CN112769564B - Synchronization method, device electronic apparatus, and medium for quantum key distribution - Google Patents

Synchronization method, device electronic apparatus, and medium for quantum key distribution Download PDF

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CN112769564B
CN112769564B CN202110033943.4A CN202110033943A CN112769564B CN 112769564 B CN112769564 B CN 112769564B CN 202110033943 A CN202110033943 A CN 202110033943A CN 112769564 B CN112769564 B CN 112769564B
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quantum
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CN112769564A (en
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王潮泽
廖胜凯
蔡文奇
任继刚
印娟
彭承志
潘建伟
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
    • H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
    • H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation

Abstract

A synchronization method and device for quantum key distribution are provided, the method comprises: calculating the phase corresponding to each time of the ground detection quantum pulse; calculating the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground according to the phase; calculating a phase deviation value of each ground detected quantum pulse according to the frequency of the ground detected quantum pulses; doppler compensation is carried out on the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground according to the phase offset value, and the initial position of each quantum pulse is calculated according to the compensated frequency; scanning the offset position of the correct detection pulse; and calculating the absolute position of the quantum pulse detected on the ground in the light sequence of the satellite transmitting terminal quantity according to the initial position and the offset position. The method and the device reduce the complexity of a resource-tight satellite system, and reduce the data interaction amount of satellite-to-ground satellite channels with less communication resources, the dependence on external data and the system design complexity.

Description

Synchronization method, device electronic apparatus, and medium for quantum key distribution
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of satellite communications, and in particular, to a synchronization method, device electronic apparatus, and medium for quantum key distribution.
Background
Secure and efficient key distribution has been an important research topic in cryptography. Quantum key distribution has been widely verified experimentally as a proven secure key distribution scheme. In quantum key distribution, synchronization is essential for a receiving end to accurately identify a detected quantum signal as a fourth transmitted signal. The synchronization scheme currently used in the satellite-ground quantum key distribution is to implement synchronization by synchronizing light, and combining with data assistance such as GPS and satellite-ground distance.
Although the synchronous light method is effective, it requires the simultaneous installation of synchronous light emitting and receiving devices at both the satellite end and the ground end, which increases the complexity of the satellite system. Meanwhile, the scheme also needs to send the detected GPS pulse per second time to a ground receiving end, and the data interaction amount of satellite-to-ground classical channels with less communication resources is increased. In addition, the scheme must obtain inter-satellite distances to obtain synchronous optical transmission time, increasing external data dependency and system design complexity.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a synchronization method, device electronic apparatus and medium for quantum key distribution, which are used to at least partially solve the above technical problems.
(II) technical scheme
One aspect of the present invention provides a synchronization method for quantum key distribution, including: calculating phases corresponding to all times of a ground detection quantum pulse, wherein the quantum pulse is transmitted by a satellite; calculating the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground according to the phase; calculating a phase offset value of each ground detected quantum pulse according to the frequency of the ground detected quantum pulses; performing Doppler compensation on the frequency of the quantum pulses detected on the ground according to the phase offset value, and calculating the initial position of each quantum pulse according to the compensated frequency; scanning the offset position of the correct detection pulse; and calculating the absolute position of the quantum pulse detected on the ground in the light sequence of the satellite transmitting terminal quantity according to the initial position and the offset position.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the calculating the phase corresponding to each detection time of the ground detection quantum pulse includes: according to the formula:
phia＝2*π*fa*ti
calculating the phase ph corresponding to the ith detection timeiaWherein, tiIndicating the ith detection time, faRepresenting scans corresponding to the detection of said quantum pulses at the surfaceAnd the absolute value of the scanning frequency and the fixed frequency of the quantum pulse transmitted by the satellite is less than a preset value.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the calculating the frequency of the ground-detected quantum pulses according to the phase comprises: respectively calculating unit projections of phases corresponding to different detection times; and calculating the accumulated sum of all unit projections, and solving the scanning frequency corresponding to the maximum accumulated sum as the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the doppler compensation of the frequency of the ground-detected quantum pulses according to the phase offset value comprises: fitting the phase deviation value to obtain a change trend curve of the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground relative to time; and compensating frequency change introduced by Doppler shift and clock crystal oscillator drift according to the change trend curve.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, calculating the initial position of each quantum pulse according to the compensated frequency includes: according to the formula:
