CN112763172A - Amplification device for acceleration of earthquake test bed - Google Patents
Amplification device for acceleration of earthquake test bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN112763172A CN112763172A CN202011590750.0A CN202011590750A CN112763172A CN 112763172 A CN112763172 A CN 112763172A CN 202011590750 A CN202011590750 A CN 202011590750A CN 112763172 A CN112763172 A CN 112763172A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种地震试验台加速度的放大装置，包括刚性连接于地震试验台上的底座；所述底座上固设有底座平板，该底座平板的两端连接于所述底座上、且该底座平板相对于地震试验台悬空布置；所述底座平板的上端面设置有立柱；本发明对该加速度放大装置的共振特性进行合理运用，通过共振的方式将地震试验台架输出的加速度进行放大，使得该放大装置上特定位置的试验反应谱包络要求反应谱，达到抗震试验中高反应谱的试验需求。
The invention provides an acceleration amplifying device for an earthquake test bench, comprising a base rigidly connected to the seismic test bench; a base plate is fixed on the base, two ends of the base plate are connected to the base, and the base is The flat plate is suspended relative to the seismic test bench; the upper end face of the base flat plate is provided with a column; the present invention makes reasonable use of the resonance characteristics of the acceleration amplifying device, and amplifies the acceleration output by the seismic test bench by means of resonance, so that the The response spectrum envelope of the test response spectrum at a specific position on the amplifying device is required to meet the test requirements of high response spectrum in the seismic test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seismic survey, in particular to an acceleration amplifying device of a seismic test bed.
Background
The conventional test device is a clamp which is used conventionally, and mainly has the function of rigidly connecting nuclear power equipment and a seismic test bed, so that the first-order natural frequency of the clamp is greater than the cut-off frequency of a required reaction spectrum. And the conventionally used clamp transmits the acceleration output of the earthquake test bed to the nuclear power equipment in a ratio of 1:1 as much as possible so as to ensure that the equipment is really subjected to actual earthquake conditions as much as possible. However, when the seismic test requirement exceeds the capability range of the seismic test bed, the seismic test cannot be carried out under the condition of a conventional test device.
Therefore, at the present stage, a high-reaction-spectrum anti-seismic test is generally performed by an anti-seismic analysis method, but the actual seismic conditions of the nuclear power equipment are not completely consistent with the anti-seismic analysis result, and the anti-seismic analysis cannot judge the functional characteristics of the nuclear power equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an acceleration amplifying device for a seismic testing stand, which has a simple structure and can amplify the output acceleration of the seismic testing stand to meet the testing requirement of high response spectrum.
The invention provides an amplification device for the acceleration of a seismic test bed, which comprises a base, a base and a vibration sensor, wherein the base is rigidly connected to the seismic test bed; a base plate is fixedly arranged on the base, two ends of the base plate are connected to the base, and the base plate is arranged in a suspended mode relative to the earthquake test bed; the upper end face of the base plate is provided with an upright post.
Furthermore, a matching piece for clamping the detected piece is rigidly connected to a preset position on the upright post.
Further, the upright post is of a hollow structure.
Further, the stand is the cuboid structure, the stand sets up in the dull and stereotyped central authorities of base, the base is square frame structure.
