CN112768871B - Miniaturized double-deck shortwave fishbone antenna - Google Patents
Miniaturized double-deck shortwave fishbone antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN112768871B CN112768871B CN202011606472.3A CN202011606472A CN112768871B CN 112768871 B CN112768871 B CN 112768871B CN 202011606472 A CN202011606472 A CN 202011606472A CN 112768871 B CN112768871 B CN 112768871B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a miniaturized double-layer short wave fishbone antenna, which comprises four guy towers arranged in a square array, wherein each guy tower is supported and fixed by a three-side guy wire, an upper splayed guy wire and a lower splayed guy wire are arranged between two adjacent guy towers, and an upper side guy wire and a lower side guy wire are arranged between two opposite guy towers; double-layer fishbone antenna curtains are arranged between the four guyed towers, two ends of a set line of each fishbone antenna curtain are respectively connected with a protrusion of a splayed guyed line, two ends of two set lines of the double-layer fishbone antenna curtains are respectively connected through a down lead, and the two down leads are respectively connected with a terminal network load and an impedance transformer. The antenna disclosed by the invention solves the problem of large floor area of the weakly coupled fishbone antenna, ensures the antenna to still have the long-distance receiving capability of high gain and low elevation angle, and realizes effective reception of medium-distance and long-distance signals under the condition of small floor area of the conventional station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of short-wave communication antennas, and particularly relates to a miniaturized double-layer short-wave fishbone antenna in the field.
Background
Short-wave communication devices transmit information via radio waves, and short-wave antennas function to radiate and receive radio waves. Short-wave communication equipment has been a qualitative leap through the development of recent decades, but the development of short-wave antennas as an important component of the system is relatively slow. The short-wave antennas in the current station are mainly the traditional vertical monopole antenna and horizontal dipole antenna and the variants thereof, and the antennas are mainly omnidirectional or weak directional antennas, and are single in type, and especially lack a miniaturized low-elevation high-gain long-distance receiving antenna.
Due to the continuous promotion of the urbanization process in China, the electromagnetic environment is continuously deteriorated, the local artificial noise is increased sharply, and the local noise is spread in the form of ground waves and is mainly vertically polarized. Therefore, from the viewpoint of suppressing local noise, a horizontally polarized receiving antenna should be used, and particularly, a vertically polarized antenna is not suitable for long-distance weak signal reception. Meanwhile, the geographical environment of the station is complex, and the antenna field is greatly limited, so that an antenna with a small occupied area size should be selected as much as possible to adapt to the station environment.
At present, the common horizontal polarization low elevation angle high gain antenna comprises a horizontal fishbone antenna, a diamond antenna and a same direction horizontal antenna/curtain array antenna. Although the homodromous horizontal antenna/curtain array antenna is a high-gain directional antenna, the working frequency band is generally only 2-3 frequency multiplication and cannot meet the requirement of full-frequency band operation; the diamond antenna has too large a footprint in spite of a wide frequency band, and a too narrow beam at a high frequency end. Therefore, the fish bone antenna is suitable for innovative design on the fish bone antenna based on the traveling wave antenna theory.
The fishbone antenna belongs to a wide-band strong-directivity antenna and is an important component of a 'line antenna' family. The antenna is mainly applied to short-wave frequency bands, and is generally only used for receiving short-wave signals due to low efficiency; but because the antenna has high directional gain and the radiation elevation angle of the antenna is relatively low, the antenna has an irreplaceable position in the aspects of long-distance and ultra-long-distance short-wave signal detection or short-wave communication.
