CN112761618B - Horizontal oil well liquid production profile testing method - Google Patents
Horizontal oil well liquid production profile testing method Download PDFInfo
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- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing a liquid production profile of a horizontal oil well, which comprises the following steps: (1) respectively preparing the series of marking elements into a water-based marker and an oil-based marker; (2) placing one of the water-based markers and one of the oil-based markers of step (1) together in a delivery device; (3) determining the number and the installation position of the releasing devices according to the measurement requirement of the fluid production profile; (4) connecting a release device on the oil pipe and reaching a preset position; then, the oil well normally operates to start production; (5) sampling from the wellhead of the oil well according to set time to obtain an oil well detection sample; (6) and (4) carrying out measurement analysis on the oil well detection sample. The normal running state of the horizontal well can not be damaged, the system error can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy and the reliability of the measuring result are improved. The method has breakthrough significance for measuring the liquid production profile of the oil well, and the existing oil well measuring mode must be changed after the method is applied on a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oilfield exploitation, in particular to the field of underground determination of oilfield exploitation, and specifically relates to a method for testing a liquid production profile of a horizontal oil well.
Background
The liquid production profile test of the horizontal oil well is a difficult problem in the field of petroleum logging, and relates to the following aspects:
1) accessibility difficulties
The traditional instrument is lowered into the well by self gravity, and the instrument string is difficult to continue to advance after reaching the vicinity of the whipstock; therefore, a MaxTRAC crawler is specially designed by the Schlumberger company, and the crawler drags a signal cable and a power cable to bring an instrument string into a horizontal section; however, once the horizontal section is relatively long, or the track of the well bore is tortuous and fluctuated, or the casing pipe is deformed, the crawler is easy to be blocked, and even the crawler is clamped in the horizontal section, so that accidents are caused;
2) problems of production testing
The traditional instrument is driven by a cable to go down a well, and due to the existence of the instrument and the cable, the produced liquid needs to be lifted to the ground in unconventional modes such as gas lift and the like to cause the liquid to flow, so that the parameters are measured; the measures objectively change the flowing environment of the whole horizontal section, so that deviation exists between test data and real data during normal production, and the test conclusion is inaccurate;
3) adaptation to severe downhole conditions
The interior of the traditional instrument mainly comprises an electronic device, and the electronic device is most suitable for working in a normal-temperature environment; when the instrument works in a high-temperature environment underground for a long time, the problem of drift of the working point of the instrument can occur, and even the fault of the instrument can be caused.
At present, related techniques have been disclosed in patent documents. For example, chinese patent application CN200810166820.2 discloses a horizontal well tubing conveyed test method under a pumping state, which includes (i) preparation work; secondly, the oil pumping pipe column of the original well is characterized by also comprising the following steps: a. sequentially putting a horizontal test instrument protective body, an internal pressure opening device and a first oil pipe to a preset depth; b. the testing instrument is put into the testing instrument protector, and the working length required by the testing instrument to extend out of the protector is reserved; c. installing a cable guider, then putting a second oil pipe and a vertical section of cable, and additionally installing a cable protector every a plurality of oil pipes according to specific well conditions; d. pressing the underground, opening a protective body of the test instrument, extending the test instrument out of the protective body of the horizontal test instrument, and continuing pressing to open the internal pressure opening device; e. a deep well pumping tool is put in, pumping is carried out repeatedly, the liquid level recovery speed is determined, and the time required by the completion of the test is calculated; f. after the pipe column and the test instrument are lifted to the depth of the first test point, repeated swabbing is started, the first test point is subjected to a liquid production profile test after swabbing reaches the designed swabbing depth, then the pipe column and the cable are lifted until the tests of all the test points are completed, and if all the points cannot be tested within the calculated test completion time range, secondary swabbing is required; g. and after the test is finished, the swabbing tool, the oil pipe and the cable guider are pulled out, the other pipe columns are pulled out, and the whole test operation process is finished.
Chinese patent application CN200810137499.5 discloses a preset liquid production profile testing method for mechanical horizontal well and a special wellhead testing device, which can make a testing cable and a tester be placed in a horizontal well in advance to test a target layer by matching with a special wellhead support, and ensure that the cable is not collided during the lifting and lowering process of an oil pipe.
In order to solve the logging problem of the horizontal well, the industry also uses a layered sampling method to carry out testing work. The oil pipe is used for driving a separator to descend to a horizontal section, the horizontal section is separated section by section, and the separate flow parameters of each section are obtained respectively by layer mining and sampling. During normal production, the flow field of the underground horizontal section is in a complex dynamic balance process, the parameter of a certain layer section is obtained in an isolated manner, and the real state of the layer section during normal production is difficult to represent.
