CN112774667A - Supported monatomic platinum catalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Supported monatomic platinum catalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112774667A
CN112774667A CN201911065053.0A CN201911065053A CN112774667A CN 112774667 A CN112774667 A CN 112774667A CN 201911065053 A CN201911065053 A CN 201911065053A CN 112774667 A CN112774667 A CN 112774667A
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platinum
precursor
preparation
catalyst
activated carbon
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关超阳
郭文雅
郎嘉良
赵刚
黄翟
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Taiyuan Hyperion New Material Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/42—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/8687—Organic components
    • B01J35/60—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

The invention specifically relates to a supported monatomic platinum catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: slowly dropwise adding a mixed solution of a reducing agent, an acidic solution and an organic solvent into a mixed solution of a platinum-containing precursor, a titanium precursor, activated carbon and the organic solvent in a low-temperature environment, continuously stirring and completely reacting after dropwise adding, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, carrying out suction filtration and washing, and drying to obtain the supported monatomic platinum catalyst. The preparation method is simple and easy to industrialize, and the prepared catalyst has the advantages that platinum is uniformly dispersed on a composite carrier of active carbon and nano titanium dioxide in an atomic form, VOCs can be oxidized and decomposed into carbon dioxide and water under the condition of normal temperature or normal temperature illumination mixing, the VOCs degradation efficiency is high, and the performance is stable.

Description

Supported monatomic platinum catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts and the field of VOCs pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a supported monatomic platinum catalyst, a preparation method thereof and application of the supported monatomic platinum catalyst in efficient catalytic degradation of VOCs at normal temperature.
Background
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) refer to Organic Compounds having a saturated vapor pressure at room temperature of more than 70Pa and a boiling point at normal pressure of less than 260 ℃, or all Organic Compounds having a corresponding volatility with a vapor pressure of more than or equal to 10Pa at 20 ℃. VOCs can be further classified into: alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, aldehydes, and others. More than 300 have been identified so far. Most common are benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, trichloroethylene, chloroform, trichloroethane, diisocyanate (TDI), diisocyanatophenyl ester, and the like. The emission of VOCs not only causes environmental problems such as greenhouse effect, ozone layer destruction, photochemical smog and the like, but also causes serious harm to human health. Therefore, how to efficiently and economically reduce the emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) has important significance for treating the atmospheric pollution in China.
The traditional VOCs degradation technology is usually carried out at high temperature and high pressure, the reaction conditions are harsh, the cost is high, and substances with higher toxicity such as dioxin, carbon monoxide and the like can be generated sometimes. The normal temperature catalytic oxidation technology is a technology for realizing the oxidative degradation of VOCs at room temperature by using active oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals generated after catalytic activation of oxygen, ozone and the like by a catalyst, has mild reaction conditions, no secondary pollution, low energy consumption and good treatment effect, and is considered to be the most promising VOCs degradation technology.
The selection of a proper high-activity catalyst is very important for the catalytic degradation of VOCs at normal temperature. The monatomic noble metal catalyst is a novel catalyst, and based on an atomic-level metal active component, the monatomic noble metal catalyst has great advantages in the aspects of maximizing the number of active sites, enhancing the selectivity of the target product, improving the inherent catalytic activity and reducing the amount of noble metal used. The commonly used preparation methods of noble metal atomic level active site catalysts include an impregnation method, a coprecipitation method, a photocatalytic method, an atomic layer deposition method and the like, but the traditional method has complex preparation process, large energy consumption and no environmental protection, and simultaneously, clusters are easily formed due to weak combination between metals and between the metals and carriers, so that the atom utilization rate is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a supported monatomic platinum catalyst taking active carbon and titanium dioxide as a composite carrier, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in normal-temperature degradation of VOCs.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a supported monatomic platinum catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps: slowly dropwise adding a mixed solution of a reducing agent, an acidic solution and an organic solvent into a mixed solution of a platinum-containing precursor, a titanium precursor, activated carbon and the organic solvent in a low-temperature environment, continuously stirring and completely reacting after dropwise adding, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, carrying out suction filtration and washing, and drying to obtain the supported monatomic platinum catalyst.
Preferably, the platinum precursor is a soluble salt of platinum.
Preferably, the titanium precursor is an alkoxide of titanium.
