CN112769710A - Router and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Router and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112769710A CN112769710A CN202110083765.6A CN202110083765A CN112769710A CN 112769710 A CN112769710 A CN 112769710A CN 202110083765 A CN202110083765 A CN 202110083765A CN 112769710 A CN112769710 A CN 112769710A
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- router
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/38—Flow based routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/26—Flow control; Congestion control using explicit feedback to the source, e.g. choke packets
- H04L47/263—Rate modification at the source after receiving feedback
Abstract
The invention discloses a router and an operation method thereof. A router, comprising: an input buffer unit for buffering the acquired data packets; a route calculation unit for extracting a source address and a destination address from the data packet to determine an output port, thereby determining a downstream router; the space register is used for recording the idle buffer area information of the downstream router; the lossless flow control unit is used for judging whether the idle buffer area of the downstream router is suitable for storing the data packet or not according to the idle buffer area information of the downstream router so as to control the switching distribution unit; a switch allocation unit for allocating the data packets to the output ports when the free buffers of the downstream router are adapted to store the data packets. By adopting the invention, the data packet can not be discarded and does not need to be retransmitted in the process of transmitting the data packet between the routers, thereby saving the transmission power consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a router and an operating method thereof.
Background
In the network, the flow control is a process for controlling the end-to-end data transmission rate to suppress the rate of a sending party from being faster than the reading rate of a receiving party. In networks, the Internet and mobile communications tend towards an all-IP network architecture, which means that they transmit all user data In IP packets and provide users with "always-on IP connectivity" services (IP request and IP forwarding for short), for which the possibility of using IP protocols In Space is verified through a series of experiments such as IRIS (Internet Routing In Space), OMNI (Operating discovery as node on the Internet), NGSI (Next Generation Space Internet), etc.
For conventional TCP/IP, the "best effort" feature in IP is such that when a node does not have enough buffers to store, the flow control mechanism used in the Internet allows the node to drop upcoming packets.
Generally, in a data communication network, flow control is a mechanism for managing the data transmission rate between two nodes to prevent the sender rate from being too fast compared to the receiver's read rate. In terrestrial networks, the IP protocol stack is the most widely used protocol worldwide for interconnecting networks. The default flow control for IP itself is lossy flow control, meaning that the router is allowed to drop incoming packets in case of congestion or buffer storage is exhausted. As shown in fig. 3, which illustrates a lossy flow control mechanism used in a conventional network, a data packet is sent from a source node (left) to a destination node (right). Each router has 5 input buffers to store incoming packets. However, currently, the buffer in router C is exhausted, the buffer in router B has a free buffer to store the incoming packet, and the buffer in router a has 4 free buffers to store the incoming packet. Then at the next time, router C must drop the packet transmitted from router B, which will receive the packet transmitted from router a, which will also receive the packet from the router source. The dropped packets will be retransmitted after a certain time interval, see fig. 4.
The space network has the characteristics of prolonged transmission time, limited resources and the like, a large amount of power is consumed in the transmission process, the power is the maximum resource in the space environment, the resources are limited, the flow control mechanism defaulted by the traditional IP allows a router to discard an incoming data packet under the condition that congestion or buffer storage is used up, and the availability and reliability of space service and the efficiency of microwave and laser transmission cannot be effectively guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a router and an operation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that the default flow control mechanism of the traditional IP in the prior art allows the router to discard the incoming data packet under the condition of congestion or exhausted buffer storage, and the availability and reliability of space service and the efficiency of microwave and laser transmission cannot be effectively ensured.
The router according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
an input buffer unit for buffering the acquired data packets;
a route calculation unit, which is used for extracting a source address and a target address from the data packet to determine an output port so as to determine a downstream router;
the space register is used for recording the idle buffer area information of the downstream router;
the lossless flow control unit is used for judging whether the idle buffer area of the downstream router is suitable for storing the data packet or not according to the idle buffer area information of the downstream router so as to control the switching distribution unit;
the switching allocation unit is configured to allocate the data packet to the output port when the free buffer of the downstream router is suitable for storing the data packet.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the lossless flow control unit is further configured to:
and when the idle buffer area of the downstream router is not suitable for storing the data packet, feeding back congestion information to a source router so as to reduce the data packet injection rate of the source router.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the router further comprises:
and the output buffer unit is used for tracking the information of the downstream router so as to support the decision of route calculation and switch distribution.
The operation method of the router according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
buffering the acquired data packets;
extracting a source address and a destination address from the data packet to determine an output port, thereby determining a downstream router;
recording the idle buffer area information of the downstream router;
judging whether the idle buffer area of the downstream router is suitable for storing the data packet or not according to the idle buffer area information of the downstream router;
allocating the data packet to the output port when a free buffer of the downstream router is adapted to store the data packet.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises:
and when the idle buffer area of the downstream router is not suitable for storing the data packet, feeding back congestion information to a source router so as to reduce the data packet injection rate of the source router.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises:
tracking information of the downstream router to support routing computation and switch assignment decisions.
