CN112774854A - Method for reducing leaching acid consumption of clay uranium ore - Google Patents

Method for reducing leaching acid consumption of clay uranium ore Download PDF

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CN112774854A
CN112774854A CN202110149621.6A CN202110149621A CN112774854A CN 112774854 A CN112774854 A CN 112774854A CN 202110149621 A CN202110149621 A CN 202110149621A CN 112774854 A CN112774854 A CN 112774854A
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uranium
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leaching
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刘志超
李广
李春风
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Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy of CNNC
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    • B03D1/001—Flotation agents
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    • B03D1/00—Flotation
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
    • C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
    • C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
    • C22B60/0217—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
    • C22B60/0221—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B60/0226—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors
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    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
    • B03D2201/02—Collectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
    • B03D2201/04—Frothers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
    • B03D2201/06—Depressants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
    • B03D2203/02—Ores
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for reducing leaching acid consumption of clay uranium ore, which grinds and classifies the ore according to the occurrence state of uranium ore in clay uranium ore and the distribution characteristics of carbonate ore, fine fraction ore with high uranium content and low carbonate ore content is preferably separated, coarse fraction ore with high carbonate content is separated by flotation to obtain flotation uranium concentrate and flotation tailings with low carbonate content, the fine fraction ore and the flotation uranium concentrate are combined and the acid method is adopted to leach uranium, so that not only can reagent consumption be greatly reduced, but also the leaching rate of uranium is high, the acid consumption is 9%, the leaching rate of uranium reaches 94.06%, the tailing throwing of flotation tailings can be realized, the hydrometallurgy ore treatment capacity is reduced, and a new technical route is provided for economic utilization of clay uranium ore.

Description

Method for reducing leaching acid consumption of clay uranium ore
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting uranium from clay uranium ore, in particular to a method for reducing leaching acid consumption of clay uranium ore, and belongs to the technical field of uranium ore dressing and smelting.
Background
The clay uranium ore generally has the characteristics of serious argillization, high carbonate mineral content, low uranium grade and the like. In acid leaching, sulphuric acid first neutralizes carbonate minerals in the ore before effective leaching of the uranium minerals is achieved, which certainly increases the amount of sulphuric acid used. Referring to relevant documents at home and abroad, when the uranium ore is directly leached by an acid method, the leaching rate of uranium is ensured to reach more than 90%, the acid consumption is generally more than 25%, a large amount of bubbles are generated by the reaction of sulfuric acid and carbonate minerals in the leaching process, a trough is easy to overflow, and the operation condition is poor. The grade of uranium in the ore is generally below 0.08%, the processing capacity of hydrometallurgy ore is large, the ore is seriously argillized, the solid-liquid separation is difficult, the production cost is high, and the uranium resource can not be economically and effectively utilized at present. Chinese patent (ZL201610404189X) discloses a method for flotation of carbonate minerals from mudstone type uranium ores, which is a method for removing carbonate minerals by flotation, but carbonate minerals still contain high-grade uranium, so that tailing discarding is not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of large ore treatment capacity, high acid consumption, poor operation condition, high production cost and the like existing in the direct leaching of clay uranium ore in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for reducing the leaching acid consumption of clay uranium ore, which finely grinds the clay uranium ore according to the occurrence state of the uranium ore in the clay uranium ore and the distribution characteristic of carbonate ore in the ore, classifies the ore according to a special mode, preferentially separates out fine fraction uranium-containing ore with high uranium content and low carbonate ore content, removes the carbonate ore from coarse fraction uranium-containing ore with high carbonate ore content by a flotation method to enrich coarse fraction independent uranium ore and uranium ore symbiotic with other ore, combines the fine fraction uranium-containing ore and flotation concentrate, and then uses acid leaching to reduce reagent consumption and improve the extraction efficiency of the uranium ore, the production cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a method for reducing leaching acid consumption of clay uranium ore, which comprises the following steps:
1) crushing and grinding clayey uranium ores, and screening out ores with the grain size of less than 0.15 mm;
2) classifying ores with the particle size of less than 0.15mm into ores with the particle size of-0.045 mm and ores with the particle size of +0.045mm through a 0.045mm screen;
3) after pulp mixing is carried out on ore with the size fraction of +0.045mm, water glass, tannin and aluminum trichloride are used as inhibitors, kerosene, benzohydroxamic acid and butyl xanthate are used as collecting agents, No. 2 oil is used as a foaming agent, the obtained flotation rough concentrate and scavenging concentrate are combined into flotation uranium concentrate through the flow of once roughing and once scavenging, and the obtained flotation tailings are directly thrown to the tail;
4) and merging the ore with the grade of-0.045 mm and the floated uranium concentrate into uranium concentrate, and leaching and recovering uranium by adopting an acid method.
