CN112781443B - Stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112781443B CN112781443B CN202110001579.3A CN202110001579A CN112781443B CN 112781443 B CN112781443 B CN 112781443B CN 202110001579 A CN202110001579 A CN 202110001579A CN 112781443 B CN112781443 B CN 112781443B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41F—APPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS; LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES; HARPOON GUNS
- F41F1/00—Launching apparatus for projecting projectiles or missiles from barrels, e.g. cannons; Harpoon guns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
- B29C70/443—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding and impregnating by vacuum or injection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box and a preparation method thereof, wherein the launching box is divided into 4 parts of an ablation resistant layer, a low-density functional gradient area, a stealth shielding layer and a structure bearing layer according to functional design, and 4 parts of a guide rail, a guide rail base, a skin and an outer reinforcing frame according to a structure, and a box body of the launching box is cylindrical and consists of the guide rail, the guide rail base, the skin and the outer reinforcing frame. The wet-process layering and winding process is adopted, the resin formula is designed according to different functional requirements, the effects of wet-process co-curing and microcosmic no interface are achieved, the composite material is completely prepared, the performances such as bearing capacity, ablation resistance, stealth shielding and the like are integrated, the material cost is low, the manufacturing cost is low, the stealth requirement of the modern military operation storage and transportation launching box can be fully met, and the composite material can be repeatedly used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of all-composite material launching boxes, and particularly relates to a light launching box integrating stealth, ablation and bearing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The launching box is an important component of a missile weapon box launching technology, has the functions of storage, transportation and launching simultaneously, and has the advantages of all-weather adaptability, rapid battlefield response capability and the like. The launching box is used as a main bearing structure, the guided missile is hung in the box, and a guide rail is arranged in the box to provide an initial directional launching angle for the guided missile to fly out, so that the initial posture of the guided missile is ensured.
Modern military operations require that the launching box has higher mechanical property and also requires light structure and multifunctional integration. The traditional launching box made of metal materials cannot meet the requirements, and the box body made of fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials can solve the problems of heavy weight, welding deformation, easy corrosion and the like of a metal structure, has lower production cost, and is more and more widely applied to weapon systems.
The composite material launching canister and the preparation method thereof are characterized in that an inner heat-resistant anti-scouring layer, an inner canister layer, a heat-insulating interlayer, an outer canister layer and a reinforcing frame are formed by multiple times of curing and machining, the requirements of the launching canister on higher mechanical property, lightest weight, function diversification and structure integration can be met, the process is complex, the forming efficiency is low, functional layers of different structures are bonded physically, and the interlayer strength is low. For example, chinese patent CN201610544432 is a sandwich structure full composite material launch canister, which discloses a sandwich structure full composite material launch canister with high bearing efficiency and light weight, the sandwich structure full composite material launch canister comprises a canister section and a primary chamber fixedly connected with the canister section, the canister section comprises an inner canister, an outer canister and a foam interlayer, the foam interlayer is located between the inner canister and the outer canister, the materials of the inner canister and the outer canister are both fiber prepregs, the inner canister and the outer canister both adopt prepreg layers, the foam interlayer structure is arranged in the middle, different functional layers adopt different systems of prepregs to lay and co-cure, the microscopic non-interface effect can be achieved, but the cost is high because the different functional layers need to enter an autoclave to be pressurized and cured.
In conclusion, the composite material launching box forming process needs to carry out layering, winding, curing and machining forming for multiple times according to performance requirements of functional layers with different structures, the process is complex and low in forming efficiency, the functional layers with different structures are mainly bonded physically (a small part of chemical links are molecular links which are exposed on the surfaces after processing and are not completely reacted), the interlayer strength is low, and when the composite material launching box bears loads, long-term fatigue and high-temperature scouring, due to the fact that the mechanical properties, expansion coefficients, heat conductivity and the like of different materials are different, interlayer cracking is easily caused only by physical bonding. Autoclave co-curing after laying with prepreg is expensive. The resin formulation of the corresponding zones needs to be designed by different functional requirements to achieve the same effect as the co-curing of the prepreg and to be microscopically interface-free.
Therefore, there is a need for a stealth, ablation and bearing integrated lightweight launch box to meet the stealth requirements of modern military operation storage and transportation launch boxes and to be reusable.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box and a preparation method thereof, wherein a wet layering and winding process is adopted, a resin formula is designed according to different functional requirements, the effects of wet co-curing and microcosmic no interface are achieved, the box is completely prepared from composite materials, the box integrates the performances of bearing capacity, ablation resistance, stealth shielding and the like, and has the advantages of low material cost and low manufacturing cost, so that the stealth requirements of the modern military operation, storage and transportation launching box can be fully met, and the box can be repeatedly utilized.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical means:
a stealth, ablation, bear integration light weight launching box:
the light weight launching box is structurally divided into a guide rail, a guide rail base, a skin and an outer reinforcing frame 4, and the inner cavities of the light weight launching box are uniformly distributed along the cross section of a product from inside to outside; the guide rail bases are arranged between the guide rails and the skin, the number of the guide rail bases is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 degrees; the skin and the outer reinforcing frames are positioned outside the light-weight launching box and are uniformly distributed along the cross section of the product from outside to inside, and the number of the outer reinforcing frames is 3-5;
the light weight launching box is divided into an ablation-resistant layer, a low-density functional gradient area, a stealth shielding layer and a structure bearing layer 4 according to functional design, wherein the ablation-resistant layer is positioned in an inner cavity of the light weight launching box and is uniformly distributed along the cross section of a product; the low-density functional gradient regions are arranged between the ablation-resistant layer and the stealth shielding layer, the number of the low-density functional gradient regions is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 degrees; the structure bearing layer is positioned on the outermost side of the light emission box and is uniformly and inwardly distributed along the cross section of the product; the thickness of the ablation-resistant layer and the thickness of the structural bearing layer are both determined by the electromagnetic simulation calculation result; the stealth shielding layer is positioned between the ablation-resistant layer and the structure bearing layer, the number of layers is 1, and the cross section shape is parallel to the structure bearing layer;
the guide rail, the guide rail base, the skin and the outer reinforcing frame are all of an integral layered structure formed by an ablation resistant layer, a low-density functional gradient area, a stealth shielding layer and a structure bearing layer 4 which are sequentially stacked and connected, and the low-density functional gradient area is positioned in the middle of the guide rail base.