Therefore, a new method and/or apparatus is urgently needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing a liquid production profile of a horizontal oil well, which is a method for testing the liquid production profile of the horizontal oil well in a production state. When the release device is used, the release device is arranged at each target position in the horizontal oil well along with the oil pipe (namely, the release device is directly connected with the oil pipe). And after the arrangement is finished, the oil well performs normal production operation. When the produced liquid flows through the release device, the release device can release water-soluble substances (inert when meeting oil) and oil-soluble substances (inert when meeting water), and the release amount of the water-soluble substances is related to the produced liquid flow and the oil and water content. The production fluid is sampled by the staff at the well according to the specified time interval. The flow of the produced liquid at each target position in the well and the proportion of water and crude oil in the produced liquid can be accurately reduced by carrying out post-processing and data analysis on the produced liquid sample, so that the purpose of production logging is realized. By selecting the marker and adopting trace analysis, the method can be used for short-term testing of a problem well for 5-10 days and can also be used for long-term monitoring of a production well for 3-5 years. For the monitoring of the production well, the test period is effectively prolonged, the times of taking and placing operations of the oil pipe and the labor intensity of workers are reduced, and the test efficiency and the continuous operation time of the oil well are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:
a method for testing a liquid production profile of a horizontal oil well comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing the series of marking elements into a water-based marker and an oil-based marker;
(2) placing one of the water-based markers and one of the oil-based markers of step (1) together in a release device to form a marker test assembly, wherein different combinations of the water-based markers and the oil-based markers form different marker test assemblies;
(3) determining the number and the installation position of the marking test components according to the measurement requirement of the fluid production profile, and connecting the marking test components with the oil pipe to form an oil pipe working unit;
(4) the oil pipe working unit is lowered to the underground to be measured, and the marking test assembly is made to reach a preset position; then, the oil well normally operates and starts to produce;
(5) sampling from a wellhead of an oil well according to set time to obtain an oil well detection sample;
(6) and (4) measuring and analyzing the oil well detection sample to obtain the production fluid flow and the oil-water ratio data of the production fluid corresponding to the production fluid profile.
In step 1, the series of marking elements includes:151Eu、191Ir、109Ag、133Cs、115In、152Sm、59Co、187Re、139La、159Tb、176Lu、181Ta、45Sc、55Mn、180Hf、186W、169Tm、164Dy、103Rh、121Sb；
the prepared water-based marker is an oxalic acid compound of a marking element, and the oxalic acid compound is soluble in water and insoluble in oil; the prepared oil-based marker is a stearic acid compound of a marking element, and the stearic acid compound is soluble in oil and insoluble in water.
In the step 1, the selected marking elements are elements for measuring the liquid production profile of the horizontal oil well.
In the step 1, the selection operation of the marking elements is as follows:
(a) selecting elements capable of participating in neutron activation treatment, and calculating element factors S of the selected elements according to the following formula (1):
S＝θ·σ·β·γ/M (1)，
in the formula (1), theta is element abundance (percentage), sigma is neutron action section (unit is bar), beta is decay branch ratio (percentage), gamma is ray absolute intensity (percentage), and M is atomic weight;
(b) b, sorting the elements from large to small according to the S factor according to the measurement result of the step a, and primarily selecting the elements with the top sorting; then gamma-ray interference rejection is carried out in the preliminarily selected elements, namely, only the elements with large S factors are reserved in the elements with characteristic gamma-ray signal mutual interference; and finally, the remaining elements are the marking elements.
In the step b, the selected marking elements are used for manufacturing water-based markers and oil-based markers, and the content of the corresponding elements can be determined by measuring the intensity of the gamma signals of the characteristics of the corresponding elements after neutron activation.
In the step b, N elements with the largest S factors are selected, and gamma ray interference elimination is carried out on the selected elements, namely for the elements with gamma ray interference, only the elements with the largest S factors are reserved; the remaining elements are the marker elements.
The number of N is 10-40; preferably, N is 20.
In step 1, the water-based marker is prepared as follows: and (3) selecting an oxalic acid compound for the water-based marking element, and forming under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, wherein the forming temperature is controlled to be between 20 ℃ below the melting point temperature of the corresponding oxalic acid compound and the melting point temperature, and the pressure is 8-20 MPa.
The oil-based markers were made as follows: and selecting a stearic acid compound for the oil-based marking element, and forming under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, wherein the forming temperature is controlled to be between 20 ℃ below the melting point temperature of the corresponding stearic acid compound and the melting point temperature, and the pressure is 8-20 MPa.
