CN112780418B - Shock wave focus exploder with microscale detonation wave attenuation - Google Patents
Shock wave focus exploder with microscale detonation wave attenuation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112780418B CN112780418B CN202011435485.9A CN202011435485A CN112780418B CN 112780418 B CN112780418 B CN 112780418B CN 202011435485 A CN202011435485 A CN 202011435485A CN 112780418 B CN112780418 B CN 112780418B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
- F02C7/264—Ignition
- F02C7/266—Electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K7/00—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
- F02K7/02—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof the jet being intermittent, i.e. pulse-jet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R7/00—Intermittent or explosive combustion chambers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microscale detonation wave attenuation shock wave focusing exploder, wherein the exploder comprises: fill head, microscale detonation chamber, detonation wave reinforcing ring chamber, detonation wave attenuation ring chamber, shock wave focus detonation chamber, detonation wave reinforcing ring chamber seat, microscale detonation chamber wall, focus cavity body, detonation wave attenuation ring chamber shell body, detonation chamber extension casing, mutual impact formula fuel nozzle and oxidant spout, with the first pipeline of filling that mutual impact formula fuel nozzle connects and with the second pipeline of filling that the oxidant spout is connected. The microscale detonation wave attenuation shock wave focusing exploder disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and long in service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of detonation combustion, and particularly relates to a microscale detonation wave attenuation shock wave focusing exploder.
Background
The detonation engine is a novel propulsion system which utilizes the quasi-constant-volume detonation combustion to replace the isobaric slow combustion of the traditional engine, and has the advantages of high thermal cycle efficiency, relatively simple structure, high thrust-weight ratio and the like. Because the energy requirement of direct detonation is high, the ignition and detonation methods applied to pulse detonation engines or rotary detonation engines at present mainly comprise three types: the first method utilizes high-energy explosive chemical agents to realize direct detonation initiation, is convenient to use, is mostly used for single initiation, and has high use cost. In the second method, combustion-to-detonation initiation is realized by using a turbulence enhancement device, the method usually needs enough combustion-to-detonation distance, and the service life of the turbulence device is influenced by the high-temperature and high-pressure impact of detonation waves. The third method is shock wave focusing flame focusing core initiation, which utilizes a focusing configuration to realize flame focusing core initiation, optimizes the initiation distance of the initiation device, but the requirements of successful initiation on the activity of the filler are higher than those of the second method. Therefore, how to realize the initiation device with a relatively simple system and a longer structural life through innovative structural design is a power for driving further development of the initiation technology.
The shock wave focusing initiation utilizes the complex wave system function of the shock wave in the convergence concave cavity to strengthen the intensity of the incident shock wave, thereby forming a high-temperature high-pressure hot spot near the vertex of the convergence concave cavity and inducing the premixed filling mixture to directly initiate, and the method is a classic method of focusing initiation. However, existing shock focusing detonators rely on incident shock waves generated by high pressure shock tubes, supersonic jets, high energy detonators, and the like. The high-pressure shock tube is not suitable for engineering application of the detonation engine due to the relatively complex structure. The supersonic jet is limited by the jet intensity of shock wave focusing detonation, and the working range of the detonation engine is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the micro-scale detonation wave attenuation shock wave generator can be applied to a shock wave focusing and detonating system and has the advantages of simple structure and longer service life.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a micro-scale detonation wave attenuation shock wave focusing initiator, wherein the initiator comprises: the device comprises a filling head, a microscale detonation cavity, a detonation wave enhancement annular cavity, a detonation wave attenuation annular cavity, a shock wave focusing detonation chamber, a detonation wave enhancement annular cavity seat, a microscale detonation cavity wall, a focusing cavity body, a detonation wave attenuation annular cavity outer shell, a detonation chamber extension shell, a mutual impact type fuel nozzle, an oxidant nozzle, a first filling pipeline connected with the mutual impact type fuel nozzle and a second filling pipeline connected with the oxidant nozzle;
the micro-scale detonation cavity is defined by the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity seat and the micro-scale detonation cavity wall, the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity is defined by the outer shell and the inner shell of the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity seat, and the outer shell and the inner shell are connected and fixed through four sections of hollow ribs;
the outlet hole of the filling head is communicated with the center of the micro-scale detonation cavity and is used for filling combustible premixed gas into the micro-scale detonation cavity; the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity is communicated with the microscale detonation cavity;
the focusing concave cavity body, the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity outer shell and the detonation chamber extension shell are enclosed to form the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity; the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity is communicated with the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity;
the shock wave focusing detonation chamber is communicated with the mutual-impacting fuel nozzle and the oxidant nozzle on the focusing concave cavity body, and the first filling pipeline and the second filling pipeline are connected with a medium system supply pipeline through hollow ribs of the detonation wave reinforcing annular cavity base.