The number of the external reinforcing frames is 4.
The invention relates to a stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box, which has the following technical indexes:
wave absorbing performance: the average values of the C wave band, the X wave band and the Ku wave band are less than or equal to-10 dB;
instantaneous pressure in the launching box is 3.5MPa, and the deformation of the guide rail is less than 1 mm;
thirdly, instantly resisting the temperature of 1200 ℃ and bearing the temperature for 3 s;
fourthly, the material is repeatedly used for more than or equal to 5 times.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box, which comprises the following steps:
1) designing software: according to design requirements, performing electromagnetic simulation calculation by using an integral equation method of CST software, and designing the thickness of each structural functional layer, wherein an ablation-resistant layer is arranged close to the inner cavity of the launching box, and a structural bearing layer is arranged close to the outer side of the launching box; carrying out simulation analysis on the bearing load and the instantaneous temperature resistance of the launching box by using abaqus software, requiring that the temperature transmitted to the stealth shielding layer and the structural bearing layer through the ablation-resistant layer is lower than the glass transition temperature of a resin system under the conditions of bearing load and high-temperature heating of the launching box, simultaneously satisfying that the deformation of a guide rail is less than 1mm, and determining the fiber layering direction and the number of layers of each structure and functional layer according to the calculation results of the two kinds of software;
2) preparation of ablation resistant layer: forming by adopting a vacuum assisted resin dip molding technology (SCRIMP), namely, paving 1-2 layers of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite materials and the rest of glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite materials by using a carbon fiber and glass fiber cloth reinforced phenolic resin composite material and assisting a functional filler to modify phenolic resin to obtain an ablation-resistant layer;
3) preparation of low-density functional gradient region: under actual working conditions, the low-density material is filled in the low-stress area, and the following steps are adopted: filling phenolic resin into hollow glass beads or filling flame-retardant epoxy resin into the hollow glass beads, wherein the mass ratio of the resin to the hollow glass beads is 100: (20-40); or processing polyurethane foam filling according to the shape;
4) preparing a stealth shielding layer: during forming, pre-curing the ablation-resistant layer, taking out the ablation-resistant layer when the surface of the ablation-resistant layer is in a gel state and is not completely cured, naturally cooling, brushing a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin on the surface of the ablation-resistant layer, flatly laying the wave-absorbing film, brushing a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin on the upper surface of the wave-absorbing film, pre-curing the layer until the surface is in a gel state and taking out the layer to naturally cool when the layer is not completely cured, and obtaining the stealth shielding layer;
5) preparing a structural bearing layer: the glass fiber reinforced flame-retardant epoxy resin is formed by adopting a winding process of glass fiber reinforced flame-retardant epoxy resin, and circumferential glass fiber yarns are wound and glass fiber cloth is laid by an interval wet method until the size of a designed product is reached.
In the invention:
the carbon fiber and glass fiber cloth reinforced phenolic resin composite material in the step 2) is supplemented with functional filler modified phenolic resin, so that the requirement of low friction coefficient of the guide rail can be met, the adhesive wear is reduced, and the missile launching instantaneous high temperature can be resisted; wherein, the carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite material is only paved into 1-2 layers, the main purpose is that the carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite material is used as a guide rail material with high friction resistance, and is also used as an internal reflecting surface of the whole electromagnetic shielding structure, and the rest part is glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite material;
the carbon fiber is selected from one or more of T300, T700, T800, T1000, M40 and M55 in any proportion when mixed;
the functional filler is selected from nano-scale graphite powder and nano-scale molybdenum disulfide (MoS) 2 ) Nano-grade aluminium oxide (Al) 2 O 3 ) One or more of nano-scale Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), in any proportion when mixed;
the glass fiber cloth is selected from one of unidirectional cloth, plain cloth, twill cloth, satin cloth and three-dimensional knitting structure;
the fiber layer angle of the carbon fibers and the glass fiber cloth is selected from one or more of 0, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees.
The phenolic resin modified by the functional filler in the step 2) is prepared by diluting a silane coupling agent with 0.2-3.0% of the weight of the functional filler by using an alcohol solution, adding the diluted silane coupling agent into a functional filler high-speed stirrer, fully stirring for 20-40min, raising the temperature to 80-120 ℃, drying, and pouring the dried product into an epoxy resin high-speed stirrer for fully stirring for 20-40 min; the silane coupling agent is selected from one of KH550, KH560 and KH 570; the alcohol solution is selected from methanol solution or ethanol solution with any concentration.
The low-density functional gradient area in the step 3) is used for reducing the whole weight of the launching box and increasing the maneuverability.
The wave absorbing film in the step 4) is one selected from a resistive film, a magnetic film and a frequency selective surface wave absorbing film with periodic patterns designed based on a Jaumann wave absorber.
The preparation of the stealth shielding layer in the step 4) can avoid the phenomena of uneven curing, violent reaction between two systems and the like caused by the extrusion of resin and the mixing of resin of the bearing layer due to the extrusion of the ablation-resistant layer by fiber tension during winding when the bearing layer is subsequently formed, and the whole structure has chemical chain linkage, thereby achieving the purpose of microcosmic non-interface.