According to the technical scheme, enrichment of uranium-containing minerals is achieved by means of ore grinding classification and flotation according to the characteristics of low grade of uranium minerals, serious argillization, high content of associated carbonate gangue minerals and the like in clay uranium ores, and the carbonate minerals are effectively removed, so that the uranium recovery efficiency is improved, and the acid consumption is reduced. According to the technical scheme, clay uranium ores are ground to-0.15 mm by an ore grinding mode for reducing ore argillization after being crushed, the ores are divided into-0.045 mm fine-grained ores and +0.045mm coarse-grained ores, and a large amount of research data show that the-0.045 mm fine-grained ores are high in uranium content and low in carbonate mineral content, and can be directly used for a subsequent acid leaching process; for the +0.045mm grade ore, the uranium-containing mineral with higher carbonate content is mainly subjected to carbonate flotation through inhibition, the flotation of the uranium-containing mineral is enhanced by combining a special combined collecting agent to enrich the uranium-containing mineral, flotation uranium concentrate with low carbonate content is obtained, the-0.045 mm grade ore and the flotation uranium concentrate are combined, uranium is leached by adopting an acid method, and the flotation tailing has the characteristics of low acid consumption and high uranium leaching rate, and can be directly discarded. In conclusion, the uranium ore concentrate with low carbon dioxide content is obtained by combining technical means of classification and flotation, reagent consumption can be greatly reduced by adopting acid leaching, tailing discarding of flotation tailings can be realized, the treatment capacity of hydrometallurgy ore is reduced, and a new technical route is provided for economic utilization of uranium ore.
The clay uranium ore mainly comprises quartz, calcite, feldspar, pyrite, uraninite, clay (kaolin), organic matters (carbonaceous matters), a small amount of mica gangue and the like, wherein the uraninite is microscopic, has the granularity of 1-9 microns, is often present near the pyrite, is closely related to the pyrite, has a certain spatial relationship with the goethite, is seriously argillized, and is mainly calcite, but has no direct symbiotic relationship with uranium. The grade of uranium in the ore is 0.058 percent, and the grade of carbon dioxide is 6.35 percent.
As a preferred scheme, the ore grinding comprises the processes of pre-screening, inspection screening and rod grinding. Clay uranium ore is crushed and then is pre-screened by a screen with the screen hole size of 0.15mm, ore with the grain size of +0.15mm is ground by a rod mill, then is checked and screened by a screen with the screen hole size of 0.15mm, oversize materials are returned to the mill for regrinding, and undersize materials and pre-screened undersize materials are combined to obtain ore with the grain size of-0.15 mm.
As a preferable scheme, the mass percentage concentration of the pulp conditioning slurry is 10-40%.
As a preferable scheme, in the roughing process, the dosage of the water glass is 200-2000 g/t, the dosage of the tannin is 100-1000 g/t, the dosage of the aluminum trichloride is 50-500 g/t, the dosage of the kerosene is 50-500 g/t, the dosage of the benzohydroxamic acid is 100-1000 g/t, the dosage of the butyl xanthate is 50-500 g/t, and the dosage of the No. 2 oil is 30-150 g/t. The water glass is mainly used for inhibiting the flotation of silicate minerals, and the tannin and the aluminum trichloride are mainly used for inhibiting the flotation of carbonate minerals. According to the technical scheme, the butyl xanthate, the kerosene and the benzohydroxamic acid are used in a combined mode, uranium minerals in different occurrence states in clay uranium ores can be simultaneously floated, the three medicaments can cooperate with each other, the adsorption capacity and the adsorption strength of the collecting agent on the surface of a target mineral are enhanced, the influence of metal ions in a solution on flotation is eliminated, and a better flotation effect is obtained.
