CN112757856A - Two-stage damping suspension for motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

A two-stage damping suspension of a motor vehicle is a two-stage damping suspension constructed by suspension of a lever structure, and is a novel damping suspension structure, which has the characteristic of small installation space, can be installed on a small-sized passenger car, can still adjust the frequency of a spring under the condition of large load change, can meet the adjustment requirement on a light-duty truck, can still keep the comfort under the condition of large influence of external factors, can still adjust the frequency of the extremely soft region spring after adjusting the load of the vehicle, and can keep the capability of adjusting the bumping frequency under the influence of large external factors so as to adapt to the range of the comfortable frequency of human senses, thereby achieving a comfortable state, and ensuring that the two-stage damping suspension of the motor vehicle can still adjust the bumping frequency under the condition of large load change, and the vibration frequency of the motor vehicle suspension is close to the adaptation range of the human sense frequency, the effect of better reducing the vibration frequency is kept, the side inclination of the motor vehicle during turning is reduced, and the overall performance of the suspension of the motor vehicle is improved.

Description

Two-stage damping suspension for motor vehicle

Technical Field

The shock-absorbing suspension structure applied to a motor vehicle is processed and produced by adopting a mode of cutting a plane steel plate by laser, or processed and produced by adopting a mode of casting, and the design of the processing scheme is that two independent parts of a spring and a wheel supporting arm are effectively combined, the spring and the wheel supporting arm are combined into a lever suspension assembly, so that a two-stage shock-absorbing suspension with a lever structure is formed, the requirement of suspension miniaturization is met, the shock-absorbing technology of the two-stage shock-absorbing suspension structure adopts the lever principle, two groups of elastic elements are matched above and below the lever, a powerful short-stroke elastic element with strong damping is arranged on a shaft pendulum above the lever, a powerful short-stroke energy-absorbing element is arranged above the lever through a lever structure below the lever, and the performance of a virtual long-stroke spring with uniform upward supporting and elastic distribution of low-frequency vibration is virtually established by the suspension with the lever structure, the upper elastic part and the lower elastic part of the lever are combined to construct a two-stage damping structure of the energy absorption element, two stages comprise a hard area stroke and a very soft area stroke, the adjustment of the static stroke of the very soft area is realized by adjusting the strength of the very soft area stroke of the virtual area through the auxiliary supporting air bag and the force application point of the lever fulcrum, and the lever suspension structure of the dynamic long stroke of the very soft area is reserved, the structure meets the requirement of small-space installation, the capability of the suspension to adapt to the change of external factors is improved by automatically adjusting the static stroke of the very soft area, the vibration frequency of the energy absorption element is reduced, the resonance frequency of a vehicle body is reduced, the problem of large side inclination of the vehicle during turning is solved, the problem of failure of preset comfort value of a vehicle suspension system caused by the external factors is solved, and the suspension performance is integrally improved, the performance of lever structure's two-stage shock attenuation suspension technique is close perfect condition, low in maintenance cost, low in production cost performance is superior, still have the suspension under the influence of external factor, still can keep promoting suspension load capacity excellence in performance under the prerequisite of comfort level, the far tradition suspension structure of comprehensive properties, through changing the mounting means structure, can regard as independent suspension design, there is stronger installation adaptability to installation space, can be the side of going up if the suspension strong point, also can be the top, independent suspension structure is done to the suspension, also can combine together with axle formula driven axle, constitute bridge type suspension, also can fuse mutually with the axle, constitute lever axle shock-absorbing structure suspension, it is extremely wide to be suitable for the installation field.