In the step 3, a hollow short section is adopted as a release device, and two ends of the release device are used for being connected with an oil pipe; two ends of the release device are provided with flow passage holes, and the flow passage holes are communicated with the inner cavity of the release device and the annular space of the sleeve; the assay marker is located in the lumen of the release device.
And flow passage holes are formed in the two ends of the release device along the circumference, and the flow passage holes in the two ends of the release device are respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the release device and the annular space of the sleeve.
Using the method for testing of a production well;
or to use the method for problem finding of production wells that are out of production.
The method is used for searching high aquifers in a production stopping well.
In the step 6, the oil well detection sample is measured and analyzed, and the operation is as follows:
(c) removing solid impurities, Na ions and K ions in the oil well detection sample, and concentrating and enriching to obtain an irradiation sample;
(d) c, performing irradiation treatment on the irradiation sample prepared in the step c, and activating the marker elements into isotopes with the atomic weight increased by 1 unit to obtain a sample to be detected;
(e) and (3) carrying out gamma ray measurement on the sample to be detected to obtain the content of the corresponding marker in the oil well detection sample before irradiation.
In the step d, the irradiation treatment time is 10-60 hours.
Preferably, the irradiation treatment time is 24 h.
The method is used for measuring the flow and the proportion of oil and water at different sections in the oil well production fluid.
The method is used for measuring the flow and the proportion of oil and water at different sections in the horizontal oil well production fluid.
The method is used for measuring the flow rate and the oil-water ratio of the fracturing interval, so that the fracturing effect is evaluated.
In the step 6, based on the measured irradiation intensity, the following formula (2) is used for calculation:
f(q，t)＝a0+a1·q2+a2·q·t+a3·t2+a4·q+a5·t (2)；
in the formula (2): f is the content of the marker of the liquid production in unit volume, and enough data samples can be obtained through periodic sampling and measurement; t is the working time (t is the time from the start of the release of the marker to the time of sampling); q is the flow rate of the marked liquid; a is0、a1、a2、a3、a4、a5Is the coefficient of each term.
Through calculation, the flow values of oil and water at the corresponding liquid production section can be obtained, and further the total flow and the oil-water ratio of the corresponding liquid production section can be calculated.
In view of the foregoing, the present application provides a method for testing a horizontal oil well fluid production profile. Here, the working principle of the present application is explained by the inventor as follows: different oil-soluble substances (namely oil-based markers) and water-soluble substances (namely water-based markers) are arranged in each releasing device similar to an oil pipe nipple, and the releasing devices are directly connected with the oil pipe and are put into a designated position along with the oil pipe; during normal production, production liquid flows through the release device, the oil-based marker in the release device is dissolved and released when meeting oil, the water-based marker is dissolved and released when meeting water, and the respective release amounts are related to the flow rate of the flowing oil or water and the working time of the marker in the well; on the well, sampling the produced liquid at different time intervals, and sending the sample to an analysis chamber for measurement; in an analysis chamber, a neutron is used for activating a sample to enable released substances in the sample to have radioactivity, a gamma ray measuring instrument is used for carrying out gamma energy spectrum measurement on the activated sample, the contents of different released substances in the sample are read out through gamma energy spectrum solution, then the contribution of oil and water of each interval is calculated, the flow of produced liquid of each target position in the well and the proportion of water and crude oil in the produced liquid are accurately reduced, and therefore the purpose of production logging is achieved.
In earlier studies, the inventors found that when marking a horizontal well with a common marker, the common marker must achieve a certain release rate to achieve a measurement baseline. The diameter of the oil pipe is a certain value, so that the diameter of the common marker is smaller than that of the oil pipe, and the release time of the common marker is within a certain range, basically less than three months or even shorter, because the common marker has to reach a certain release speed. This presents a problem in that common markers can only be measured over a certain time frame (e.g., three months) during horizontal well operations. When full life cycle measurements are required for a horizontal well, the common markers need to be replaced repeatedly. When the common marker is replaced, the oil pipe connected with the release device needs to be taken out, the common marker is replaced, and the oil pipe connected with the replaced common marker is placed in the well again. By adopting the mode, when the common marker is replaced, the well needs to be stopped, the normal operation of the oil well is influenced, and the labor and replacement cost are high.
