CN112772410A - Method for screening high-temperature-resistant corn material based on flowering characteristics - Google Patents
Method for screening high-temperature-resistant corn material based on flowering characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/46—Gramineae or Poaceae, e.g. ryegrass, rice, wheat or maize
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y02A40/138—Plants tolerant to heat
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn breeding, and particularly relates to a method for screening a corn high-temperature-resistant material based on flowering characteristics. The technical scheme comprises the following steps: a. sowing the materials to be screened to ensure that the materials are in high-temperature weather in the flowering phase; b. measuring pollen activity, bract discharging rate of filaments and pollen-dispersing and filament-discharging interval period of the material to be screened in the flowering period; c. selecting the material with the pollen activity of more than or equal to 40 percent, the bract discharging rate of the filament of more than or equal to 75 percent and the interval period of the pollen scattering and the silk spraying of less than or equal to 4 days as the high-temperature resistant material. The method provided by the invention is used for identifying and screening the high-temperature-resistant corn material, and can be used for screening based on the characters in the early flowering characteristics, so that the time cost can be shortened. And the method has high accuracy and efficiency, and solves the problems of difficult screening and identification, low efficiency and poor repeatability of the heat-resistant corn material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn breeding, and particularly relates to a method for screening a corn high-temperature-resistant material based on flowering characteristics.
Background
Climate warming is a global hotspot problem, and it is expected that at the end of the 21 st century, air temperature will rise by 0.3-6.4 ℃ (IPCC, 2014), which will negatively impact agricultural production (Ju et al, 2013; challinnor et al, 2014). Extreme high temperatures often occur in the reproductive process of corn (Zea mays L.), and as the sensitivity of the reproductive stage of the corn to high temperatures is obviously higher than that of the nutritional stage, the quantity of crop seeds is greatly reduced, and serious yield reduction is caused (Hedhly et al, 2009; Wang et al, 2019; Lohani et al, 2020). Of all the stages of fertility, the flowering phase is the most sensitive to thermal effects, with the highest impact on the number of grains per ear of corn when exposed to high temperatures during flowering (Cicchino et al; 2010). Therefore, the development of the screening work of the high-temperature-resistant corn materials in the flowering period is the key of the excavation of the heat-resistant corn materials and the innovation of heat-resistant germplasm.
The development and flowering process of the male and female ears of the corn material can be obviously changed under the stress of high temperature. Temperatures in excess of 30.5 ℃ accelerate heading and pollen shedding times (Schoper et al, 1987;), but have less effect on spinning, thus prolonging the flowering-spinning interval (ASI) (Rattarino et al, 2011; Lizanso et al, 2018). Anthers fail to crack at temperatures above 36 ℃ and pollen shed is significantly reduced (Wang et al, 2019), while pollen viability is greatly reduced at temperatures above 38 ℃ due to interference with maize pollen structure and composition (Herrero and Johnson, 1980; Carberry et al, 1989). The heat-treated silks were supplied with unheated fresh pollen and heat-treated for 15 days, the number of seeds was reduced by 60% or more (Cicchino et al; 2010). Heat stress for a shorter time after silking may also lead to kernel abortion and a reduction in kernel number (Sehgal et al, 2018).
The corn yield character is a comprehensive character, the corn yield is influenced by a series of climate factors of illumination, temperature and soil moisture content in the reproductive development process and the soil environment, even under relatively stable high-temperature treatment, the difference of other weather factors (such as drought) in different years can cause great variability of the yield among varieties, and further influence on the yield to different degrees, so that the high-temperature resistant character is screened through the yield character, a field test for multiple years and multiple points is required, and the stable and reliable high-temperature resistant corn material is difficult to screen only by 1-2 growing seasons. And set up high temperature through the flowering phase and appraise the flowering characteristic, the performance of flowering characteristic is mainly influenced by the high temperature of flowering phase, can not be disturbed by the meteorological factor after the flower, appraisal result is more stable and accurate than the yield trait, and the flowering phase is appraised and can be selected heat-resisting material fast, need not wait for the fruit cluster to mature, shortens the selection time, improves the selection efficiency. Therefore, the development of the high-temperature-resistant screening work in the flowering phase is an identification method which can improve the selection precision and efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for screening high-temperature-resistant corn materials based on flowering characteristics.