Background

According to the research, a spring is defined as an energy storage element, a traditional suspension uses a single spring as an energy absorption part, a supporting arm and the spring of a wheel are divided into two independent parts, the supporting arm and the spring are matched and installed to support a vehicle body, the compressed spring can be in a static neutralization state, when the position of the supported wheel is changed, the rebound time and the rebound force of the spring are determined according to the thickness and the manufacturing materials of the spring, the stored energy of the spring can be transmitted to one side where the spring can move, when the spring is impacted, the harder the spring is, the deformation is shorter, the rebound speed is higher, a rebound frequency is formed, the harder the rebound frequency is higher, when the powerful spring is used as the damping element, the discomfort is caused to a human, the sensory frequency is adapted to the human, the frequency of once per second is adapted to the comfort frequency, and the rebound frequency of the spring is once per second, the feeling is acceptable, a spring (energy-absorbing shock-absorbing element) close to low-frequency is an ideal shock-absorbing element, the collocation of a shock-absorbing suspension and a damper is adjusted and regulated on the premise that the motor vehicle sets the load, the rebound frequency of the spring is reduced, so that the rebound frequency close to the spring is close to the lower frequency once per second, the adjustment of the collocation of the damper under the comfortable load of the spring is made according to the sensory adaptation frequency of human bodies, the existing suspension technology is a very complicated condition in the vehicle running process, the problem of failure of shock-absorbing function of a preset suspension structure is caused by the influence of external factors such as the weight change of a vehicle body, the running speed change, road conditions and the like, in the adjustment process, the harder the spring has shorter stroke and higher rebound speed, when a wheel and the vehicle body extrude the spring, the rebound frequency is higher, the more energy can be released to the movable side in a shorter time, therefore, the harder the spring hardness and the shorter the deformation, the lower the frequency of the resilience force of the spring is, the lower the deformation stroke of the spring is, and the larger the change of the distribution of the stroke elasticity is, the lower the comfort of the vehicle is, but the excellent side-tipping force of the turning control is, on the contrary, the softer spring, although meeting the human sensory adaptation frequency, is greatly influenced by external factors during the operation and control, and when the vehicle turns, the side-tipping is too large, so that the vehicle is out of control, therefore, the shock-absorbing suspension needs to be adjusted in a preset load range, the comfort is effectively maintained in the load range, and the preset comfort of the suspension is reduced and fails due to the change of external factors such as more or less load, the high speed of the turning speed, the change of the road condition and the like. The traditional suspension structure of the motor vehicle adopts a single spring and a damper to match for shock absorption, only one form can be calibrated in advance in a load range, and the change of the stress resilience coefficient of the spring is large due to the change of external factors and cannot adapt to the change of the external factors, so that the comfort level is reduced, in the calibration of the suspension, for the superior comprehensive performance, the sense organ comfort frequency of people can be calibrated, the suspension adjusted in the fixed load range is suitable for a road surface with the width of about two centimeters, so that the vehicle does not have the sense of up-down overturn and has small vibration, the vehicle still has small vibration in the vehicle when running on a pitch road surface, the current mainstream suspension has good shock absorption, but large roll, or small roll, the shock absorption performance is poor, and only the shock absorption can be calibrated in advance in a fixed range according to the weight and the load of the vehicle body, the ideal shock absorption structure is adjusted, so that the suspension is neither too soft nor too hard, the handling bump is neither too perfect, the handling turning roll amplitude is also not perfect, the comprehensive performance of the suspension is kept at a better ideal level, the influence capability of the suspension on external factors is lower, when the load is overlarge, the vehicle body can be subjected to excessive tilting under the action of roll force, the load is caused by overlarge load of a bearing spring exceeding the preset value, no perfect suspension structure is caused due to the change of the external factors, the adjustment with excellent comprehensive performance can only be kept, and the adjustment is optional in function. The adjustable air damping suspension, the electromagnetic suspension and the like are also available, fine adjustment can be performed on initial setting so as to ensure the adjustment comfort level, the adjustable air damping suspension and the electromagnetic suspension can be softened when the adjustable air damping suspension and the electromagnetic suspension are needed to be softened, and the adjustable air damping suspension and the electromagnetic suspension can be slightly hardened when the tilting force is needed to be reduced, the structure can cause performance discount due to the influence of external factors with the heavier load, the wheel can be damaged when being empty, the effect is not perfect, the comfort level of the conventional suspension can be improved, the function can be still improved, the main problems of high maintenance frequency, high selling price and the like exist, the technology cannot be widely popularized and used, and the technical popularization and application range is narrow.

Disclosure of Invention

Through the research summary above, how can produce perfect shock attenuation suspension, just can make the comfort level the highest, it is strongest to control the performance, reduce the influence of way noise, the load capacity is strong, the adaptability that the external factor changes is strengthened, the travelling comfort keeps again under the condition of increasing motor vehicle load, this application has included two kinds of schemes, scheme one, a new suspended structure, lever two-stage shock attenuation scheme, scheme two, hang and the double fork wall is on original basis at McPherson, through adding new supplementary support component that turns to, construct the scheme of two-stage shock attenuation.