As a preferable scheme, in the scavenging process, the dosage of kerosene is 20-200 g/t, the dosage of benzohydroxamic acid is 50-400 g/t, the dosage of butyl xanthate is 20-200 g/t, and the dosage of No. 2 oil is 30-150 g/t.
As a preferred scheme, the acid leaching conditions are as follows: sulfuric acid is used as a leaching agent, the dosage of the leaching agent is 5-15% of the mass of uranium concentrate, and MnO is used2The oxidant is used, and the using amount of the oxidant is 0.5-3.0% of the mass of the uranium concentrate; the leaching temperature is 20-50 ℃, the solid-to-solid ratio of a leaching solution is 1.5-2.5 mL:1g, the stirring speed is 150-1000 r/min, and the leaching time is 1-12 h. The leaching efficiency of uranium can be improved under the preferred leaching conditions. The sulfuric acid is industrial concentrated sulfuric acid.
The invention provides a method for reducing leaching acid consumption of a clay uranium ore, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) ore crushing: coarsely crushing the ore to-10 mm.
(2) Grinding: pre-screening the crushed ore by using a sieve with the sieve pore size of 0.15mm, and feeding oversize materials into a rod mill; after the ore rod is ground, a sieve with the sieve pore size of 0.15mm is adopted for checking and screening, oversize materials are returned to the grinding machine for regrinding, and undersize materials and presieved undersize materials are combined to obtain ore with the size fraction of-0.15 mm.
(3) Grading: and (3) dividing the ore with the size fraction of-0.15 mm obtained in the step (2) into uranium-containing ore with the size fraction of-0.045 mm and uranium-containing ore with the size fraction of +0.045mm by using a sieve with the size of 0.045 mm.
(4) Flotation of uranium minerals
1) Adjusting the concentration of ore pulp of +0.045mm coarse fraction ore to 10-40%, adding 200-2000 g/t silicate mineral inhibitor water glass, stirring for 3-15 min under the condition that the rotation speed of a flotation machine rotor is 1000-2500 r/min, adding 100-1000 g/t carbonate mineral inhibitor tannin, 50-500 g/t aluminum trichloride, and stirring for 3-15 min under the condition that the rotation speed of the flotation machine rotor is 1000-2500 r/min.
2) Adding 50-500 g/t of collecting agent kerosene, 100-1000 g/t of benzohydroxamic acid and 50-500 g/t of butyl xanthate into ore pulp, stirring for 3-15 min under the condition that the rotation speed of a flotation machine rotor is 1000-2500 r/min, adding 30-150 g/t of foaming agent No. 2 oil, stirring for 3-15 min under the condition that the rotation speed of the flotation machine rotor is 1000-2500 r/min, and performing air flotation after the agent is fully contacted with minerals to obtain flotation rough concentrate and flotation rough tailings.
3) Adding 20-200 g/t of collecting agent kerosene, 50-400 g/t of benzohydroxamic acid, 20-200 g/t of butyl xanthate into the obtained flotation rough concentrate, stirring for 3-15 min under the condition that the rotation speed of a rotor of a flotation machine is 1000-2500 r/min, adding 30-150 g/t of foaming agent No. 2 oil, stirring for 3-15 min under the condition that the rotation speed of the rotor of the flotation machine is 1000-2500 r/min, and scavenging for 1 time to obtain scavenged concentrate and flotation tailings.
4) And combining the flotation rough concentrate in the step 2) and the scavenging concentrate in the step 3) into flotation uranium concentrate.
