CN112766594A - Method for calculating suitable area of river fish habitat based on ecological habits - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating the suitable area of a river fish habitat based on ecological habits, which comprises the steps of firstly surveying the current situation of fish resources and the current situation of the fish habitat in a research area, and determining the range of the habitat and target fishes; according to the ecological habits of the target fishes and the important habitat characteristics of the habitat, selecting water depth, flow speed and substrate as calculation indexes of the proper area of the habitat of the fishes; establishing a response relation between the target fish and each key environmental factor by adopting an experiment or a specialist method, and constructing a single-factor suitability function aiming at each key environmental factor; constructing a comprehensive index of suitability of the fish habitat by adopting an arithmetic mean value method; and calculating the suitable areas of the fish habitats under different flow rates by using the comprehensive indexes of suitability of the fish habitats, and obtaining the maximum suitable area of the fish habitats and the corresponding ecological flow rate. The method is based on the single-factor suitability function and utilizes an arithmetic mean value method to calculate, and the calculation result is more in line with the actual situation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a river fish habitat, in particular to a method for calculating an appropriate area of the river fish habitat based on ecological habits.
Background
River habitat has diversified aquatic habitats, and provides necessary environmental conditions for activities such as fish breeding, bait culture, overwintering and the like. The construction of hydroelectric and hydraulic engineering can change the hydrological situation of the river reach of the engineering, so that the environmental conditions of the habitat of the fishes in the river are changed, and the survival of the fishes is influenced. In order to better protect the river and fish habitat, the habitat suitability and the habitat area under different flow rates of hydropower and hydraulic engineering need to be calculated and evaluated, so that the maximum habitat suitability area and the corresponding ecological flow rate are determined, and the habitat protection and recovery measures are evaluated.
Taking a fish spawning site as an example, the fish spawning site has unique environmental conditions such as water flow, substrate and the like, is the most important sensitive site in a fish habitat, and provides sufficient space for spawning and breeding activities of the fish. The scientific calculation of the suitable area of the fish habitat has important significance for fish resource protection. In the traditional method, a maximum value method, a minimum value method, a geometric mean method and continuous multiplication are generally adopted to calculate the suitability index HSI of the fish habitat, and the HSI value obtained by calculation is larger or smaller, so that the calculated suitable area of the habitat does not accord with the actual condition of the fish habitat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for calculating the suitable area of a river fish habitat based on fish ecological habits.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for calculating a suitable area of a river fish habitat based on ecological habits comprises the following steps:
(1) investigating the current situation of fish resources and the current situation of fish habitats of the researched rivers, and determining the range of the habitats and target fishes;
(2) aiming at the screened target fishes, selecting key environmental factors as calculation indexes of proper areas of fish habitats according to fish ecological habits and important habitat characteristics;
(3) testing or judging the response relation between the target fish and each key environmental factor by adopting an experiment or a specialist method, and constructing a single-factor suitability function aiming at each key environmental factor;
(4) on the basis of the single-factor suitability function, a fish habitat suitability comprehensive index is constructed by combining the ecological habits of fish;
(5) and calculating the suitable areas of the fish habitats under different flow rates by using the comprehensive indexes of suitability of the fish habitats, and obtaining the maximum suitable areas of the fish habitats and the corresponding ecological flow rates.
The fish resource current situation investigation in the step (1) refers to investigating river fish resource conditions of water areas influenced by hydropower engineering, and screening target fishes according to fish protection levels and rare or endangered conditions; the fish habitat current situation survey refers to the field survey of the range, water depth, flow rate, substrate, temperature and dissolved oxygen environment factor parameters of the spawning site, the bait site and the overwintering site of the river fish habitat.
And (3) in the step (2), the key environmental factors are flow velocity, water depth and bottom materials.
Establishing a single-factor suitability function SI in the step (3): aiming at the key environmental factors of the habitat required in the spawning period and the bait-requesting period of the fishes, the response relation between the target fishes and each key environmental factor is established by adopting an experiment or a specialist method and utilizing a mathematical statistics means.
Constructing a fish habitat suitability comprehensive index HSI in the step (4): on the basis of a single-factor suitability function, combining the ecological habits of fishes, and constructing a habitat suitability comprehensive index by adopting an arithmetic mean method, wherein the habitat suitability comprehensive index formula is as follows:
in the formula, SiThe SI value representing the ith key environmental factor.