The first scheme is as follows: a scheme is a new suspension structure, is a lever type two-stage damping scheme, constructs a two-stage damping suspension structure of a motor vehicle and a manufacturing method thereof, can improve the upper support arm structure of a double-fork arm by processing a laser cutting steel plate, enables the double-fork arm upper arm of the suspension to be used as a carrier assembly of a damping element by adopting a cutting steel plate processing technology, realizes the fusion of a wheel support arm and an energy absorption part, forms a suspension support structure, meets the requirement of small-space installation, can also be produced by a casting mode, but has larger investment in early stage, so the laser cutting production method is selected in the early stage, can meet the requirement that the wheel upper support arm and a spring are combined into a part by the structure, as shown in figure 2, a suspension assembly (2-2) combining the double-fork arm upper arm and the spring is arranged on a vehicle girder (2-3), and a shaft pendulum is arranged on the vehicle girder, through lug (2-1) on spring and the car girder, constitute the suspension structure, satisfy the demand of little space installation, solved the problem of little space installation, its shock attenuation principle is: as shown in figure 3, a supporting part for demonstrating the structure of a lever, wherein a lever shaft is arranged on a mounting part in a swinging manner, a strong short stroke spring (3-1) is arranged at the position close to the shaft swinging, the lever is supported, force points at different positions are selected on the lever, in different force point motion tracks, the strong short stroke spring (3-1) close to the shaft swinging position can be used for constructing any virtual bearing energy storage spring performance within the bearing force of the spring (3-1) through the force point track, the virtual part change diagram of the spring is explained in the diagram, a thick short spring is used, the virtual spring performance generated on a force point (3-3) track along with the positive displacement of the force point occurs, the situation that the resilience force is strong and weak occurs, the resilience frequency is changed from strong to weak until the force point moves to the tail end of the lever, the supporting force of a long and thin virtual spring is formed, the performance of the virtual spring is changed to the maximum extent under the action of force, the stroke of the spring is uniform, the resilience force is distributed uniformly, and the vibration frequency is also the lowest. According to the phenomenon of the supporting force of the virtual spring constructed by the lever structure, a two-stage damping suspension structure with the lever structure can be manufactured, as shown in fig. 4, a strong and strong damping short-stroke elastic element (4-2) is arranged above the lever, the shaft swings on the lever, the elastic element can be a spring, an air bag, a steel plate and other energy absorption elements, or can be a combination body, such as a combination body of the spring, the air bag, the spring and a damper, and the like, the upper supporting point (4-1) of the elastic element can be right above or on the side of the lever, the strong and short-stroke elastic element (4-2) is arranged between the lever (4-3) and the mounting suspension mounting assembly (4-4) at the position close to the shaft swing of the lever, and the suspension supporting point (4-5) of the suspension mounting assembly (4-4) can be a wheel supporting point, or one side of the axle can be used as a supporting point. Through the installation method of the structure, as shown in figure 8, a two-stage energy absorption structure of a lever structure is constructed, the two-stage damping suspension of the lever structure can adjust the static stroke distance (8-3) of the extremely soft region between the lever and the suspension installation assembly by adjusting the fulcrum of the lever or adjusting the strength of an auxiliary supporting air bag for the extremely soft region stroke below the lever, thus ensuring the capability of the suspension to adapt to the change of external factors, ensuring the vibration frequency of a motor vehicle to be close to the comfortable frequency of people by adjusting the stroke (8-3) of the static region under the condition of large load change and overlarge load, keeping the comfort of the motor vehicle, and the damping suspension installation assembly (8-1) of the lever structure is axially arranged on a beam of the vehicle and is connected with an upper spring through a lifting lug of a side supporting point on the beam, and the tail end above the lever selects a short powerful spring and a strong damping energy absorption part, an energy absorbing element combined with a strong short stroke spring and an air bag which swing out by a shaft close to the lower part of the lever, wherein a harder energy absorbing area is arranged above the lever, a softer energy absorbing area is arranged below the lever, a so-called two-stage structure is a combination of an extremely soft area and a harder area (8-4), a harder area (8-4) is arranged above the lever, the stroke of the energy absorbing element is short, the rebound is limited by a strong damper to reduce the rebound frequency, the extremely soft area is arranged below the lever, the static stroke of the extremely soft area is an adjustable area between a lever support and a suspension mounting assembly by adjusting the static bearing stroke of the softer area and is kept within an adjustable range between one centimeter and five centimeters, the shaft swing of the lever structure suspension mounting assembly (8-1) is mainly the stroke (8-2) of the dynamic extremely soft area, and the maximization of the motion stroke and the suspension shaft swing stroke is kept, and effectively combines a harder region and an extremely soft region. The motion principle is as follows: the structural support part of the lever is a vehicle body supported by elastic energy absorption elements at the upper end and the lower end of the lever, a structure with two kinds of support force matching is constructed, a very soft area is constructed, the processing capacity of fine bumping and the rolling amplitude during overlarge turning are processed, the comfort level during continuous bumping is improved, and a harder area (8-4) is constructed, so that the rolling force and the bearing capacity of the vehicle during turning are reduced, the structural support part adapts to the change of external factors, and the structural support part still has good fine bumping processing capacity and good load capacity when the change is large. The installation method is that a suspension assembly with a lever structure is used for realizing the installation structure shown in figure 4, one side of the lever is axially swung and fixed, the position of the lever close to the shaft pendulum is selected, an energy absorbing element is used as a fulcrum, the energy absorbing element can be a spring or a steel plate, an air bag and other energy absorbing parts, the lever is supported by the spring, the other side of the lever supported by the spring is selected as an acting point, a strong short-stroke spring can be transformed into any virtual energy absorbing spring structure within the bearing force range through the lever, the closer to the tail end of the acting point of the lever, the longer-stroke energy absorbing spring which is maximally changed under the influence of stress can be obtained, and the vibration rebound frequency of the long-stroke spring is lower than that of the short-stroke spring. As shown in figure 2, the two-stage shock absorption suspension structure of the motor vehicle is characterized in that a lever shaft pendulum is arranged on a supporting point of a wheel shaft head and a shaft pendulum mounting component assembly of a vehicle body mounting point, a low-frequency long-stroke virtual spring rebound area is constructed below a lever by amplifying the rebound force of a spring through the lever, the force distribution change of the rebound stroke is low (the absorption capacity and the stroke change of a short spring along with the change of the stroke are also large), a stable long soft spring stroke is constructed through stroke limitation of a soft area, when an energy absorption element absorbs energy under the action of the lever, a virtual energy absorption area is constructed, the change is the stroke at the maximum, the rebound force distribution of the extremely soft area is uniform, the spring rebound frequency which can not be reached by a traditional suspension adjusting spring is achieved, the spring under the evaluation rate treats fine bumping capacity and the extremely strong force, and the effect of low noise transmission from a road surface to the vehicle interior is also reduced, the structure is characterized in that the stroke is limited under the static action of the bearing force, the effect is to prevent the large rolling amplitude during turning, and when the motor vehicle dynamically moves and jolts, the stroke of the extremely soft area is the longest movement stroke, so that the better anti-jolt capability is ensured. Through the phenomenon of the lever amplification performance, a lever-type adjustable two-stage damping suspension can be manufactured, the spring rebound frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the force application point of the lever, or the stroke of a very soft area can be adjusted by adjusting the supporting force of an auxiliary air bag through matching of the auxiliary air bag and a spring, and the requirement of small-space installation can be met, so that the stroke energy absorption effect (influenced by force and the maximum stroke change) of a section of low frequency is achieved. The suspension of lever structure under the big condition of motor vehicle load change, through the support intensity of adjustment supplementary gasbag and the position of adjustment lever impetus, still can keep adjustable function, has just so reduced the problem that the suspension influences external factor, and two-stage shock attenuation suspension installation space requires for a short time, and the structure is durable stable, and is with low costs, and the life-span is high, and cost of maintenance is low, has iterative meaning. A two-stage damping suspension technical scheme of a lever structure is a two-stage damping suspension constructed by a suspension of the lever structure, a novel damping suspension structure has the characteristic of small installation space, can be installed on a small passenger car, can still adjust the frequency of a spring under the condition of large load change, can meet the adjustment requirement on a light truck, can still keep the comfort level under the condition of large influence of external factors, can still adjust the evaluation rate of a spring in a very soft area after the load of the car is adjusted, and keeps the capability of adjusting the bumping frequency so as to adapt to the range of the comfortable frequency of human senses, achieve a comfortable state, ensure that the vibration frequency of the small car, a pick-up truck, a light truck and the like can still be adjusted under the condition of large load change, and ensure that the vibration frequency of a motor vehicle suspension is close to the adaptation range of human sense frequency, the effect of better reducing the vibration frequency is kept, and the overall performance of the suspension of the motor vehicle is improved. A two-stage damping suspension technical scheme of a lever structure is a suspension scheme combined with an axle, based on a mounting structure of a graph 4, as shown in a graph 13, a rear axle (13-4) of a bridge type drive is mounted through damping of the rear axle in the same direction as the rear axle, a two-stage damping suspension shaft of the lever structure is arranged on a cross beam on the inner side of a crossbeam, a damping suspension assembly is connected to a shaft pendulum mounting hole (13-1-1) above the axle through a longitudinal shaft pendulum connecting piece, the axle is connected to the lower part of the axle through a shaft pendulum connecting piece (13-3) through a shaft pendulum connecting piece (13-2) in the same direction as the damping suspension assembly, and the mounting structure forms the combined mounting of the suspension and the rear axle, occupies small space and meets the mounting requirement. A two-stage damping suspension technical scheme of a lever structure is a suspension scheme fused with an axle, based on an installation structure of a figure 4, as shown in figure 14, on a rear axle (14-4) of a bridge type drive, the axle is used as a structure of an installation assembly, a lever structure supporting piece (14-3) is installed on the axle in an axial swing mode through a shaft (14-1), the lever supporting piece is supported through a high-strength steel plate (14-5), an auxiliary supporting air bag (14-2) is installed between the axle and the lever supporting piece, the tail end of a lever is fixed on the steel plate (14-5) through a steel clamp to form the installation structure fused with the axle, and finally the lever is installed on a crossbeam of a crossbeam in an axial swing mode through a homodromous axial swing installation port (14-8) to achieve the fused installation with the axle. The lever type suspension improves the requirement of small-space installation, has wider installation application range and easier popularization of technology, reduces road noise, meets the advantages of miniaturization, long service life, low cost, stable structure and capability of still adjusting the vibration frequency of an energy absorption element under the condition of increased load change, and ensures that the suspension is more suitable for treating fine jolts and more suitable for cross-country.