According to the method and the device, the selection of the marker and the use of trace measurement can realize the accurate measurement of the flow of the liquid production profile of the oil well at different levels and the oil-water ratio on the premise of greatly reducing the release rate of the marker. By selecting the marker and adopting trace analysis, the method can be used for short-term testing of a problem well for 5-10 days and can also be used for long-term monitoring of a production well for 3-5 years. By adopting the method, the requirement of long-period and continuous measurement can be met; on the premise of adopting the marker with the same mass as the common marker, the release period is greatly prolonged based on the change of the release rate and the marker object. Through actual determination, the release period of the marker can reach more than five years and even be longer by adopting the method, and the measurement requirement in the whole life cycle of an oil well can be completely met. In short, the method and the device can completely realize one-time well entry operation and full-period measurement after the oil pipe is connected with the marker, and are a breakthrough innovation compared with the prior art. Meanwhile, the normal running state of the horizontal well cannot be damaged, the system error can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy and the reliability of the measuring result are improved. The method has breakthrough significance for measuring the liquid production profile of the oil well, and the existing oil well measuring mode must be changed after the method is applied on a large scale.
In the application, the calculation of the flow rate of the fluid production profile is not only based on the content of the measured marker, but also increases the factor of the working time of the marker in the well. The common method for calculating the release of the marker is to only pay attention to the content of the marker in the current production fluid and calculate the flow rate by using the content of the marker. The dissolution speed of the solid marker in the liquid in the method is not only related to the movement speed of the liquid, but also related to the surface area of the solid marker and the diffusion path of the marker molecules; in the dissolving process, along with the deep development of the dissolving behavior, the surface area of the marker and the molecular diffusion path of the marker are changed; in this application, the changes in the surface area of the marker and the diffusion path of the marker molecules are integrated into the expression of the marker at the downhole elapsed time. The present application will become more accurate in calculating the production profile over the life of the well, taking into account the release process that has occurred for the marker.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the installation of the release device in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a plurality of marking test assemblies according to an embodiment.
The mark in the figure is: 1. the device comprises an oil pipe joint, 2, a flow passage, 3, an oil-based marker, 4, a water-based marker, 5, a device shell, 6, a flow guide sleeve, 7, a flow passage hole, 8, a sleeve, 9, an oil pipe, 10 and an oil inlet short joint.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving an equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
In this embodiment, the specific operation of the horizontal well fluid production profile test is as follows.
1. Marker element selection
In the application, the measurement of the marked elements is to measure radioactive gamma rays after neutron activation, and the content of the elements is determined by the strength of a gamma signal which is characteristic of each element. Therefore, the selected elements should comprehensively consider the following elements: the element abundance theta, the neutron action cross section sigma, the decay branch ratio beta, the ray absolute intensity gamma, and the atomic weight M. According to the factors, an element selection factor S is set, and the following formula (1) shows that:
S＝θ·σ·β·γ/M (1)，
in formula (1), σ is expressed in bar.
Calculating all elements capable of participating in neutron activation analysis according to a formula (1) (namely an S factor calculation formula), selecting a plurality of elements with larger S factors, and carrying out gamma ray interference rejection in the selected elements, namely only retaining the elements with the larger S factors from the elements with characteristic gamma ray signal mutual interference; and finally, the remaining elements are the marking elements.
In this embodiment, 30 elements with the largest S factor are selected, and gamma-ray interference rejection is performed among the 30 elements. Through calculation and investigation one by one, the following elements are finally determined as marking elements:151Eu、191Ir、109Ag、133Cs、115In、152Sm、59Co、187Re、139La、159Tb、176Lu、181Ta、45Sc、55Mn、180Hf、186W、169Tm、164Dy、103Rh、121and (5) Sb. The relevant data are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 results of S factor calculation
2. Marker preparation
The water-based marker was made as follows: the oxalic acid compound used for the water-based marking element is selected and formed under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the forming temperature is controlled to be between 20 ℃ below the melting point temperature of the corresponding oxalic acid compound and the melting point temperature (for example, if the melting point temperature is T ℃, the corresponding forming temperature range is T-20 ℃ to T ℃), and the pressure is 8-20 MPa.
The oil-based markers were made as follows: selecting a stearic acid compound for the oil-based marking element, and forming under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, wherein the forming temperature is controlled to be between 20 ℃ below the melting point temperature of the corresponding stearic acid compound and the melting point temperature, and the pressure is 8-20 MPa.
In this embodiment, the water-based markers are the same shape and size as the oil-based markers to simplify subsequent data calculations. Specifically, the water-based marker prepared in the embodiment is of a columnar structure, the length of the water-based marker is 50cm, and the diameter of the water-based marker is determined according to different borehole sizes; the prepared oil-based marker is of a cylindrical structure, the length of the oil-based marker is 50cm, and the diameter of the oil-based marker is determined according to different borehole sizes.
