CN112780658A - Spring washer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a spring washer, which comprises a split ring with a longitudinal notch, wherein a plurality of circles of groove groups which are distributed at intervals are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the split ring from the inner circle to the outer circle of the split ring, and each circle of groove group comprises a plurality of grooves which are distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction. A first preset distance is reserved between the groove group positioned on the inner ring and the edge of the inner ring of the split ring, and a second preset distance is reserved between the groove group positioned on the outer ring and the edge of the outer ring of the split ring. The spring washer can effectively reduce the stress concentration phenomenon and reduce the probability of cracks in the use process of the spring washer.

Description

Spring washer

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of rail transit vehicles, in particular to a spring washer.

Background

The spring washer is usually placed between the bolt head or the nut and the connected piece, has the function of increasing the pretightening force, and is mainly used for preventing the bolt or the nut from loosening in the using process. As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the spring washer commonly used for rail transit vehicles is an open ring 011 having a plurality of regularly arranged pits 012 on the upper and lower surfaces thereof, and the pits 012 can improve the friction force with a contact element, thereby improving the anti-loosening effect of the spring washer 01. The product is widely applied to the field of rail transit vehicles, is particularly used on a brake clamp unit in a large quantity, and is used for preventing the looseness of a bolt for connecting a lever of the clamp unit and a brake cylinder. The spring washer 01 assumes a warped shape in a free state, is compressed into a flat state during operation, and generates a large stress in the compressed washer structure. As shown in fig. 4, the spring washer 01 is pressed flat by the bolt 02, the bolt 02 is connected with the fastened piece 03, so that the fastened piece 03 is connected with the connecting piece 04, and the spring washer 01 plays a role in pre-tightening and anti-loosening.

However, the position of the dimples 012 on the surface of the spring washer 01 covers the inner and outer edges of the product, i.e. the dimples 012 on the inner ring intersect with the edge of the inner ring of the open ring 011, and the dimples 012 on the outer ring intersect with the edge of the outer ring of the open ring 011. At the edge position, stress concentration easily occurs to the part, and the arrangement of the dimples 012 increases the degree of stress concentration, so that the part is easily cracked.

In addition, the cross section of the pits 012 on the surface of the spring washer 01 in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the split ring 011 is rhombic, the groove bottom is also sharp-angled 013, a plurality of sharp-angled 013 and sharp edges exist at the whole pits 012, the microstructure presents a sharp-angled state, and the structure causes initial cracks to easily appear, and the cracks are easily expanded under the action of stress to generate macrocracks.

Therefore, the spring washer in the prior art often has initial cracks, stress concentration is easy to occur, cracks are easy to occur in the spring washer in the application process, and the anti-loosening effect and the service life of the spring washer are influenced.

Therefore, the inventor provides a spring washer by virtue of experience and practice of related industries for many years, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a spring washer which can effectively reduce the stress concentration phenomenon and reduce the probability of cracks in the use process of the spring washer.

The object of the invention is achieved in that a spring washer comprises a split ring with a longitudinal slit; a plurality of circles of groove groups which are arranged at intervals are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the split ring from the inner circle to the outer circle of the split ring, and each circle of groove group comprises a plurality of grooves which are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction; a first preset distance is reserved between the groove group positioned on the inner ring and the edge of the inner ring of the split ring, and a second preset distance is reserved between the groove group positioned on the outer ring and the edge of the outer ring of the split ring.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first predetermined distance is 0.2 to 0.5 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second predetermined distance is 0.2 to 0.5 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the groove perpendicular to the axis of the split ring is a rhombus, and each corner position of the rhombus is a transition arc.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the radius of the transition arc is 0.2-0.4 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the groove is circular in cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the split ring.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the groove is elliptical in cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the split ring.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the groove is a transition arc surface.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the radius of the transition arc surface is 0.2-0.4 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross-sectional dimension of the groove in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the split ring is gradually reduced from the notch toward the groove bottom.

From the above, according to the spring washer disclosed by the invention, the position range of the groove part on the split ring is controlled by optimizing the positioning tool, so that the groove is prevented from being arranged at the edge parts of the inner ring and the outer ring of the split ring, and the existence of stress concentration is effectively reduced. The probability of cracks appearing in the using process of the spring washer can be greatly reduced, and the overall reliability of the suspension part of the rail transit vehicle, particularly the clamp unit, is improved; meanwhile, the replacement work of field maintenance personnel on the spring washer can be greatly reduced, and the train maintenance cost is reduced.

Drawings

The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:

FIG. 1: the structure of the spring washer in the prior art is schematically shown.

FIG. 2: schematic representation of the cross section of the pits in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the split ring in the prior art.

FIG. 3: a close up of the pits in the prior art.

FIG. 4: the prior art is a schematic structural diagram of a spring washer matched with a bolt, a fastened piece and a connecting piece.

FIG. 5: the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a spring washer.

FIG. 6: the grooves provided for the invention are schematic in section perpendicular to the axis of the split ring.

FIG. 7: the invention provides a partial enlarged view of the groove.

The reference numbers illustrate:

the prior art is as follows:

01. a spring washer; 011. a split ring; 012. a pit; 013. sharp corners;

02. a bolt; 03. a fastened piece; 04. a connecting member.