As described above, the seismic testing stand acceleration amplifying device according to the present invention has the following advantageous effects:
in the invention, the resonance characteristic of the acceleration amplifying device is reasonably applied, and the acceleration output by the earthquake test bench is amplified in a resonance mode, so that the test response spectrum at a specific position on the amplifying device is enveloped with the response spectrum, and the test requirement of high response spectrum in an earthquake-resistant test is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an acceleration amplifying device of a seismic testing stand according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a horizontal expected experimental response spectrum and a desired response spectrum in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a vertically predicted experimental response spectrum and a desired response spectrum according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a predicted acceleration time course curve obtained by inversion of a horizontal-direction required response spectrum in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a predicted velocity time course curve obtained by inversion of a horizontal-direction desired response spectrum in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a predicted acceleration time course curve obtained by inversion of a vertical required response spectrum in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a predicted velocity time course curve obtained by inversion of a vertical-direction desired response spectrum in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a finite element model of an apparatus for amplifying acceleration of a seismic testing stand in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a frequency response curve between the installation position of the side part (the required monitoring point) and the base (the output of the earthquake test stand) in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a frequency response result obtained from FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is an X-direction time-course curve of finite element calculation results of monitoring points required in the transient time-course response analysis process according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph comparing a response spectrum curve corresponding to the X-direction acceleration time course curve in the finite element calculation result of FIG. 11 with a graph of a required response spectrum;
FIG. 13 is a Y-direction time-course curve of finite element calculation results of monitoring points required in the transient time-course response analysis process according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph comparing a response spectrum curve corresponding to the Y-direction acceleration time course curve in the finite element calculation result of FIG. 13 with a graph of a required response spectrum;
FIG. 15 is a Z-direction time-course curve of finite element calculation results of monitoring points required in the transient time-course response analysis process according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a graph comparing a response spectrum curve corresponding to the Z-direction acceleration time course curve in the finite element calculation result of FIG. 15 with a graph of a required response spectrum;
FIG. 17 is an X-direction time-course curve of a required monitoring point obtained after debugging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a comparison graph of a response spectrum curve corresponding to the X-direction time course curve of the required monitoring point obtained after debugging in FIG. 17 and a required response spectrum curve;
FIG. 19 is a Y-direction time-course curve of a required monitoring point obtained after debugging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a comparison graph of the response spectrum curve corresponding to the Y-direction time course curve of the required monitoring point obtained after debugging in FIG. 19 and the required response spectrum curve;
FIG. 21 is a Z-direction time-course curve of a required monitoring point obtained after debugging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 22 is a comparison graph of a response spectrum curve corresponding to the Z-direction time course curve of the required monitoring point obtained after debugging fig. 21 and a required response spectrum curve graph.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and "middle" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications of the relative relationship may be made without substantial technical changes.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an acceleration amplifying device for a seismic testing stand, including a base 10 rigidly connected to the seismic testing stand; a base plate 20 is fixedly arranged on the base 10, two ends of the base plate 20 are connected to the base 10, and the base plate 20 is arranged in a suspended manner relative to the earthquake test bed; the upper end surface of the base plate 20 is provided with a column 30.
When the earthquake-proof test is performed, the base 10 is rigidly connected to the earthquake test stand, and the object 50 to be tested is rigidly fixed to a predetermined position of the upright 30 through the kit 40. According to the test requirements, preset acceleration, speed values and the like which need to be input are set on the earthquake test bed, the acceleration amplifying device resonates, the acceleration amplifying device obviously amplifies the energy in a resonant frequency band, and the test reaction spectrum of a preset position on the acceleration amplifying device is obviously improved relative to the output of the earthquake test bed, so that the detected piece 50 on the upright post 30 is in a preset test condition (namely, the test reaction spectrum detected at the position can envelop the required reaction spectrum); furthermore, even if the reaction spectrum required by the test is high in numerical value, the time course acceleration and speed values obtained through inversion exceed the limit value of the earthquake test bed, and the related test can be carried out through the acceleration amplifying device.
As shown in FIG. 1, during this process, the horizontal acceleration of the seismic stand is amplified primarily by the columns 30 and the vertical acceleration is amplified primarily by the bottom plate 20. The pillar 30 has a hollow structure. The arrangement of the hollow structure reduces the overall quality and also ensures the requirement of the horizontal first-order resonance frequency.
It should be noted that, with the difference of the detected piece 50, the specific size of the base plate 20, the specific size of the base 10, the welding height and the specific quality of the kit 40, and the specific size of the column 30 of the acceleration amplifying device that can satisfy the nuclear power anti-seismic test are different, and the specific numerical values of these data are different. Therefore, before the nuclear power anti-seismic test is performed by using the acceleration amplifier, the acceleration amplifier needs to be subjected to a simulation test to obtain specific data of each component.