Preferably, the activated carbon is pretreated with nitric acid, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: adding 5-30 mL of 15-75% nitric acid aqueous solution into every 10g of activated carbon, soaking for 0.5-12 hours at 40-60 ℃, cooling to room temperature, washing with deionized water until the pH value of the solution is neutral, and drying in an oven at 50-100 ℃ for 12-24 hours.
Preferably, the reducing agent is any one or a mixture of at least two of sodium borohydride, hydrazine hydrate and ascorbic acid.
Preferably, the acidic solution is any one or more mixture of hydrochloric acid or glacial acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid aqueous solution.
Preferably, the concentration of the acidic solution is 1-5 mol/L.
Preferably, the organic solvent is any one or a mixture of more than one of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol.
Preferably, in the mixed solution of the platinum-containing precursor, the titanium precursor, the activated carbon and the organic solvent, the mass ratio of the titanium precursor to the platinum precursor to the activated carbon is (0.01-0.1): (0.001-0.01): 1.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the reducing agent to the platinum in the platinum precursor is (5-100): 1, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the acidic solution to the titanium precursor is (0.1-1 g): (1-5 mL).
Preferably, the reaction temperature is-10 to-60 ℃.
Preferably, the dropping speed is 1-10 mL/min.
Preferably, the temperature of ultrasonic treatment is 0-25 ℃, the ultrasonic frequency is 50-100 HZ, and the ultrasonic time is 10-30 min.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 50-100 ℃, and the drying time is 12-24 h.
The catalyst prepared by the method is used for oxidizing and decomposing VOCs into carbon dioxide and water at normal temperature.
Preferably, the VOCs are any one or a mixture of more than one of benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane and ethyl acetate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the preparation method, a mixed solution of a reducing agent, an acidic solution and an organic solvent is dropwise added into a mixed solution of a platinum-containing precursor, a titanium precursor, activated carbon and the organic solvent to react under a low-temperature environment, on one hand, the platinum precursor is reduced into monatomic platinum under the low-temperature environment, on the other hand, the titanium precursor is hydrolyzed into nano titanium dioxide under the acidic environment, and finally, the monatomic platinum is loaded on the surface of the activated carbon or the nano titanium dioxide. In the whole preparation reaction process, the synthesis steps of the catalyst are greatly simplified by a one-pot synthesis method; high-temperature calcination is not needed, so that energy consumption is saved; no toxic and harmful by-products are produced, and the method is green and environment-friendly.
2. According to the catalyst, the composite carrier of the activated carbon and the nano titanium dioxide is used for loading the monatomic platinum, the activated carbon has a high specific surface area and an abundant pore structure, the nano titanium dioxide can be adsorbed on the defects on the surface of the activated carbon, so that a group structure with abundant surface is formed, the monatomic platinum can be favorably adsorbed on the surface of the composite carrier without agglomeration, and the adsorption of the monatomic platinum on a substrate and the contact of the substrate and an active center in the reaction process are facilitated.
3. The catalyst can be used under the condition of normal temperature or normal temperature illumination mixing, VOCs are thoroughly catalytically degraded into CO2 and water, TiO2 serving as a photocatalyst and monatomic platinum serving as an atomic-level active site catalyst are synergistic under the condition of normal temperature illumination, the degradation of catalytic VOCs is accelerated, and the degradation rate can reach 99%; under the condition of normal temperature and no illumination, the monatomic platinum is used as an atomic-level active site catalyst, so that the degradation of the VOCs is stably carried out at a normal speed, and the degradation rate can reach 90%.
4. The catalyst provided by the invention can keep excellent stability for a long time, has a long service life, does not need to be frequently replaced, and greatly reduces the cost for degrading VOCs.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The preparation method of the supported monatomic platinum catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps of: slowly dropwise adding a mixed solution of a reducing agent, an acidic solution and an organic solvent into a mixed solution of a platinum-containing precursor, a titanium precursor, activated carbon and the organic solvent in a low-temperature environment, continuously stirring and completely reacting after dropwise adding, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, carrying out suction filtration and washing, and drying to obtain the supported monatomic platinum catalyst.
Preferably, the platinum precursor is a soluble salt of platinum, and may be any one or a mixture of more than one of H2PtCl4, H2PtCl6, K2PtCl6, Na2PtCl6, K2PtCl4, or Na2PtCl4, for example.
Preferably, the titanium precursor is a titanium alkoxide, and may be any one or a mixture of more than one of tetramethyl titanate, tetraethyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, n-butyl titanate, and tetraisobutyl titanate, for example.
