CN112773358A - 一种血钾浓度在线检测装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种血钾浓度在线检测装置,由中空深静脉导管(1)、薄膜型钾离子传感探头(2)、信号采集导线(3)、封闭元件(4)和外信号转换器(5)组成;其中薄膜型钾离子传感探头(2)固定在中空深静脉导管(1)外壁端口顶部,信号采集导线(3)连接薄膜型钾离子传感探头(2)的底部触点并贴合在中空静脉导管(1)外壁,信号采集导线(3)与外信号转换器(5)连接,封闭元件(4)对薄膜型钾离子传感探头(2)及信号采集导线(3)进行封闭。该装置结构简易,可实现快速、连续的血钾浓度在线监测功能,从而极大提高重大手术患者围术期安全及疑难危重患者的救治水平。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种血液中钾离子浓度的在线检测装置,可用于医疗诊断中全血钾离子成分浓度的快速即时的在线检测。
背景技术
现代医学手术中,特别是大型手术或者危重疑难患者手术中,体内内环境的监测在保障患者围术期安全中,具有极其重要的作用。而内环境的监测中,重要离子浓度的监测是其中的关键环节。钾离子在人体的正常生理活动,尤其是心脏的电生理活动中尤为关键。正常血液中的钾离子浓度在0.3-0.5mmol/L,过低或者过高都会对正常的人体生理产生极大的负性作用。现有的血液中离子检测主要以血气分析为主,存在以下弊端:1.从血液抽取到检出结果需要3-5min不等,具有一定的滞后性;2.检测的时间为点时间检测,无法做到实时动态的监测;因此临床中因为钾离子的监测不及时屡屡发生危机患者生命安全的严重医疗事件。
相较于血气分析这一传统的点时间性监测手段,传感薄膜型钾离子监测是一种新型的连续检测技术。电化学传感技术利用特质的薄膜电极,通过目标物质在电极表面形成的特异性电化学反应产生电子信号以实现浓度检测。该技术为原位检测技术,无需另加化学物质,干扰较小、准确度好、速度快,是一种高效的生化分析手段。其通过探头中传感薄膜的电化学作用原理将血液内钾离子浓度值与电信号值相关联,因此血钾浓度的改变直接对应于电信号的改变,所采集的信号经运算处理后,可连续性地监测血液中钾离子浓度变化,大大缩短原有监测方法所用时间;同时持续性的动态监测能够为临床处理提供更加及时精准的反馈,有助于临床处理措施的调整,最大限度保障患者安全。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于为人体内环境钾离子的监测提供一种快速、实时且可连续监测而提出了一种血钾浓度在线检测装置。该装置操作便捷、灵敏度高,适用于大型手术或者危重疑难患者救治,具有良好的医用前景。
本发明的技术方案为:一种血钾浓度在线检测装置,其特征在于:该装置由中空深静脉导管1、薄膜型钾离子传感探头2、信号采集导线3、封闭元件4和外信号转换器5组成;其中薄膜型钾离子传感探头2固定在中空深静脉导管1外壁端口顶部,信号采集导线3连接薄膜型钾离子传感探头2的底部触点并贴合在中空静脉导管1外壁,信号采集导线3与外信号转换器5连接,封闭元件4对薄膜型钾离子传感探头2及信号采集导线3进行封闭。
中空深静脉导管1为薄膜型钾离子传感探头2载体,中空静脉导管1前后两端均为开放且管径一致,前端经深静脉(包括颈内静脉,股静脉,锁骨下静脉等)置入人体内环境,后端接医用输液袋;薄膜型钾离子传感探头2通过生物树脂固定在中空深静脉导管1外壁端口顶部,随深静脉导管置入体内环境,并负责将体内环境钾离子浓度信号转换为相应的电信号;信号采集导线3连接薄膜型钾离子传感探头2的底部触点并贴合在中空静脉导管1外壁,检测信号由信号采集导线3传送至外信号转换器5并进行信号处理分析动态输出血钾浓度值,可实现对体内环境中钾离子的动态监测;封闭元件4对薄膜型钾离子传感探头2及信号采集导线3进行封闭,与周边环境绝缘,防止污染血液或对检测结果产生干扰。
