soft package battery to be tested does not swell, the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is larger than the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment, namely the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is qualified.
Preferably, the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is 80-95 kPa. At present, the qualified range of the internal vacuum degree of most soft package batteries is 80-95 kPa, and the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package batteries can be set according to the value.
It will be appreciated that the pouch cells to be tested may be placed in the vacuum chamber in a horizontal position, or in an inclined or vertical position. In order to further facilitate observation of whether the pouch battery is swollen, the pouch battery to be tested is preferably placed in a flat manner in a vacuum environment.
In order to detect whether the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery after secondary sealing is qualified, preferably, the soft package battery to be tested is the soft package battery after secondary sealing.
A quality control method of a soft package battery comprises the following steps: (1) the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery according to claim 1, wherein the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery after vacuumizing and secondary sealing is tested; (2) if the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is qualified, continuing the production of the soft package battery; if the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is unqualified, the vacuum equipment and the secondary sealing equipment are debugged until the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is qualified after vacuumizing and secondary sealing, and then the production of the soft package battery is continued.
According to the quality control method of the soft package battery, after the internal vacuum degree is detected according to the method for detecting the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery, production is optimized by debugging vacuum equipment and secondary equipment, and further capacity loss caused by poor internal vacuum degree of batch soft package batteries obtained by production is effectively avoided, so that the quality of the battery is effectively guaranteed, and the method can be used for rapidly screening the soft package batteries with unqualified internal vacuum degree in batches.
If the surface of the first soft package battery during production bulges, vacuum equipment and two sealing devices are adjusted, the soft package battery with unqualified internal vacuum degree can be avoided appearing in batches after the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery with two sealing devices is qualified through vacuumizing, the production of the soft package battery is continued again, the soft package battery with unqualified internal vacuum degree can be avoided being stably produced, the soft package battery with unqualified internal vacuum degree can be effectively prevented from appearing, after the soft package battery with unqualified internal vacuum degree is inspected, the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery in batches is inspected, the vacuum equipment and two sealing devices are adjusted simultaneously, and the production of the soft package battery is continued again after the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery with two sealing devices is qualified through vacuumizing.
Preferably, in the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the pouch battery, under the condition that the vacuum degree of a vacuum environment reaches a design value of the internal vacuum degree of the pouch battery, if the surface of the pouch battery to be tested does not swell, the internal vacuum degree of the pouch battery is qualified.
Preferably, in the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery, the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is 80-95 kPa.
Preferably, in the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the pouch battery, the pouch battery is placed horizontally in a vacuum environment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
The packaging material of the soft package battery in the embodiment of the invention is an aluminum plastic film with the thickness of 113 μm, and the aluminum plastic film deforms under the condition of almost negligible air pressure difference.
The specific embodiment of the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is as follows:
example 1
According to the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery, when the soft package battery to be tested is subjected to secondary sealing, vacuumizing is carried out to 95kPa, and if the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery to be tested is in a range above 80kPa, the soft package battery is qualified, namely the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is 80kPa, and the air pressure difference of deformation of a packaging material of the soft package battery to be tested is very small and can be ignored. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) flatly placing the soft package battery to be tested in a vacuum box provided with a glass window for observation, vacuumizing the vacuum box, and observing whether the surface of the soft package battery bulges or not under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum box is not more than 80 kPa.
(2) Observe the laminate polymer battery of awaiting measuring through the glass observation window, when the vacuum of vacuum chamber was taken out to 80kPa, the laminate polymer battery surface of test did not swell, then the inside vacuum of this laminate polymer battery is qualified.
Example 2
According to the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery, when the soft package battery to be tested is subjected to secondary sealing, vacuumizing is carried out to 95kPa, and if the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery to be tested is in a range above 80kPa, the soft package battery is qualified, namely the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is 80kPa, and the air pressure difference of deformation of a packaging material of the soft package battery to be tested is very small and can be ignored. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) flatly placing the soft package battery to be tested in a vacuum box provided with a glass window for observation, vacuumizing the vacuum box, and observing whether the surface of the soft package battery bulges or not under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum box is not more than 80 kPa.
(2) Observe the laminate polymer battery that awaits measuring through the glass observation window, when the vacuum of vacuum chamber was taken out to 60kPa, the laminate polymer battery surface bulging that awaits measuring judged this laminate polymer battery that awaits measuring inside vacuum unqualified. And taking out the battery after the observation is finished, and screening out unqualified soft package batteries.
The method avoids the capacity loss caused by poor internal vacuum degree and effectively ensures the quality of the battery.
Example 3
According to the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery in the embodiment, the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery to be tested is detected according to the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery in the embodiment 2, when the vacuum degree of a vacuum box is pumped to 80kPa, the surface of the soft package battery to be tested is swelled, and the unqualified internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery to be tested is judged. And taking out the battery after the observation is finished, and screening out unqualified soft package batteries.
The method avoids the capacity loss caused by poor internal vacuum degree and effectively ensures the quality of the battery.
Secondly, the specific embodiment of the quality control method of the soft package battery is as follows:
example 4
According to the quality control method of the soft package battery, the first soft package battery obtained through vacuumizing and secondary sealing is subjected to first inspection, the vacuumizing of the soft package battery is performed to 95kPa during secondary sealing, if the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery to be tested is in a range of more than 80kPa, the soft package battery is qualified, namely the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is 80kPa, and the air pressure difference of deformation of a packaging material of the soft package battery to be tested is very small and can be ignored. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) flatly placing the soft package battery in a vacuum box provided with a glass window for observation, vacuumizing the vacuum box, and observing whether the surface of the soft package battery bulges or not under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum box is not more than 80 kPa.
(2) Observe this laminate polymer battery through the glass observation window, when the vacuum of vacuum box was taken out to 80kPa, test laminate polymer battery surface did not bulge, judge that this laminate polymer battery inside vacuum is qualified.
The first inspection of the soft package battery is qualified, which shows that the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery obtained by the quality control method of the soft package battery is qualified, and the soft package battery can be continuously manufactured according to the production process parameters of the soft package battery inspected by the first inspection.
Example 5
According to the quality control method of the soft package battery, the first soft package battery obtained through vacuumizing and secondary sealing is subjected to first inspection, the vacuumizing of the soft package battery is performed to 95kPa during secondary sealing, if the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery to be tested is in a range of more than 80kPa, the soft package battery is qualified, namely the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is 80kPa, and the air pressure difference of deformation of a packaging material of the soft package battery to be tested is very small and can be ignored. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) flatly placing the soft package battery in a vacuum box provided with a glass window for observation, vacuumizing the vacuum box, and observing whether the surface of the soft package battery bulges or not under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum box is not more than 80 kPa.
(2) Observe this laminate polymer battery through the glass observation window, when the vacuum of vacuum chamber was taken out to 40kPa, the laminate polymer battery surface bulging of awaiting measuring judged this laminate polymer battery that awaits measuring is unqualified.
(3) Debugging vacuum equipment and two equipment, keeping flat the laminate polymer battery who obtains after will debugging in being equipped with the vacuum box of observing with the glass window, then carry out the evacuation to the vacuum box, when the vacuum of vacuum box was taken out to 80kPa, test laminate polymer battery surface did not swell, and it is qualified to judge the inside vacuum of this laminate polymer battery.
And (3) carrying out first inspection on the first soft package battery according to the quality control method of the soft package battery in the embodiment 4, wherein the surface of the first soft package battery is swelled, and the internal vacuum degree of the first soft package battery is unqualified. The internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery obtained by the quality control method of the soft package battery is qualified, and the soft package battery can be continuously manufactured according to the production process parameters of the soft package battery inspected by the first item.
The method effectively avoids the occurrence of batch soft package batteries with poor internal vacuum degree, and effectively ensures the quality of the batteries.
Example 6
The quality control method for the soft package battery of the embodiment performs the spot check on the produced soft package battery, the vacuum degree in the soft package battery subjected to the spot check is qualified within the range above 80kPa, namely the design value of the vacuum degree in the soft package battery is 80kPa, the air pressure difference of deformation generated by the packaging material of the soft package battery to be tested is very small and can be ignored, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) flatly placing the soft package battery to be tested in a vacuum box provided with a glass window for observation, vacuumizing the vacuum box, and observing whether the surface of the soft package battery bulges or not under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum box is not more than 80 kPa.
(2) Observe the laminate polymer battery of awaiting measuring through the glass observation window, when the vacuum of vacuum chamber was taken out to 80kPa, the laminate polymer battery surface of test did not swell, then the inside vacuum of this laminate polymer battery is qualified.
When the vacuum degree of the vacuum box is pumped to 80kPa, the surface of the soft package battery to be tested is swelled, the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery to be tested is judged to be unqualified, after the vacuumizing is finished, the soft package battery with the unqualified internal vacuum degree is screened, the internal vacuum degree of the batch of soft package batteries in which the soft package batteries to be randomly inspected are located is inspected, the soft package batteries with the unqualified internal vacuum degree are screened, the vacuum equipment is debugged, and the internal vacuum degree of the soft package batteries is qualified until the obtained internal vacuum degree is qualified.
The method effectively avoids the occurrence of batch soft package batteries with poor internal vacuum degree, and effectively ensures the quality of the batteries.