3. Release device design
As shown in figure 1, in the embodiment, the releasing device is designed into a section of hollow short section, and two ends of the short section are connected with the oil pipe joint. Meanwhile, the two ends of the short section are circumferentially provided with flow passage holes, the flow passage holes are communicated with the inner cavity of the release device and the annular space of the sleeve, and the marker to be released is placed in the inner cavity of the short section in the middle. Meanwhile, the inlet end of the releasing device is provided with a horn-shaped flexible guide sleeve for guiding liquid in the guide sleeve to flow into the channel hole. In fig. 1, two ends of the release device are connected with the oil pipe joints respectively; the release device is a section of hollow short section, the oil-based marker and the water-based marker are respectively positioned in a device shell of the short section, flow channels are formed between the oil-based marker and the device shell, and flow channel holes are respectively arranged at two ends of the flow channels; meanwhile, a flow passage hole at one side of the short section facing the bottom end of the well is matched with the flow guide sleeve; the produced liquid at the well bottom end can flow out through the flow channel hole at the side of the short section facing the well head end after sequentially passing through the flow channel hole at the side of the short section facing the well bottom end and the flow channel in the releasing device.
During normal production, liquid flows from the bottom end to the top end in the sleeve annulus and flows through the release device, and due to the blocking and guiding of the flow guide sleeve, part of the liquid enters the release device and flows through the surface of the marker to be released; then flows out from the flow passage hole at the downstream of the releasing device and returns to the annular space of the casing. When liquid flows through the surface of the marker in the releasing device, the oil-based marker is contacted with oil and can be automatically released into the oil; the water-based marker is automatically released into the water when it comes into contact with the water.
4. Logging process
The process of the fluid production profile test of an oil well will be described.
1) Designing a device distribution scheme: namely, determining the fluid production profile of which layers need to be concerned specifically, placing a release device at the concerned position, and testing the flow rate and the oil-water ratio of the profile at the concerned position. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, A, B, C, D, E are each five release devices, each of which can monitor production profile parameters at the location of the fluid arrival device from the bottom end direction.
2) And at the logging site, the oil pipe is lowered into the well together with all the releasing devices, and all the releasing devices reach the preset positions.
3) The production is started according to normal operation.
4) Samples were taken from the well head at regular intervals.
5) And (4) delivering the sample liquid to an analysis chamber for measurement and analysis.
6) From the measurement data, the profile data of each point is calculated.
5. Sample measurement
In an analysis room, firstly, processing and sample preparation are carried out on a liquid sample, including filtering to remove solid impurities, removing Na and K ions in the liquid sample, carrying out concentration and enrichment on a marker and the like, and preparing the sample to obtain an irradiation sample. The irradiated sample was then irradiated with 24 hours of radiation using a neutron source to activate the marker element to an isotope with an atomic weight increase of 1 unit. And moving the irradiated sample into a lead shielding chamber, and performing gamma ray measurement by using a high-purity germanium detector.
Since each isotope of each marker element releases gamma rays with a specific energy when decaying, the respective content of each marker element before irradiation in the sample can be calculated according to the intensity of the gamma rays.
6. Production profile calculation
The surface release rate of the marker is mainly related to the flow rate and the accumulated release time on the premise that the flow passage structure of the release device is fixed, the underground environments (temperature, pressure and casing size) are consistent, and the oil and water components are unchanged. The inventors have verified this understanding by a surface simulation device and can be expressed as a second order mathematical approximation as follows:
f(q，t)＝a0+a1·q2+a2·q·t+a3·t2+a4·q+a5·t (2)；
in the formula (2): f is the content of the marker in the produced liquid per unit volume (in g/L), and enough data samples can be obtained through periodic sampling and measurement; t is the working time (t is the time from the start of the release of the marker to the time of sampling); q is the flow rate of the marked liquid (in square/day); a is a0、a1、a2、a3、a4、a5Is the coefficient of each term.
Finally, the flow q value is given by a fitting calculation through a group of data samples with at least 10 f values. Through calculation, the flow values of oil and water at each position can be obtained, and further the total flow and the oil-water ratio of each section can be calculated.
Example 1
The general procedure for horizontal well fluid production profile testing is as follows.
1) The underground release device is designed according to the distribution scheme: determining which intervals need to be concerned about according to well conditions, counting the number of intervals and specific positions of front and back ends of each interval (the front end is close to the bottom of the well, and the back end is far away from the bottom of the well). And arranging a release device at the rear end of each concerned layer section, wherein the number of the concerned layer sections is the number of the release devices required to be arranged. For example, 5 intervals need to be measured, and 5 release devices need to be placed at the back end of each interval, as shown in fig. 2.