The invention comprises the following steps:

1. a split ring;

2. a longitudinal cut;

3. a groove; 31. a transition arc; 32. a transition cambered surface.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 5 to 7, the present embodiment provides a spring washer, which includes an open ring 1 having a longitudinal slit 2, a plurality of groove groups arranged at intervals are disposed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the open ring 1 from the inner ring to the outer ring thereof, and each groove group includes a plurality of grooves 3 arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction. A first preset distance a is reserved between the groove group positioned on the inner ring and the edge of the inner ring of the split ring 1, and a second preset distance b is reserved between the groove group positioned on the outer ring and the edge of the outer ring of the split ring 1.

The spring washer is mainly suitable for rail transit vehicles, and the number of the turns of the groove groups and the number of the grooves 3 contained in each groove group are determined according to requirements. In this embodiment, by increasing the positioning manner in the machining process, the distances between the groove 3 of the inner ring and the outer ring and the inner edge and the outer edge of the split ring 1 are respectively the first preset distance a and the second preset distance b, so that the case that the stress concentration effect is obvious due to the intersection of the groove 3 and the inner edge and the outer edge of the split ring 1 is prevented. The specific positioning method and the processing process are the prior art and are not described herein again.

Therefore, the spring washer in the embodiment controls the position range of the groove 3 part on the split ring 1 by optimizing the positioning tool, avoids the groove 3 existing at the edge parts of the inner ring and the outer ring of the split ring 1, and effectively reduces the existence of stress concentration. The probability of cracks appearing in the using process of the spring washer can be greatly reduced, and the overall reliability of the suspension part of the rail transit vehicle, particularly the clamp unit, is improved; meanwhile, the replacement work of field maintenance personnel on the spring washer can be greatly reduced, and the train maintenance cost is reduced.

Generally, the first preset distance a and the second preset distance b are both 0.2-0.5 mm, and the specific size is determined according to actual needs.

Further, in the present embodiment, in order to avoid the occurrence of the initial crack, the microscopic shape of the groove 3 of the split ring 1 is modified as follows:

(1) for the cross-sectional shape of the groove 3 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the split ring 1: as shown in fig. 6, the section of the groove 3 in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the split ring 1 is a rhombus, and each corner position of the rhombus is a transition circular arc 31. The radius of the transition arc 31 is preferably 0.2-0.4 mm.

Alternatively, the cross-section of the groove 3 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the split ring 1 is circular or elliptical.

Of course, the cross section of the groove 3 in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the split ring 1 may also have other shapes, as long as it is ensured that no sharp corner exists, all the shapes are circular arc transitions, and this embodiment is only an example.

(2) For the groove bottom shape of the groove 3: as shown in fig. 7, the bottom of the groove 3 is a transition arc surface 32. The radius of the transition cambered surface 32 is preferably 0.2-0.4 mm.

Therefore, the edges and corners of the groove 3 are in arc transition, and the existing micro sharp structure of the pit is avoided, so that initial cracks are avoided, and stress concentration is effectively weakened. During processing, the shape of the mould for pressing the groove 3 can be modified, the micro-sharp angle state of the existing pit is modified into a relatively smooth transition form, the smooth transition exists in all the original edges and sharp angles of the existing pit, and the initial crack does not exist in the groove 3 after being detected.

Further, in order to facilitate the processing of the groove 3, as shown in fig. 7, the sectional dimension of the groove 3 in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the split ring 1 is gradually reduced from the notch to the groove bottom to form a tapered structure, and the specific structural process is the prior art.

In summary, the spring washer in the embodiment ensures that the groove 3 has a distance from the inner edge and the outer edge of the split ring 1 and does not intersect with the inner edge and the outer edge of the split ring 1; meanwhile, the groove 3 is in a smooth transition shape, a microscopic sharp structure does not exist, initial cracks of the spring washer can be effectively removed, stress concentration can be effectively reduced, the probability of cracks of the spring washer in the using process is effectively reduced, and the anti-loosening effect and the service life of the spring washer are guaranteed.

The above are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A spring washer comprising a split ring having a longitudinal slit;

a plurality of circles of groove groups which are arranged at intervals are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the split ring from the inner circle to the outer circle of the split ring, and each circle of groove group comprises a plurality of grooves which are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction;

a first preset distance is reserved between the groove group positioned on the inner ring and the edge of the inner ring of the split ring, and a second preset distance is reserved between the groove group positioned on the outer ring and the edge of the outer ring of the split ring.

2. The spring washer according to claim 1,

the first preset distance is 0.2-0.5 mm.

3. The spring washer according to claim 1,

the second preset distance is 0.2-0.5 mm.

4. The spring washer according to claim 1,

the section of the groove in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the split ring is in a diamond shape, and the corner positions of the diamond shape are transition arcs.

5. The spring washer according to claim 4,

the radius of the transition arc is 0.2-0.4 mm.

6. The spring washer according to claim 1,

the cross section of the groove in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the split ring is circular.

7. The spring washer according to claim 1,

the section of the groove in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the split ring is oval.

8. The spring washer according to any of claims 4 to 7,

the groove bottom of the groove is a transition cambered surface.

9. The spring washer according to claim 8,

the radius of the transition cambered surface is 0.2-0.4 mm.

10. The spring washer according to claim 1,

the sectional dimension of the groove in the direction vertical to the axis of the split ring is gradually reduced from the notch to the groove bottom.

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