CN112775447B - Self-balancing electric spindle with automatic pre-tightening function - Google Patents
Self-balancing electric spindle with automatic pre-tightening function Download PDFInfo
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- CN112775447B CN112775447B CN202110008818.8A CN202110008818A CN112775447B CN 112775447 B CN112775447 B CN 112775447B CN 202110008818 A CN202110008818 A CN 202110008818A CN 112775447 B CN112775447 B CN 112775447B
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- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000020347 spindle assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a self-balancing electric spindle with automatic pre-tightening, which consists of a spindle assembly, a shell assembly, an upper balance head assembly, a disc spring, a lower balance head assembly, a bearing pre-tightening force automatic adjustment and bearing assembly, a cooling water system and a bearing lubrication system; the electric spindle is overheated and shakes along with the running time, the load size, the cooling strength, the bearing abrasion and the change of the lubrication state, thereby affecting the machining precision and the product quality of mechanical equipment; the invention adopts the vibration sensor, the temperature sensor, the bearing pretightening force automatic regulating mechanism, the upper balance head component, the lower balance head component, the spiral cable, the automatic controller, the cooling water system and the bearing lubricating system to cooperatively track and monitor the overheat state and the loosening state generated by the transmission component, automatically regulate the bearing pretightening force and the lubricating state, prolong the service life of the electric spindle, avoid the maintenance failure caused by stopping the operation of equipment, and improve the quality and the productivity of products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool motorized spindles, and particularly relates to a self-balancing motorized spindle with automatic pre-tightening.
Background
The electric spindle is a new technology for integrating the machine tool spindle and the spindle motor, and more high-speed machine tools in recent years adopt the electric spindle to fully play the advantages of compact structure, light weight, small inertia, low noise, quick response, high rotating speed, high power and the like.
The machining precision of the machine tool directly determines the machining quality of the part, so that the running precision of the electric spindle is required to be ensured to ensure the machining quality of the part; the mass unbalance of the electric spindle is one of the most common faults, and currently, the dynamic balance technology is mostly adopted to solve the mass unbalance vibration problem of the electric spindle; the operation precision of the electric spindle is reduced due to the fact that the operation precision of the electric spindle is reduced when the operation temperature of the electric spindle is increased for a long time, so that the machining precision of a machine tool is reduced, the traditional adjusting pretightening force is usually adjusted only by a spring and is required to be stopped, overhauled and adjusted, the machining quality is influenced, the machining progress is also influenced, and the productivity is reduced; in summary, how to use the mode of automatically adjusting the pretightening force to ensure the normal operation of the electric spindle when the bearing of the electric spindle is deformed is a key problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
A self-balancing electric spindle with automatic pre-tightening function comprises a spindle assembly, a shell assembly, an upper balance head assembly, a disc spring, a lower balance head assembly, an automatic bearing pre-tightening force adjusting mechanism, a bearing assembly, an automatic balancing device, a cooling water system and a bearing lubricating system; the main shaft assembly comprises a main shaft, a first angular contact bearing, a second angular contact bearing, a bearing inner oil retainer, a bearing lubricating sleeve, an upper end cover, an adapter sleeve, a bearing outer oil retainer, a rotor coil and a rotor fixing nut; the method comprises the steps that a first angular contact bearing and a second angular contact bearing are mounted on a boss of a main shaft from a large-diameter end of the main shaft, an inner ring of the first angular contact bearing and an inner ring of the second angular contact bearing are in interference fit with the main shaft, an outer ring of the first angular contact bearing and an outer ring of the second angular contact bearing are in interference fit with a first bearing fixing sleeve and a second bearing fixing sleeve, an inner oil retainer and an inner oil retainer are mounted between the first angular contact bearing and the second angular contact bearing, an