The technical scheme of the invention is a method for screening a high-temperature-resistant corn material based on flowering characteristics, which comprises the following steps:
a. sowing the materials to be screened, and enabling the materials to be screened to be in a high-temperature weather in a flowering phase;
b. measuring pollen activity, bract discharging rate of filaments and pollen-dispersing and filament-discharging interval period of the material to be screened in the flowering period;
c. selecting the material with the pollen activity of more than or equal to 40 percent, the bract discharging rate of the filament of more than or equal to 75 percent and the interval period of the pollen scattering and the silk spraying of less than or equal to 4 days as the high-temperature resistant material.
Preferably, in step c, the pollen activity is more than or equal to 50%.
Preferably, in the step c, the interval period of the loose powder spinning is less than or equal to 2 days.
Most preferably, in the step c, the pollen activity is more than or equal to 50%, the bract spitting rate of the filaments is more than or equal to 75%, and the interval period of the pollen scattering and the silk spitting is less than or equal to 2 days.
Specifically, in the step b, the pollen viability is measured by adopting a TTC staining method.
Specifically, in the step a, the high-temperature weather means that the average temperature of the material in the flowering phase is higher than 35 ℃.
Specifically, in the step a, the seeding is a field or a built greenhouse.
In the step a, the sowing time is from the bottom of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months.
Specifically, in the step c, the selfing setting rate of the high-temperature resistant material is more than or equal to 75%.
When the index range of the pollen activity critical value is screened, if the index range is too high, a part of high-temperature resistant materials can be missed, and if the index range is too low, non-high-temperature resistant materials can be selected.
When the index range of the bud ratio critical value of the filament is screened, if the index range is too high, a part of high-temperature resistant materials may be leaked, and if the index range is too low, non-high-temperature resistant materials are selected.
When the index range of the interval period critical value of the loose powder spinning is screened, if the interval period is set to be too short, a part of high-temperature-resistant materials can be leaked, and if the interval period is set to be too long, non-high-temperature-resistant materials can be selected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the correlation between the flowering characteristics and the maturing rate is analyzed through the early-stage preliminary experiment process, and the shape with high correlation is obtained through screening. Further according to the actual needs of breeding targets, reliable screening standards of various related traits are determined through experiments. And the accuracy and reliability of the method are verified through an expansion experiment. The method provided by the invention is used for identifying and screening the high-temperature-resistant corn material, and can be used for screening based on the characters in the early flowering characteristics, so that the time cost can be shortened. And the method has high accuracy and efficiency, solves the problems of difficult screening and identification, low efficiency and poor repeatability of the heat-resistant corn material, and provides support for the excavation of the heat-resistant corn material and the breeding of heat-resistant varieties.
Detailed Description
Example 1 correlation analysis of flowering characteristic and setting percentage under high-temperature environment
In 2019, the corn material was sown at the bottom of 5 months, 2 replicates were set and arranged in random blocks, and 20 plants were planted in each replicate. The flowering period of the material is between 7 months bottom and 8 months top, and the maximum daily temperature in the period is 35.6 ℃ on average. Correlation analysis is carried out on the flowering characteristic characters of 20 inbred lines (table 1) under high-temperature treatment in the sowing period and the inbred seed setting rate of the material, and the inbred seed setting rate is found to be in a positive correlation with the bud leaf silking rate (correlation coefficient 0.66) and the pollen activity (correlation coefficient 0.59), to be in a negative correlation with the pollen-scattering silking interval period (correlation coefficient-0.53) and to be in an insignificant correlation with other characters (table 2).