Claims (9)

1. The method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) placing a soft package battery to be tested in a vacuum environment; observing whether the surface of the soft package battery is swelled or not under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is not greater than the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery;
(2) if the surface of the soft package battery to be tested is swelled, the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is unqualified;
and if the surface of the soft package battery to be tested is not swelled under the condition that the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment reaches the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery, determining that the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is qualified.
2. The method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery according to claim 1, wherein the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is 70kPa or more.
3. The method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery according to claim 2, wherein the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is 80-95 kPa.
4. The method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the pouch battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pouch battery to be tested is placed in a flat manner in a vacuum environment.
5. The method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the pouch battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pouch battery to be tested is a double-sealed pouch battery.
6. A quality control method of a soft package battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery after vacuumizing and secondary sealing is tested;
(2) if the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is unqualified, debugging vacuum equipment and/or secondary equipment until the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is qualified after the inspection of the inspection method in the step (1), and then continuing the production of the soft package battery;
and if the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is qualified, continuing the production of the soft package battery.
7. The quality control method for the pouch battery according to claim 6, wherein in the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the pouch battery, the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the pouch battery is 70kPa or more.
8. The quality control method of the soft package battery according to claim 7, characterized in that in the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery, the design value of the internal vacuum degree of the soft package battery is 80-95 kPa.
9. The quality control method for the pouch battery according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein in the method for testing the internal vacuum degree of the pouch battery, the pouch battery is placed in a flat manner in a vacuum environment.
CN201911014141.8A 2019-10-23 2019-10-23 Method for testing internal vacuum degree of soft package battery and quality control method of soft package battery Pending CN112781785A (en)

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CN115265941A (en) * 2022-09-22 2022-11-01 深圳市利和兴股份有限公司 Soft package battery testing method and system and storage medium
CN115265941B (en) * 2022-09-22 2023-08-22 深圳市利和兴股份有限公司 Soft package battery testing method, system and storage medium
CN117308809A (en) * 2023-11-28 2023-12-29 洛阳储变电系统有限公司 Bulge detection device after soft package battery seals
CN117308809B (en) * 2023-11-28 2024-02-02 洛阳储变电系统有限公司 Bulge detection device after soft package battery seals

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Application publication date: 20210511