upper end cover and an outer oil retainer are mounted and fixed on the main shaft through screws, and a rotor coil is mounted on the main shaft from the other end of the main shaft and is fixed through a rotor fixing nut; the shell assembly comprises a shell, an adapter sleeve, a first bearing fixing sleeve, a second bearing fixing sleeve, a stator and rotor oil retaining ring, a stator coil, a third bearing fixing sleeve and a fourth bearing fixing sleeve; the first bearing fixing sleeve and the second bearing fixing sleeve are arranged on the inner wall of the switching sleeve, and the stator-rotor oil retainer ring, the third bearing fixing sleeve and the fourth bearing fixing sleeve are arranged on the inner wall of the shell; the upper balance head assembly comprises a main shaft assembly, a fastening screw and an upper balance head component, wherein the upper balance head assembly is fixedly connected with the end part of the main shaft through the fastening screw after the main shaft assembly is arranged in the shell assembly; the disc spring and lower balance head assembly comprises a disc spring, a disc spring fixing sleeve, a disc spring fastening screw, a lower balance head part fastening screw, an electric spindle wiring port, a lower end cover and a spindle; the disc spring is arranged on the main shaft, the disc spring fixing sleeve, the lower end cover and the lower end cylinder opening of the shell are fixedly arranged by a disc spring fastening screw, and the lower end cover is provided with an electric main shaft wiring port; the bearing pretightening force automatic adjustment and bearing assembly comprises a third angular contact bearing, a fourth angular contact bearing, a bearing inner oil retainer, a bearing lubricating sleeve, a spring, a piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat, a piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disk, a first force transmission disk, a second force transmission disk, a temperature sensor and a bearing axial limit nut; the third angular contact bearing, the inner oil retainer ring of the bearing, the bearing lubricating sleeve and the fourth angular contact bearing are sequentially arranged between the main shaft and the third and fourth bearing fixing sleeves, the inner rings of the third angular contact bearing and the fourth angular contact bearing are in interference fit with the main shaft, the outer rings of the third angular contact bearing and the third and fourth bearing fixing sleeves are in interference fit with each other, the temperature sensor, the second force transmission disc, the spring, the first force transmission disc, the piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disc and the piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat are sequentially arranged between the main shaft and the third and fourth bearing fixing sleeves, and are connected and limited with the main shaft through the bearing axial limiting nuts; the piezoelectric ceramic column is arranged in the piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat and is fixedly positioned by the piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disk, a spring is arranged between the first force transmission disk and the second force transmission disk in the bearing pre-tightening force automatic adjusting mechanism, one end of the piezoelectric ceramic column is connected with a hole shaft of the first force transmission disk in a matched manner, the other end of the piezoelectric ceramic column penetrates through the piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disk provided with the piezoelectric ceramic column positioning hole and is connected with a hole shaft on the piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat in a matched manner, a temperature sensor is arranged on the second force transmission disk and is used for monitoring the temperature of the third and four corners of the contact bearing in real time, the real-time monitored bearing temperature data is fed back to automatic control equipment, and the pre-tightening force is adjusted by outputting a control signal through the equipment; the number of the springs and the piezoelectric ceramic columns is three, and the springs and the piezoelectric ceramic columns are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the main shaft; the automatic balancing device consists of a vibration sensor, automatic control equipment, an upper balancing head part and a lower balancing head part, wherein the vibration sensor is arranged at a position corresponding to a stator coil and a rotor coil of the shell, the vibration sensor transmits the change of vibration amplitude to the automatic control equipment, and the monitoring equipment of the automatic balancing device starts a balancing head assembly and a lower balancing assembly of the automatic balancing device to adjust the unbalance amount until the unbalance amount reaches balance after receiving information; the