2) Factory production: according to the above, the liquid production condition of 5 intervals needs to be measured, firstly, 5 solid oil-based markers and 5 solid water-based markers are formed, and then, the solid oil-based markers and the 5 solid water-based markers are matched and installed into the release cavities of the release devices in pairs, namely, one oil-based marker and one water-based marker are installed in each release device, 5 complete release devices are assembled, and the release devices are respectively marked A, B, C, D, E.
3) Preparing on the well: 1, performing necessary well washing and drifting operation before the releasing device is put into the well, and ensuring that the releasing device can pass through the well smoothly when being put into the well; 2, a manual sampling valve and a sampling port are arranged on the wellhead Christmas tree, so that the on-site collection of liquid samples is conveniently carried out after the production logging is started; and 3, other preparation works are the same as the conventional well operation.
4) And (3) well descending: and connecting the 5 release devices with the oil pipe one by one, and descending the well from A to E in sequence to enable each release device to reach the designated position. And an oil inlet short joint is installed behind the last release device E. And (4) installing equipment between the oil inlet short section and the wellhead Christmas tree according to conventional downhole operation. As shown in fig. 2, the tubing is disposed within the casing.
5) Production: the liquid is produced according to the conventional operation, and the flow is kept stable.
6) Sampling: sampling at fixed time intervals, wherein 100ml of sample is taken every time; after 10 cycles, 10 samples were taken to obtain 10 samples.
7) Preparing a sample: in order to reduce the interference of the irrelevant elements on the marking signals in the later measurement, the main irrelevant elements Na and K in each liquid sample are firstly separated by a chemical method, and then the liquid sample from which the Na and K elements are removed is made into a solid sample.
8) Neutron activation: the solid samples are placed one by one in a thermal neutron field for irradiation, and the marking elements are activated into radioactive isotopes through irradiation.
9) And (3) gamma measurement: and (3) putting the activated sample into a lead shielding chamber, and performing gamma ray measurement and spectrum decomposition by using a high-purity germanium detector and a multichannel spectrometer. And calculating the content of each marker element in the sample by utilizing a neutron activation analysis technology according to the measured gamma count of each marker element in unit time.
10) Data normalization processing: and carrying out normalization processing on the content of each marker element in each standard product obtained by neutron activation analysis to obtain a normalization value of each marker element in the sample. Each marker element yielded 1 set of 10 normalized values.
11) Section calculation: substituting the normalized values of the oil-based marking elements and the water-based marking elements of the same release device into a formula (2), and respectively fitting and calculating the respective flow rates of the oil and the water in the interval to further obtain the oil-water ratio. And calculating other intervals according to the same method, and finally obtaining the fluid production profile of all the intervals of interest.
EXAMPLE 2 high water level well Water exploration test
For high water wells, if there is also a small amount of production, not only the primary water production interval but also the oil interval needs to be found. In the traditional water exploration test method, the main water outlet interval is mainly concerned, but in reality, if the main water outlet interval is accompanied by a small amount of produced oil, the main water outlet interval is blocked according to a test conclusion, and as a result, water is possibly blocked, and a small amount of oil is also blocked. Therefore, if the main water producing interval can be given, the main oil producing part of the well can also be given, and more comprehensive basic data can be provided for the subsequent comprehensive treatment.
As shown in figure 2, for a high water-cut horizontal well with 5 intervals, 5 releasing devices are planned, wherein the releasing device A is concerned about the liquid production condition at the bottom of the well and is filled with a water-based marker AWAnd oil-based markers AO(ii) a The release device B focuses on the fluid production between A and B, and the release device B is filled with a water-based marker BWAnd oil-based markers BO(ii) a The release device C focuses on the fluid production between B and C, and is filled with a water-based marker CWAnd oil-based markers CO(ii) a The release device D is concerned about the liquid production between C and D, and the release device D is internally provided with a water-based targetRecording object DWAnd oil-based marker DO(ii) a The release device E concerns the fluid production between D and E, the release device E being filled with a water-based marker EWAnd oil-based marker EO。
And an oil inlet short joint is arranged behind the last releasing device E. And conventional underground production equipment is arranged between the oil inlet short section and the wellhead Christmas tree.
And (3) obtaining an oil-based marker data signal group (Ao, Bo, Co, Do and Eo) and a water-based marker data signal group (Aw, Bw, Cw, Dw and Ew) by well descending, production, sampling and neutron activation analysis and finally carrying out normalization processing on the data. The water exploration test is mainly used for judging the main water-producing interval, so that the main water-producing interval can be determined through the sudden change of signals. First, the difference between the signals of adjacent markers, Δ ABo ═ Bo-Ao, Δ BCo ═ Co-Bo, Δ CDo ═ Do-Co, Δ DEo ═ Eo-Do, Δ ABw ═ Bw-Aw, Δ BCw ═ Cw-Bw, Δ CDw ═ Dw-Cw, Δ DEw ═ Ew-Dw, is determined.