Scheme II: the lever technology two-stage damping technical scheme is inspired, and the two-stage damping scheme is constructed by adding a new part and a turning auxiliary supporting part in the novel invention scheme on the basis of the original McPherson suspension and double fork walls. From the above researches, we can judge that the traditional single-stage spring shock absorption is a two-stage shock absorption structure scheme formed by adding a turning auxiliary support component on the Macpherson suspension and the double-fork wall suspension, wherein the suspension structure has a suspension structure which is obtained by adding a suspension adjustment and can not be adjusted perfectly, so that the defects in the suspension adjustment process can be overcome by adding a new component, the supporting spring is replaced firstly on the basis of the Macpherson suspension and the double-fork wall suspension, a long and soft energy absorption component is selected to reduce the vibration frequency of the spring, a new turning auxiliary support component is added to compensate the tilt caused by turning, the suspended spring can be set to be soft, the new component compensates the roll force during turning, and therefore, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the turning auxiliary support component is added on the Macpherson suspension and the double-fork wall suspension, the auxiliary turning supporting component can be a spring, an air bag or a damper, or an energy absorbing component assembly and other energy absorbing components, and a two-stage damping suspension structure is constructed. As shown in fig. 15 and 16, a turning auxiliary support component is arranged below a spring fulcrum of the macpherson suspension, and the turning auxiliary support component keeps a distance of three to five centimeters from an upper support fixed point.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows, fig. 1 is a schematic view of a miniaturized installation demonstrating a method of processing a steel plate by laser cutting, making an external structure of a support arm of an automobile by processing the steel plate, a hole opening function designed as required, and making a suspension mounting assembly by a folding method, making two independent parts of a spring and a wheel support arm, fused into a suspension assembly part, which can satisfy the requirements of the stability of the support spring and the processing method required for the miniaturized small space installation, and the description is as follows: 1-1 installing holes for shaft pendulums of suspension assemblies; 1-2, a shaft swing mounting hole of a lever support; 1-3 elastic element fixing holes and suspension assembly spacing positioning holes; 1-3-1 fastening bolts; 1-3-2 spacing locating sleeves; 1-4 suspension assembly supporting point mounting openings; 1-5 steel plate folding lines.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a miniaturized component, which demonstrates a fusion structure of two components of a support arm and an energy absorbing component such as a spring, which constitutes a suspension mounting assembly component, and is mounted on a girder through a suspension mounting assembly shaft pendulum, and is supported by a lifting lug on the girder to constitute a suspension structure, which is convenient for small-space mounting, and the description is as follows: 2-1 girder lifting lugs; 2-2 suspension mounting assembly; 2-3 vehicle girders.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of lever principle, demonstrating that a lever and a shaft pendulum are mounted on a fixed frame, different lever force points are selected, a thick short strong damping energy absorption element, such as a spring or a steel plate, an air bag and other damping components, can construct a virtual energy storage component of a virtual bearing energy storage element, the diagram explains a virtual component change diagram of the spring, a thick short strong spring (3-1) and a virtual spring (3-2) constructed through the characteristics of a lever structure form the virtual energy storage component on a force point track (3-3), the resilience force is from a strong weak condition, and the supporting force of the long and thin virtual spring is formed along with the forward movement of the lever force points until the tail end of the lever, so that the spring performance of a stroke with uniform resilience force distribution, lowest vibration frequency and maximum change is formed, the description is as follows: 3-1 short stroke powerful spring; 3-2 a virtual spring component; 3-3 leverage point of force rail.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a two-stage damping suspension, which illustrates a two-stage damping suspension forming a lever structure, and is configured by setting up a supporting point (4-1) above the suspension, or a supporting point (4-1) on the upper side of the suspension, and mounting the lever (4-3) on an energy-absorbing element (4-2) through an axle pendulum, wherein the energy-absorbing element can be a spring, an airbag, a steel plate and other energy-absorbing components, or a combination of a spring and an airbag, the axle pendulum is mounted on a suspension mounting assembly (4-4), and the supporting point (4-5) of the mounting assembly can be an acting supporting point of the suspension, or an axle pendulum or a fixed mounting point, and the description is as follows: 4-1 suspension upper support point; 4-2 energy absorber elements; 4-3 lever supports; 4-4 suspension mounting assembly; 4-5 suspension mount assembly support points.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of several simple and convenient production of a lever structure, which is a component of a suspension assembly processed by using a laser cutting technology, wherein a lever support is formed by combining a left workpiece and a right workpiece, the shape of the lever support can be changed, and a structural support point of the lever can be a shaft pendulum special-shaped structure with an upward shaft pendulum, a bent shaft pendulum special-shaped structure, or a sawtooth special-shaped structure with an adjustable force application point, so as to be conveniently installed under the condition that the upper support point is changed, and the description is as follows: 5-1 left lever support component; 5-1-1 right lever support member forming part of an elastic element mounting boss; 5-2, mounting holes of a lever shaft pendulum suspension assembly; 5-2-1 suspension assembly lever shaft pendulum mounting hole; 5-3 elastic element fixing holes and suspension assembly interval positioning holes; 5-4 suspension assembly shaft pendulum mounting holes 5-5 lever fastening combination mounting holes; 5-6 lever support force application point mounting holes; 5-7 folding lines; 5-8 suspension assembly force application point mounting points.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an assembly of a two-stage suspension, a lever support member and a suspension mounting assembly formed by the combined parts processed in fig. 5, the support member of the lever structure is provided with a part of an elastic element mounting convex opening, the lever structure can be a special-shaped structure supported upwards by a shaft pendulum, also can be a special-shaped structure bent by the shaft pendulum, also can be a saw-toothed special-shaped structure with adjustable force points, and is fixed by a fastening bolt, and the description is as follows: 6-1 lever structure support; 6-1-1 suspension mounting assembly; 6-2 fastening bolts; 6-3 a fastening pin of a suspension mounting assembly and a shaft pendulum mounting pin of a bush; 6-4 installing a convex opening of the elastic element; 6-5 lever shaft pendulum suspension assembly mounting holes; 6-5-1 lever shaft pendulum suspension assembly mounting hole bolt.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the components of the two-stage shock-absorbing suspension, and the suspension assembly with the lever structure is formed by combining external elements, including an elastic element, a shock-absorbing limit cushion block, an auxiliary support air bag, an adjustable support axle head and the like, and the description is as follows: 7-1 elastic element fixing holes and suspension assembly spacing positioning bolts; 7-2 damping limit cushion blocks; 7-3 auxiliary support air bags; 7-4 supporting the shaft head part adjustably; 7-5 short-range strong springs; 7-6 strong damping short-range strong spring; 7-7 girder lifting lugs; 7-8 girders; 7-9 suspension assembly fastening pin and bushing shaft pendulum mounting pin.