control instrument automatically controls the automatic pre-tightening and self-balancing of the electric spindle through electric connection; the cooling water system comprises a stator and rotor cooling water system and a bearing cooling water system, wherein the stator and rotor cooling water system consists of a stator and rotor cooling water channel, a stator and rotor cooling water channel annular groove outlet and a cooling water annular groove at a position corresponding to the stator and rotor on the inner wall of a shell, the stator and rotor cooling water channel is communicated with the stator and rotor cooling water annular groove, and three cooling water annular grooves of the stator and rotor are provided with communication channels, and the water supply intensity of the stator and rotor cooling water system can be automatically adjusted through an external supply cooling system to cool the stator and rotor through water cooling; the bearing cooling water system consists of a transfer sleeve, a bearing cooling water channel, a cooling annular groove on a bearing fixing sleeve and a lower end cover, wherein the bearing cooling channel is arranged on the transfer sleeve and a shell, the bearing cooling annular groove is arranged on the periphery of a first bearing fixing sleeve, a second bearing fixing sleeve, a third bearing fixing sleeve and a fourth bearing fixing sleeve, the bearing cooling channel on the transfer sleeve is communicated with the cooling annular groove on the first bearing fixing sleeve and the second bearing fixing sleeve, the bearing cooling channel on the shell is communicated with the bearing cooling annular groove on the third bearing fixing sleeve and the fourth bearing fixing sleeve, the cooling annular groove on the bearing fixing sleeve is provided with a communication channel, and the water supply intensity of the bearing cooling water system can be automatically adjusted through an external supply cooling system to cool the bearing in a water-cooling manner; a cooling water channel water inlet, a cooling water outlet and a cooling water nozzle are arranged on the lower end cover; the bearing lubrication system comprises a switching sleeve, a shell, a first bearing lubrication channel, a second bearing lubrication channel, a first bearing lubrication channel and a second bearing lubrication channel, wherein the bearing lubrication channel is arranged on the switching sleeve and the shell, the bearing lubrication channel on the switching sleeve directly reaches the positions of the first bearing lubrication channel and the second bearing lubrication channel, and the bearing lubrication channel on the shell directly reaches the lubrication sleeve position between a third bearing and a fourth bearing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-balancing motorized spindle with auto-pretension according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows an automatic bearing pre-tightening force adjusting mechanism of a self-balancing electric spindle with automatic pre-tightening function.
In the figure, a switching sleeve 1, a bearing cooling channel 2, a bearing cooling annular groove 3, a first bearing fixing sleeve 4, a second bearing fixing sleeve 5, a first bearing outer oil retainer 6, a fastening screw 7, a balance head part 8, a main shaft 9, a positioning screw 10, a first angular contact bearing 11, a second bearing inner oil retainer 12, a first bearing lubricating sleeve 13, a second bearing lubricating sleeve 14, a first bearing lubricating channel 15, a second angular contact bearing 16, a rotor coil 17, a rotor oil retainer 18, a stator coil 19, a vibration sensor 20, a rotor cooling water annular groove outlet 21, a rotor fixing nut 22, a third angular contact bearing 23, a fourth angular contact bearing 24, a spring 25, a piezoelectric ceramic column 26, a bearing axial limit nut 27, a rotor cooling water channel 28, a lower end cover 29, a disc spring 30, a disc spring fixing sleeve 31, a disc spring fastening screw 32, a lower balance head assembly fastening screw 33, a spindle wiring port 34, a lower balance head assembly 35, a piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat 36, a piezoelectric ceramic column radial locating disk 38, a first disk 39, a second force transmission disk 40, a temperature sensor 41 and a third bearing fixing sleeve.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