(5) Leaching of uranium:
merging the obtained ore with the size fraction of-0.045 mm and the flotation uranium concentrate into uranium concentrate, and leaching uranium by adopting an acid leaching method;
a. the leaching reagent is concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98%, and the dosage of the leaching reagent is 5-15% of the mass of the ore;
b. the oxidant is MnO2The using amount is 0.5-3.0% of the mass of the ore;
c. leaching for 1-12 h at the leaching temperature of 20-50 ℃, the leaching solution solid-to-solid ratio of 1.5: 1-2.5: 1 and the stirring speed of 150-1000 r/min;
d. and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain leaching slag and a leaching solution of uranium.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the technical scheme, the enrichment of the uranium minerals is realized, the grade of the carbonate minerals is reduced, and the acid consumption in the leaching process is reduced by adopting the technical means of combining ore grinding classification with flotation separation according to the occurrence state of the uranium minerals in the clay uranium ores and the distribution characteristics of the carbonate minerals in the ores. According to the invention, clay uranium ore is subjected to special grading treatment, fine-grained ore of-0.045 mm is preferably separated, the yield is 21.41%, the uranium grade is 0.108%, and the carbon dioxide grade is 1.37%, the part of ore has high uranium content and low carbonate mineral content, and can be directly used in a subsequent acid leaching process, and for coarse-grained ore of +0.045mm, the ore mainly contains carbonate mineral with high proportion, carbonate agent is adopted and special combined collecting agent is used in combination, so that uranium mineral can be floated out from coarse-grained ore mineral with high carbonate gangue mineral content, and uranium concentrate with low carbonate content, the yield is 30.75%, the uranium grade is 0.096%, the carbon dioxide grade is 2.42%, the flotation tailing yield is 47.84%, the uranium grade is 0.009%, the recovery rate is 7.56%, the recovery rate of carbon dioxide is 11.10%, and the recovery rate is 83.66%, and the flotation tailing can be directly discarded. Therefore, by combining the fine-grained ore of-0.045 mm with the uranium ore concentrate obtained by flotation, the uranium is leached by an acid method, the acid consumption is 9 percent, and the uranium leaching rate is 94.06 percent. The method obtains the uranium concentrate with low carbon dioxide content by using a technical means of combining grading and flotation, can greatly reduce reagent consumption by adopting acid leaching, can realize tailing discarding of tailings, reduces the treatment capacity of hydrometallurgy ores, and provides a new technical route for economic utilization of the uranium ores.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the clay uranium ore treatment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are intended to further illustrate the present disclosure, but not to limit the scope of the claims.
Example 1
The clay uranium ore mainly comprises quartz, calcite, feldspar, pyrite, uraninite, clay (kaolin), organic matters (carbonaceous matters) and a small amount of mica gangue. The uraninite is microscopic, the particle size of the uraninite is 1-9 microns, the uraninite often exists near the pyrite, the uraninite and the pyrite are closely related, and meanwhile, a certain spatial relationship exists between the uraninite and the pyrite. The ores are seriously argillized, the main carbonate mineral is calcite, but the carbonate mineral and uranium have no direct symbiotic relationship. The grade of uranium in the ore is 0.058 percent, and the grade of carbon dioxide is 6.35 percent.
Comparative tests were carried out on 5 different sets of conditions, as follows
(1) In the No. 1 test, the granularity of the ore is coarsely crushed to-5 mm, and the ore is ground to-0.15 mm by a rod mill; in the No. 2-5 test, the ore is coarsely crushed to minus 5mm, a sieve with the sieve pore size of 0.15mm is used for pre-screening, and oversize materials enter a rod mill. After the ore rod is ground, a sieve with the sieve pore size of 0.15mm is adopted for checking and screening, oversize materials are returned to the grinding machine for regrinding, and undersize materials and presieved undersize materials are combined to obtain ore with the size fraction of-0.15 mm.
(2) In the test No. 1-4, the ore with the size fraction of-0.15 mm is divided into two parts of uranium-containing ore with the size fraction of-0.045 mm and uranium-containing ore with the size fraction of +0.045mm by a sieve with the size fraction of 0.045mm, and the test No. 5 is not classified into groups.