posi＝f*ti-rem(tix)
calculating the initial position of the ith quantum pulse, wherein posiFor the initial position of the detected quantum pulse on the ith ground, f represents the compensated frequency, tiIndicates the ith detection time, rem (t)ix) Representing the phase offset value.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the scanning for the offset position of the correct probe pulse includes: and scanning the offset position of the correct detection pulse according to the duty ratio of the vacuum state in the random number of the satellite transmitting terminal.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, according to the formula:
satPosi＝posi+offset
calculating the absolute position, wherein satPosiFor the absolute position, pos, of the ith ground-detected quantum pulse in the light sequence of the satellite transmitteriFor the initial position of the detected quantum pulse on the ith floor, offset denotes the offset position.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a synchronization apparatus for quantum key distribution, including: the system comprises a first calculation module, a second calculation module and a third calculation module, wherein the first calculation module is used for calculating the phase corresponding to each time of a ground detection quantum pulse, and the quantum pulse is transmitted by a satellite; the second calculation module is used for calculating the frequency of the quantum pulse frequency detected on the ground according to the phase; the third calculation module is used for calculating the phase deviation value of each ground detected quantum pulse according to the frequency of the ground detected quantum pulses; the compensation module is used for performing Doppler compensation on the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground according to the phase offset value; the fourth calculation module is used for calculating the initial position of each quantum pulse according to the compensated frequency; a scanning module for scanning the offset position of the correct detection pulse; and the fifth calculation module is used for calculating the absolute position of the quantum pulse detected on the ground in the light sequence of the satellite transmitting terminal quantity according to the initial position and the offset position.
Another aspect of the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, including: one or more processors; memory for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method as described above.
Another aspect of the present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement the method as described above.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a synchronization method, device electronic equipment and medium for quantum key distribution, which at least have the following beneficial effects:
because the corresponding phase is directly calculated by the detection time of each pulse quantum light in the whole synchronization process, and the Doppler compensation is carried out on the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground according to the phase, calculating the initial position of each quantum pulse according to the compensated frequency, finally combining the correct offset position of the detection pulse to obtain the absolute position of the quantum pulse detected on the ground in the light sequence of the satellite transmitting end quantity, completing the time synchronization between the satellite and the ground, therefore, synchronous light emitting and receiving devices are not needed to be arranged at the satellite end and the ground end, the system complexity of the resource-tight satellite is reduced, the GPS pulse per second time detected by the satellite end is not needed to be sent to the ground receiving end, the data interaction amount of satellite-to-satellite channels with less communication resources is reduced, meanwhile, the inter-satellite-ground distance is not required to be obtained, and the dependence on external data and the complexity of system design are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 schematically shows a flowchart of a synchronization method for quantum key distribution provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a calculated ground-detected quantum pulse frequency plot provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph schematically illustrating a trend of offset versus time for a ground-detected quantum pulse frequency provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a histogram of quantum light before and after offset compensation of ground detected quantum pulse frequency according to a trend of offset variation of ground detected quantum pulse frequency, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a synchronization apparatus for quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 schematically shows a block diagram of an electronic device adapted to implement the above described method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a synchronization method for quantum key distribution, which mainly comprises three processes of scanning of ground quantum pulse detection frequency, ground Doppler compensation, acquisition of ground quantum pulse initial position and accurate position scanning on a satellite according to the initial position.
The synchronization method for quantum key distribution according to the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the specific drawings.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a flowchart of a synchronization method for quantum key distribution provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the synchronization method for quantum key distribution may include operations S101 to S105, for example.