A self-balancing electric spindle with automatic pre-tightening function comprises a spindle assembly, a shell assembly, an upper balance head assembly, a disc spring, a lower balance head assembly, a bearing pre-tightening force automatic adjustment and bearing assembly, an automatic balancing device, a cooling water system and a bearing lubrication system; as shown in fig. 1, the main shaft assembly comprises a main shaft 9, a first angular contact bearing 11, a second angular contact bearing 15, an inner oil retainer 12, a bearing lubricating sleeve 13, an upper end cover 5, an adapter sleeve 1, an outer oil retainer 6, a rotor coil 16 and a rotor fixing nut 22; the first angular contact bearing 11 and the second angular contact bearing 15 are arranged at the boss of the main shaft 9 from the large diameter end of the main shaft 9, the inner rings of the first angular contact bearing 11 and the second angular contact bearing 15 are in excessively hard interference fit with the main shaft 9, the outer rings of the first angular contact bearing 11 and the second angular contact bearing 15 are in interference fit with the first bearing fixing sleeve 4 and the second bearing fixing sleeve 4, the first bearing fixing sleeve 4 and the adapter sleeve 1 are in interference fit with each other, the bearing inner oil retainer 12 and the bearing lubricating sleeve 13 are arranged between the first angular contact bearing 11 and the second angular contact bearing 15, the upper end cover 5 and the bearing outer oil retainer 6 are arranged and fixed on the main shaft 9 by screws 10, the rotor coil 16 is then mounted to the main shaft 9 from the other end of the main shaft 9 and is fixed by a rotor fixing nut 22; the shell assembly comprises a shell 20, an adapter sleeve 1, a first bearing fixing sleeve 4, a second bearing fixing sleeve 4, a stator and rotor oil retainer 17, a stator coil 18, a third bearing fixing sleeve 41 and a fourth bearing fixing sleeve 41; the first bearing fixing sleeve 4 and the second bearing fixing sleeve 4 are arranged on the inner wall of the adapter sleeve 1, the stator and rotor oil retainer 17 and the stator coil 18 are sequentially arranged on the inner wall of the shell 20, and the third bearing fixing sleeve 41 and the fourth bearing fixing sleeve 41 are arranged on the inner wall of the shell 20; the upper balance head assembly comprises a main shaft assembly, a fastening screw 7 and an upper balance head part 8, the upper balance head assembly is fixedly connected with the end part of the main shaft 9 through the fastening screw 7 after the main shaft assembly is arranged in the shell assembly, and the disc spring and lower balance head assembly comprises a disc spring 30, a disc spring fixing sleeve 31, a disc spring fastening screw 32, a lower balance head part 35, a lower balance head part fastening screw 33, an electric main shaft wiring port 34, a lower end cover 29 and the main shaft 9; the disc spring 30 is arranged on the main shaft 9, the disc spring fixing sleeve 31, the lower end cover 29 and the lower end cylinder mouth of the shell 20 are fixedly arranged by the disc spring fastening screw 32, and the lower end cover 29 is provided with an electric main shaft wiring port 34; the bearing pretightening force automatic adjustment and bearing assembly comprises a third angular contact bearing 23, a fourth angular contact bearing 24, an inner oil retainer 12 of the bearing, a bearing lubrication sleeve 13, a spring 25, a piezoelectric ceramic column 26, a piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat 36, a piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disk 37, a first force transmission disk 38, a second force transmission disk 39, a temperature sensor 40 and a bearing axial limiting nut 27; the third angular contact bearing 23, the inner oil retainer 12, the bearing lubrication sleeve 13 and the fourth angular contact bearing 24 are sequentially arranged between the main shaft 9 and the third and fourth bearing fixing sleeves 41, the inner rings of the third angular contact bearing 23 and the fourth angular contact bearing 24 are in interference fit with the main shaft 9, the outer rings of the third angular contact bearing 23 and the fourth angular contact bearing 24 are in interference fit with the third and fourth bearing fixing sleeves 41, and the third angular contact bearing 23 and the fourth angular contact bearing 24 are ceramic bearings with wear resistance, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance; as shown in fig. 2, a temperature sensor 40, a second force transmission disc 39, a spring 25, a first force transmission disc 38, a piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disc 37 and a piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat 36 are sequentially arranged between a main shaft 9 and third and fourth bearing fixing sleeves 41, and are connected and limited with the main shaft 9 by a bearing axial limiting nut 27; the piezoelectric ceramic column 26 is arranged in the piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat 36 and is fixedly positioned by the piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disk 37, and the spring 25 is arranged between the first force transmission disk 38 and the second force transmission disk 39 in the bearing pretightening force automatic regulating mechanism, so that the spring 25 is endowed with a certain load in the installation state in order to eliminate the vibration generated by the electric spindle