(3) In the No. 1-4 test, the ore pulp concentration of the uranium-containing ore with the grain size of +0.045mm is adjusted to 15%, and in the No. 5 test, the ore pulp concentration of the full-grain ore is adjusted to 15%;
(4) the silicate mineral inhibitor added in the No. 1 to No. 5 tests is 600g/t of water glass, the mixture is stirred for 15min under the condition that the rotation speed of a rotor of a flotation machine is 1000r/min, the carbonate mineral inhibitor is added in the No. 1 to No. 5 tests, the tannin is 300g/t, 500g/t, 300g/t, the aluminum trichloride is 200g/t, 0g/t, 200g/t, and the mixture is stirred for 15min under the condition that the rotation speed of the rotor of the flotation machine is 1000 r/min.
(5) In the No. 1-5 test, collecting agents are added into ore pulp, kerosene is 50g/t, benzohydroxamic acid is 500g/t, 550g/t and 500g/t respectively, butyl xanthate is 50g/t, 0g/t and 50g/t respectively, stirring is carried out for 15min under the condition that the rotation speed of a rotor of a flotation machine is 1000r/min, No. 2 oil foaming agents are added in the No. 1-5 test, stirring is carried out for 15min under the condition that the rotation speed of the rotor of the flotation machine is 1000r/min, and the flotation rough concentrate and the flotation rough tailings are obtained by aerating and carrying out flotation after the agents are fully contacted with minerals.
Example 1 the results of the test are shown in table 1.
Table 1 example 1 results of sorting tests
Figure BDA0002932232310000061
Example 2
The clay uranium ore mainly comprises quartz, calcite, feldspar, pyrite, uraninite, clay (kaolin), organic matters (carbonaceous matters) and a small amount of mica gangue. The uraninite is microscopic, the particle size of the uraninite is 1-9 microns, the uraninite often exists near the pyrite, the uraninite and the pyrite are closely related, and meanwhile, a certain spatial relationship exists between the uraninite and the pyrite. The ores are seriously argillized, the main carbonate mineral is calcite, but the carbonate mineral and uranium have no direct symbiotic relationship. The grade of uranium in the ore is 0.058 percent, and the grade of carbon dioxide is 6.35 percent.
(1) Coarsely crushing the ore to-8 mm, pre-screening with a sieve pore size of 0.15mm, and feeding the oversize into a rod mill. After the ore rod is ground, a sieve with the sieve pore size of 0.15mm is adopted for checking and screening, oversize materials are returned to the grinding machine for regrinding, and undersize materials and presieved undersize materials are combined to obtain ore with the size fraction of-0.15 mm.
(2) The ore with the size fraction of-0.15 mm is divided into uranium-containing ore with the size fraction of-0.045 mm and uranium-containing ore with the size fraction of +0.045mm by a sieve with the size of 0.045 mm.
(3) Adjusting the concentration of the ore pulp of uranium-bearing ore with the grade of +0.045mm to 20%, adding 600g/t silicate mineral inhibitor water glass, stirring for 15min under the condition of the rotating speed of a flotation machine rotor being 1500r/min, adding 350g/t carbonate mineral inhibitor tannin, 200g/t aluminum trichloride, and stirring for 15min under the condition of the rotating speed of the flotation machine rotor being 1500 r/min.
(4) Adding 100g/t of collecting agent kerosene, 400g/t of benzohydroxamic acid and 50g/t of butyl xanthate into ore pulp, stirring for 15min under the condition that the rotation speed of a rotor of a flotation machine is 1500r/min, adding 45g/t of No. 2 oil foaming agent, stirring for 15min under the condition that the rotation speed of the rotor of the flotation machine is 1500r/min, fully contacting the agent with minerals, and then performing air flotation to obtain flotation rough concentrate and flotation rough tailings.
(5) Adding 50g/t of collecting agent kerosene, 150g/t of benzohydroxamic acid and 50g/t of butyl xanthate into flotation rough concentrates, stirring for 15min under the condition that the rotation speed of a flotation machine rotor is 1500r/min, adding 25g/t of No. 2 oil foaming agent, stirring for 15min under the condition that the rotation speed of the flotation machine rotor is 1500r/min, and scavenging for 1 time to obtain scavenged concentrates and flotation tailings. And combining the flotation rough concentrate and the scavenging concentrate into flotation uranium concentrate.