The preparation of the structure bearing layer in the step 5) comprises the following specific processes:
(1) preparing flame-retardant epoxy resin according to a proportion, pouring the uniformly mixed flame-retardant epoxy resin into a defoaming tank, standing and defoaming for 60 min;
(2) the pre-cured ablation-resistant layer and the invisible shielding layer are used as a mold, a layer of flame-retardant epoxy resin is coated on the surface of the mold, then the cut glass fiber cloth is laid, the lap joint length of the cut part of the glass fiber cloth is controlled to be more than 30mm, the fiber laying angle is selected from one or more of 0, 30 °, 45 °, 60 ° and 90 °, and simultaneously, a layer of glass fiber yarn is wound around the circumferential direction of the cut part of different layers at the same position; and so on until reaching the design size of the product;
(3) the product is heated and solidified by rotation, and the solidification system is as follows: 80 ℃/30min +100 ℃/2h +130 ℃/2 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the stealth, ablation and bearing integrated composite material launching box obtained by the invention has the advantages that the weight is reduced as much as possible in the structure, and the hot airflow impact during long-term storage, transportation, hoisting and launching can be borne through the design of the reinforcing ribs.
2. The emission box provided by the invention has the advantages that the ablation-resistant layer and the bearing layer are integrally formed in function, the microscopic interface is avoided, and the resin of the ablation-resistant layer is controlled to be longer than the resin gelling time of the bearing layer under the same curing temperature condition through a preferable resin system. Pre-curing the ablation-resistant layer, and taking out the ablation-resistant layer for natural cooling when the surface of the ablation-resistant layer is in a gel state. At the moment, the bearing layer can be formed again, the phenomena of uneven solidification, violent reaction between two systems and the like caused by extrusion of the ablation-resistant layer by fiber tension during winding and mixing of resin extrusion and resin of the bearing layer can be avoided, and the whole structure has chemical chain linkage, so that the purpose of microcosmic non-interface is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall structure diagram of a stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box prepared by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a stealth, ablation, bearing integrated lightweight launch box prepared by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural simulation calculation diagram of the stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box according to the invention.
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the distribution state of the functional layers of the hiding, ablating and bearing integrated light-weight launching box.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the distribution of structural layers of a hiding, ablating and bearing integrated lightweight launch box according to the invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the effect of laying an electromagnetic shielding layer of the light weight launching box with the integration of stealth, ablation and bearing.
In fig. 1 to 6: 1. an ablation-resistant layer; 2. a stealth shield layer; 3. a low density functionally gradient region; 4. a structural load bearing layer; 5. a guide rail; 6. a guide rail base; 7. covering a skin; 8. an outer reinforcing frame.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention thereto.
Example 1:
a stealth, ablation, bear integration light weight launching box, its structure sketch map is as shown in fig. 1-6:
the light weight launching box is structurally divided into 4 parts, namely a guide rail 5, a guide rail base 6, a skin 7 and an external reinforcing frame 8, and the inner cavities of the light weight launching box are uniformly distributed along the cross section of a product from inside to outside; the guide rail bases 6 are arranged between the guide rails 5 and the skins 7, the number of the guide rail bases is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 degrees; the skin 7 and the outer reinforcing frames 8 are positioned on the outer side of the light launching box and are uniformly distributed along the cross section of the product from outside to inside, and the number of the outer reinforcing frames 8 is 3;
the light weight launching box is divided into an ablation-resistant layer 1, a low-density functional gradient area 3, a stealth shielding layer 2, a structure bearing layer 4 and a total 4 part according to functional design, wherein the ablation-resistant layer 1 is positioned in the inner cavity of the light weight launching box and is uniformly distributed along the cross section of a product; the low-density functional gradient regions 3 are arranged between the ablation-resistant layer 1 and the stealth shielding layer 2, the number of the low-density functional gradient regions is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 degrees; the structure bearing layer 4 is positioned at the outermost side of the light emission box and is uniformly and inwards distributed along the cross section of the product; the thicknesses of the ablation-resistant layer 1 and the structural bearing layer 4 are determined by electromagnetic simulation calculation results; the stealth shielding layer 2 is positioned between the ablation resistant layer 1 and the structure bearing layer 4, the number of layers is 1, and the cross section shape is parallel to the structure bearing layer 4;
the guide rail 5, the guide rail base 6, the skin 7 and the outer reinforcing frame 8 are all of an integral layered structure formed by sequentially stacking and connecting an ablation resistant layer 1, a low-density functional gradient area 3, a stealth shielding layer 2 and a structure bearing layer 4, wherein the total 4 parts are all the low-density functional gradient area 3 is positioned in the middle of the guide rail base 6.