The traditional fishbone antenna adopts a resistance coupling technology, is divided into three types, namely a large type, a medium type, a small type and a medium type, and cannot meet the requirement of full-frequency-band operation; the weakly coupled fishbone antenna proposed later can work in a short-wave full frequency band, but the occupied area of the weakly coupled fishbone antenna is still large. For example, the floor area of the 21-element weakly coupled fishbone antenna is 8122m 2 (including stay wires), the floor area of the 28-element weakly-coupled fishbone antenna is10758m 2 (including pull wires), the floor area of the 36-element weakly-coupled fishbone antenna is 14058m 2 (including the drawstring). The fishbone antenna has large integral occupied area, high land acquisition cost and high difficulty, so that the construction of the antenna array is subject to more restrictive conditions and has poor feasibility.
In addition, the horizontal lobe width of the existing short-wave full-band weak coupling fishbone antenna in the middle and high frequency bands is less than 20 degrees, and the horizontal lobe width of the diamond antenna is about 10 degrees. The horizontal lobe width of the antenna is narrow, and if a larger range is covered, a plurality of antenna arrays are needed, so that a short wave receiving system is more complex, the occupied area of the antenna is larger, and the system cost is higher.
In summary, antennas meeting the requirements of small short-wave station occupation, low elevation angle and high gain are not available yet, and relevant reports are not seen internationally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a small-sized double-layer short wave fishbone antenna with small occupied area, low elevation angle and high gain.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a miniaturized double-layer short wave fishbone antenna, its improvement lies in: the tower comprises four guyed towers arranged in a square array, each guyed tower is supported and fixed by three guyed wires, an upper layer of splayed guyed wires and a lower layer of splayed guyed wires are arranged between two adjacent guyed towers, and an upper layer of side guyed wires and a lower layer of side guyed wires are arranged between two opposite guyed towers; arrange double-deck fish bone antenna curtain between four act as go-between towers, each layer fish bone antenna curtain's structure is the same, all include the set line and install N on the set line to the oscillator, 12 is less than or equal to N and is less than or equal to 36, the set line both ends of each layer fish bone antenna curtain are connected with the bulge of a splayed act as go-between respectively, the tip of oscillator then hangs on the limit cable, two set line both ends of double-deck fish bone antenna curtain link to each other through a down-lead respectively, above-mentioned two down-leads still link to each other with terminal network load and impedance converter respectively.
Furthermore, each guyed tower is supported and fixed by a double-layer three-part guyed wire.
Furthermore, one end of each layer of fishbone antenna screen oscillator is connected with the coupler on the assembly line and is electrically connected with the assembly line through a jumper wire, and the other end of the oscillator is hung on the side stay cable.
Furthermore, each layer of fishbone antenna screen comprises 21 pairs of vibrators, the length of a single arm of each vibrator gradually changes from 2m to 10m, and the vibrators uniformly gradually change along the interval of the assembly line from 2m to 6m in an equal difference mode.
Furthermore, both ends of the assembly line of each fishbone antenna curtain and the lower lead are turned through turning components.
Furthermore, signals received by the double-layer fishbone antenna screen move to the synthetic network, and output signals synthesized by the signals moving to the synthetic network are connected to the receiver through the main feed line.
Furthermore, the height of the guyed tower is 20 m-50 m.
Furthermore, the beam width of the antenna in each frequency point 3dB horizontal plane is more than or equal to 30 DEG
Furthermore, the working frequency range of the antenna is 1.5 MHz-30 MHz, and the working bandwidth is 20 frequency multiplication.