in the running process, and the connection tightness and reliability of the bearing are enhanced; one end of the piezoelectric ceramic column 26 is connected with a hole shaft of the first force transmission disc 38 in a matched manner, the other end of the piezoelectric ceramic column 26 passes through a piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disc 37 provided with a piezoelectric ceramic column positioning hole and is connected with a hole shaft on the piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat 36 in a matched manner, a temperature sensor 40 is arranged on the second force transmission disc 39 and used for monitoring the temperature of the third and four corners of the contact bearing in real time, the real-time monitored temperature data of the bearing is fed back to automatic control equipment, and the pretightening force is regulated by the equipment output control signal; the number of the springs 25 and the piezoelectric ceramic columns 26 is three, and the springs and the piezoelectric ceramic columns are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the main shaft 9; the automatic balancing device consists of a vibration sensor 19, automatic control equipment, an upper balancing head part 8, a lower balancing head part 35, a main shaft 9 and a spiral cable; the main shaft 9 is of a hollow structure and is used for installing an upper balance head part 8, a lower balance head part 35 and a spiral cable, and two ends of the spiral cable are respectively in threaded connection with the upper balance head part 8 and the lower balance head part 35; a vibration sensor 19 is arranged at a position corresponding to the stator coil and the rotor coil of the shell 20, the vibration sensor 19 transmits the change of the vibration amplitude to automatic control equipment, and after receiving information, monitoring equipment of the automatic balancing device starts a balancing head assembly 8 and a lower balancing assembly 35 of the automatic balancing device to adjust the unbalance until the unbalance is balanced; the control instrument automatically controls the automatic pre-tightening and self-balancing of the electric spindle through electric connection; the cooling water system comprises a stator and rotor cooling water system and a bearing cooling water system, wherein the stator and rotor cooling water system consists of a stator and rotor cooling water channel 28, a stator and rotor cooling water channel annular groove outlet 21 and a cooling water annular groove 3 at the position, corresponding to the stator and rotor, of the inner wall of the shell 20, the stator and rotor cooling water channel 28 is communicated with the stator and rotor cooling water annular groove 3, and three cooling water annular grooves 3 of the stator and rotor are provided with communication channels, so that the water supply intensity of the stator and rotor cooling water system can be automatically adjusted through an external supply cooling system to cool the stator and rotor in a water-cooling manner; the bearing cooling water system consists of a transfer sleeve 1, a bearing cooling water channel 2, cooling annular grooves 3 on bearing fixing sleeves 4 and 41 and a lower end cover 29, wherein the bearing cooling channel 2 is arranged on the transfer sleeve 1 and a shell 20, the bearing cooling annular grooves 3 are arranged on the peripheries of a first bearing fixing sleeve 4, a second bearing fixing sleeve 4, a third bearing fixing sleeve 41 and a fourth bearing fixing sleeve 41, the bearing cooling channel 2 on the transfer sleeve 1 is communicated with the cooling annular grooves 3 on the first bearing fixing sleeve 4 and the second bearing fixing sleeve 4, the bearing cooling channel 2 on the shell 20 is communicated with the bearing cooling annular grooves 3 on the third bearing fixing sleeve 41 and the fourth bearing fixing sleeve 41, the cooling annular grooves 3 on the bearing fixing sleeves 4 and 41 are provided with communication channels, the water supply intensity of the bearing cooling water system can be automatically adjusted through an external supply cooling system to cool the bearing in a water-cooling way; a cooling water channel water inlet, a cooling water outlet and a cooling water nozzle are arranged on the lower end cover 29; the bearing lubrication system comprises a switching sleeve 1, a shell 20, a first bearing lubrication channel 14, a second bearing lubrication channel 14 and a first bearing lubrication channel 13, wherein the bearing lubrication channel 14 is arranged on the switching sleeve 1 and the shell 20, the bearing lubrication channel 14 on the switching sleeve 1 reaches the position of the first bearing lubrication channel 13 and the second bearing lubrication channel 14 on the shell 20 reaches the position of the lubrication channel between a third bearing and a fourth bearing, and the bearings are well lubricated and can effectively reduce heating.