In operation S101, a phase corresponding to each time of the ground-based detection quantum pulse is calculated.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in satellite-to-ground Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), the satellite is at a fixed frequency f0And sending quantum pulses, and detecting and recording quantum signals on the ground. The method specifically comprises the following steps: at the transmission frequency f0Nearby scans for different scanning frequencies faAnd calculating the corresponding phase of the quantum pulse detection time in a certain time range.
In operation S102, a frequency of the ground-detected quantum pulse is calculated according to the phase.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the phase ph corresponding to the ith detection timeiaComprises the following steps:
phia＝2*π*fa*ti
wherein, tiFor the detection of the time of the ith quantum pulse, pi is the circumferential rate, faAnd the absolute value of the scanning frequency and the fixed frequency of the quantum pulse transmitted by the satellite is less than a preset value.
The above phase calculation formula can be rewritten as:
phia＝Δphia+2*π*nia
wherein n isiaIs an integer related to i, Δ phiaIs the relative phase. If faAnd fxEqual results in Δ phiaIs a constant. Respectively calculating the unit projections of different phases corresponding to the phases:
reia＝cos(Δphia+2*π*nia)＝coS(Δphia)
imia＝sin(Δphia+2*π*nia)＝sin(Δphia)
generating a vector corresponding to each detection time according to the phase unit projection
Figure BDA0002891849270000051
The vectors are accumulated to obtain their accumulated modulus:
Figure BDA0002891849270000052
when ampaAt maximum, the corresponding solved scanning frequency is taken as the frequency f of the quantum pulse detected on the groundx. When transmitting at a frequency f, as shown in FIG. 20Am at 100000000HZxThe maximum obtained frequency value is 100000916 HZ.
In operation S103, a phase offset value of each ground-detected quantum pulse is calculated according to a frequency of the ground-detected quantum pulse, doppler compensation is performed on the frequency of the ground-detected quantum pulse according to the phase offset value, and an initial position of each quantum pulse is calculated according to the compensated frequency.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the existing distance of the transmitting end and the receiving end in a satellite-to-ground QKD system varies compared to a terrestrial QKD system. Due to the relative motion, the transmit frequency will not coincide with the probe frequency because of the doppler effect. If the motion between the transmitting end and the receiving end is uniform linear motion, f obtained by the calculation is obtainedxI.e. the frequency of the quantum pulse detected by the receiving end, however, the inter-satellite relative motion is not uniform linear motion in general, which makes fxThere is some error from the frequency of the actually detected quantum pulses.
When the frequency of quantum pulse detected by the receiving end is fixed and unchanged, the following results can be obtained:
posi+rem＝fx*ti
wherein f isxFrequency, pos, of quantum pulses detected for the groundiFor the initial position of the ith probe pulse, rem is the groundFrequency phase shift value of the detected quantum pulse, wherein posiCan be passed through fx*tiThe integer part of the resulting value is obtained, rem can be obtained by fx*tiThe fractional part of the resulting value is obtained. Frequency fxConstant may be reached by rem. But due to the relative motion between the star and the earth, the frequency of quantum pulse detected by the receiving end is not constant any more. Thus, the phase offset of the ground-detected quantum pulses in a real satellite-ground system is a function of time:
rem(tix)＝fx*ti-posi
when the detection frequency f is taken as shown in FIG. 3xAt 100000916HZ, rem (t) is calculatedi) To get the value for rem (t)i) Trend with respect to time.
Thus, the frequency f of the ground-detected quantum pulses is usedxCalculate rem (t)ix) By pairing rem (t)ix) Fitting the curve can result in its function with respect to time, and the trend of the frequency with respect to time can be calculated:
Figure BDA0002891849270000061
according to remf (t)ix)＝rem(tix)/fxThe problem of frequency variation introduced by doppler shift and clock crystal drift is solved to obtain a compensated frequency f, which is shown in fig. 4 according to f (t)ix) The curve carries out offset compensation on the ground detection frequency and then carries out histogram of quantum pulses detected on the ground.