Further, the directional gain of the antenna in the full frequency band is 10 dBi-19 dBi.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the miniaturized double-layer short-wave fishbone antenna disclosed by the invention solves the problem of large occupied area of a weak coupling fishbone antenna, ensures that the antenna still has high-gain and low-elevation long-distance receiving capability, and realizes effective reception of medium and long-distance signals under the condition of small occupied area of the existing station; on the premise of ensuring small floor area, high directional gain and low elevation angle, the horizontal plane beam width of the antenna, especially the lobe width of a high-frequency band, is widened, so that the covering direction of a single antenna achieves the covering effect of two antennas of the weak coupling fishbone, and the number and cost of the antennas are greatly reduced. The antenna curtain comprises double-deck fishbone antenna curtain, only needs to adopt four guyed towers to support, and the outward appearance shaping is effectual.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an equivalent schematic diagram of a miniaturized double-layer short-wave fishbone antenna;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a dual layer fishbone antenna;
FIG. 3 is a theoretical model of a double-layer fishbone antenna;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a plan layout view of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic front view of an antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic top view of a fishbone antenna screen in the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the invention;
fig. 8 is a graph of the voltage standing wave ratio of the upper layer unit of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph of the voltage standing wave ratio of the lower layer element of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a directional gain curve of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 11 (a) is a 3MHz vertical plane directional diagram of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 11 (b) is a vertical plane directional diagram of 5MHz of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 11 (c) is a vertical plane directional diagram of 10MHz of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 11 (d) is the vertical plane directional diagram of the antenna 15MHz disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 11 (e) is a vertical plane directional diagram of the antenna 20MHz disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 11 (f) is a vertical plane directional diagram of 25MHz of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 11 (g) is a vertical plane directional diagram of 30MHz of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a plot of maximum directional gain elevation for the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a 3dB beam width curve for the vertical plane of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 (a) is a 3MHz horizontal plane pattern of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 (b) is the horizontal plane pattern of 5MHz of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 (c) is the 10MHz horizontal plane pattern of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 (d) is a 15MHz horizontal plane pattern of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 (e) is the horizontal plane pattern of 20MHz of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 (f) is a 25MHz horizontal plane pattern of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 (g) is a 30MHz horizontal plane pattern of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a horizontal plane beam width curve of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Because the horizontal polarization fishbone antenna based on the traveling wave antenna theory is suitable for receiving long-distance weak signals, the application is more, and various forms exist due to different coupling modes and design sizes, the existing weak coupling fishbone antenna has higher gain in a short-wave full frequency band, but the length of an antenna screen generally exceeds 100 meters, and the actual occupied space is too large. Therefore, the variable parameter composite coupling technology of the weak coupling fishbone antenna, the unequal length design of the oscillator spacing and the characteristics of the miniaturized fishbone antenna are combined, the miniaturized double-layer fishbone antenna is designed, the vertical space is fully utilized, and the horizontal plane beam width of a high frequency band is widened while the radiation elevation angle is reduced. The unit weak coupling fishbone antenna is based on the basic principle of the fishbone antenna, and an equivalent circuit diagram of the unit weak coupling fishbone antenna is shown in fig. 1.
Electromotive force e and impedance Z for a dipole e And 2Z ce Instead of, wherein, Z e Is the input impedance of the oscillator, 2Z ce Is the series impedance of the coupling element. The input impedance of the elements is much larger than the characteristic impedance of the aggregate line, and the distance between the elements is much smaller than the wavelength. Under such conditions, the aggregate line can be viewed as being uniformly distributedA line of parameters, i.e. a line with a constant characteristic impedance.
In order to reduce the floor area of the weakly coupled fishbone antenna, improve the directional gain, improve the horizontal half-power lobe width of the antenna and enhance the receiving capability of long-distance and ultra-long-distance signals, the vertical double-layer fishbone array is adopted, the floor area is reduced, and the performance is improved.
The miniaturized double-layer short-wave fishbone antenna is formed by arranging two pairs of unit weakly-coupled fishbone antennas up and down, beam forming is carried out in a pitching plane, directional gain is improved, and meanwhile beam width in a horizontal plane is guaranteed. The signals received by the double-layer fishbone antenna screen are moved to the synthetic network, and the output signals synthesized by the signals moved to the synthetic network are connected to the receiver through the main feed line. A schematic block diagram of a miniaturized double-layer short-wave fishbone antenna is shown in fig. 2. The theoretical model of the double-layer fishbone antenna is shown in fig. 3. The traditional fishbone and weak coupling fishbone antenna are designed in a single layer, and are generally supported by 6 towers structurally. And analyzing and calculating the position, the width and the like of the phase center of the single-layer fishbone antenna by adopting an apparent center calculation method, and ensuring that the single-layer fishbone antenna is basically stable in the main beam range. The analysis shows that the phase center in the main beam range is stable, but the phase center changes along with the increase of frequency, so that the moving network of beam synthesis takes the phase center as a reference, and the moving error is reduced.
Embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 4-7, this embodiment discloses a miniaturized double-layer short wave fishbone antenna, which includes four guyed towers 1 arranged in a square array, each guyed tower is supported and fixed by a three-way guyed wire 2, an upper layer and a lower layer of splayed guyed wires 6 are arranged between two adjacent guyed towers, and an upper layer and a lower layer of side guyed wires 7 are arranged between two opposite guyed towers; arrange double-deck fish bone antenna curtain between four act as go-between towers, each layer fish bone antenna curtain's structure is the same, all include set line 8 and install N on the set line to oscillator 9, 12 is less than or equal to N and is less than or equal to 36, the set line both ends of each layer fish bone antenna curtain are connected with the bulge of a splayed stay wire respectively, the tip of oscillator then hangs on the limit cable, two set line both ends of double-deck fish bone antenna curtain link to each other through a down-lead 3 respectively, two set lines are parallel four-wire form with two down-leads promptly, above-mentioned two down-leads still link to each other with terminal network load 4 and impedance transformer 5 respectively.
In this embodiment, each guyed tower is supported and fixed by a double-layer three-part guyed wire. One end of each layer of fishbone antenna screen oscillator is connected with the coupler on the assembly line and is electrically connected with the assembly line through a jumper, and the other end of the oscillator is hung on the side stay cable.
The Galois-gold method based on the piecewise sine basis function is calculated by referring to the characteristics of the rotating fishbone and the weakly coupled fishbone, analyzing the length of an antenna oscillator, the distance between the oscillators, the coupling strength between the oscillator and a set line and the like, and adopting variable parameter design. The design reduces the occupied area by a method of greatly increasing the density of the vibrators, each layer of fishbone antenna screen comprises 21 pairs of vibrators, the length of a single arm of each vibrator is gradually changed from 2m to 10m, and the vibrators are uniformly gradually changed from 2m to 6m along the interval of the assembly line in an equal difference mode.
Both ends of each fishbone antenna curtain assembly line and the lower lead are turned through turning components.
In order to ensure that the double-layer fishbone antenna still has the performance of full-band high-gain low elevation angle and simultaneously broadens the width of high-band beams, the height of a guyed tower (namely the height of the antenna erection) is 20 m-50 m.
Weak coupling big fishbone floor area 14058m 2 The floor area of the fishbone in weak coupling 10758m 2 The floor area of weakly coupled small fishbone is 8122m 2 The antenna of this embodiment occupies a floor area of 3120m 2 Only one third of a conventional fishbone antenna.
The beam width of the antenna on the 3dB horizontal plane of each frequency point is more than or equal to 30 degrees, and especially the coverage width of a high-frequency end is far larger than that of a weak coupling fishbone antenna.
The working frequency band of the conventional fishbone antenna is 4 times, the working frequency band of the antenna of the embodiment is 1.5 MHz-30 MHz, and the working bandwidth is 20 times, which is 5 times of that of the conventional fishbone antenna.