The embodiment of the invention can overcome the problems that the router is allowed to discard the transmitted data packet under the condition that the traffic control mechanism defaulted by the traditional IP is congested or the storage of the buffer area is used up, and the availability and reliability of space service and the efficiency of microwave and laser transmission can not be effectively ensured.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a router according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for operating a router in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a prior art lossy flow control diagram;
fig. 4 is a flow diagram of a prior art packet transmission flow for lossy flow control from a source node to a destination node;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a lossless traffic control mechanism for a router in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of lossless flow control packet transmission of the router according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
An embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides a router 1, as shown in fig. 1, including:
an input buffer unit 10 for buffering the acquired data packets;
a route calculation unit 20 for extracting a source address and a destination address from the packet to determine an output port, thereby determining a downstream router;
a space register 30, configured to record idle buffer information of the downstream router;
a lossless flow control unit 40, configured to determine, according to the free buffer information of the downstream router, whether the free buffer of the downstream router is suitable for storing the data packet, so as to control the switching allocation unit 50;
the switch allocating unit 50 is configured to allocate the data packet to the output port when the free buffer of the downstream router is suitable for storing the data packet.
The embodiment of the invention can overcome the problems that the router is allowed to discard the transmitted data packet under the condition that the traffic control mechanism defaulted by the traditional IP is congested or the storage of the buffer area is used up, and the availability and reliability of space service and the efficiency of microwave and laser transmission can not be effectively ensured.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, various modified embodiments are further proposed, and it is to be noted herein that, in order to make the description brief, only the differences from the above-described embodiment are described in the various modified embodiments.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the lossless flow control unit is further configured to:
and when the idle buffer area of the downstream router is not suitable for storing the data packet, feeding back congestion information to a source router so as to reduce the data packet injection rate of the source router.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the router further comprises:
and the output buffer unit is used for tracking the information of the downstream router so as to support the decision of route calculation and switch distribution.
The following describes a router according to an embodiment of the present invention in a specific embodiment with reference to fig. 5 and 6. It is to be understood that the following description is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. All similar structures and similar variations thereof adopted by the invention are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
In view of the characteristics of the space network, which is located in an electromagnetically open space, satellite resources such as power, storage and computation are extremely limited, and thus "best effort" in IP (allowing discarding of data packets upon storage) is not suitable for the space network. In order to effectively ensure the space service quality, it is urgently needed to provide a more energy-saving and efficient flow control mechanism.
At present, most researchers at home and abroad obtain certain results on the research of routing algorithms or routing plans in a space network. But there has been little research on this flow mechanism.
Although the lossy flow control mechanism allows routers to drop packets and cause unnecessary retransmissions (which is the default choice for the terrestrial Internet), it still performs well. There are two main reasons:
the transmission time delay on the ground is negligible. Typically, in terrestrial networks, routers are not too far from neighbor routers, even if the distance between two routers is about 1200km, i.e. the transmission time delay is only about 4 ms. Whereas in a spatial network the typical distance between a GEO satellite and a ground node is 36,000km, i.e. the transmission time delay is over 120ms (30 times that of the ground). Unfortunately, the large transmission delays in the spatial network make packet loss and retransmission more expensive.
② the transmission power consumption on the ground is acceptable. On the ground, optical fibers and copper wires are the most common transmission media, where the attenuation of signal strength is relatively small, otherwise power is readily available on the ground. Both of these reasons make transmission power consumption on the ground acceptable. But in contrast to the ground, the power in space is very limited and the attenuation of the microwave/laser signal intensity is large over long distances. Therefore, transmission power consumption cannot be ignored.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that the lossy flow control mechanism cannot be directly introduced into the spatial network. Unlike terrestrial networks, space networks are very power limited and have a large transmission delay. Therefore, if we allow the data packet to be discarded, the energy used to transmit the data packet is wasted, and the retransmission delay is large, which will certainly limit the performance of the whole system.
Fig. 4 shows a flow of packet transmission from a source to a destination node. Currently, the buffer memory in router C (router C) is full, so packets from router B to router C must be dropped. After a certain time (i.e. the timer goes off), the source will perceive this drop and the packet will be retransmitted. Obviously, the dropping action will bring a series of costs to the network, one is the power waste of packet transmission, and the other is the extra transmission delay due to retransmission. Therefore, more efficient and energy efficient flow control mechanisms must be defined for spatial networks.
Based on this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a router. The router is implemented based on LFC (Lossless Flow Control). The core idea of LFC is that a data packet will be transmitted from an upstream router to a downstream router unless the downstream router has enough available buffer to store the data packet.
In addition to traditional flow control, the LFC introduces a parameter (space) that is mainly used to keep track of the number of free buffers of the downstream router. Any packet cannot leave the nearest router unless there is sufficient space. Space is reduced when a new packet leaves the nearest router; when the buffers in the downstream router are freed, space increases. The space parameter may propagate the amount of free buffers to the upstream router through other links, or embed the amount of free buffers inside a packet that propagates in the opposite direction, as shown in fig. 5.