Then according to the formula:
posi＝f*ti-rem(tix)
calculating the initial position of the ith quantum pulse, wherein posiFor the initial position of the detected quantum pulse on the ith ground, f represents the compensated frequency, tiIndicates the ith detection time, rem (t)ix) Indicating the phase offset value.
In operation S104, the offset position of the correct probe pulse is scanned.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, scanning the offset position of the correct probe pulse refers to scanning the offset position where the probe pulse can match the random number stored by the satellite. Since the satellite stores random numbers that drive the transmission of quantum light, the offset position (offset) can be scanned based on the statistical vacuum state count. Since the ratio of the vacuum state to the quantum state in the random number at the transmitting end is 1: 3, when the correct offset statistics are used, the counting in the vacuum state is mainly contributed by noise, and in the case of normal polarization contrast, the cnt in the vacuum state isvAnd all count cnttotalThe ratio of (a) will be less than 5%; when the wrong offset statistics are used, the vacuum state cntvAnd all count cnttotalThe ratio of (A) to (B) is about 25%. Therefore, the satellite can scan cnt under different offsets according to the random numberv/cnttotalValue of (c), cntv/cnttotalWhen less than 5%, the offset is determined.
In operation S105, an absolute position of the ground-detected quantum pulse in the light sequence of the satellite transmitting end is calculated according to the initial position and the offset position.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, according to the formula:
satPosi＝posi+offset
calculating the absolute position of the quantum pulse detected on the ground in the light sequence of the satellite transmitter, wherein satPosiFor the absolute position, pos, of the ith ground-detected quantum pulse in the light sequence of the satellite transmitteriFor the initial position of the detected quantum pulse at the ith ground, offset represents the offset position. And at this point, the time synchronization between the satellite and the ground is completed.
Through the synchronization method for quantum key distribution provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the corresponding phase is directly calculated through the detection time of each pulse quantum light in the whole synchronization process, then Doppler compensation is carried out on the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground according to the phase, the initial position of each quantum pulse is calculated according to the compensated frequency, and finally the absolute position of the quantum pulse detected on the ground in the light sequence of the satellite transmitting end is obtained by combining the correct offset position of the detection pulse, so as to complete the time synchronization between the satellite and the ground, therefore, a synchronous light emitting and receiving device is not required to be arranged at the satellite end and the ground end, the system complexity of the resource-tight satellite is reduced, the GPS second pulse time detected at the satellite end is not required to be sent to the ground receiving end, the data interaction quantity of satellite-terrestrial classical channels with less communication resources is reduced, and the inter-satellite distance is not required to be obtained, the dependency on external data and the complexity of system design are reduced.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides a synchronization device for quantum key distribution.
Fig. 5 schematically shows a block diagram of a synchronization apparatus for quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 5, the synchronization apparatus 500 for quantum key distribution may include, for example: a first calculation module 510, a second calculation module 520, a third calculation module 530, a compensation module 540, a fourth calculation module 550, a scanning module 560, and a fifth calculation module 570.
A first calculating module 510, configured to calculate a phase corresponding to each time of a ground sounding quantum pulse, where the quantum pulse is transmitted by a satellite.
And a second calculating module 520, configured to calculate a frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground according to the phase.
A third calculating module 530, configured to calculate a phase offset value of each ground-detected quantum pulse according to the frequency of the ground-detected quantum pulses.
And the compensation module 540 is configured to perform doppler compensation on the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground according to the phase offset value.
And a fourth calculating module 550, configured to calculate an initial position of each quantum pulse according to the compensated frequency.
And a scanning module 560 for scanning the offset position of the correct detection pulse.
And a fifth calculating module 570, configured to calculate an absolute position of the quantum pulse detected on the ground in the light sequence of the satellite transmitting end amount according to the initial position and the offset position.