The nuclear power anti-seismic test requires that the three axial directions simultaneously load high acceleration, namely, the test device needs to amplify the output of the seismic test bench in the three axial directions simultaneously. In order to facilitate the simulation test of the acceleration amplifying device, the upright column 30 is a rectangular cuboid, the upright column 30 is located in the center of the base plate 20, and the base 10 is of a square frame structure. For convenience of material drawing, the upright column 30, the base plate 20 and the base 10 are all made of steel materials, wherein the base 10 is formed by welding section steel.
Considering the triaxial coupling of the amplification device, frequency response analysis can be performed on different sizes of the bottom flat plate 20 and the rectangular steel upright post 30 through finite element software, and X, Y, Z triaxial resonance frequency points and amplification coefficients can enable the three axial resonance frequency points, resonance frequency width and amplification coefficients of the test device X, Y, Z to meet the requirements of the nuclear power anti-seismic test. And debugging the formed acceleration amplifying device for multiple times, namely continuously adjusting the output of the earthquake test bed, measuring the actual acceleration value of the installation position of the detected piece 50 obtained by amplifying through the acceleration amplifying device, and calculating a reaction spectrum, so that the required reaction spectrum can be enveloped by the test reaction spectrum finally.
Next, a simulation test of the acceleration amplifier will be specifically described by taking a nuclear-grade rotation speed sensor as the object 50 to be detected. Wherein, nuclear level rotational speed sensor installs in joining in marriage external member 40, should join in marriage external member 40 for the installation of the actual installation in the main pump of sensor is simulated to cuboid iron plate, and both total masses are about 20 kg. According to the requirement of HAF J0053-1995 (nuclear power equipment anti-seismic identification test guideline [ S ]) on the position of a monitoring point, the monitoring point is determined as the interface of a nuclear-grade rotating speed sensor and a matching set during anti-seismic test.
As shown in fig. 2, S1 is the horizontal expected experimental response spectrum, S2 is the horizontal required response spectrum; as shown in fig. 3, S4 is the expected experimental response spectrum in the vertical direction, and S3 is the required response spectrum in the vertical direction; the acceptance criterion of the acceleration amplifying device is that the expected test reaction spectrum in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is required to envelop the reaction spectrum.
From the preliminary analysis of the required response spectra in fig. 2 and 3 (i.e., S2 and S3), it can be seen that the ZPA (zero cycle acceleration) of the required response spectra in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is about 10g (g is gravity acceleration), which exceeds the maximum acceleration of 7g output by the existing seismic testing stand. Meanwhile, the horizontal direction requires that the response spectrum S2 has a high spectrum value between 4 and 16Hz, and the requirement on the speed of a seismic test bed is particularly high. Wherein, current seismic test bench performance: acceleration: the directions of X, Y and Z are all 7 g; speed: the X and Y directions are both + -2.5 m/s, and the Z direction is both + -1.5 m/s. Carrying out inversion on the horizontal required response spectrum S2 in the figure 2 to obtain a horizontal predicted acceleration and predicted speed time course graph 4 and a horizontal predicted speed time course graph 5; the vertical required response spectrum S3 of fig. 3 is inverted to obtain the predicted acceleration and predicted velocity time course graphs 6 and 7 in the vertical direction.
As can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, the expected maximum acceleration and the expected maximum velocity obtained by inverting the horizontal direction requirement response spectrum S2 are about 8g and 2.8m/S, respectively, which are greater than the maximum acceleration 7g and the maximum velocity 2.5m/S of the existing seismic test bed. As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, the expected maximum acceleration obtained by inverting the vertical required response spectrum S3 is about 5.8g, and the expected maximum velocity is about 1.1m/S, with a certain margin. In conclusion, the capability of the existing earthquake test bed can not meet the test requirement.
When the finite element method is adopted to design the amplifying device, the main parameters to be considered comprise: mass, first order resonance frequency point, frequency response coefficient (equivalent to amplification coefficient), resonance frequency bandwidth, and attenuation characteristics.
In order to reduce the influence of the mass of the acceleration amplifying device on the output performance of the earthquake test bed, the mass of the acceleration amplifying device should be as small as possible. The weight of the test object 50 and the kit 40 is 20kg, and if it does not affect the resonance frequency of the acceleration amplifier, the mass of the acceleration amplifier is at least 200 kg. In summary, the mass of the acceleration amplifying device is designed to be about 200 kg.