Table 1 20 parts of inbred material and sources for the experiments
| Numbering | Name of Material | Source |
| 1 | PH6WC | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 2 | Zheng 58 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 3 | PH4CV | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 4 | Chang 7-2 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 5 | Qi 319 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 6 | 11KS198 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 7 | PF5411-1 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 8 | S273 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 9 | BML1277 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 10 | BML1222 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 11 | Yu P727 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 12 | Yu P54 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 13 | B31-3 | Chongqing city agricultureProvision of scientific college |
| 14 | Yu P2013 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 15 | ML1121 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 16 | ML1116 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 17 | YA8201 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 18 | Guang 2 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 19 | 13YN197 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
| 20 | 13HN1697-1 | Supply of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing City |
TABLE 2 correlation analysis of flowering characteristics with material selfing setting rates
| Investigating character | Correlation |
| Powder for long period (Tian) | 0.18 |
| Interval period (sky) of loose powder and spinning | -0.53* |
| Tassel spike cracking rate (%) | 0.21 |
| Pollen viability (%) | 0.59* |
| Percentage of filament discharged from bract (%) | 0.66* |
| Number of tassel and small ear | 0.15 |
| Number of branches of tassel at one time | 0.12 |
| Length of tassel | -0.08 |
Example 2 screening of flowering characteristics under high temperature Environment
And (3) selecting the flowering characteristics with high correlation with the selfing fructification rate obtained in the embodiment 1, and further determining indexes of the characteristics.
And selecting the grain number per ear as a final reference index of breeding in view of high-temperature stress yield reduction. Therefore, the selfing maturing rate is more than or equal to 75 percent and is used as the screening standard of the high-temperature resistant material. If the standard is too high, the materials meeting the standard are difficult to screen, and if the standard is too low, the production reduction is too serious, and the materials have no production use value. The establishment of the index simultaneously considers the yield reduction risk which can be tolerated by field production varieties under the stress of adversity and the scarcity of high-temperature resistant materials in the existing germplasm resources of the corn. Only 3 parts of the corn material treated at high temperature according to example 1 had a setting percentage of 75% or more, the proportion being 15%).
1. Screening of corn pollen activity index
In a high-temperature environment, 20 parts of pollen of a corn material (which is the material used in example 1) is taken at 9 o' clock in the morning, the activity of the pollen is determined by a TTC dyeing method, a corn hybrid Yudan No. 8 with strong heat resistance is used as a test seed, 5 test seeds are respectively pollinated by the material, and the test cross setting rate is calculated. The method is characterized in that a material crossing maturing rate is greater than or equal to 75% and is used as a heat-resistant material, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% of pollen viability detected by a TTC dyeing method are respectively used as critical values for identifying the heat-resistant material, crossing maturing rates of materials which are lower than or equal to the critical value of the pollen viability and accuracy and omission rate of selection in the heat-resistant material are analyzed (table 3), and results show that when the critical value of the pollen viability is selected to be 50%, the accuracy of identification of the heat-resistant material is the highest (100%) and the omission rate is the lowest (0%). In order to ensure lower miss rate and higher identification accuracy, the selection standard is that the pollen activity is more than or equal to 50%.
TABLE 3 accuracy and omission ratio of screening heat-resistant materials corresponding to different critical values of pollen viability
2. Screening of index of filament discharge rate of bract
Under high-temperature treatment, the interval period of loose powder silking and the selfing setting rate of 20 parts of corn material (the material used in example 1) are compared, the crossing setting rate of the material corresponding to the cut-off rate of the silking bud-out rate and the accuracy and the omission ratio of the selection of the heat-resistant material (table 4) are analyzed, and the result shows that when the cut-off rate of the silking bud-out rate is 75%, the accuracy (75%) of the identification of the heat-resistant material is higher and the omission ratio is lower (0%). In order to ensure lower miss rate and higher identification accuracy, the selection standard is that the bud-spitting rate of the filament is more than or equal to 75 percent.
TABLE 4 accuracy and miss rate of screening heat-resistant material corresponding to critical value of bud-discharging rate of different filaments
3. And (4) screening indexes of interval periods of loose powder spinning.
Under high-temperature treatment, the interval period of loose powder spinning and the selfing setting rate of 20 parts of corn material (the material used in example 1) are compared, the cross-pollination setting rate of the material corresponding to the critical value of the interval period of loose powder spinning and the accuracy and the omission ratio of the heat-resistant material are analyzed (table 5), and the result shows that when the critical value of the interval period of loose powder spinning is selected for 2 days, the accuracy of identifying the heat-resistant material is the highest (100%) and the omission ratio is the lowest (0%). In order to ensure lower miss-selection rate and higher identification accuracy, the selection standard is that the interval period of the loose powder spinning is less than or equal to 2 days.