The self-balancing electric spindle with the automatic pre-tightening function has the advantages that the electric spindle generates heating and vibration phenomena along with the running time of equipment, the load of the spindle, the change of cooling intensity, the abrasion of a bearing and the change of a lubrication state; according to the invention, the running environment of the bearing and the stator and the rotor of the electric spindle is automatically monitored through the temperature sensor and the vibration sensor, and the cooling water system, the lubricating system, the self-balancing device and the automatic adjustment of the bearing pretightening force are automatically controlled through the external automatic control equipment connected to the wiring port of the electric spindle, and the magnitude of the cooling intensity, the bearing pretightening force and the lubricating state are automatically adjusted, so that the service life of the electric spindle is prolonged, the maintenance fault caused by stopping the running of the equipment is avoided, and the product quality and the productivity are improved.
Claims (1)
1. A self-balancing electric spindle with automatic pre-tightening function comprises a spindle assembly, a shell assembly, an upper balance head assembly, a disc spring, a lower balance head assembly, a bearing pre-tightening force automatic adjustment and bearing assembly, an automatic balancing device, a cooling water system and a bearing lubrication system; the main shaft assembly comprises a main shaft (9), a first angular contact bearing (11), a second angular contact bearing (15), a bearing inner oil retainer ring (12), a bearing lubricating sleeve (13), an upper end cover (5), a switching sleeve (1), a bearing outer oil retainer ring (6), a rotor coil (16) and a rotor fixing nut (22); the shell assembly comprises a shell (20), a switching sleeve (1), a first bearing fixing sleeve (4), a second bearing fixing sleeve, a stator and rotor oil retainer (17), a stator coil (18) and a third bearing fixing sleeve (41); the upper balance head assembly comprises a main shaft assembly, a fastening screw (7) and an upper balance head part (8); the disc spring and lower balance head assembly comprises a disc spring (30), a disc spring fixing sleeve (31), a disc spring fastening screw (32), a lower balance head assembly fastening screw (33), a lower end cover (29) of an electric spindle wiring port (34) and a spindle (9); the bearing pretightening force automatic adjustment and bearing assembly comprises a third angular contact bearing (23), a fourth angular contact bearing (24), a bearing inner oil retainer ring (12), a bearing lubrication sleeve (13), a spring (25), a piezoelectric ceramic column (26), a piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat (36), a piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disc (37), a first force transmission disc (38), a second force transmission disc (39), a temperature sensor (40) and a bearing axial limiting nut (27); the automatic balancing device consists of a vibration sensor (19), automatic control equipment, an upper balancing head part (8), a lower balancing head part (35) and a spiral cable; the cooling water system comprises a switching sleeve (1), a bearing cooling channel (2), a bearing cooling annular groove (3), a stator and rotor cooling water channel (28), a stator and rotor cooling water channel outlet (21) and a lower end cover (29); the cooling water system is divided into two parts of stator and rotor cooling water and bearing cooling water, the stator and rotor cooling water system consists of a stator and rotor cooling water channel (28), a stator and rotor cooling water channel annular groove outlet (21) and a cooling water annular groove at the corresponding position of the inner wall of the shell (20) and the stator and rotor, and the bearing cooling water system consists of a switching sleeve (1), a bearing cooling channel (2), a first bearing fixing sleeve (4), a second bearing fixing sleeve (41), a third bearing annular groove on the third bearing fixing sleeve and a fourth bearing fixing sleeve and a lower end cover (29); the bearing lubrication system comprises an adapter sleeve (1), a shell (20), a first bearing lubrication slide way (14), a second bearing lubrication slide way (13);