As can be seen from fig. 4, 5, 6, and 7, the conventional seismic stand cannot meet the requirements for horizontal acceleration, velocity, and the like, and the vertical acceleration and velocity have substantially reached the limits of the seismic stand. Therefore, the first-order resonant frequency and the frequency response coefficient in the horizontal direction of the acceleration amplifying device are mainly considered when the acceleration amplifying device is designed, that is, the resonant frequency and the frequency response coefficient in the vertical direction are considered to a certain extent on the premise of ensuring the realization of the horizontal direction. The output of the earthquake test bed in the vertical direction can be as small as possible on the premise that the vertical direction meets the required response spectrum, so that the possessed capacity of the earthquake test bed is more provided for the horizontal direction of the earthquake test bed, and the horizontal direction can easily meet the requirement of earthquake resistance test.
As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the high energy region of the response spectrum is mainly concentrated between 4-16Hz and has a high value, which is the main reason why the time-course curve obtained by inverting the response spectrum has a high value. In order to obviously reduce the output of the earthquake test bed between 4Hz and 16Hz, the first-order resonant frequency of the designed acceleration amplifying device is required to be between 4Hz and 16 Hz. Therefore, the first-order resonance frequency of the acceleration amplifying device should be designed to be the median of the above frequency band, which is about 10 Hz.
The acceleration amplifying device is designed to have enough resonance frequency band to ensure that when in resonance, enough energy is in the frequency band to envelope the high energy region of the reaction spectrum. The high energy region of the response spectrum is mainly concentrated in the 4-16Hz range with a bandwidth of 12Hz, so that the resonance frequency bandwidth of the amplifying device is about 10 Hz.
When a specific simulation test is carried out, the predicted maximum acceleration (8g) of the horizontal required response spectrum inversion is about 1.15 times of the maximum acceleration (7g) of the seismic test bed, but on one hand, the energy of a functional true frequency band is only a part of the total energy of the required whole frequency band, on the other hand, a resonance frequency band is an important factor for realizing the required response spectrum, and the amplification factor corresponding to the first-order resonance frequency is high enough to ensure that the resonance frequency has enough energy. Based on the above analysis and past experience, the amplification factor should be not less than 3.
Since the first-order resonant frequency of the amplifying device includes the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, when designing the amplifying device, it is not always guaranteed that the resonant frequency of the horizontal direction and the resonant frequency of the vertical direction are both around 10 Hz. Therefore, for the finite element model, the design principle of the amplifying device is: the horizontal first-order resonance frequency is about 10Hz, and the frequency response coefficient is more than 3; the vertical resonant frequency is also as close to 10Hz as possible, while the frequency response coefficient is as high as possible. If the vertical direction does not satisfy the requirement of 10Hz, it is not considered too much.
After passing through the resonance region, a decay frequency band generally follows, the energy of which also decreases. If the attenuated frequency point occurs too early, it may occur that the frequency band behind the high energy region of the response spectrum fails to achieve an envelope. As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the cut-off frequency of the response spectrum is required to be about 20Hz, i.e. the energy of the response spectrum after 20Hz is substantially negligible, and if the attenuation frequency band starts from this point, the envelope of the response spectrum is not substantially affected. Conservative considerations, the starting frequency of the decay frequency band should be at least 15 Hz.
According to the structure of the acceleration amplifying device, the amplification of the horizontal acceleration is mainly realized by the rectangular steel upright 30 and the square counterweight, and the amplification of the vertical acceleration is mainly realized by the bottom flat plate 20. The H-section steel of the base 10 is mainly used for connection with a seismic test stand and ensures sufficient rigidity.
Various acceleration amplification devices with different sizes are designed, including different thicknesses and widths of the bottom flat plate 20, selection of rectangular steel, height of the counterweight and the like. For the frequency response of the amplifying device, coupling in three directions must occur, such as the bottom plate 20 affecting the resonance frequency in the horizontal direction. The size of the bottom plate 20 is adjusted several times during the size design, so that the resonant frequency and the frequency response coefficient of the horizontal and vertical directions of the amplifying device can meet the design requirements as much as possible.