The preparation method of the high stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box comprises the following steps:
1) designing software: according to design requirements, performing electromagnetic simulation calculation by using an integral equation method of CST software, and designing the thickness of each structural functional layer, wherein an ablation-resistant layer is arranged close to the inner cavity of the launching box, and a structural bearing layer is arranged close to the outer side of the launching box; carrying out simulation analysis on the bearing load and the instantaneous temperature resistance of the launching box by using abaqus software, requiring that the temperature transmitted to the stealth shielding layer and the structural bearing layer through the ablation-resistant layer is lower than the glass transition temperature of a resin system under the conditions of bearing load and high-temperature heating of the launching box, simultaneously satisfying that the deformation of a guide rail is less than 1mm, and determining the fiber layering direction and the number of layers of each structure and functional layer according to the calculation results of the two kinds of software;
2) preparation of ablation resistant layer: forming by adopting a vacuum assisted resin dip molding technology (SCRIMP), wherein the ablation-resistant layer is obtained by paving 1-2 layers of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite material and glass fiber cloth reinforced phenolic resin composite material and adding functional filler modified phenolic resin as auxiliary materials, and the rest is glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite material;
the carbon fiber is in T300 grade;
the functional filler is nano-scale graphite powder;
the glass fiber cloth is unidirectional cloth;
the fiber layering angle of the carbon fibers and the glass fiber cloth is 30 degrees;
the phenolic resin modified by the functional filler in the step 2) is prepared by diluting KH550 silane coupling agent with 0.2% of the weight of the functional filler with 50% ethanol solution, adding the functional filler into a high-speed stirrer for fully stirring for 20min, raising the temperature to 100 ℃, drying, and pouring the mixture into an epoxy resin high-speed stirrer for fully stirring for 30 min;
3) preparing a low-density functional gradient region: under actual working conditions, the low-density material is filled in the low-stress area, and the following steps are adopted: filling phenolic resin into hollow glass beads or filling flame-retardant epoxy resin into the hollow glass beads, wherein the mass ratio of the resin to the hollow glass beads is 100: 20; or processing polyurethane foam filling according to the shape;
4) preparing a stealth shielding layer: when the invisible shielding layer is formed, the ablation-resistant layer is pre-cured, the invisible shielding layer is taken out when the surface of the ablation-resistant layer is in a gel state and is not completely cured, the invisible shielding layer is obtained by naturally cooling, a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin is brushed on the surface of the ablation-resistant layer, a wave-absorbing film is flatly laid, a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin is brushed on the upper surface of the wave-absorbing film, and the invisible shielding layer is taken out and naturally cooled when the surface of the wave-absorbing film is pre-cured to be in a gel state and is not completely cured;
the wave absorbing film is a resistance film designed based on a Jaumann wave absorber;
5) preparing a structural bearing layer: the glass fiber reinforced flame-retardant epoxy resin winding process is adopted for forming, hoop glass fiber yarns are wound and glass fiber cloth is laid by an interval wet method until the designed product size is reached, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) preparing flame-retardant epoxy resin according to a proportion, pouring the uniformly mixed flame-retardant epoxy resin into a defoaming tank, standing and defoaming for 60 min;
(2) taking the pre-cured ablation-resistant layer and the invisible shielding layer as a mold, coating a layer of flame-retardant epoxy resin on the surface of the mold, then laying cut glass fiber cloth, controlling the lap joint length of the fracture of the glass fiber cloth to be more than 30mm, selecting a fiber laying angle of 30 degrees, and simultaneously winding a layer of glass fiber yarn in the circumferential direction at the same position for the fractures of different layers; and so on until reaching the design size of the product;
(3) the product is heated and solidified by rotation, and the solidification system is as follows: 80 ℃/30min +100 ℃/2h +130 ℃/2 h.
Example 2:
a stealth, ablation, bear integration light weight launching box, its structure sketch map is as shown in fig. 1-6:
the light weight launching box is structurally divided into 4 parts, namely a guide rail 5, a guide rail base 6, a skin 7 and an external reinforcing frame 8, and the inner cavities of the light weight launching box are uniformly distributed along the cross section of a product from inside to outside; the guide rail bases 6 are arranged between the guide rails 5 and the skins 7, the number of the guide rail bases is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 degrees; the skin 7 and the outer reinforcing frames 8 are positioned outside the light launching box and are uniformly distributed along the cross section of the product from outside to inside, and the number of the outer reinforcing frames 8 is 4;
the light weight launching box is divided into an ablation-resistant layer 1, a low-density functional gradient area 3, a stealth shielding layer 2, a structure bearing layer 4 and a total 4 part according to functional design, wherein the ablation-resistant layer 1 is positioned in the inner cavity of the light weight launching box and is uniformly distributed along the cross section of a product; the low-density functional gradient regions 3 are arranged between the ablation-resistant layer 1 and the stealth shielding layer 2, the number of the low-density functional gradient regions is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 degrees; the structural bearing layer 4 is positioned on the outermost side of the light transmitting box and is uniformly and inwards distributed along the cross section of a product; the thicknesses of the ablation-resistant layer 1 and the structural bearing layer 4 are determined by electromagnetic simulation calculation results; the stealth shielding layer 2 is positioned between the ablation resistant layer 1 and the structure bearing layer 4, the number of layers is 1, and the cross section shape is parallel to the structure bearing layer 4;
the guide rail 5, the guide rail base 6, the skin 7 and the outer reinforcing frame 8 are all of an integral layered structure formed by sequentially stacking and connecting an ablation resistant layer 1, a low-density functional gradient area 3, a stealth shielding layer 2 and a structure bearing layer 4, wherein the total 4 parts are all the low-density functional gradient area 3 is positioned in the middle of the guide rail base 6.