The directional gain of the antenna in the embodiment is 10 dBi-19 dBi in the full frequency band, which is obviously higher than that of the conventional fishbone antenna. Fig. 8 is a graph of the voltage standing wave ratio of the upper layer unit of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 9 is a graph of the voltage standing wave ratio of the lower layer element of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 10 is a directional gain curve of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 11 (a) is a 3MHz vertical plane directional diagram of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 11 (b) is a vertical plane directional diagram of 5MHz of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 11 (c) is a vertical plane directional diagram of 10MHz of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 11 (d) is a vertical plane directional diagram of the antenna 15MHz disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 11 (e) is a vertical plane directional diagram of the antenna 20MHz disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 11 (f) is a vertical plane directional diagram of 25MHz of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 11 (g) is a vertical plane directional diagram of 30MHz of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 12 is a plot of maximum directional gain elevation for the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 13 is a 3dB beam width curve for the vertical plane of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 14 (a) is a 3MHz horizontal plane pattern of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 14 (b) is the 5MHz horizontal plane pattern of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 14 (c) is the 10MHz horizontal plane pattern of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 14 (d) is a 15MHz horizontal plane pattern of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 14 (e) is the horizontal plane pattern of 20MHz of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 14 (f) is a 25MHz horizontal plane pattern of the disclosed antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 14 (g) is a 30MHz horizontal plane pattern of the disclosed antenna in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 15 is a horizontal plane beam width curve of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a miniaturized double-deck shortwave fishbone antenna which characterized in that: the tower comprises four guyed towers arranged in a square array, wherein the height of each guyed tower is 20 m-50 m, each guyed tower is supported and fixed by three guyed wires, an upper layer of splayed guyed wires and a lower layer of splayed guyed wires are arranged between two adjacent guyed towers, and an upper layer of side guyed wires and a lower layer of side guyed wires are arranged between two opposite guyed towers; arranging double-layer fishbone antenna curtains between four guyed towers, wherein each fishbone antenna curtain has the same structure and comprises a set line and N pairs of vibrators arranged on the set line, N is more than or equal to 12 and less than or equal to 36, the length of a single arm of each vibrator is gradually changed from 2m to 10m, the vibrators are uniformly and gradually changed along the set line from 2m to 6m in an equal difference mode, two ends of the set line of each fishbone antenna curtain are respectively connected with a convex part of a splayed guy line, the end part of each vibrator is hung on a side guy cable, two ends of two set lines of the double-layer fishbone antenna curtain are respectively connected through a down-lead, the two set lines and the two down-leads are in a parallel four-line mode, and the two down-leads are respectively connected with a terminal network load and an impedance transformer; one end of each layer of fishbone antenna screen oscillator is connected with the coupler on the assembly line and is electrically connected with the assembly line through a jumper, and the other end of the oscillator is hung on the side stay cable.
2. The miniaturized double-layer short wave fishbone antenna of claim 1, which is characterized in that: each guyed tower is supported and fixed by a double-layer three-part guyed wire.
3. The miniaturized double-layer short-wave fishbone antenna of claim 1, characterized in that: each layer of fishbone antenna screen comprises 21 pairs of vibrators, the length of a single arm of each vibrator gradually changes from 2m to 10m, and the vibrators uniformly change along the interval of the assembly line from 2m to 6m in an equal difference mode.
4. The miniaturized double-layer short wave fishbone antenna of claim 1, which is characterized in that: both ends of each fishbone antenna curtain assembly line and the lower lead are turned through turning components.
5. The miniaturized double-layer short-wave fishbone antenna of claim 1, characterized in that: the signals received by the double-layer fishbone antenna screen are moved to the synthetic network, and the output signals synthesized by the signals moved to the synthetic network are connected to the receiver through the main feed line.
6. The miniaturized double-layer short-wave fishbone antenna of claim 1, characterized in that: the beam width of the antenna in the 3dB horizontal plane of each frequency point is more than or equal to 30 degrees.
7. The miniaturized double-layer short-wave fishbone antenna of claim 1, characterized in that: the working frequency range of the antenna is 1.5 MHz-30 MHz, and the working bandwidth is 20 frequency multiplication.
8. The miniaturized double-layer short-wave fishbone antenna of claim 1, characterized in that: the directional gain of the antenna in the full frequency band is 10 dBi-19 dBi.
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| CN114094352B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-12-15 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Miniaturized double-layer short-wave fishbone antenna circular receiving array, system and beam synthesis operation method |
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