If the dominant water producing interval occurs at the bottom hole site, the signal will appear: aw is much larger than Δ ABw and the four signal values Δ ABw, Δ BCw, Δ CDw, Δ DEw are not much different. If a dominant water layer segment occurs between the AB release devices, a signal will appear: Δ ABw is much larger than Aw, and the values of Aw, Δ BCw, Δ CDw, Δ DEw are not much different. The same method can determine if the prime water producing interval exists between BC, or CD, or DE.
And determining the main oil production intervals by using the data signals (Ao, delta ABo, delta BCo, delta CDo and delta DEo), wherein the method is the same as the method for judging the main water production intervals.
Example 3 horizontal well full lifecycle production monitoring
For a horizontal oil well, the technology of the application can be adopted to implement production monitoring of the whole life cycle, namely monitoring the liquid production condition of each interval of the horizontal well, wherein the liquid production condition comprises the flow rate and the oil-water ratio of each interval and the change trend of the production layer along with the production. The information is mastered at any time, and complete basic data are provided for scientific decisions of production management and maintenance schemes of the horizontal well.
As shown in fig. 2, a horizontal well just completed,Or a horizontal well which has been produced for years and has 5 intervals, the liquid production condition of each interval needs to be monitored for a long time, a release device is arranged at the rear end of each interval (the layer is far away from the bottom of the well and is the rear end of the interval), and A, B, C, D, E are arranged in the whole horizontal segment, and the total number of the release devices is 5. And an oil inlet short joint is arranged behind the last releasing device E. And conventional underground production equipment is arranged between the oil inlet short section and the wellhead Christmas tree. Wherein the release device A is concerned about the liquid production at the bottom of the well and is filled with a water-based marker AWAnd oil-based marker AO(ii) a The release device B focuses on the liquid production situation between A and B, and the release device B is filled with a water-based marker BWAnd oil-based marker BO(ii) a A release device C is concerned with the production between B and C, and is filled with a water-based marker CWAnd oil-based marker CO(ii) a The release device D focuses on the fluid production between C and D, and the release device D is filled with a water-based marker DWAnd oil-based marker DO(ii) a A release device E is concerned with the fluid production between D and E, the release device E being filled with a water-based marker EWAnd oil-based marker EO。
And finishing the well descending operation, adjusting the well production state and starting the oil production operation. Because the monitoring is carried out in the whole life cycle, the sampling in each month or in each quarter can be adopted according to the operation habit in the normal sampling time; and (3) carrying out sample preparation and neutron activation analysis on the liquid sample sampled every time, and obtaining 5 oil-based marker signals Ao, Bo, Co, Do and Eo and 5 water-based marker signals Aw, Bw, Cw, Dw and Ew after normalization. The 10 data are placed in the same rectangular coordinate system together with historical data by taking time as an abscissa to draw a trend graph.
The development condition of the downhole production state change of the well can be observed through the trend chart, and the development condition comprises the relative change of the oil-water ratio of the same layer section and the relative change of the liquid production amount among different intervals. Generally, the trend of the marking signal is almost constant or shows a slow gradual change on a large time scale, so when the signal value of the oil-based marking signal or the water-based marking signal in a certain interval deviates from the trend, for example, the water-based marking signal Cw increases greatly, and Dw and Ew also increase obviously, and Aw and Bw do not change obviously, this indicates that the water yield of BC increases obviously.
Aiming at the full life cycle monitoring of the horizontal well, if abnormal conditions such as operation system change or obvious change of water content occur between two sampling intervals, the underground production state needs to be known in time or the following change process needs to be observed and tracked, intensive sampling can be adopted, namely the sampling interval is shortened, the sampling interval can be determined according to the development process of events and the requirement of data analysis, and the minimum sampling interval is 1 minute. Thus, the change process of the downhole state is restored from the change of the series of continuous data through intensive sampling in a short time.
Specific examples are as follows.
1) Assumption of well conditions
The liquid production of the well is continuously operated for 5 years according to 1000t/day at most.
2) Element selection and release amount requirements
The detection limit of neutron activation analysis elements can reach 10-14g, the content of the marking element in the oil-water liquid is 10-12g/ml is used as a background, which can be obtained by measuring the original liquid sample of the stratum, and the marking elements with the background content meeting the requirements are selected. In order to effectively mark the fluid production, the amount of marker element released needs to be an order of magnitude higher than background, i.e. 10-11g/ml, for more conservative calculation, the maximum release is 10-10And g/ml.