Any number of modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units, or at least part of the functionality of any number thereof according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in one module. Any one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, and sub-units according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by being split into a plurality of modules. Any one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented at least in part as a hardware circuit, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), a system on a chip, a system on a substrate, a system on a package, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or may be implemented in any other reasonable manner of hardware or firmware by integrating or packaging a circuit, or in any one of or a suitable combination of software, hardware, and firmware implementations. Alternatively, one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units according to embodiments of the disclosure may be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, which when executed may perform the corresponding functions.
For example, any number of the first calculation module 510, the second calculation module 520, the third calculation module 530, the compensation module 540, the fourth calculation module 550, the scanning module 560, and the fifth calculation module 570 may be combined and implemented in one module/unit/sub-unit, or any one of the modules/units/sub-units may be divided into a plurality of modules/units/sub-units. Alternatively, at least part of the functionality of one or more of these modules/units/sub-units may be combined with at least part of the functionality of other modules/units/sub-units and implemented in one module/unit/sub-unit. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one of the first calculation module 510, the second calculation module 520, the third calculation module 530, the compensation module 540, the fourth calculation module 550, the scanning module 560, and the fifth calculation module 570 may be at least partially implemented as a hardware circuit, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), a system on a chip, a system on a substrate, a system on a package, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or may be implemented by hardware or firmware in any other reasonable manner of integrating or packaging a circuit, or implemented by any one of three implementations of software, hardware, and firmware, or any suitable combination of any of them. Alternatively, at least one of the first calculation module 510, the second calculation module 520, the third calculation module 530, the compensation module 540, the fourth calculation module 550, the scanning module 560 and the fifth calculation module 570 may be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, which when executed, may perform a corresponding function.
It should be noted that, the synchronization device portion for quantum key distribution in the embodiment of the present disclosure corresponds to the synchronization method portion for quantum key distribution in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and the specific implementation details and the technical effects thereof are the same, and are not described herein again.
Fig. 6 schematically shows a block diagram of an electronic device adapted to implement the above described method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device shown in fig. 6 is only an example, and should not bring any limitation to the functions and the scope of use of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 6, an electronic device 600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM)602 or a program loaded from a storage section 608 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 603. Processor 601 may include, for example, a general purpose microprocessor (e.g., a CPU), an instruction set processor and/or associated chipset, and/or a special purpose microprocessor (e.g., an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), among others. The processor 601 may also include onboard memory for caching purposes. Processor 601 may include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing different actions of a method flow according to embodiments of the disclosure.
In the RAM603, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the electronic apparatus 600 are stored. The processor 601, the ROM 602, and the RAM603 are connected to each other via a bus 604. The processor 601 performs various operations of the method flows according to the embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs in the ROM 602 and/or RAM 603. It is to be noted that the programs may also be stored in one or more memories other than the ROM 602 and RAM 603. The processor 601 may also perform various operations of the method flows according to embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs stored in the one or more memories.
Electronic device 600 may also include input/output (I/O) interface 605, input/output (I/O) interface 605 also connected to bus 604, according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The electronic device 600 may also include one or more of the following components connected to the I/O interface 605: an input portion 606 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output portion 607 including a display such as a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and the like, and a speaker; a storage section 608 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication section 609 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 609 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The driver 610 is also connected to the I/O interface 605 as needed. A removable medium 611 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 610 as necessary, so that a computer program read out therefrom is mounted in the storage section 608 as necessary.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, method flows according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable storage medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the method illustrated by the flow chart. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network through the communication section 609, and/or installed from the removable medium 611. The computer program, when executed by the processor 601, performs the above-described functions defined in the system of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The systems, devices, apparatuses, modules, units, etc. described above may be implemented by computer program modules according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
The present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be contained in the apparatus/device/system described in the above embodiments; or may exist separately and not be assembled into the device/apparatus/system. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs which, when executed, implement the method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. Examples may include, but are not limited to: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
For example, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium may include the ROM 602 and/or RAM603 described above and/or one or more memories other than the ROM 602 and RAM 603.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations and/or combinations of features recited in the various embodiments and/or claims of the present disclosure can be made, even if such combinations or combinations are not expressly recited in the present disclosure. In particular, various combinations and/or combinations of the features recited in the various embodiments and/or claims of the present disclosure may be made without departing from the spirit or teaching of the present disclosure. All such combinations and/or associations are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described separately above, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used in advantageous combination. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. A synchronization method for quantum key distribution, comprising:
calculating phases corresponding to all times of a ground detection quantum pulse, wherein the quantum pulse is transmitted by a satellite;
calculating the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground according to the phase;
calculating a phase offset value of each ground detected quantum pulse according to the frequency of the ground detected quantum pulses;
performing Doppler compensation on the frequency of the quantum pulses detected on the ground according to the phase offset value, and calculating the initial position of each quantum pulse according to the compensated frequency;
scanning the offset position of the correct detection pulse;
and calculating the absolute position of the quantum pulse detected on the ground in the light sequence of the satellite transmitting terminal quantity according to the initial position and the offset position.