The preparation method of the high stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box comprises the following steps:
1) designing software: according to design requirements, performing electromagnetic simulation calculation by using an integral equation method of CST software, and designing the thickness of each structural functional layer, wherein an ablation-resistant layer is close to the inner cavity of the launching box, and a structural bearing layer is close to the outer side of the launching box; carrying out simulation analysis on the bearing load and the instantaneous temperature resistance of the launching box by using abaqus software, requiring that the temperature transmitted to the stealth shielding layer and the structural bearing layer through the ablation-resistant layer is lower than the glass transition temperature of a resin system under the conditions of bearing load and high-temperature heating of the launching box, simultaneously satisfying that the deformation of a guide rail is less than 1mm, and determining the fiber layering direction and the number of layers of each structure and functional layer according to the calculation results of the two kinds of software;
2) preparation of ablation resistant layer: forming by adopting a vacuum assisted resin dip molding technology (SCRIMP), wherein the ablation-resistant layer is obtained by paving 1-2 layers of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite material and glass fiber cloth reinforced phenolic resin composite material and adding functional filler modified phenolic resin as auxiliary materials, and the rest is glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite material;
the carbon fiber is T700 grade;
the functional filler is nano-grade molybdenum disulfide;
the glass fiber cloth is plain cloth;
the fiber layering angles of the carbon fibers and the glass fiber cloth are 0 degree, 30 degree and 45 degree;
the phenolic resin modified by the functional filler in the step 2) is prepared by diluting KH560 silane coupling agent with the weight of 1.5% of that of the functional filler by 80% methanol solution, adding the functional filler into a high-speed stirrer for fully stirring for 30min, raising the temperature to 80 ℃, drying and pouring the mixture into an epoxy resin high-speed stirrer for fully stirring for 40 min;
3) preparing a low-density functional gradient region: under actual working conditions, the low-density material is filled in the low-stress area, and the following steps are adopted: filling phenolic resin into hollow glass beads or filling flame-retardant epoxy resin into the hollow glass beads, wherein the mass ratio of the resin to the hollow glass beads is 100: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas; or processing polyurethane foam filling according to the shape;
4) preparing a stealth shielding layer: when the invisible shielding layer is formed, the ablation-resistant layer is pre-cured, the invisible shielding layer is taken out when the surface of the ablation-resistant layer is in a gel state and is not completely cured, the invisible shielding layer is obtained by naturally cooling, a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin is brushed on the surface of the ablation-resistant layer, a wave-absorbing film is flatly laid, a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin is brushed on the upper surface of the wave-absorbing film, and the invisible shielding layer is taken out and naturally cooled when the surface of the wave-absorbing film is pre-cured to be in a gel state and is not completely cured;
the wave absorbing film is a magnetic film designed based on a Jaumann wave absorber;
5) preparing a structural bearing layer: the glass fiber reinforced flame-retardant epoxy resin winding process is adopted for forming, hoop glass fiber yarns are wound and glass fiber cloth is laid by an interval wet method until the designed product size is reached, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) preparing flame-retardant epoxy resin according to a proportion, pouring the uniformly mixed flame-retardant epoxy resin into a defoaming tank, standing and defoaming for 60 min;
(2) taking the pre-cured ablation-resistant layer and the invisible shielding layer as a mold, coating a layer of flame-retardant epoxy resin on the surface of the pre-cured ablation-resistant layer and the invisible shielding layer, laying cut glass fiber cloth, controlling the lap joint length of the fracture of the glass fiber cloth to be more than 30mm, and controlling the fiber laying angle to be selected from 0 degree, 30 degree and 45 degree, and meanwhile, winding a layer of glass fiber yarn in the circumferential direction at the same position at the fracture of different layers; and so on until reaching the design size of the product;
(3) the product is heated and solidified by rotation, and the solidification system is as follows: 80 ℃/30min +100 ℃/2h +130 ℃/2 h.
Example 3:
a stealth, ablation, bear integration light weight launch box, its schematic structure diagram is shown as fig. 1-6:
the light weight launching box is structurally divided into 4 parts, namely a guide rail 5, a guide rail base 6, a skin 7 and an outer reinforcing frame 8, wherein the inner cavity of the light weight launching box is uniformly distributed from inside to outside along the cross section of a product; the guide rail base 6 is arranged between the guide rail 5 and the skin 7, the number of the guide rail base is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 °; the skin 7 and the outer reinforcing frames 8 are positioned outside the light-weight launch box and are uniformly distributed along the cross section of the product from outside to inside, and the number of the outer reinforcing frames 8 is 5;
the light weight launching box is divided into an ablation-resistant layer 1, a low-density functional gradient area 3, a stealth shielding layer 2 and a structure bearing layer 4 according to functional design, wherein the total 4 parts are arranged, and the ablation-resistant layer 1 is positioned in the inner cavity of the light weight launching box and is uniformly distributed along the cross section of a product; the low-density functional gradient regions 3 are arranged between the ablation-resistant layer 1 and the stealth shielding layer 2, the number of the regions is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 degrees; the structural bearing layer 4 is positioned on the outermost side of the light transmitting box and is uniformly and inwards distributed along the cross section of a product; the thicknesses of the ablation resistant layer 1 and the structure bearing layer 4 are determined by electromagnetic simulation calculation results; the stealth shielding layer 2 is positioned between the ablation resistant layer 1 and the structure bearing layer 4, the number of layers is 1, and the cross section shape is parallel to the structure bearing layer 4;
the guide rail 5, the guide rail base 6, the skin 7 and the outer reinforcing frame 8 are all of an integral layered structure formed by sequentially stacking and connecting an ablation-resistant layer 1, a low-density functional gradient area 3, a stealth shielding layer 2 and a structure bearing layer 4, wherein the total 4 parts are all arranged, and the low-density functional gradient area 3 is positioned in the middle of the guide rail base 6.