In the frequency response checking calculation, Patran-Nastran software can be adopted to carry out frequency response analysis, the model is shown in figure 8, the total number of units is 2565, the number of nodes is 2854, and the damping ratio is 5%. And calculating to obtain a frequency response curve between the installation point (the required monitoring point) of the rotation speed sensor and the base (the output of the earthquake test stand), as shown in fig. 9, wherein T1 is an X-direction frequency response curve, T2 is a Y-direction frequency response curve, and T3 is a Z-direction frequency response curve.
From fig. 9, a frequency response result chart shown in fig. 10 can be obtained, that is, parameters such as the resonance frequency, the amplification factor, the resonance frequency bandwidth, the starting point of the attenuation frequency band, and the like of the acceleration amplification device in three directions. The horizontal parameters basically satisfy the design requirements, and although the individual parameters deviate from the previous requirements, the overall acceptance is acceptable, and the designed acceleration amplifying device model is basically reliable and reasonable.
As shown in fig. 1, the finally determined acceleration amplifying device dimensions are a square frame (welded by H-beam) having a thickness of 5mm × a width of 190mm of the bottom plate 20 and a base 10 of 550mm × 550mm, a welded height of the fitting 40 is 200mm (relative to the upper end surface of the bottom plate 20), and the total weight of the detected object 50 and the fitting 40 is 40 kg.
Next, transient time course analysis was performed using Ansys software according to the designed model. Inputting a time course curve in the finite element model, wherein the horizontal X direction is about 80% of the required reaction spectrum, the Y direction is 85% of the required reaction spectrum, the vertical Z direction is 80% of the required reaction spectrum, and in the corresponding input time course: the maximum acceleration in the horizontal and vertical directions were 6.7g and 4.3g, respectively, and the maximum velocities were 2.3m/s and 0.8m/s, respectively, all within the seismic stand capability. In the transient time-course response analysis process of fig. 11, 13 and 15, respectively, the time-course curves in the X, Y and Z directions of the finite element calculation result of the installation position (i.e. the required monitoring point) of the detected member 50 are obtained; referring to fig. 12, 14 and 16, S6, S8 and S10 are graphs comparing response spectrum curves corresponding to acceleration time-course curves in X, Y and Z directions of the finite element calculation results with required response spectrum curves, respectively; the S5, S7 and S9 are the X-direction, Y-direction and Z-direction required reaction spectrum curves, respectively.
And debugging is carried out according to the result of finite element calculation, the corner with the frequency of 4Hz cannot be enveloped in the debugging process, and under the condition, the output of the frequency component of the part is increased by increasing the spectrum value about 4Hz or increasing the spectrum value about the resonance frequency point for many times or increasing the spectrum value and the resonance frequency point simultaneously, so that the reaction spectrum required by the envelope of the test reaction spectrum is finally realized. In the process of increasing the spectrum value, multiple inversions are needed to ensure that the time course obtained by inversion is within the capability range of the seismic test bed. And finally, debugging the obtained acceleration time-course curves requiring the monitoring points in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction and corresponding test reaction spectrum curves. As shown in FIGS. 17 to 22, S12, S14 and S16 are the test response curves in the X direction, Y direction and Z direction, respectively, and S11, S13 and S15 are the required response curves in the X direction, Y direction and Z direction, respectively.
Meanwhile, after multiple times of debugging, the horizontal acceleration and the speed output of the seismic test bed are respectively about 6.8g and 1.9m/s, and the vertical direction is about 4g and 0.7 m/s. It can be seen that the output of the seismic stand in the horizontal direction has substantially reached the performance limit. As can be seen from fig. 18, 20 and 22, the horizontal acceleration of the monitoring point is required to be more than 15g, the vertical acceleration is required to be more than 8g, the response of the required position is obviously amplified compared with the output of the earthquake test bed, and the test response spectrum can envelop the required response spectrum.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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| CN113240993A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-10 | 中国地震局工程力学研究所 | Seismic acceleration response spectrum display model and operation method |
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