Specifically, the main components of a conventional router include an input buffer unit (IB), a route calculation unit (RC), a switch allocation unit (SA), and an output buffer unit (OB), each of which represents a step of the router pipeline. The input unit receives the data packet and stores it in the input buffer, and then the route calculation unit extracts the source/destination address from the header of the data packet and calculates the output port of the next hop. The switch allocation unit will then switch the packet to the corresponding output port. The output buffer unit is mainly responsible for tracking information of a downstream router so as to support the decision of route calculation and switch allocation.
To support the proposed LFC, the router of the present embodiment adds a space register to record the free buffer of the downstream router on the basis of the conventional router. Therefore, the swap allocation unit will take space into account. If and only if the downstream router has enough free buffers to store the data packets, i.e. when the downstream router has sufficient free buffers to store the data packets
space≥length(packet)，
The packet is transmitted, and length (packet) indicates the length of the packet. Conversely, when there is insufficient available buffer in the downstream router, the packet will be temporarily retained. This way no packets are lost due to buffer full load. Otherwise, because of the marked space, the congestion information is fed back to the source node quickly, and the source node reduces the data packet injection rate to relieve the congestion.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of lossless flow control packet transmission of the router according to the embodiment of the present invention. The data packet is sent from the source node to the destination node through router A, B, C. Space ═ 1 in spatial router a keeps track of free buffers in router B, which means that packets in router a can be successfully delivered to router B. The space-0 in router B records the free buffer in router C, which means that the packet in router B will be stored and wait until the buffer in router C is released and the space in router B increases. In contrast to fig. 4, packets from router B to router C are not dropped and do not need to be retransmitted. In addition, transmission power consumption of the first transmission and the second retransmission can be saved.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
An embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention provides an operation method of a router, as shown in fig. 2, including:
s1, buffering the acquired data packet;
s2, extracting a source address and a destination address from the data packet to determine an output port, thereby determining a downstream router;
s3, recording the free buffer area information of the downstream router;
s4, according to the idle buffer area information of the downstream router, judging whether the idle buffer area of the downstream router is suitable for storing the data packet;
s5, when the free buffer area of the downstream router is suitable for storing the data packet, distributing the data packet to the output port.
The embodiment of the invention can overcome the problems that the router is allowed to discard the transmitted data packet under the condition that the traffic control mechanism defaulted by the traditional IP is congested or the storage of the buffer area is used up, and the availability and reliability of space service and the efficiency of microwave and laser transmission can not be effectively ensured.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, various modified embodiments are further proposed, and it is to be noted herein that, in order to make the description brief, only the differences from the above-described embodiment are described in the various modified embodiments.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises:
and when the idle buffer area of the downstream router is not suitable for storing the data packet, feeding back congestion information to a source router so as to reduce the data packet injection rate of the source router.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises:
tracking information of the downstream router to support routing computation and switch assignment decisions.
The methods provided herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual machine system, or other apparatus. Various general purpose systems may also be used with the teachings herein. The required structure for constructing such a system will be apparent from the description above. Moreover, the present invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It is appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the present invention as described herein, and any descriptions of specific languages are provided above to disclose the best mode of the invention.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the invention and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the method of the invention should not be construed to reflect the intent: that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing inventive embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Claims (6)
1. A router, comprising:
an input buffer unit for buffering the acquired data packets;
a route calculation unit, which is used for extracting a source address and a target address from the data packet to determine an output port so as to determine a downstream router;
the space register is used for recording the idle buffer area information of the downstream router;
the lossless flow control unit is used for judging whether the idle buffer area of the downstream router is suitable for storing the data packet or not according to the idle buffer area information of the downstream router so as to control the switching distribution unit;
the switching allocation unit is configured to allocate the data packet to the output port when the free buffer of the downstream router is suitable for storing the data packet.
2. The router of claim 1, wherein the lossless flow control unit is further to:
and when the idle buffer area of the downstream router is not suitable for storing the data packet, feeding back congestion information to a source router so as to reduce the data packet injection rate of the source router.
3. The router of claim 1, wherein the router further comprises:
and the output buffer unit is used for tracking the information of the downstream router so as to support the decision of route calculation and switch distribution.
4. A method of operating a router, comprising:
buffering the acquired data packets;
extracting a source address and a destination address from the data packet to determine an output port, thereby determining a downstream router;
recording the idle buffer area information of the downstream router;
judging whether the idle buffer area of the downstream router is suitable for storing the data packet or not according to the idle buffer area information of the downstream router;
allocating the data packet to the output port when a free buffer of the downstream router is adapted to store the data packet.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises:
and when the idle buffer area of the downstream router is not suitable for storing the data packet, feeding back congestion information to a source router so as to reduce the data packet injection rate of the source router.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises:
tracking information of the downstream router to support routing computation and switch assignment decisions.
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