Optionally, a spark plug interface and a gas filling interface are arranged on the filling head;
the spark plug interface is used for installing an electric spark plug, and the gas filling interface is used for filling premixed gas.
Optionally, the microscale detonation cavity is a cylindrical cavity, and the height of the cylindrical cavity is 1.5 mm.
Optionally, the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity is filled with combustible premixed gas through overflow of the microscale detonation cavity.
Optionally, the filling factor of the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity is Vz/(Vz + Vs);
wherein Vz is the volume of the overflow premixed gas of the microscale detonation cavity under the standard atmospheric pressure, and Vs is the volume of the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity.
Optionally, the filling factor ranges from 0.5 to 0.6.
Optionally, the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity is not filled with combustible mixed gas, and the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity is used for naturally attenuating the micro-scale detonation wave.
Optionally, when the initiator is started, gas fuel and an oxidant are premixed and then enter the filling cavity of the filling head through the gas filling interface, the premixed gas overflows and fills the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity through the annular outlet of the microscale detonation cavity, and after filling is completed, a spark plug supplies power for ignition;
the spark plug ignites the premixed gas in the filling cavity of the filling head, the combustion flame is spread to the center of the micro-scale detonation cavity, and the flame is accelerated in the micro-scale detonation cavity along the radial direction to form a detonation wave; the detonation wave enters the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity through the annular outlet of the microscale detonation cavity, and reacts with the outer wall surface of the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity to induce the combustible mixed gas filled in the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity in an overflowing manner to form detonation waves propagating along the axial direction of the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity; and the detonation wave is propagated to the outlet of the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity and then enters the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity, the detonation wave attenuation shock wave formed after natural attenuation enters the shock wave focusing detonation chamber along the annular inlet of the shock wave focusing detonation chamber as the incident shock wave of shock wave focusing detonation, and the shock wave focusing detonation is focused and detonated in the focusing vertex region of the shock wave focusing detonation chamber.
The microscale detonation wave attenuation shock wave focusing exploder provided by the embodiment of the application is based on the microscale detonation principle, utilizes the microscale detonation cavity to form detonation waves, and forms incident shock waves meeting shock wave focusing detonation conditions by strengthening and attenuating the detonation waves first, so that on one hand, shock waves can be avoided; in the second aspect, ignition of a low-energy spark plug can be realized, a turbulence device is not needed, and the service life of the device can be prolonged; in the third aspect, because the radial uniformity of the microscale detonation wave is better, compared with the annular detonation wave formed by the multipoint ignition method, the wave front is more uniform, and the structure is more compact.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view and a cross-sectional view of a microscale detonation wave-attenuating shock wave focusing initiator of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a carbon dioxide component and pressure cloud diagram of a corresponding flow field in different detonation modes according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a front view and a cross-sectional view of a microscale detonation wave-attenuating shock wave focusing initiator provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the micro-scale detonation wave attenuating shock wave focusing initiator of the present invention comprises: a filling head 6, a micro-scale detonation cavity 9, a detonation wave enhancement annular cavity 10, a detonation wave attenuation annular cavity 11 and a shock wave focusing detonation chamber 13, namely the basic form of the invention. The detonation wave attenuation ring cavity comprises a detonation wave enhancement ring cavity seat 2, a microscale detonation cavity wall 1, a hollow rib 17, a focusing cavity body 4, a detonation wave attenuation ring cavity outer shell 3, a detonation chamber extension shell 5, a mutual impact type fuel nozzle 14, an oxidant nozzle 15, a first filling pipeline 18 connected with the mutual impact type fuel nozzle 14, and a second filling pipeline 19 connected with the oxidant nozzle 15.
As shown in fig. 1, the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity base 2 and the microscale detonation cavity wall 1 enclose the microscale detonation cavity 9, and more specifically, the microscale detonation cavity 9 is a cavity formed by using one end surface of the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity base 2 as a bottom surface and the microscale detonation cavity wall 1. The detonation wave reinforcing ring cavity 10 is formed by surrounding an outer shell and an inner shell of the detonation wave reinforcing ring cavity seat 2, and the outer shell and the inner shell are fixedly connected through four sections of hollow ribs 17. The outlet hole of the filling head 6 communicates with the centre of the micro-scale detonation chamber 9 for filling the micro-scale detonation chamber 9 with combustible premixed gas.