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the damping and roll reducing performance of a two-stage damping suspension assembly of a lever structure in a cornering situation of a motor vehicle, which includes a division of the range of the stroke of the elastic member, which includes a range of the static stroke and the dynamic stroke of the harder region above the lever, and a division of the static stroke and the dynamic stroke of the very soft region below the lever, wherein the strength of the auxiliary support airbag is adjusted, the static stroke of the very soft region is an adjustable region between the lever support and the suspension mounting assembly, and the dynamic stroke of the very soft region is an axle swing stroke of the damping suspension assembly, which is illustrated as: 8-1 lever shock-absorbing suspension assembly; 8-2 dynamic long-stroke area in the extremely soft area; an adjustable region between the static stroke lever support member of the 8-3 extremely soft region and the suspension mounting assembly; 8-4 hard zone static dynamic short stroke zone.

Fig. 9 shows, in fig. 9, a schematic diagram of a component of an adjustable suspension in a two-stage damping suspension, where a supporting point of the damping suspension is an installation structure of an upper side supporting point, an acting point of a lever is a special-shaped walking member of a sawtooth-shaped adjustable supporting point, the acting point of the lever is adjusted by a motor gear walking adjusting member, and is matched with the strength of an auxiliary supporting airbag to form an adjusting structure for adjusting the static stroke of an extremely soft region, and the description is as follows: 9-1 of a sawtooth-shaped special-shaped lever support; 9-1-1 motor gear wandering adjusting piece; 9-1-2 short-stroke strong spring strong damping energy absorbing part; 9-2 girder lug side supporting points; 9-3 assist in supporting the air bag.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a suspension component of a two-stage damping suspension, in which a supporting point of the damping suspension is an upper suspension mounting structure, a force application point of a lever is a pendulum shaft mounting hole on a bent special-shaped lever, an elastic support member above the lever is fixedly mounted above the lever by a bolt, and the pendulum shaft mounting structure may be described as follows: 10-1 special-shaped lever bending force application point shaft pendulum mounting piece; 10-2 supporting point bolt fastening points or shaft swinging pieces on the elastic elements.