Preferably, the activated carbon is pretreated by nitric acid to remove impurities on the surface of the activated carbon and form defects on the surface of the activated carbon, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: adding 5-30 mL of 15-75% nitric acid aqueous solution into every 10g of activated carbon, soaking for 0.5-12 hours at 40-60 ℃, cooling to room temperature, washing with deionized water until the pH value of the solution is neutral, and drying in an oven at 50-100 ℃ for 12-24 hours.
Preferably, the reducing agent is any one or a mixture of at least two of sodium borohydride, hydrazine hydrate and ascorbic acid.
Preferably, the acidic solution is one or more of hydrochloric acid, glacial acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, and the titanium alkoxide is completely hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to obtain stable, uniform and transparent titanium dioxide sol.
Preferably, the concentration of the acidic solution is 1-5 mol/L.
Preferably, the organic solvent is any one or a mixture of more than one of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol.
Preferably, in the mixed solution of the platinum-containing precursor, the titanium precursor, the activated carbon and the organic solvent, the mass ratio of the titanium precursor to the platinum precursor to the activated carbon is (0.01-0.1): (0.001-0.01): 1.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the reducing agent to the platinum in the platinum precursor is (5-100): 1, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the acidic solution to the titanium precursor is (0.1-1 g): (1-5 mL).
Preferably, the reaction temperature is-10 to-60 ℃.
Preferably, the dropping speed is 1-10 mL/min.
Preferably, the temperature of ultrasonic treatment is 0-25 ℃, the ultrasonic frequency is 50-100 HZ, and the ultrasonic time is 10-30 min.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 50-100 ℃, and the drying time is 12-24 h.
The catalyst prepared by the method is used for oxidizing and decomposing VOCs into carbon dioxide and water under the condition of normal temperature or normal temperature illumination.
Preferably, the VOCs are any one or a mixture of more than one of benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane and ethyl acetate.
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Weighing 10g of activated carbon carrier, adding the activated carbon carrier into 20mL of 30 wt% nitric acid aqueous solution, heating to 50 ℃, soaking for 2h, cooling to room temperature, washing with deionized water until the pH of the solution is neutral, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12h to obtain the pretreated activated carbon.
Example 2
(1) Adding 10g of pretreated activated carbon, 0.1g of tetrabutyl titanate and 0.01g of chloroplatinic acid into 100mL of ethanol, fully stirring, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution 1;
(2) adding 2mL of 4mol/L hydrochloric acid and 5mL of hydrazine hydrate into 20mL of ethanol, fully stirring, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution 2;
(3) dropwise adding the mixed solution 2 into the mixed solution 1 at the rate of 1mL/min at the temperature of-60 ℃, continuously stirring and reacting for 2h after dropwise adding is finished, then heating to the normal temperature, carrying out 50HZ ultrasonic treatment for 10min, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 3 times by using a mixed solvent of deionized water and ethanol, and drying in an oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 12h to obtain the supported monatomic platinum catalyst.
Comparative example 1
(1) Adding 10g of pretreated activated carbon and 0.01g of chloroplatinic acid into 100mL of ethanol, fully stirring, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution 1;
(2) adding 2mL of 4mol/L hydrochloric acid and 5mL of hydrazine hydrate into 20mL of ethanol, fully stirring, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution 2;
(3) dropwise adding the mixed solution 2 into the mixed solution 1 at the rate of 1mL/min at the temperature of-60 ℃, continuously stirring and reacting for 2h after dropwise adding is finished, then heating to the normal temperature, carrying out 50HZ ultrasonic treatment for 10min, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 3 times by using a mixed solvent of deionized water and ethanol, and drying in an oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 12h to obtain the supported monatomic platinum catalyst.
Comparative example 2
(1) Adding 10g of pretreated activated carbon, 0.1g of tetrabutyl titanate and 0.01g of chloroplatinic acid into 100mL of ethanol, fully stirring, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution 1;
(2) adding 2mL of 4mol/L hydrochloric acid and 5mL of hydrazine hydrate into 20mL of ethanol, fully stirring, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution 2;
(3) dropwise adding the mixed solution 2 into the mixed solution 1 at the rate of 1mL/min at the temperature of 20 ℃, continuously stirring and reacting for 2h after dropwise adding is finished, then heating to the normal temperature, carrying out 50HZ ultrasonic treatment for 10min, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 3 times by using a mixed solvent of deionized water and ethanol, and drying in an oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 12h to obtain the supported nano platinum catalyst.