3) Calculating out
For efficient marking and measurement, the minimum charge of a single marking element of the well is: 1000t/day 365day/a 5a 1000000ml/t 10-10g/ml＝1825g。
In order to achieve a stable release over 5 years, i.e. a minimum effect of the released amount on the release profile of the remaining marker elements, the maximum released amount over 5 years is only 40% of the total charge, and the initial total charge is: 1825g ÷ 40% ═ 4562 g.
By assuming and conservative calculations, for a high production well requiring full life cycle monitoring, an initial charge of 5Kg of each marker element is required, allowing production monitoring for at least 5 years, which is not possible with the prior art.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (8)
1. A method for testing a liquid production profile of a horizontal oil well is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing the series of marking elements into a water-based marker and an oil-based marker;
(2) placing one of the water-based markers and one of the oil-based markers of step (1) together in a delivery device;
(3) determining the number and the installation position of the releasing devices according to the measurement requirement of the liquid production profile;
(4) connecting the releasing device on the oil pipe and reaching a preset position; then, the oil well normally operates to start production;
(5) sampling from the wellhead of the oil well according to set time to obtain an oil well detection sample;
(6) carrying out neutron activation and measurement analysis on the oil well detection sample to obtain the production fluid flow and the oil-water ratio data in the production fluid corresponding to the production fluid profile;
in the step (1), the selection operation of the marking elements is as follows:
(a) selecting elements capable of participating in neutron activation treatment, and calculating an element factor S of the selected elements according to the following formula (1):
S=θ•σ•β•γ/M （1），
in the formula (1), theta is element abundance, sigma is a neutron action section, beta is a decay branch ratio, gamma is ray absolute intensity, and M is atomic weight;
(b) b, sorting the elements from large to small according to the S factor according to the measurement result of the step a, and primarily selecting the elements with the top sorting; then gamma-ray interference rejection is carried out in the preliminarily selected elements, namely, only the elements with large S factors are reserved in the elements with characteristic gamma-ray signal mutual interference; the last left element is the mark element;
in the step (6), the oil well detection sample is subjected to neutron activation and measurement analysis, the sample to be detected is subjected to gamma ray measurement, and based on the measured gamma ray irradiation intensity, the content of the corresponding marker in the sample to be detected is calculated by adopting the following formula (2):
f（q，t）=a0+a1·q2+a2·q·t+a3·t2+a4·q+a5·t （2）；
in formula (2): f is the content of the marker of the produced fluid in unit volume, and enough data samples can be obtained through periodic sampling and measurement; t is the time from the start of release of the marker to the time of sampling; q is the flow rate of the marked liquid; a is0、a1、a2、a3、a4、a5A coefficient for each term;
and calculating the content of the marker to obtain the flow value of oil or/and water at the corresponding liquid production section.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein in step 1, the series of marking elements comprises:151Eu、191Ir、109Ag、133Cs、115In、152Sm、59Co、187Re、139La、159Tb、176Lu、181Ta、45Sc、55Mn、180Hf、186W、169Tm、164Dy、103Rh、121Sb；
the prepared water-based marker is an oxalic acid compound of a marking element, and the oxalic acid compound is soluble in water and insoluble in oil; the prepared oil-based marker is a stearic acid compound of a marking element, and the stearic acid compound is soluble in oil and insoluble in water.
3. The method for testing the horizontal well fluid production profile of claim 2, wherein in step 1, the water-based marker is prepared by the following steps: selecting an oxalic acid compound for water-based marking elements, and forming under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, wherein the forming temperature is controlled to be between 20 ℃ below the melting point temperature of the corresponding oxalic acid compound and the melting point temperature, and the pressure is 8-20 MPa;
the oil-based markers were made as follows: and selecting a stearic acid compound for the oil-based marking element, and forming under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, wherein the forming temperature is controlled to be between 20 ℃ below the melting point temperature of the corresponding stearic acid compound and the melting point temperature, and the pressure is 8-20 MPa.
4. The method for testing the production profile of a horizontal oil well according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the selected marking elements in the step 1 are elements used for measuring the production profile of the horizontal oil well.
5. The method for testing the production profile of the horizontal oil well according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 3, a hollow short section is used as a release device, and two ends of the release device are used for connecting with an oil pipe; two ends of the release device are provided with flow passage holes, and the flow passage holes are communicated with the inner cavity of the release device and the annular space of the sleeve; the assay marker is located in the lumen of the delivery device.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the two ends of the release device are provided with flow passage holes along the circumference, and the flow passage holes at the two ends of the release device are respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the release device and the annulus of the casing.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used for testing a production well;
or to use the method for problem finding of production wells that are out of production.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method is used for searching for high aquifers in a production-stopped well.
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