Fig. 11 shows, fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of adjustable suspension component parts in a two-stage damping suspension, a supporting point of the damping suspension is a suspension mounting structure above the suspension, an acting point of a lever is a special-shaped walking member with a saw-tooth-shaped adjustable supporting point, the acting point of the lever is adjusted by a motor gear walking adjusting member, and the adjusting member is matched with the strength of an auxiliary supporting airbag to adjust the static stroke of an extremely soft area, which is illustrated as follows: 11-1 of a sawtooth-shaped special-shaped lever support; 11-1-1 motor gear wandering adjusting piece; 11-2, mounting a support point bolt fastening point or a shaft pendulum on the elastic element; 11-3 assist in supporting the air bag.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a suspension assembly installed as a rear wheel, in which a supporting point interface (12-2) of the suspension assembly is modified, a longitudinal shaft pendulum connecting piece (12-2-1) is installed, and a shaft pendulum installation structure in which a longitudinal shaft of the suspension assembly swings to an axle is formed, so as to implement combination with an axle type driving structure, and the description is as follows: 12-1 suspension mounting assembly; 12-2 longitudinal axis pendulum connector interface; 12-2-1 longitudinal axis pendulum connecting piece; 12-3 tightening the nut.

FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of a bridge structure of a rear-wheel vehicle of a suspension assembly installed in a bridge mode, a two-stage damping suspension installation method of a lever structure, an installation method combined with a bridge driving structure, wherein a shaft pendulum is installed on a beam of a crossbeam through a damping suspension assembly and is installed in a coaxial pendulum with an axle, an axle longitudinal shaft pendulum port (13-1-1) which is installed above the axle (13-4) is fixedly installed with the shaft pendulum through an installation port of the suspension assembly and a longitudinal shaft pendulum connecting piece, the shaft pendulum is arranged on the beam of the vehicle crossbeam through an axle shaft pendulum connecting piece (13-2) and is coaxially swung with the damping suspension assembly, and the shaft pendulum is installed on an axle longitudinal shaft pendulum installation port (13-3-1) below through a shaft pendulum port (13-3) of the axle shaft pendulum connecting piece, the method for mounting the shock-absorbing suspension and the axle in a combined manner is realized by the aid of the homodromous pendulum supporting structure of the suspension and the axle. The description is as follows: 13-1 suspension assembly longitudinal axis pendulum connecting piece; 13-1-1, and the longitudinal shaft pendulum port of the axle is arranged above the axle; 13-2, a bridge shaft pendulum connecting piece; 13-3 shaft pendulum interface of shaft pendulum connector; 13-3-1, and a mounting opening is longitudinally arranged on the axle shaft below the axle shaft; 13-4 axles; 13-5 vehicle girders.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage damping suspension with steel plates as elastic elements, a two-stage damping suspension mounting method of a lever structure, a mounting method combined with a bridge driving structure, a structure with an axle as a mounting assembly on a rear axle (14-4) of the bridge driving, a lever structure supporting piece (14-3) is mounted on the axle in an axle swinging manner through a lever shaft swinging mounting shaft (14-1) and supported through a high-strength steel plate (14-5), an auxiliary supporting air bag (14-2) is mounted between the axle and the lever supporting piece, the tail end of a lever is fixed on the steel plate (14-6) through a steel clamp to form a mounting structure combined with the axle, and finally the lever is mounted on a crossbeam through a homodromous shaft swinging mounting port (14-8), and a limit cushion block (14-7) is mounted between the lever and the axle, the fused installation with the axle is realized, and the description is as follows: 14-1, a lever shaft pendulum mounting shaft; 14-2 auxiliary support air bags; 14-3 lever structure support; 14-4 rear axle; 14-5 high strength steel plate; 14-6 steel plates; 14-7 limiting buffer cushion blocks; 14-8 are arranged at the mounting port in the same direction.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of a conventional suspension made up for defects by adding a steering assist member, which is illustrated in fig. 15: 15-1 steering assist support; 15-2 long stroke soft spring; 15-3 lengthening a girder lifting lug supporting point; 15-4, an upper support arm; 15-5 lower support arm.

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating the defect of the conventional mcpherson suspension by adding a steering auxiliary component, and the diagram is as follows: 16-1 steering assist support; 16-2 long stroke soft spring; 16-3 macpherson struts; 16-4 lengthening the support point.