The preparation method of the high stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box comprises the following steps:
1) designing software: according to design requirements, performing electromagnetic simulation calculation by using an integral equation method of CST software, and designing the thickness of each structural functional layer, wherein an ablation-resistant layer is arranged close to the inner cavity of the launching box, and a structural bearing layer is arranged close to the outer side of the launching box; carrying out simulation analysis on the bearing load and the instantaneous temperature resistance of the launching box by using abaqus software, requiring that the temperature transmitted to the stealth shielding layer and the structural bearing layer through the ablation-resistant layer is lower than the glass transition temperature of a resin system under the conditions of bearing load and high-temperature heating of the launching box, simultaneously satisfying that the deformation of a guide rail is less than 1mm, and determining the fiber layering direction and the number of layers of each structure and functional layer according to the calculation results of the two kinds of software;
2) preparation of ablation resistant layer: forming by adopting a vacuum assisted resin dip molding technology (SCRIMP), namely, paving 1-2 layers of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite materials and the rest of glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite materials by using a carbon fiber and glass fiber cloth reinforced phenolic resin composite material and assisting a functional filler to modify phenolic resin to obtain an ablation-resistant layer;
the carbon fiber is equal-weight mixture of T1000 grade, M40 grade and M55 grade;
the functional filler is nano graphite powder, nano aluminum oxide and nano polytetrafluoroethylene which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 2;
the glass fiber cloth is twill cloth;
the fiber layer angles of the carbon fibers and the glass fiber cloth are 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees;
the phenolic resin modified by the functional filler in the step 2) is prepared by diluting KH570 silane coupling agent with the weight of 3.0% of that of the functional filler by 90% ethanol solution, adding the diluted agent into a functional filler high-speed stirrer, fully stirring for 40min, raising the temperature to 120 ℃, drying, and pouring the dried agent into an epoxy resin high-speed stirrer for fully stirring for 20 min;
3) preparation of low-density functional gradient region: under actual working conditions, the low-density material is filled in the low-stress area, and the following steps are adopted: filling phenolic resin into hollow glass beads or filling flame-retardant epoxy resin into the hollow glass beads, wherein the mass ratio of the resin to the hollow glass beads is 100: 40; or processing polyurethane foam filling according to the shape;
4) preparing a stealth shielding layer: when the invisible shielding layer is formed, the ablation-resistant layer is pre-cured, the invisible shielding layer is taken out when the surface of the ablation-resistant layer is in a gel state and is not completely cured, the invisible shielding layer is obtained by naturally cooling, a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin is brushed on the surface of the ablation-resistant layer, a wave-absorbing film is flatly laid, a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin is brushed on the upper surface of the wave-absorbing film, and the invisible shielding layer is taken out and naturally cooled when the surface of the wave-absorbing film is pre-cured to be in a gel state and is not completely cured;
the wave absorbing film is a frequency selective surface wave absorbing film with periodic patterns designed based on Jaumann wave absorbers;
5) preparing a structural bearing layer: the glass fiber reinforced flame-retardant epoxy resin winding process is adopted for forming, hoop glass fiber yarns are wound and glass fiber cloth is laid by an interval wet method until the designed product size is reached, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) preparing flame-retardant epoxy resin according to a proportion, pouring the uniformly mixed flame-retardant epoxy resin into a defoaming tank, standing and defoaming for 60 min;
(2) the pre-cured ablation-resistant layer and the invisible shielding layer are used as a mold, a layer of flame-retardant epoxy resin is coated on the surface of the mold, then the cut glass fiber cloth is laid, the lap joint length of the fracture of the glass fiber cloth is controlled to be larger than 30mm, the fiber laying angles are selected from 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees, and meanwhile, a layer of glass fiber yarn is wound around the fracture of different layers in the circumferential direction at the same position; and so on until reaching the design size of the product;
(3) the product is heated and solidified in a rotating way, and the solidification system is as follows: 80 ℃/30min +100 ℃/2h +130 ℃/2 h.
Example 4:
a stealth, ablation, bear integration light weight launching box, its structure sketch map is as shown in fig. 1-6:
the light weight launching box is structurally divided into 4 parts, namely a guide rail 5, a guide rail base 6, a skin 7 and an outer reinforcing frame 8, wherein the inner cavity of the light weight launching box is uniformly distributed from inside to outside along the cross section of a product; the guide rail bases 6 are arranged between the guide rails 5 and the skins 7, the number of the guide rail bases is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 degrees; the skin 7 and the outer reinforcing frames 8 are positioned outside the light launching box and are uniformly distributed along the cross section of the product from outside to inside, and the number of the outer reinforcing frames 8 is 5;
the light weight launching box is divided into an ablation-resistant layer 1, a low-density functional gradient area 3, a stealth shielding layer 2, a structure bearing layer 4 and a total 4 part according to functional design, wherein the ablation-resistant layer 1 is positioned in the inner cavity of the light weight launching box and is uniformly distributed along the cross section of a product; the low-density functional gradient regions 3 are arranged between the ablation-resistant layer 1 and the stealth shielding layer 2, the number of the low-density functional gradient regions is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 degrees; the structural bearing layer 4 is positioned on the outermost side of the light transmitting box and is uniformly and inwards distributed along the cross section of a product; the thicknesses of the ablation resistant layer 1 and the structure bearing layer 4 are determined by electromagnetic simulation calculation results; the stealth shielding layer 2 is positioned between the ablation resistant layer 1 and the structure bearing layer 4, the number of layers is 1, and the cross section shape is parallel to the structure bearing layer 4;
the guide rail 5, the guide rail base 6, the skin 7 and the outer reinforcing frame 8 are all of an integral layered structure formed by sequentially stacking and connecting an ablation resistant layer 1, a low-density functional gradient area 3, a stealth shielding layer 2 and a structure bearing layer 4, wherein the total 4 parts are all the low-density functional gradient area 3 is positioned in the middle of the guide rail base 6.