The main shaft assembly is characterized in that a first angular contact bearing (11) and a second angular contact bearing (15) are arranged at a boss of a main shaft (9) from a large-diameter end of the main shaft (9), an inner ring of the first angular contact bearing (11) and an inner ring of the second angular contact bearing (15) are in excessively hard fit with the main shaft (9), an outer ring of the first angular contact bearing (11) and an outer ring of the second angular contact bearing (15) are in interference fit with a first bearing fixing sleeve and a second bearing fixing sleeve (4), the first bearing fixing sleeve and the second bearing fixing sleeve (4) are in interference fit with a transfer sleeve (1), an inner oil retaining ring (12) and a bearing lubricating sleeve (13) are arranged between the first angular contact bearing (11) and the second angular contact bearing (15), an upper end cover (5) and an outer oil retaining ring (6) of the bearing are arranged and fixed on the main shaft (9) through screws (10), and a rotor coil (16) is arranged on the main shaft (9) from the other end of the main shaft (9) and fixed through a rotor fixing nut (22);
The shell assembly is characterized in that a first bearing fixing sleeve (4) and a second bearing fixing sleeve (4) are firstly arranged on the inner wall of a switching sleeve (1), then a stator-rotor oil retainer (17) and a stator coil (18) are arranged on the inner wall of a shell (20), and then a third bearing fixing sleeve and a fourth bearing fixing sleeve (41) are arranged on the inner wall of the shell (20);
After the main shaft assembly is arranged in the shell assembly, the upper balance head assembly is fixedly connected with the end part of the main shaft (9) through a fastening screw (7);
The upper balance head assembly is fixedly connected with the end part of the main shaft (9) through a fastening screw (7) after the main shaft assembly is arranged in the shell assembly;
The disc spring and lower balance head assembly is characterized in that a disc spring (30) is arranged on a main shaft (9), a disc spring fixing sleeve (31), a lower end cover (29) and a lower end cylinder opening of a shell (20) are fixedly arranged by a disc spring fastening screw (32), an electric main shaft wiring port (34) is arranged on the lower end cover (29), and a controller is electrically connected;
The bearing pre-tightening force automatic adjustment and bearing assembly is characterized in that a third angular contact bearing (23), an inner oil retainer ring (12), a bearing lubrication sleeve (13) and a fourth angular contact bearing (24) are sequentially arranged between a main shaft (9) and third and fourth bearing fixing sleeves (41), the inner rings of the third angular contact bearing (23) and the fourth angular contact bearing (24) are in interference fit with the main shaft (9), the outer rings of the third angular contact bearing and the fourth angular contact bearing are in interference fit with the third and fourth bearing fixing sleeves (41), and the third angular contact bearing (23) and the fourth angular contact bearing (24) are ceramic bearings; a temperature sensor (40), a second force transmission disc (39), a spring (25), a first force transmission disc (38), a piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disc (37) and a piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat (36) are sequentially arranged between a main shaft (9) and third and fourth bearing fixing sleeves (41), and are connected and limited with the main shaft (9) by a bearing axial limiting nut (27); a spring (25) is arranged between a first force transmission disc (38) and a second force transmission disc (39) in the bearing pre-tightening force automatic adjusting mechanism, one end of a piezoelectric ceramic column (26) is connected with a shaft hole of the first force transmission disc (38) in a matched manner, the other end of the piezoelectric ceramic column (26) penetrates through a piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disc (37) provided with a piezoelectric ceramic column positioning hole to be connected with a through hole on a piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat (36) in a matched manner, a temperature sensor (40) is arranged on the second force transmission disc (39) and used for monitoring the temperature of a bearing in real time, feeding back bearing temperature data monitored in real time to automatic control equipment, and outputting a control signal through the equipment to adjust the pre-tightening force; the number of the springs (25) and the piezoelectric ceramic columns (26) is three, and the springs and the piezoelectric ceramic columns are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the main shaft (9);