The calculation formula WUA of the suitable area of the fish habitat in the step (5) is as follows:
in the formula, AkRepresents the area of the unit k for calculation of the investigation region; HSIkCalculating the habitat suitability comprehensive index of the unit k; n is the number of calculation units.
The invention has the advantages that the relation between the ecological habits and the environmental factors of the habitat of the fishes is fully considered aiming at the comprehensive indexes and the area calculation of the suitability of the river fish habitat of the hydroelectric engineering, for the calculation of the suitability comprehensive index and area of the fish habitat of inland rivers, the maximum value method, the minimum value method, the geometric mean method and the continuous multiplication are easy to be influenced by the extreme value of the suitability index of a single factor, thereby causing the problem that the calculation results of the suitability index and the area of the fish habitat are too large or too small, the invention provides a method for calculating the suitability comprehensive index of the inland river fish habitat by using an arithmetic mean value method and further calculating the suitable area of the fish habitat on the basis of a single-factor suitability function, the calculation result of the method is more in line with the actual situation, and the method has important significance for guiding the calculation of the ecological flow of the fish spawning propagation period and evaluating the protective measures effect of the fish habitat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating a suitable area of a river fish habitat based on ecological habits according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a water depth suitability index plot;
FIG. 3 is a flow suitability index plot;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the results of the calculation of the present invention with those of the geometric mean method.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
as shown in fig. 1, the method for calculating the suitable area of the river fish habitat based on ecological habits of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) the current situation of fish resources and the current situation of fish habitats in rivers are researched, and the range of the habitats and target fishes are determined.
(1-1) survey of the status of fish resources: investigating river fish resource conditions of water areas influenced by hydroelectric engineering, and screening target fishes according to fish protection levels, rare or endangered conditions and the like.
(1-2) survey of the status of fish habitat: carrying out on-site investigation on the range, water depth, flow rate, substrate, temperature, dissolved oxygen and other key environmental factor parameters of the habitat of important fishes such as a spawning site, a cable bait site, an overwintering site and the like of river and fish habitats;
(2) aiming at the screened target fishes, according to the ecological habits and important habitat characteristics of the fishes, key environmental factors such as flow velocity, water depth, substrate and the like are selected as calculation indexes of the suitable area of the fish habitat.
(3) The response relation between the target fish and each key environmental factor is tested or judged by adopting an experiment or a specialist method, the response relation between the target fish and each key environmental factor is established by adopting the experiment or the specialist method aiming at the key environmental factors of habitats required by important periods such as a spawning period, a bait-demanding period and the like in an important life history stage of the fish, and a single-factor suitability function aiming at each key environmental factor is established.
(4) On the basis of a single-factor suitability function, combining the ecological habits of fishes, and constructing a habitat suitability comprehensive index by adopting an arithmetic mean method, wherein the habitat suitability comprehensive index formula is as follows:
in the formula, SiThe SI value representing the ith key environmental factor.
(5) And calculating the suitable areas of the fish habitats under different flow rates by using the comprehensive indexes of suitability of the fish habitats, and obtaining the maximum suitable area of the fish habitats and the corresponding ecological flow rate.
The calculation formula WUA of the suitable area of the fish habitat is as follows:
in the formula, Ak represents the area of a calculation unit k divided from a study region; HSIk is the habitat suitability comprehensive index of the computing unit k; n is the number of calculation units.
The following illustrates an example of the calculation of the method of the invention:
the invention takes a certain spawning site of a certain river as a research river reach, and the length of the certain spawning site is 1.0 km. By adopting the method, the appropriate area (WUA) of the habitat of the fish in the spawning and breeding period is calculated, and the ecological flow in the spawning period is obtained correspondingly. The process of the invention is illustrated below:
(1) a1.0 km long spawning site in a certain river is selected as a research river reach, and target fishes are local main fishes.
(2) Aiming at the screened target fish, according to the biological characteristics and important habitat characteristics of the fish, environmental factors such as flow velocity, water depth, substrate and the like are selected as evaluation indexes for calculating the proper area of the fish habitat.
(3) And respectively constructing single-factor suitability index SI functions for the selected environmental factors, and determining the suitability index SI values of the environmental factors with different flow rates by combining the preference degrees of the fishes to the different environmental factors.
According to the research on the preference of the target fishes in the breeding period to the water depth and the flow rate in China and the aquatic ecological investigation result, the water depth and flow rate suitability index curves of the target fishes are provided and are respectively shown in the figure 2 and the figure 3.