The evaluation of the performance of the catalysts prepared in example 2 and comparative examples 1-2 for catalytically degrading VOCs was carried out in a quartz tube having an inner diameter of 20mm and a length of 400 mm. The catalyst is filled in a quartz tube, the dosage of the catalyst is 1g, VOCs containing benzene 200ppm, toluene 600ppm, dimethylbenzene 200ppm, cyclohexane 600ppm and ethyl acetate 600ppm are respectively introduced for catalytic degradation, the reaction is carried out under the conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.1Mpa, the space velocity is 2000h < -1 >, a xenon lamp is used as a light source and the reaction temperature is 25 ℃, an Agilent 6890 type gas chromatograph is used for timely and online analysis of the concentrations of organic matters and CO2 in reaction gas tail gas, the concentration of CO2 in the reaction tail gas is detected by TCD, and the concentration of the organic matters is detected by FID.
The treatment results of the catalysts prepared in example 2 and comparative examples 1-2 for catalytically degrading VOCs under the condition of light at normal temperature are shown in Table 1, and the activity test results show that the catalysts have obvious removal capability on benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane and ethyl acetate.
Table 1 results of the activity of the catalyst of the present invention to degrade organic substances.
Figure BDA0002259055520000061
The evaluation of the performance of the catalysts prepared in example 2 and comparative examples 1-2 for catalytically degrading VOCs was carried out in a quartz tube having an inner diameter of 20mm and a length of 400 mm. The catalyst is filled in a quartz tube, the dosage of the catalyst is 1g, VOCs containing benzene 200ppm, toluene 600ppm, dimethylbenzene 200ppm, cyclohexane 600ppm and ethyl acetate 600ppm are respectively introduced for catalytic degradation, the reaction is carried out under the conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.1Mpa, the space velocity is 2000h < -1 > and the reaction temperature is 25 ℃, an Agilent 6890 type gas chromatograph is used for timely and online analysis of the concentrations of organic matters and CO2 in the reaction gas tail gas, the TCD is used for detecting the concentration of CO2 in the reaction tail gas, and the FID is used for detecting the concentration of the organic matters.
The treatment results of the catalysts prepared in example 2 and comparative examples 1-2 for catalytically degrading VOCs under the conditions of normal temperature and no light are shown in Table 1, and the activity test results show that the catalysts have certain removal capacity for benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane and ethyl acetate.
Table 2 results of the activity of the catalyst of the present invention to degrade organic materials.
Figure BDA0002259055520000071
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and inventive concepts according to the present invention are equivalent or changed and shall be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a supported monatomic platinum catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps: slowly dropwise adding a mixed solution of a reducing agent, an acidic solution and an organic solvent into a mixed solution of a platinum-containing precursor, a titanium precursor, activated carbon and the organic solvent in a low-temperature environment, continuously stirring and completely reacting after dropwise adding, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, carrying out suction filtration and washing, and drying to obtain the supported monatomic platinum catalyst.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the platinum precursor is a soluble salt of platinum, the titanium precursor is an alkoxide of titanium, the reducing agent is one or a mixture of at least two of sodium borohydride, hydrazine hydrate and ascorbic acid, the acidic solution is one or a mixture of at least two of hydrochloric acid, an aqueous solution of glacial acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, and the organic solvent is one or a mixture of at least one of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the acidic solution is 1 to 5 mol/L.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon is pretreated with nitric acid.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the mixed solution of the platinum-containing precursor, the titanium precursor, the activated carbon and the organic solvent, the mass ratio of the titanium precursor to the platinum precursor to the activated carbon is (0.01-0.1): (0.001-0.01): 1.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the reducing agent to platinum in the platinum precursor is (5-100): 1, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the acidic solution to the titanium precursor is (0.1-1 g): (1-5 mL).
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is-10 to-60 ℃.
8. The supported monatomic platinum catalyst produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The use of the supported monatomic platinum catalyst of claim 8, wherein the supported monatomic platinum catalyst is used to oxidatively decompose VOCs to carbon dioxide and water in the absence of light at ambient temperature or in the presence of light at ambient temperature.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the VOCs are any one or a mixture of more than one of benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane and ethyl acetate.
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Application publication date: 20210511