The main shaft (9) of the automatic balancing device is of a hollow structure and is used for installing an upper balancing head part (8), a lower balancing head part (35) and a spiral cable, one end of the spiral cable is in threaded connection with the upper balancing head part (8), and the other end of the spiral cable is in threaded connection with the lower balancing head part (35); a vibration sensor (19) is arranged at a position corresponding to the stator coil and the rotor coil of the shell (20), the vibration sensor (19) transmits the change of the vibration amplitude to automatic control equipment, monitoring equipment of the automatic balancing device starts an upper balancing head part (8) and a lower balancing head part (35) of the automatic balancing device to adjust the unbalance until the unbalance is balanced after receiving the information, and the controller automatically controls the self-balance of the electric spindle through electric connection;
The stator and rotor cooling water system is provided with a stator and rotor cooling water channel (28) which is communicated with stator and rotor cooling water annular grooves, the three stator and rotor cooling water annular grooves are provided with communication channels, and the water supply intensity of the stator and rotor cooling water system is automatically adjusted through an external supply cooling system to cool the stator and rotor in a water-cooling way; bearing cooling channels (2) are formed in the adapter sleeve (1) and the shell (20), bearing cooling annular grooves (3) are formed in the peripheries of the first bearing fixing sleeve (4), the second bearing fixing sleeve (4) and the third bearing fixing sleeve and the fourth bearing fixing sleeve (41), the bearing cooling channels (2) in the adapter sleeve (1) are communicated with the cooling annular grooves in the first bearing fixing sleeve and the second bearing fixing sleeve (4), the bearing cooling channels (2) in the shell (20) are communicated with the bearing cooling annular grooves (3) in the third bearing fixing sleeve and the fourth bearing fixing sleeve (41), communication channels are formed in the cooling annular grooves in the bearing fixing sleeves (4) and the fourth bearing fixing sleeve, and water supply intensity of a bearing cooling water system is automatically adjusted through an external supply cooling system to cool the bearing in a water-cooling mode; a cooling water channel water inlet, a cooling water outlet and a cooling water nozzle are arranged on the lower end cover (29);
the bearing lubrication system is characterized in that bearing lubrication ways (14) are arranged on the adapter sleeve (1) and the shell (20), the bearing lubrication ways (14) on the adapter sleeve (1) directly reach the positions of the first bearing lubrication sleeve and the second bearing lubrication sleeve (13), and the bearing lubrication ways (14) on the shell (20) directly reach the lubrication sleeve position between the third bearing and the fourth bearing.
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| CN112775447B true CN112775447B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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| CN214392369U (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-10-15 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Self-balancing electric spindle with automatic pre-tightening function |
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| CN102794468B (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2015-03-04 | 绍兴文理学院 | High-speed electric spindle |
| CN103267637B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2015-04-29 | 西安交通大学 | Self-balancing motorized spindle comprehensive performance test platform |
| CN103286678B (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2016-02-24 | 上海原创精密机床主轴有限公司 | A kind of Multifunction internal formula dynamic/static piezoelectric main shaft for efficient high-speed precision machine tool |
| KR101503010B1 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-16 | 주식회사 에스엠에스비 | high speed/high frequency spindle |
| CN204504240U (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-29 | 张黎明 | The efficient dynamic/static piezoelectric main shaft of a kind of high speed and super precision |
| CN208004806U (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-10-26 | 沈阳建筑大学工厂 | A kind of machining center electro spindle having self-adjustable bearing pretightning force |
| CN210958055U (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-07-07 | 西安西微智能科技有限公司 | Permanent magnet synchronous precision grinding electric spindle |
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