The preparation method of the high stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box comprises the following steps:
1) designing software: according to design requirements, performing electromagnetic simulation calculation by using an integral equation method of CST software, and designing the thickness of each structural functional layer, wherein an ablation-resistant layer is arranged close to the inner cavity of the launching box, and a structural bearing layer is arranged close to the outer side of the launching box; carrying out simulation analysis on the bearing load and the instantaneous temperature resistance of the launching box by adopting abaqus software, requiring that the temperature transmitted to the stealth shielding layer and the structural bearing layer by the ablation-resistant layer is lower than the glass transition temperature of a resin system under the conditions of bearing load and high-temperature heating of the launching box, and simultaneously meeting the condition that the deformation of a guide rail is less than 1mm, and determining the fiber layering direction and the number of layers of each structure and functional layer according to the calculation results of the two types of software;
2) preparation of ablation resistant layer: forming by adopting a vacuum assisted resin dip molding technology (SCRIMP), namely, paving 1-2 layers of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite materials and the rest of glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite materials by using a carbon fiber and glass fiber cloth reinforced phenolic resin composite material and assisting a functional filler to modify phenolic resin to obtain an ablation-resistant layer;
the carbon fiber is equal-weight mixture of T700 grade, T800 grade and T1000 grade;
the functional filler is nano-molybdenum disulfide, nano-aluminum oxide and nano-polytetrafluoroethylene which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:2: 1;
the glass fiber cloth is in a three-dimensional weaving structure;
the fiber layer angles of the carbon fibers and the glass fiber cloth are 30 degrees, 45 degrees and 60 degrees;
the phenolic resin modified by the functional filler in the step 2) is prepared by diluting a KH570 silane coupling agent accounting for 2.5 percent of the weight of the functional filler with an 80 percent ethanol solution, adding the diluted agent into a functional filler high-speed stirrer, fully stirring for 40min, raising the temperature to 120 ℃, drying, and pouring the dried agent into an epoxy resin high-speed stirrer for fully stirring for 20 min;
3) preparing a low-density functional gradient region: under actual working conditions, the low-density material is filled in the low-stress area, and the following steps are adopted: filling phenolic resin into hollow glass beads or filling flame-retardant epoxy resin into the hollow glass beads, wherein the mass ratio of the resin to the hollow glass beads is 100: 40; or processing polyurethane foam filling according to the shape;
4) preparing a stealth shielding layer: when the invisible shielding layer is formed, the ablation-resistant layer is pre-cured, the invisible shielding layer is taken out when the surface of the ablation-resistant layer is in a gel state and is not completely cured, the invisible shielding layer is obtained by naturally cooling, a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin is brushed on the surface of the ablation-resistant layer, a wave-absorbing film is flatly laid, a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin is brushed on the upper surface of the wave-absorbing film, and the invisible shielding layer is taken out and naturally cooled when the surface of the wave-absorbing film is pre-cured to be in a gel state and is not completely cured;
the wave absorbing film is a frequency selective surface wave absorbing film with periodic patterns designed based on Jaumann wave absorbers;
5) preparing a structural bearing layer: the glass fiber reinforced flame-retardant epoxy resin winding process is adopted for forming, hoop glass fiber yarns are wound and glass fiber cloth is laid by an interval wet method until the designed product size is reached, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) preparing flame-retardant epoxy resin according to a proportion, pouring the uniformly mixed flame-retardant epoxy resin into a defoaming tank, standing and defoaming for 60 min;
(2) taking the pre-cured ablation-resistant layer and the invisible shielding layer as a mold, coating a layer of flame-retardant epoxy resin on the surface of the pre-cured ablation-resistant layer and then laying the cut glass fiber cloth, controlling the lap joint length of the fracture of the glass fiber cloth to be more than 30mm, and controlling the fiber laying angles to be selected from 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees, wherein the fractures of different layers are at the same position and are wound with a layer of glass fiber yarn in a circumferential direction; and so on until reaching the design size of the product;
(3) the product is heated and solidified by rotation, and the solidification system is as follows: 80 ℃/30min +100 ℃/2h +130 ℃/2 h.
The experimental results are as follows:
the light launching box integrating stealth, ablation and bearing has the following technical indexes:
wave absorbing performance: the average values of the C wave band, the X wave band and the Ku wave band are less than or equal to-10 dB;
instantaneous pressure inside the launching box is 3.5MPa, and the deformation of the guide rail is less than 1 mm;
thirdly, the temperature is instantly 1200 ℃ and is endured for 3 s;
fourthly, the material is repeatedly used for more than or equal to 5 times.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a stealthy, ablation, bear light emission case of integration which characterized in that:
the light weight launching box is structurally divided into a guide rail (5), a guide rail base (6), a skin (7) and an outer reinforcing frame (8)4, and the surfaces of inner cavities of the light weight launching box are uniformly distributed along the cross section of a product from inside to outside; the guide rail bases (6) are arranged between the guide rails (5) and the skin (7), the number of the guide rail bases is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 degrees; the skin (7) and the outer reinforcing frames (8) are positioned outside the light launching box and are uniformly distributed along the cross section of the product from outside to inside, and the number of the outer reinforcing frames (8) is 3-5;
the light weight transmitting box is divided into an ablation-resistant layer (1), a low-density functional gradient area (3), a stealth shielding layer (2) and a structure bearing layer (4)4 according to functional design, wherein the ablation-resistant layer (1) is positioned in an inner cavity of the light weight transmitting box and is uniformly distributed along the cross section of a product; the low-density functional gradient regions (3) are arranged between the ablation-resistant layer (1) and the stealth shielding layer (2), the number of the low-density functional gradient regions is 3, and the spatial positions are arranged at 120 degrees; the structure bearing layer (4) is positioned on the outermost side of the light transmitting box and is uniformly and inwards distributed along the cross section of a product; the thicknesses of the ablation-resistant layer (1) and the structure bearing layer (4) are determined by electromagnetic simulation calculation results; the stealth shielding layer (2) is positioned between the ablation resistant layer (1) and the structure bearing layer (4), the number of layers is 1, and the cross section shape is parallel to the structure bearing layer (4);
the guide rail (5), the guide rail base (6), the skin (7) and the outer reinforcing frame (8) are obtained by sequentially stacking and connecting an ablation resistant layer (1), a low-density functional gradient area (3), a stealth shielding layer (2) and a structure bearing layer (4) to form an integral layered structure according to structure division, and the low-density functional gradient area (3) is positioned in the middle of the guide rail base (6) and is positioned in an interlayer between the ablation resistant layer (1) and the stealth shielding layer (2) at the corresponding position of the guide rail base (6).