薄膜型钾离子传感探头2为印刷芯片,由工作电极6、参比电极7及对电极8组成,三个电极彼此不相碰触,参比电极7及对电极8分置于工作电极6的左右两边;可将血液中组分浓度信号通过化学反应转化为电信号。优选所述的工作电极6为正方形,其边长为0.5-2mm,其材料为石墨烯、金、银、铂、聚合物或无机配合物;优选对电极7为L形,其中横线部分长度为0.1-2mm,竖线部分长度为0.2-2mm,材料为石墨、金、银或铜;优选参比电极8为长条形,长度为0.1-2mm,材料为金、银、铂或氯化银;对电极7、参比电极8与工作电极6之间距离为0.1-2mm。
优选所述中空深静脉导管1材料为天然橡胶、医用聚酯或玻璃;其管径为0.2-0.3cm,长度为10-30cm。
所述信号采集导线3与薄膜型钾离子传感探头2及外信号转换器5相连,用于将传感信号传输至转换器内进行分析,其中信号采集导线3与薄膜型钾离子传感探头2末端接口相连。
优选所述的信号采集导线3的材料为金、银、铂或铜中的一种;长度为5-40cm;
所述的封闭元件4对薄膜型钾离子传感探头2、信号采集导线3的体内导线部分进行封闭用于与周边环境隔绝,且传感原件集成导线深入薄膜型钾离子传感探头2内部至膜底端。优选所述的封闭元件4的材质为橡胶、天然树脂或医用乳胶;长度为1-5cm。
有益效果:
本发明基于电化学生物传感技术,设计制备一种血液中钾离子浓度的在线检测装置。该发明的装置集成中空深静脉导管、薄膜型钾离子传感探头、信号采集导线、封闭元件以及外信号转换器,用以监测深静脉血液中钾离子浓度。该装置结构可靠,具有快速,即时,连续在线监测钾离子的功能,从而极大提高重大手术患者围术期安全及疑难危重患者的救治水平。
附图说明
图1为一种血液同步分离检验装置的结构示意图,图中:1-中空深静脉导管;2-薄膜型钾离子传感探头;3-信号采集导线;4-封闭元件;5-外信号转换器。
图2为图1中2-薄膜型钾离子传感探头的详细结构图,图中6-工作电极;7-对电极;8-参比电极。
具体实施方式
实施例1
参照图1,对本发明的一种血钾浓度在线检测装置的结构进行阐述
本装置由以下部分组成:中空深静脉导管1为传感探头载体,其前后两端均为开放,前端刺穿皮肤与肌肉,置入深静脉内,后端接医用输液袋;薄膜型钾离子传感探头2利用生物树脂固定在中空深静脉导管1外壁端口处,随其进入静脉,信号采集导线3连接薄膜型钾离子传感探头2的底部触点并贴合在中空静脉导管1外壁,检测信号由信号采集导线3传送至外信号转换器5并进行信号处理输出血钾浓度值;封闭元件4对薄膜型钾离子传感探头2及信号采集导线3进行封闭,与周边环境绝缘,防止污染血液或对检测结果产生干扰。薄膜型钾离子传感探头2由工作电极6、参比电极7及对电极8组成,三个电极彼此不相碰触,参比电极7及对电极8分置于工作电极6的左右两边,如图2所示。
实施例2
参照附图,所述中空深静脉导管1材料可为天然橡胶,其底部直径为0.2cm,长度为30cm。
所述薄膜型钾离子传感探头2中的工作电极6边长为0.5mm,其材料可为石墨烯;对电极7L形横线部分长度为0.1mm,竖线部分长度为0.2mm,材料为石墨;参比电极8宽度为0.1mm,材料为金。对电极7、参比电极8与工作电极6之间距离为0.1mm。
所述信号采集导线3的材料为金,其长度为5cm。
所述封闭元件4的材质为橡胶,长度为1cm。
在该条件下,血钾初步检测指标如下:
灵敏度 | 4μA/mM |
检测极限 | 0.01mM |
线性范围 | 1.2-8mM |
实施例3
参照附图,所述中空深静脉导管1材料可为医用聚酯,其底部直径为0.3cm,长度为10cm。
所述薄膜型钾离子传感探头2中的工作电极6边长为2mm,其材料可为金;对电极7L形横线部分长度为2mm,竖线部分长度为2mm,材料为金;参比电极8宽度为2mm,材料为银。对电极7、参比电极8与工作电极6之间距离为2mm。
所述信号采集导线3的材料为银,其长度为40cm。
所述封闭元件4的材质为天然树脂,长度为5cm。
在该条件下,血钾初步检测指标如下:
灵敏度 | 10μA/mM |
检测极限 | 0.01mM |
线性范围 | 0.2-6mM |
实施例4