Detailed description of the invention

The two-stage damping suspension structure of the motor vehicle, the fulcrum such as the double-wishbone structure and the Macpherson suspension is different, can meet the installation requirement under the condition of small change, after improvement, mainly aim at the upper swing arm of the double-wishbone structure suspension, change the device, use two groups of supporting damping elements as supporting parts, can be springs, steel plates, rubber, air bags, energy absorbing parts, or the combination of springs and air bags, the selection scheme mainly uses the springs or the air bags as the main part, uses the parts of the lever structure, installs the shaft swinging mounting parts swinging on the wheel shaft head supporting point and the vehicle body mounting point, forms the supporting structure of the lever structure, and supports the supporting piece of the lever structure by a thick and short powerful spring between the mounting piece and the lever, the purpose is that the performance of the virtual damping element can be built by selecting the supporting piece acting point of the lever structure, the performance of the long-stroke damping spring can be virtually realized by miniaturization installation, the long-stroke spring has the performance of low-frequency vibration and stressed long-stroke change, and is characterized in that the maximum force influence change is the stroke and the low vibration frequency, and the suspension with the lever structure also meets the requirement of small-space installation. The two-stage shock-absorbing suspension structure of a motor vehicle can be divided into three motion modes, including: a common road condition mode; a complex road condition mode; and (4) special road condition modes. The installation requirements of the elastic energy absorption part of the lever and the support installation part are set as follows: the lever fulcrum and the lever mounting component are supported by the supporting component, the static stroke of the extremely soft area is an adjustable area between the lever supporting component and the suspension mounting assembly, the lever fulcrum is adjusted to be in an initial position, the optimal matching state is that the stroke between the lever and the mounting component is one centimeter (small passenger car) or two centimeters (off-road car or light truck) by adding eighty kilograms to the supporting weight of a single-side wheel of a car body, the mode is a common road condition mode, the lower dead point and the upward stroke between the lever and the mounting component are larger (passenger carrying capacity and cargo carrying capacity) due to the fact that the motor vehicle is greatly influenced by external factors, the stroke between the lever and the shaft swing mounting component can be increased by moving the adjusting lever fulcrum component on the lever to a shaft swing point and adjusting the strength of the auxiliary air bag support, and the stroke between the lever and the shaft swing mounting component can be increased to two centimeters (small passenger car) or three centimeters (, the mode is a complex road condition mode, the acting point of the lever and the strength of the auxiliary air bag support are adjusted through the fulcrum adjusting component on the lever, the stroke between the lever and the suspension mounting assembly is kept, the static stroke of the extremely soft area is that the adjustable area between the lever supporting component and the suspension mounting assembly is kept in a range, so that the rebounding force is uniformly distributed in the stroke area between the lever and the mounting component, and under the influence of external factors, the shaft swing mounting component of the lever and the fulcrum can be always kept in the range of two centimeters (small passenger cars) or three centimeters (off-road vehicles or light trucks); above the lever, one side of the lever and the supporting point of the vehicle body is selected to use a harder high-frequency supporting element to match with a strong damping part and a strong elastic element with a shorter stroke, such as a strong spring with a shorter stroke, so that when the vehicle turns, the vehicle body heels to cause the stroke failure of two centimeters (small passenger vehicles) and three centimeters (off-road vehicles or light trucks) in the extremely soft area, and then enters into the harder spring stroke, so that the vehicle turns more stably and rebounds slowly, the spring cannot generate larger stroke to cause large tilting of the vehicle body due to turning overload, a softer limited stroke area and a harder area are constructed, a two-stage matched area is constructed, the capacity of resisting high-frequency road bumping is met, the problem of heeling is met, the road noise is reduced, the problem of small change and small space installation can be solved, and the adjusting lever fulcrum part on the lever is continuously adjusted to move forward to adjust the impact point of the lever and adjust the auxiliary air bag The supporting strength can enable the shaft pendulum mounting piece of the lever and the fulcrum to be always kept in an adjustable range of three centimeters (small passenger vehicles) or five centimeters (off-road vehicles or light trucks), the mode is a special road condition mode, and the requirement of running in a high suspension stroke under complex road conditions is met.

Claims (9)

1. Principle through a lever structure application in the shock attenuation technique, its characterized in that: as shown in fig. 3, a lever and a shaft pendulum are arranged on a fixed frame, different force points of the lever are selected, a thick, short and powerful shock absorption and energy absorption element, such as a spring or a steel plate, an air bag and other shock absorption parts can be used for constructing a virtual energy storage part of a virtual load-bearing energy storage element, as the figure explains the virtual part change diagram of the spring, a virtual spring (3-2) is constructed by a thick short strong spring (3-1) through the characteristics of a lever structure, the virtual energy storage component formed on the force application point track (3-3) has resilience which is the condition of strong and weak resilience, and the resilience moves along with the positive direction of the force application point of the lever until the tail end of the lever to form the supporting force of a long and thin virtual spring, so that the resilience is uniformly distributed, and under the action of force, the vibration frequency is lowest, and the spring performance of the stroke with the largest change is formed.

2. The two-stage damping suspension of the lever structure is characterized in that: as shown in figure 4, the suspension is arranged on a supporting point (4-1) above the suspension or a supporting point (4-1) at the upper side of the suspension through an energy absorbing element (4-2) which can be a spring, an air bag, an energy absorbing part such as a steel plate and the like, or a combination of the spring and the air bag and the like, and the lever shaft pendulum is arranged on a suspension installation assembly (4-4), and a supporting point (4-5) of the installation assembly can be a force application supporting point of the suspension or a shaft pendulum or a fixed installation point.

3. The two-stage shock absorbing suspension of lever construction, the component of the lever construction and the suspension mounting assembly component of claim 2 wherein: as shown in figure 6, a support part (6-1) of a lever structure is assembled, a part of an elastic element mounting convex opening (6-4) is arranged on a lever, the lever structure can be a special-shaped structure (6-1) which supports shaft swing mounting upwards in a shaft swing direction, can also be a special-shaped structure (6-1) of a shaft swing bending structure, and can also be a sawtooth-shaped special-shaped structure (6-1) which can adjust an acting point, a fastening bolt (6-2) is used for fixing the lever structure, the special-shaped support part of the lever structure passes through a lever shaft swing suspension assembly mounting hole (6-5), a mounting hole bolt (6-5-1) on a lever shaft swing suspension assembly of the suspension assembly is used for fixing the shaft swing, and finally the suspension assembly is mounted on a vehicle girder through a fastening pin (6-3) and a lining shaft swing.