(6) Merging the uranium-containing ore and the flotation uranium concentrate into uranium concentrate in the size fraction of 0.045mm, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% into the uranium concentrate as a leaching agent, adding the concentrated sulfuric acid into the uranium concentrate in an amount of 8% of the mass of the ore, and adding an oxidant MnO2The dosage is 1 percent of the mass of the ore, and the solid-to-solid ratio of the leaching solution is 1.5 at the leaching temperature of 40 ℃:1, leaching for 2 hours at the stirring speed of 200r/min, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution and leaching slag of uranium.
Example 2 the test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2-1 example 2 results of sorting tests
Figure BDA0002932232310000071
Figure BDA0002932232310000081
Table 2-2 example 2 leaching test results
Leaching sample Leaching method U content of leaching residue% Slag gauge U Leaching Rate/%)
Uranium concentrate Acid process 0.011 88.63
Example 3
The clay uranium ore mainly comprises quartz, calcite, feldspar, pyrite, uraninite, clay (kaolin), organic matters (carbonaceous matters) and a small amount of mica gangue. The uraninite is microscopic, the particle size of the uraninite is 1-9 microns, the uraninite often exists near the pyrite, the uraninite and the pyrite are closely related, and meanwhile, a certain spatial relationship exists between the uraninite and the pyrite. The ores are seriously argillized, the main carbonate mineral is calcite, but the carbonate mineral and uranium have no direct symbiotic relationship. The grade of uranium in the ore is 0.058 percent, and the grade of carbon dioxide is 6.35 percent.
(1) Coarsely crushing the ore to-5 m, pre-screening with a sieve pore size of 0.15mm, and feeding the oversize into a rod mill. After the ore rod is ground, a sieve with the sieve pore size of 0.15mm is adopted for checking and screening, oversize materials are returned to the grinding machine for regrinding, and undersize materials and presieved undersize materials are combined to obtain ore with the size fraction of-0.15 mm.
(2) The ore with the size fraction of-0.15 mm is divided into uranium-containing ore with the size fraction of-0.045 mm and uranium-containing ore with the size fraction of +0.045mm by a sieve with the size of 0.045 mm.
(3) Adjusting the concentration of the ore pulp of uranium-bearing ore with the grade of +0.045mm to 25%, adding 700g/t silicate mineral inhibitor water glass, stirring for 10min under the condition of the rotating speed of a flotation machine rotor being 1500r/min, adding 400g/t carbonate mineral inhibitor tannin, 250g/t aluminum trichloride, and stirring for 10min under the condition of the rotating speed of the flotation machine rotor being 1500 r/min.
(4) Adding 150g/t of collecting agent kerosene, 450g/t of benzohydroxamic acid and 100g/t of butyl xanthate into the ore pulp, stirring for 10min under the condition that the rotation speed of a rotor of a flotation machine is 1500r/min, adding 50g/t of No. 2 oil foaming agent, stirring for 10min under the condition that the rotation speed of the rotor of the flotation machine is 1500r/min, fully contacting the agent with the mineral, and then performing air flotation to obtain flotation rough concentrate and flotation rough tailings.
(5) Adding 80g/t of collecting agent kerosene, 200g/t of benzohydroxamic acid and 80g/t of butyl xanthate into flotation rough concentrates, stirring for 10min under the condition that the rotation speed of a flotation machine rotor is 1500r/min, adding 30g/t of No. 2 oil foaming agent, stirring for 10min under the condition that the rotation speed of the flotation machine rotor is 1500r/min, and scavenging for 1 time to obtain scavenged concentrates and flotation tailings. And combining the flotation rough concentrate and the scavenging concentrate into flotation uranium concentrate.