The detonation wave enhancement annular cavity 10 is communicated with the microscale detonation cavity 9, and combustible premixed gas is filled through overflow of the microscale detonation cavity 9 to enhance microscale detonation waves. As shown in fig. 1, the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity 11 is an annular cavity defined by an outer cylindrical surface of the focusing cavity body 4, the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity outer shell 3 and the detonation chamber extension shell 5. The detonation wave attenuation ring cavity 11 is communicated with the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity 10. The detonation wave attenuation ring cavity 11 is not filled with combustible mixed gas and is used for naturally attenuating the micro-scale detonation wave.
As shown in fig. 1, the shock wave focusing detonation chamber 13 is communicated with the mutual-striking fuel nozzle 14 and the oxidant nozzle 15 on the focusing cavity body 4, and the first filling pipeline 18 and the second filling pipeline 19 are connected with the medium system supply pipeline through the hollow rib 17 of the detonation wave enhancing annular cavity base 2. The shock wave focusing detonation chamber 13 is filled with combustible mixture through the mutual-striking fuel jet hole 14 and the oxidant jet hole 15 on the focusing concave cavity body 4, and a first filling pipeline 18 and a second filling pipeline 19 of the jet holes are connected with a medium system supply pipeline through a hollow rib 17 of the detonation wave enhancing annular cavity base 2.
Optionally, a spark plug interface 7 and a gas filling interface 8 are arranged on the filling head 6; the spark plug interface 7 is used for installing an electric spark plug, and the gas filling interface 8 is used for filling premixed gas.
Optionally, the microscale detonation cavity 9 is a cylindrical cavity, and the height of the cylindrical cavity is 1.5 mm.
Optionally, the filling factor of the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity 10 is Vz/(Vz + Vs);
wherein Vz is the volume of the overflow premixed gas of the microscale detonation cavity 9 under the standard atmospheric pressure, and Vs is the volume of the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity 11.
Optionally, the value range of the filling coefficient is 0.5-0.6.
As shown in fig. 1, when the initiator is started, gas fuel and oxidant are premixed and then enter the filling cavity of the filling head 6 through the gas filling interface 8, the premixed gas overflows and fills the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity 10 through the annular outlet of the microscale detonation cavity 9, and after filling is completed, a spark plug supplies power for ignition;
the spark plug ignites the premixed gas in the filling cavity of the filling head part 6, the combustion flame is spread to the center of the micro-scale detonation cavity 9, and the flame is accelerated in the micro-scale detonation cavity 9 along the radial direction to form a detonation wave; the detonation wave enters the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity 10 through the annular outlet of the microscale detonation cavity 9, and reacts with the outer wall surface of the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity 10 to induce the combustible mixed gas filled in the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity in an overflowing manner to form the detonation wave propagating along the axial direction of the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity; the detonation wave propagates to the outlet of the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity 10 and then enters the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity 11, the detonation wave attenuation shock wave formed after natural attenuation enters the shock wave focusing detonation chamber 13 as the incident shock wave of shock wave focusing detonation along the annular inlet 12 of the shock wave focusing detonation chamber 13, and the shock wave focusing detonation is focused in the focusing vertex area of the shock wave focusing detonation chamber 13.
In actual use, the shock wave focusing and knocking chamber 13 is first filled with fuel and oxidant at a preset ratio through the first filling pipe 18 and the second filling pipe 19 via the reciprocal-striking fuel injection hole 14 and the oxidant injection hole 15, wherein the filling amount is that the volume of the mixture at the standard atmospheric pressure is equal to the volume of the shock wave focusing and knocking chamber 13. Meanwhile, the gas fuel and the oxidant are premixed and then enter the filling cavity of the filling head 6 through the filling interface 8, and the microscale detonation cavity 9 is filled through the outlet of the filling head 6. During filling, the premixed gas overflows and fills the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity 10 through an annular outlet of the microscale detonation cavity 9. And stopping filling when the filling coefficient reaches a set value. At the same time, the spark plug is powered to ignite. Then, the spark plug ignites the premixed gas in the filling cavity of the filling head 6, the combustion flame is spread to the center of the micro-scale detonation cavity 9, and the flame is accelerated in the micro-scale detonation cavity 9 along the radial direction and forms a detonation wave (1-2 MPa) with certain intensity. The detonation wave enters the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity 10 through the annular outlet of the microscale detonation cavity 9, and reacts with the outer wall surface of the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity 10 to induce the combustible mixed gas filled in the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity to form the detonation wave propagating along the axial direction of the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity. The detonation wave propagates to the outlet of the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity 10 and then enters the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity 11, the detonation wave attenuation shock wave formed after natural attenuation enters the shock wave focusing detonation chamber 13 as the incident shock wave of shock wave focusing detonation along the annular inlet 12 of the shock wave focusing detonation chamber 13, and then focusing detonation is realized in the focusing vertex region of the shock wave focusing detonation chamber 13.