参照附图,所述中空深静脉导管1材料可为玻璃,其底部直径为0.25cm,长度为15cm。
所述薄膜型钾离子传感探头2中的工作电极6边长为1mm,其材料可为铜;对电极7L形横线部分长度为1mm,竖线部分长度为1mm,材料为氯化银;参比电极8宽度为1mm,材料为铂。对电极7、参比电极8与工作电极6之间距离为0.5mm。
所述信号采集导线3的材料为铂,其长度为10cm。
所述封闭元件4的材质为医用乳胶,长度为3cm。
在该条件下,血钾初步检测指标如下:
灵敏度 | 6μA/mM |
检测极限 | 0.01mM |
线性范围 | 0.5-9mM |
实施例5
参照附图,所述中空深静脉导管1材料可为天然橡胶,其底部直径为0.22cm,长度为26cm。
所述薄膜型钾离子传感探头2中的工作电极6边长为0.7mm,其材料可为聚合物;对电极7L形横线部分长度为0.5mm,竖线部分长度为1.2mm,材料为铜;参比电极8宽度为0.15mm,材料为铂。对电极7、参比电极8与工作电极6之间距离为1.2mm。
所述信号采集导线3的材料为铜,其长度为25cm。
所述封闭元件4的材质为橡胶,长度为2cm。
在该条件下,血钾初步检测指标如下:
灵敏度 | 9μA/mM |
检测极限 | 0.05mM |
线性范围 | 2-11mM |
实施例6
参照附图,对本发明的一种钾离子在线检测装置工作原理进行描述。
本发明将生物传感原理用于临床术中插管步骤以实现低侵入式的血液中钾离子的动态在线检测。薄膜型钾离子传感探头附于导管尖端外壁,随深静脉置管置入体内环境,血液中的钾离子会与传感探头发生电化学反应,将体内环境钾离子浓度信号转换为相应的电信号,信号采集导线经封闭元件封闭内环境后连接薄膜型钾离子传感探头的末端接口,并接至外部的外信号转换器,外信号转换器将所采集的电信号进行处理分析动态输出血钾浓度数值,可实现对体内环境中钾离子的动态监测。
Claims (6)
1.一种血钾浓度在线检测装置,其特征在于:该装置由中空深静脉导管(1)、薄膜型钾离子传感探头(2)、信号采集导线(3)、封闭元件(4)和外信号转换器(5)组成;其中薄膜型钾离子传感探头(2)固定在中空深静脉导管(1)外壁端口顶部,信号采集导线(3)连接薄膜型钾离子传感探头(2)的底部触点并贴合在中空静脉导管(1)外壁,信号采集导线(3)与外信号转换器(5)连接,封闭元件(4)对薄膜型钾离子传感探头(2)及信号采集导线(3)进行封闭。
2.根据权利要求1所述的血钾浓度在线检测装置,其特征在于:薄膜型钾离子传感探头(2)由工作电极(6)、参比电极(7)及对电极(8)组成,三个电极彼此不相碰触,参比电极(7)及对电极(8)分置于工作电极(6)的左右两边。
3.根据权利要求2所述的血钾浓度在线检测装置,其特征在于:所述的工作电极(6)为正方形,其边长为0.5-2mm,其材料为石墨烯、金、银、铂、聚合物或无机配合物;对电极(7)为L形,其中横线部分长度为0.1-2mm,竖线部分长度为0.2-2mm,材料为石墨、金、银或铜;参比电极(8)为长条形,长度为0.1-2mm,材料为金、银、铂或氯化银;对电极(7)、参比电极(8)与工作电极(6)之间距离为0.1-2mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的血钾浓度在线检测装置,其特征在于:所述中空深静脉导管(1)材料为天然橡胶、医用聚酯或玻璃;其管径为0.2-0.3cm,长度为10-30cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的血钾浓度在线检测装置,其特征在于:所述的信号采集导线(3)的材料为金、银、铂或铜中的一种;长度为5-40cm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的血液中钾离子监测装置,其特征在于:所述的封闭元件(4)的材质为橡胶、天然树脂或医用乳胶;长度为1-5cm。
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