TABLE 5 accuracy and miss rate of heat-resistant material screening corresponding to different interval critical values of powder-scattering and spinning
Example 3 evaluation of Heat resistance of 210 parts of DH materials by means of development characteristic screening index
210 maize DH lines (DH lines are pure lines produced by haploid breeding technology) were planted at 25.6.2020, and the specific information and sources are shown in Table 7. And the DH series materials are subjected to high temperature resistance identification, and the time for taking out the male part of 210 parts of materials is 8 months, 10-8 months and 23 days. The average daily maximum temperature at the test station during this time was 35.2 ℃. Statistics were made on pollen viability, the rate of silks spitting out bracts, and the interval between loose and silking of these materials. According to the opening characteristic identification standards (pollen activity is more than or equal to 50%, bract-spitting rate is more than or equal to 75% and the interval period of loose powder and silking is less than or equal to 2 days) determined in the examples 1 and 2, the heat-resistant materials are preliminarily judged to be 26 parts in total, and the specific table is shown in table 8. And selfing all DH lines, and counting the selfing and fruiting rate after fruiting. The final maturing rate is more than or equal to 75 percent and is taken as a high-temperature resistant corn material, and the accuracy rate and the selection omission rate of the identification method are counted. The average maturing rate of 210 parts of DH material is 26.0%, the maturing rate of 24 parts of corn material is more than or equal to 75% (high temperature resistant corn material), and 26 parts of high temperature resistant corn material is screened according to the identification standards that the pollen activity is more than or equal to 50%, the bract discharging rate of bract is more than or equal to 75% and the interval period of loose powder and silking is less than or equal to 2 days (the specific information is shown in Table 8). Evaluating according to the final selfing maturing rate of 75%, wherein 1 part of high temperature resistant corn material is missed, the number is 53, the code of DH line is 1707081015, the pollen activity is 60%, the bud-leaf discharging rate of bract is 71.5%, the interval period of loose powder and silking is 1.5 days, and the selfing maturing rate is 78.5%; 3 parts of high-temperature resistant corn material are selected by mistake, and the material numbers are 63, 113 and 195 respectively. It can be seen that the accuracy of the identification is 88.9% and the miss rate is 4.2% (table 6).
TABLE 6 accuracy and miss-rate of identification and statistical parameters of test samples
TABLE 7 information on 210 maize DH lines to be screened
TABLE 8 prescreening of Heat-resistant DH line messages
Claims (8)
1. A method for screening a high-temperature-resistant corn material based on flowering characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. sowing the materials to be screened to ensure that the materials are in high-temperature weather in the flowering phase; b. measuring pollen activity, bract discharging rate of filaments and pollen-dispersing and filament-discharging interval period of the material to be screened in the flowering period; c. selecting the material with the pollen activity of more than or equal to 40 percent, the bract discharging rate of the filament of more than or equal to 75 percent and the interval period of the pollen scattering and the silk spraying of less than or equal to 4 days as the high-temperature resistant material.
2. The method for screening high temperature resistant corn material based on flowering characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pollen viability is not less than 50% in step c.
3. The method for screening high temperature resistant corn material based on flowering characteristics as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in step c, the interval between the loose powder and the silking is 2 days or less.
4. The method for screening corn high-temperature resistant materials based on flowering characteristics as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step b, the pollen viability is measured by TTC staining.
5. The method for screening the high-temperature-resistant corn material based on the flowering characteristics as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step a, the high-temperature weather means that the average temperature of the material in the flowering period is higher than 35 ℃.
6. The method for screening the high-temperature-resistant corn materials based on the flowering characteristics as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step a, the seeding is carried out in a field or a constructed greenhouse.
7. The method for screening the high temperature resistant corn material based on the flowering characteristics according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step a, the sowing time is from the bottom of 5 months to the top of 6 months.
8. The method for screening the corn high-temperature resistant material based on the flowering characteristics as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step c, the self-maturing rate of the high-temperature resistant material is not less than 75%.
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| CN116548294A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-08-08 | 中国农业大学 | Method for evaluating high temperature resistance of corn |
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