(6) Merging the uranium-containing ore and the flotation uranium concentrate into uranium concentrate in the size fraction of 0.045mm, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% into the uranium concentrate as a leaching agent, adding the concentrated sulfuric acid into the uranium concentrate, wherein the adding amount of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 10% of the mass of the ore, and adding an oxidant MnO2The dosage is 1.5 percent of the mass of the ore, and the solid-to-solid ratio of the leaching solution is 1.8 at the leaching temperature of 45 ℃:1, leaching for 2.5 hours at a stirring speed of 250r/min, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution of uranium and leaching slag.
Example 3 the test results are shown in table 3.
Table 3-1 example 3 results of sorting tests
Figure BDA0002932232310000091
Table 3-2 example 3 leaching test results
Leaching sample Leaching method U content of leaching residue% Slag gauge U Leaching Rate/%)
Uranium concentrate Acid process 0.009 90.70
Example 4
The clay uranium ore mainly comprises quartz, calcite, feldspar, pyrite, uraninite, clay (kaolin), organic matters (carbonaceous matters) and a small amount of mica gangue. The uraninite is microscopic, the particle size of the uraninite is 1-9 microns, the uraninite often exists near the pyrite, the uraninite and the pyrite are closely related, and meanwhile, a certain spatial relationship exists between the uraninite and the pyrite. The ores are seriously argillized, the main carbonate mineral is calcite, but the carbonate mineral and uranium have no direct symbiotic relationship. The grade of uranium in the ore is 0.058 percent, and the grade of carbon dioxide is 6.35 percent.
Compared with uranium concentrate acid leaching, raw ore direct acid leaching and raw ore direct alkali leaching, the method has the following specific test conditions:
(1) coarsely crushing the ore to-3 m, pre-screening with a sieve pore size of 0.15mm, and feeding the oversize into a rod mill. After the ore rod is ground, a sieve with the sieve pore size of 0.15mm is adopted for checking and screening, oversize materials are returned to the grinding machine for regrinding, and undersize materials and presieved undersize materials are combined to obtain ore with the size fraction of-0.15 mm.
(2) The ore with the size fraction of-0.15 mm is divided into uranium-containing ore with the size fraction of-0.045 mm and uranium-containing ore with the size fraction of +0.045mm by a sieve with the size of 0.045 mm.
(3) Adjusting the concentration of the ore pulp of uranium-bearing ore with the grade of +0.045mm to 30%, adding 800g/t of silicate mineral inhibitor water glass, stirring for 5min under the condition that the rotation speed of a flotation machine rotor is 2000r/min, adding 500g/t of carbonate mineral inhibitor tannin, 300g/t of aluminum trichloride, and stirring for 5min under the condition that the rotation speed of the flotation machine rotor is 2000 r/min.
(4) Adding collecting agents including kerosene 200g/t, benzohydroxamic acid 500g/t and butyl xanthate 150g/t into ore pulp, stirring for 5min under the condition that the rotation speed of a rotor of a flotation machine is 2000r/min, adding a No. 2 oil foaming agent 55g/t, stirring for 5min under the condition that the rotation speed of the rotor of the flotation machine is 2000r/min, and performing inflation flotation after the agent is fully contacted with minerals to obtain flotation rough concentrate and flotation rough tailings.
(5) Adding 100g/t of collecting agent kerosene, 250g/t of benzohydroxamic acid and 100g/t of butyl xanthate into flotation rough concentrates, stirring for 5min under the condition that the rotation speed of a flotation machine rotor is 2000r/min, adding 35g/t of No. 2 oil foaming agent, stirring for 5min under the condition that the rotation speed of the flotation machine rotor is 2000r/min, and scavenging for 1 time to obtain scavenged concentrates and flotation tailings. And combining the flotation rough concentrate and the scavenging concentrate into flotation uranium concentrate.