4. The lever-structured two-stage suspension as claimed in claim 2, which is formed by combining external elements, wherein: as shown in fig. 7, a girder lifting lug (7-7) is arranged on the upper side of a supporting point of a suspension, a strong damping short-range strong spring (7-6) is arranged on a shaft pendulum, the strong damping short-range strong spring (7-6) is arranged on a shaft pendulum mounting hole at the tail end of a special-shaped lever structure in a shaft pendulum manner, a damping limit cushion block (7-2) is arranged on a suspension assembly, a short-range strong spring (7-5) is arranged on the suspension assembly, the spring is fixed by an elastic element fixing hole and a suspension assembly spacing positioning bolt (7-1) and limits the spacing of the suspension assembly, an auxiliary supporting air bag (7-3) is arranged in the spring, an adjustable supporting shaft head part (7-4) is arranged on the supporting point of the suspension assembly, and the suspension assembly is arranged on a girder (7-8) in a shaft pendulum manner through a suspension assembly fastening pin and a.

5. Explanation of the damping performance of a two-stage damping suspension assembly of lever structure is characterized in that: as shown in figure 8, the device comprises the area division of the stroke of the elastic element, which comprises the area range of the static stroke and the dynamic stroke (8-4) of a harder area between the elastic element above the lever and the lifting lug at the side supporting point, and the area division of the static stroke and the dynamic stroke of a very soft area below the lever, wherein the strength of the auxiliary supporting air bag is adjusted, the static stroke of the very soft area is adjusted to be an adjustable area (8-3) between the lever supporting piece and a suspension mounting assembly (8-1), and the dynamic stroke of the very soft area is the shaft swinging stroke (8-2) of the damping suspension assembly.

6. The two-stage shock attenuation suspension of lever structure, the structure of the static stroke of adjustable extremely soft district, the strong point of shock attenuation suspension is the mounting structure of side's strong point on the side, its characterized in that: as shown in figure 9, the supporting point of the suspension is that a short-stroke strong-force spring strong-damping energy absorption piece (9-1-2) is arranged on an upper square girder lifting lug (9-2) in a shaft swinging mode, the acting point of a lever is a special-shaped walking piece motor gear walking adjusting piece (9-1-1) with a sawtooth-shaped lever matched and arranged with an adjustable supporting point, the acting point of the lever is adjusted through the motor gear walking adjusting piece (9-1-1), and the adjusting point is matched with the strength of an adjusting auxiliary supporting air bag (9-3) to form an adjusting structure for adjusting the static stroke of a very soft area.

7. The method of mounting a two-stage shock absorbing suspension of a lever structure according to claim 2, wherein: as shown in figure 11, the supporting point of the shock-absorbing suspension is a suspension mounting structure above the suspension, and the suspension mounting structure is formed by a bolt fastening point or a shaft pendulum mounting (11-2) of the supporting point on an elastic element, the acting point of a spring support piece lever (11-1) is a special-shaped lever walking piece with a saw-tooth-shaped adjustable supporting point, the acting point of the lever is adjusted through a motor gear walking adjusting piece (11-1-1), and the adjusting point is matched and adjusted with the strength of an auxiliary supporting air bag (11-3), so that a structure for adjusting the static stroke of an extremely soft area is formed.

8. A method of mounting a two-stage shock absorbing suspension of lever construction, in combination with a bridge drive construction, as claimed in claim 2, wherein: as shown in figure 13, the damping suspension assembly longitudinal shaft pendulum is arranged on a cross beam of a crossbeam (13-5) and is arranged with an axle homodromous shaft pendulum, the fixed mounting shaft pendulum is arranged on an axle longitudinal shaft pendulum interface (13-1-1) above an axle (13-4) through a mounting interface of the suspension assembly and a suspension assembly longitudinal shaft pendulum connecting piece (13-1), the axle longitudinal shaft pendulum is arranged on the cross beam of the automobile crossbeam through an axle shaft pendulum connecting piece (13-2) and is arranged on an axle longitudinal shaft pendulum mounting port (13-3-1) below the axle through a shaft pendulum interface (13-3) of the axle shaft pendulum connecting piece, so that the homodromous shaft pendulum supporting structure of the suspension and the axle realizes the mounting method of combining the damping suspension and the axle.

9. The method of mounting a two-stage shock absorbing suspension of lever construction in combination with a bridge drive as claimed in claim 2, wherein: as shown in figure 14, on a rear axle (14-4) of a bridge type drive, an axle is taken as a structure of a mounting assembly, a lever structure supporting piece (14-3) is arranged on the axle in a shaft swinging mode through a lever shaft swinging mounting shaft (14-1), the lever supporting piece is supported through a high-strength steel plate (14-5), an auxiliary supporting air bag (14-2) is arranged between the axle and the lever supporting piece, the tail end of a lever is fixed on the steel plate (14-6) through a steel clamp to form a mounting structure fused with the axle, finally, the lever is arranged on a cross beam in a shaft swinging mode through a homodromous shaft swinging mounting port (14-8), and a limit buffer cushion block (14-7) is arranged between the lever and the axle, so that the fused mounting of a crossbeam and the axle is realized.

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