The optimum condition is that the river bottom suitability index is 1.0 because the selected research river reach is the target fish spawning site.
(4) And calculating the suitability index SI value of each environmental factor by adopting an arithmetic mean value method to obtain the suitability index HSI of the fish habitat.
(5) And calculating the suitable area of the fish habitat under different flow conditions by combining the suitability index HSI of the fish habitat.
(6) By adopting the third step to the fifth step of the calculation method, the fish habitat numerical value calculation model RIVER2D is utilized to calculate the target fish suitability habitat area (WUA) under different flow conditions, and the calculation results under different flow conditions and the calculation results of the traditional geometric mean method are shown in the table 1 and the figure 4.
TABLE 1 comparison of the results of the present invention with those of the geometric mean method
As can be seen from the table 1 and the figure 4, the results of calculating the ecological flow of the fishes in the spawning period by the two methods are the same, the suitable area of the habitat calculated by the method is larger than that calculated by the traditional geometric mean method, the suitable area of the habitat is consistent with the aquatic ecological survey results, and the calculation results are closer to the actual conditions.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to carry out the same, and the present invention shall not be limited to the embodiments, i.e. the equivalent changes or modifications made within the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for calculating a suitable area of a river fish habitat based on ecological habits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) investigating the current situation of fish resources and the current situation of fish habitats of the researched rivers, and determining the range of the habitats and target fishes;
(2) aiming at the screened target fishes, selecting key environmental factors as calculation indexes of proper areas of fish habitats according to fish ecological habits and important habitat characteristics;
(3) testing or judging the response relation between the target fish and each key environmental factor by adopting an experiment or a specialist method, and constructing a single-factor suitability function aiming at each key environmental factor;
(4) on the basis of the single-factor suitability function, a fish habitat suitability comprehensive index is constructed by combining the ecological habits of fish;
(5) and calculating the suitable areas of the fish habitats under different flow rates by using the comprehensive indexes of suitability of the fish habitats, and obtaining the maximum suitable areas of the fish habitats and the corresponding ecological flow rates.
2. The method for calculating the suitable area of the river fish habitat based on ecological habits according to claim 1, wherein the fish resource status investigation in the step (1) refers to investigating river fish resource conditions of water areas affected by hydropower engineering, and screening target fishes according to fish protection levels and rare or endangered conditions; the fish habitat current situation survey refers to the field survey of the range, water depth, flow rate, substrate, temperature and dissolved oxygen environment factor parameters of the spawning site, the bait site and the overwintering site of the river fish habitat.
3. The method for calculating the suitable area of river fish habitat according to claim 1, wherein the key environmental factors in the step (2) are flow velocity, water depth and substrate.
4. The method for calculating an ecological habit-based suitable area of river fish habitats, according to claim 1, wherein the single-factor suitability function SI in step (3) is established by: aiming at the key environmental factors of the habitat required in the spawning period and the bait-requesting period of the fishes, the response relation between the target fishes and each key environmental factor is established by adopting an experiment or a specialist method and utilizing a mathematical statistics means.
5. The method for calculating a suitable area of river fish habitats based on ecological habits according to claim 1, wherein the fish habitats suitability comprehensive index HSI in the step (4) is constructed by: on the basis of a single-factor suitability function, combining the ecological habits of fishes, and constructing a habitat suitability comprehensive index by adopting an arithmetic mean method, wherein the habitat suitability comprehensive index formula is as follows:
in the formula, SiThe SI value representing the ith key environmental factor.
6. The method for calculating a suitable area of river fish habitat according to claim 5, wherein the suitable area of fish habitat calculating formula WUA in the step (5) is as follows:
in the formula, AkRepresents the area of the unit k for calculation of the investigation region; HSIkCalculating the habitat suitability comprehensive index of the unit k; n is the number of calculation units.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN113283193A (en) * | 2021-05-30 | 2021-08-20 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Method for determining river lake shoal oncomelania suitable distribution area |
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| CN115809585A (en) * | 2023-01-20 | 2023-03-17 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method and system for determining ecological flow of radial flow type hydropower station with balanced WEE relationship |
| CN116523405A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-01 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Assessment method, system, equipment and medium for cold water fish spawning site |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115809585A (en) * | 2023-01-20 | 2023-03-17 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method and system for determining ecological flow of radial flow type hydropower station with balanced WEE relationship |
| CN116523405A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-01 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Assessment method, system, equipment and medium for cold water fish spawning site |
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Application publication date: 20210507 |