Fig. 2 is a carbon dioxide component and pressure cloud diagram of a flow field corresponding to different initiation modes under the conditions of a filling factor of 0.5 and a filling factor of 0.7. Research shows that when the filling factor is larger than 0.7, a small amount of detonation gas enters the focusing detonation combustor 13 from the annular inlet 12 along with the attenuation shock wave, and detonation combustion occurs in the focusing detonation combustor 13 before the attenuation shock wave reaches the focusing peak. Therefore, in order to ensure that focusing detonation is stably realized in a focusing vertex region, the filling coefficient takes a value of 0.5-0.6.
The microscale detonation wave attenuation shock wave focusing exploder provided by the embodiment of the application is based on the microscale detonation principle, utilizes the microscale detonation cavity to form detonation waves, and forms incident shock waves meeting shock wave focusing detonation conditions by strengthening and attenuating the detonation waves first, so that on one hand, shock waves can be avoided; in the second aspect, ignition of a low-energy spark plug can be realized, a turbulence device is not needed, and the service life of the device can be prolonged; in the third aspect, because the radial uniformity of the microscale detonation wave is better, compared with the annular detonation wave formed by the multipoint ignition method, the wave front is more uniform, and the structure is more compact.
It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical idea of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The above description is only for the best mode of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the details of the invention not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of those in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A microscale detonation wave-attenuating shock wave focusing initiator, the initiator comprising: the device comprises a filling head, a microscale detonation cavity, a detonation wave enhancement annular cavity, a detonation wave attenuation annular cavity, a shock wave focusing detonation chamber, a detonation wave enhancement annular cavity seat, a microscale detonation cavity wall, a focusing cavity body, a detonation wave attenuation annular cavity outer shell, a detonation chamber extension shell, a mutual impact type fuel nozzle, an oxidant nozzle, a first filling pipeline connected with the mutual impact type fuel nozzle and a second filling pipeline connected with the oxidant nozzle;
the micro-scale detonation cavity is defined by the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity seat and the micro-scale detonation cavity wall, the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity is defined by the outer shell and the inner shell of the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity seat, and the outer shell and the inner shell are connected and fixed through four sections of hollow ribs;
the outlet hole of the filling head is communicated with the center of the micro-scale detonation cavity and is used for filling combustible premixed gas into the micro-scale detonation cavity; the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity is communicated with the microscale detonation cavity;
the focusing concave cavity body, the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity outer shell and the detonation chamber extension shell are enclosed to form the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity; the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity is communicated with the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity;
the shock wave focusing detonation chamber is communicated with the mutual-impacting fuel nozzle and the oxidant nozzle on the focusing concave cavity body, and the first filling pipeline and the second filling pipeline are connected with a medium system supply pipeline through hollow ribs of the detonation wave reinforcing annular cavity base.
2. The initiator according to claim 1, wherein a spark plug interface and a gas fill interface are provided on the fill head;
the spark plug interface is used for installing an electric spark plug, and the gas filling interface is used for filling premixed gas.
3. The initiator of claim 1, wherein the microscale detonation chamber is a cylindrical cavity having a height of 1.5 mm.
4. The initiator according to claim 1, wherein the detonation wave-intensifying annulus is filled with combustible premix gas by overflow of a micro-scale detonation chamber.
5. The initiator according to claim 1, wherein the detonation wave attenuating annulus is not filled with a combustible mixture and is configured to naturally attenuate micro-scale detonation waves.
6. The initiator according to claim 2, wherein:
when the detonator is started, gas fuel and an oxidant are premixed and then enter the filling cavity of the filling head through the gas filling interface, the premixed gas overflows and fills the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity through the annular outlet of the microscale detonation cavity, and after filling is finished, a spark plug supplies power for ignition;
the spark plug ignites the premixed gas in the filling cavity of the filling head, the combustion flame is spread to the center of the micro-scale detonation cavity, and the flame is accelerated in the micro-scale detonation cavity along the radial direction to form a detonation wave; the detonation wave enters the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity through the annular outlet of the microscale detonation cavity, and reacts with the outer wall surface of the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity to induce the combustible mixed gas filled in the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity in an overflowing manner to form detonation waves propagating along the axial direction of the detonation wave enhancement annular cavity; and the detonation wave is propagated to the outlet of the detonation wave enhancement ring cavity and then enters the detonation wave attenuation ring cavity, the detonation wave attenuation shock wave formed after natural attenuation enters the shock wave focusing detonation chamber along the annular inlet of the shock wave focusing detonation chamber as the incident shock wave of shock wave focusing detonation, and the shock wave focusing detonation is focused and detonated in the focusing vertex region of the shock wave focusing detonation chamber.
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