(6) Merging the uranium-containing ore and the flotation uranium concentrate into uranium concentrate in the size fraction of 0.045mm, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% into the uranium concentrate as a leaching agent, adding the concentrated sulfuric acid with the addition of 9% of the mass of the ore, and adding an oxidant MnO2The dosage is 2.0 percent of the mass of the ore, and the solid-to-solid ratio of the leaching solution is 2.0 at the leaching temperature of 50 ℃:1, leaching for 3 hours at a stirring speed of 300r/min, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution of uranium and leaching slag; adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% into raw ore as a leaching agent, wherein the adding amount is 27% of the mass of the ore, adding an oxidant MnO2 with the amount of 2.0% of the mass of the ore, and at the leaching temperature of 50 ℃, the solid-to-solid ratio of a leaching solution is 2.0: 1, leaching for 3 hours at a stirring speed of 300r/min, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution of uranium and leaching slag; adding sodium carbonate as a leaching agent into raw ore, wherein the adding amount is 12% of the mass of the ore, adding an oxidant MnO2, the using amount is 2.0% of the mass of the ore, and the solid-to-solid ratio of a leaching solution is 2.0 at a leaching temperature of 90 ℃:1, leaching for 3 hours at the stirring speed of 300r/min, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution and leaching slag of uranium. (ii) a
Example 4 the test results are shown in table 4. Table 4-1 example 4 results of sorting tests
Figure BDA0002932232310000111
Table 4-2 example 4 leaching test results
Leaching sample Leaching method Kind of reagent Amount of reagent/% U content of leached residues/%) Slag gauge U Leaching Rate/%)
Uranium concentrate Acid process 98% concentrated sulfuric acid 9 0.006 94.06
Raw ore Acid process 98% concentrated sulfuric acid 27 0.005 91.38
Raw ore Alkaline process Sodium carbonate 12 0.019 67.24

Claims (6)

1. A method for reducing leaching acid consumption of clay uranium ore is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) crushing and grinding clayey uranium ores, and screening out ores with the grain size of less than 0.15 mm;
2) classifying ores with the particle size of less than 0.15mm into ores with the particle size of-0.045 mm and ores with the particle size of +0.045mm through a 0.045mm screen;
3) after pulp mixing is carried out on ore with the size fraction of +0.045mm, water glass, tannin and aluminum trichloride are used as inhibitors, kerosene, benzohydroxamic acid and butyl xanthate are used as collecting agents, No. 2 oil is used as a foaming agent, the obtained flotation rough concentrate and scavenging concentrate are combined into flotation uranium concentrate through the flow of once roughing and once scavenging, and the obtained flotation tailings are directly thrown to the tail;
4) and merging the ore with the grade of-0.045 mm and the floated uranium concentrate into uranium concentrate, and leaching and recovering uranium by adopting an acid method.
2. The method for reducing leaching acid consumption of a clay uranium ore according to claim 1, wherein: the ore grinding comprises the processes of pre-screening, inspection screening and rod grinding.
3. The method for reducing leaching acid consumption of a clay uranium ore according to claim 1, wherein: the mass percentage concentration of the pulp is adjusted to 10-40% through size mixing.
4. The method for reducing leaching acid consumption of a clay uranium ore according to claim 1, wherein: in the roughing process, the dosage of water glass is 200-2000 g/t, the dosage of tannin is 100-1000 g/t, the dosage of aluminum trichloride is 50-500 g/t, the dosage of kerosene is 50-500 g/t, the dosage of benzohydroxamic acid is 100-1000 g/t, the dosage of butyl xanthate is 50-500 g/t, and the dosage of No. 2 oil is 30-150 g/t.
5. The method for reducing leaching acid consumption of a clay uranium ore according to claim 1, wherein: in the scavenging process, the dosage of kerosene is 20-200 g/t, the dosage of benzohydroxamic acid is 50-400 g/t, the dosage of butyl xanthate is 20-200 g/t, and the dosage of No. 2 oil is 30-150 g/t.
6. The method for reducing leaching acid consumption of a clay uranium ore according to claim 1, wherein: the acid leaching conditions are as follows: sulfuric acid is used as a leaching agent, the dosage of the leaching agent is 5-15% of the mass of uranium concentrate, and MnO is used2The oxidant is used, and the using amount of the oxidant is 0.5-3.0% of the mass of the uranium concentrate; the leaching temperature is 20-50 ℃, the solid-to-solid ratio of a leaching solution is 1.5-2.5 mL:1g, the stirring speed is 150-1000 r/min, and the leaching time is 1-12 h.
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