2. The synchronization method of claim 1, wherein said calculating a phase corresponding to each detection time of the ground-based detected quantum pulse comprises:
according to the formula:
phia＝2*π*fa*ti
calculating the phase ph corresponding to the ith detection timeiaWherein, tiIndicating the ith detection time, faAnd representing a scanning frequency corresponding to the quantum pulse detected on the ground, wherein the absolute value of the scanning frequency and the fixed frequency of the quantum pulse sent by the satellite is less than a preset value.
3. The synchronization method of claim 2, wherein said calculating a frequency of the surface-detected quantum pulses from the phase comprises:
respectively calculating unit projections of phases corresponding to different detection times;
and calculating the accumulated sum of all unit projections, and solving the scanning frequency corresponding to the maximum accumulated sum as the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground.
4. The synchronization method of claim 1, wherein said doppler compensating the frequency of said surface detected quantum pulses according to said phase offset value comprises:
fitting the phase deviation value to obtain a change trend curve of the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground relative to time;
and compensating frequency change introduced by Doppler shift and clock crystal oscillator drift according to the change trend curve.
5. The synchronization method of claim 1, wherein calculating the initial position of each quantum pulse from the compensated frequency comprises:
according to the formula:
posi＝f*ti-rem(tix)
calculating the initial position of the ith quantum pulse, wherein posiFor the initial position of the detected quantum pulse on the ith ground, f represents the compensated frequency, tiIndicates the ith detection time, rem (t)ix) Representing the phase offset value.
6. The synchronization method of claim 1, wherein said scanning for offset positions of correct probe pulses comprises:
and scanning the offset position of the correct detection pulse according to the duty ratio of the vacuum state in the random number of the satellite transmitting terminal.
7. The synchronization method of claim 1, wherein according to the formula:
satPosi＝posi+offset
calculating the absolute position, wherein satPosiFor the absolute position, pos, of the ith ground-detected quantum pulse in the light sequence of the satellite transmitteriThe offset represents the offset position for the initial position of the detected quantum pulse at the ith ground level.
8. A synchronization apparatus for quantum key distribution, comprising:
the system comprises a first calculation module, a second calculation module and a third calculation module, wherein the first calculation module is used for calculating the phase corresponding to each time of a ground detection quantum pulse, and the quantum pulse is transmitted by a satellite;
the second calculation module is used for calculating the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground according to the phase;
the third calculation module is used for calculating the phase deviation value of each ground detected quantum pulse according to the frequency of the ground detected quantum pulses;
the compensation module is used for performing Doppler compensation on the frequency of the quantum pulse detected on the ground according to the phase offset value;
the fourth calculation module is used for calculating the initial position of each quantum pulse according to the compensated frequency;
a scanning module for scanning the offset position of the correct detection pulse;
and the fifth calculation module is used for calculating the absolute position of the quantum pulse detected on the ground in the light sequence of the satellite transmitting terminal quantity according to the initial position and the offset position.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors;
a memory for storing one or more programs,
wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method of any of claims 1-7.
10. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to carry out the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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