2. The stealth, ablation, bearing integrated lightweight launch box of claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the external reinforcing frames (8) is 4.
3. The preparation method of the stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box of claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that:
1) designing software: according to design requirements, performing electromagnetic simulation calculation by using an integral equation method of CST software, and designing the thickness of each structural functional layer, wherein an ablation-resistant layer (1) is arranged close to the inner cavity of the launching box, and a structural bearing layer (4) is arranged close to the outer side of the launching box; carrying out simulation analysis on the bearing load and the instantaneous temperature resistance of the launching box by using abaqus software, requiring that the temperature transmitted to the stealth shielding layer (2) and the structure bearing layer (4) by the ablation-resistant layer (1) is lower than the glass transition temperature of a resin system under the conditions of bearing load and high-temperature heating of the launching box, and simultaneously satisfying that the deformation of a guide rail is less than 1mm, and determining the fiber layering direction and the number of layers of each structure and functional layer according to the calculation results of the two kinds of software;
2) preparation of ablation resistant layer (1): forming by adopting a vacuum-assisted resin dip molding technology, wherein a carbon fiber and glass fiber cloth reinforced phenolic resin composite material is used, and a functional filler is used for modifying phenolic resin, the carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite material is only paved by 1-2 layers, and the rest is the glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite material, so that an ablation-resistant layer is obtained;
3) preparation of the low-density functionally gradient region (3): under actual working conditions, the low-density material is filled in the low-stress area, and the following steps are adopted: filling phenolic resin into hollow glass beads or filling flame-retardant epoxy resin into the hollow glass beads, wherein the mass ratio of the resin to the hollow glass beads is 100: (20-40); or processing polyurethane foam filling according to the shape;
4) preparing a stealth shielding layer (2): during forming, pre-curing the ablation-resistant layer (1), taking out the ablation-resistant layer when the surface of the ablation-resistant layer is in a gel state and is not completely cured, naturally cooling, brushing a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin on the surface of the ablation-resistant layer, flatly laying the wave-absorbing film, brushing a layer of phenolic resin or flame-retardant epoxy resin on the upper surface of the wave-absorbing film, pre-curing the wave-absorbing film until the surface is in a gel state and is not completely cured, taking out the wave-absorbing film and naturally cooling to obtain the stealth shielding layer;
5) preparation of the structural bearing layer (4): the glass fiber reinforced flame-retardant epoxy resin is formed by adopting a winding process of glass fiber reinforced flame-retardant epoxy resin, and circumferential glass fiber yarns are wound and glass fiber cloth is laid by an interval wet method until the size of a designed product is reached.
4. The method for preparing the stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the carbon fiber in the step 2) is selected from one or more of T300, T700, T800, T1000, M40 and M55, and is in any proportion when mixed;
the functional filler in the step 2) is selected from one or more of nano-scale graphite powder, nano-scale molybdenum disulfide, nano-scale aluminum oxide and nano-scale polytetrafluoroethylene, and the functional filler is mixed in any proportion;
the glass fiber cloth in the step 2) is selected from one of unidirectional cloth, plain cloth, twill cloth, satin cloth and three-dimensional knitting structure;
the fiber ply angle of the carbon fibers and the glass fiber cloth in the step 2) is selected from one or more of 0, 30 °, 45 °, 60 ° and 90 °.
5. The preparation method of the stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light-weight launch box according to claim 3, characterized in that: the phenolic resin modified by the functional filler in the step 2) is prepared by diluting a silane coupling agent with 0.2-3.0% of the weight of the functional filler by using an alcohol solution, adding the diluted silane coupling agent into a functional filler high-speed stirrer, fully stirring for 20-40min, raising the temperature to 80-120 ℃, drying, and pouring the dried product into an epoxy resin high-speed stirrer for fully stirring for 20-40 min; the silane coupling agent is selected from one of KH550, KH560 and KH 570; the alcohol solution is selected from methanol solution or ethanol solution with any concentration.
6. The method for preparing the stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light launching box according to claim 3, characterized in that: the wave absorbing film in the step 4) is one selected from a resistive film, a magnetic film and a frequency selective surface wave absorbing film with periodic patterns designed based on Jaumann wave absorbers.
7. The preparation method of the stealth, ablation and bearing integrated light-weight launch box according to claim 3, characterized in that: the preparation of the structure bearing layer in the step 5) comprises the following specific processes:
(1) preparing flame-retardant epoxy resin according to a proportion, pouring the uniformly mixed flame-retardant epoxy resin into a defoaming tank, standing and defoaming for 60 min;
(2) the pre-cured ablation-resistant layer and the invisible shielding layer are used as a mold, a layer of flame-retardant epoxy resin is coated on the surface of the mold, then the cut glass fiber cloth is laid, the lap joint length of the cut part of the glass fiber cloth is controlled to be more than 30mm, the fiber laying angle is selected from one or more of 0, 30 °, 45 °, 60 ° and 90 °, and simultaneously, a layer of glass fiber yarn is wound around the circumferential direction of the cut part of different layers at the same position; and so on until reaching the design size of the product;
(3) the product is heated and solidified by rotation, and the solidification system is as follows: 80 ℃/30min +100 ℃/2h +130 ℃/2 h.
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