CN112756953A - Automatic assembly system and method for main reducing component of drive axle - Google Patents
Automatic assembly system and method for main reducing component of drive axle Download PDFInfo
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- CN112756953A CN112756953A CN202011473982.8A CN202011473982A CN112756953A CN 112756953 A CN112756953 A CN 112756953A CN 202011473982 A CN202011473982 A CN 202011473982A CN 112756953 A CN112756953 A CN 112756953A
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
- B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C13/00—Means for manipulating or holding work, e.g. for separate articles
- B05C13/02—Means for manipulating or holding work, e.g. for separate articles for particular articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
- B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/001—Article feeders for assembling machines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
- F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/50—Other automobile vehicle parts, i.e. manufactured in assembly lines
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Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic assembly system and an assembly method of a main reducer part of a drive axle, belonging to the technical field of drive axle assembly equipment and comprising a main reducer assembly device, wherein the main reducer assembly device comprises a portal frame arranged across a ground drag chain, and an axle housing positioning mechanism is arranged on the portal frame and can grab an axle housing positioned on the ground drag chain and rotate to an assembly position; the portal frame is also provided with a main reducing part positioning mechanism, and the main reducing part positioning mechanism can rotate the main reducing part to an assembling angle and move the main reducing part to an assembling position to be assembled with the axle housing; the automatic screw-assembling machine further comprises a control system, a code scanning system, a vision system and a mechanical arm which are all connected with the control system, wherein the mechanical arm can finish gluing and screw assembling according to instructions of the control system; the automatic aerial trolley is arranged above the floor drag chain and used for hoisting the main reducing part to the main reducing part positioning mechanism. The invention realizes the automatic assembly of the main reducer part of the drive axle, improves the assembly quality and the production efficiency and reduces the potential safety hazard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of drive axle assembly equipment, and relates to an automatic assembly system and an assembly method for a drive axle main reducer part.
Background
In the field of commercial vehicles and engineering machinery, a drive axle is a key part of a chassis, a main reducing part is used as a core part of the drive axle, and a main reducing part assembling process is the most important and key ring in the drive axle assembling process.
The main process flow for assembling the main reducing component of the drive axle comprises the following steps: the axle housing targets in place, the assembly face is beaten and is glued, the main part that subtracts lifts by crane, the main part that subtracts to the axle housing bolt hole position and pack into the main part and subtract, wear the screw, the bolt is screwed up.
At present, no equipment capable of realizing automatic assembly of main reducing components of a drive axle exists in China. The main operation modes of mainstream manufacturers at present are as follows:
1. and (5) conveying the main reducing component to the assembly line side, and manually gluing the mounting surface of the axle housing.
2. And manually operating the travelling crane, hoisting the main reducing component, aligning the hole and conveying the main reducing component into the axle housing.
3. The screw is screwed up manually, and the screw is screwed up by manually operating the electric tightening shaft.
The whole process of the existing main reducer assembly is low in production efficiency, low in assembly yield, low in automation degree and high in labor intensity of workers. The current manual assembly mode needs 2 people, the assembly beat is about 10min, and the quality standard reaching rate is 85%. The manual assembly mode occupies more personnel, the labor intensity is high, the production efficiency is low, and the potential safety hazard is large.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an automatic assembling system and an assembling method for a drive axle main reducer component, so as to achieve automatic assembling of the drive axle main reducer component.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an automatic assembly system for a main reducer part of a drive axle comprises a main reducer assembly device, wherein the main reducer assembly device comprises a portal frame arranged across a ground drag chain, an axle housing positioning mechanism is arranged on the portal frame, and the axle housing positioning mechanism can grab an axle housing on the ground drag chain and rotate to an assembly position; the portal frame is also provided with a main reducing part positioning mechanism, the main reducing part positioning mechanism is positioned above the axle housing positioning mechanism, and the main reducing part positioning mechanism can rotate the main reducing part to an assembling angle and move the main reducing part to an assembling position to be assembled with the axle housing; the automatic gluing device comprises a control system, a code scanning system, a vision system and a manipulator, wherein the code scanning system, the vision system and the manipulator are all connected with the control system, the code scanning system can acquire axle housing model information and send the axle housing model information to the control system, the vision system can acquire the size and the position of a surface to be glued of an axle housing positioned in an assembling position and the hole position information of a screw to be installed and send the information to the control system, and the manipulator can complete gluing and screw assembling according to instructions of the control system; the automatic feeding device is characterized by further comprising an aerial self-propelled trolley arranged above the floor drag chain, wherein the aerial self-propelled trolley can automatically select a main reducing part matched with the axle housing according to an instruction of a control system and hoist the main reducing part to a main reducing part positioning mechanism so as to complete automatic feeding of the main reducing part.
Optionally, the main reducing part positioning mechanism comprises a main reducing clamp for clamping the main reducing part and a position adjusting assembly connected with the main reducing clamp; the position adjusting assembly is connected with the portal frame; the main fixture comprises a fixture base fixed at the output end of the position adjusting assembly, a fixing piece and a telescopic mechanism are respectively arranged on two sides of the fixture base, a first positioning flange is arranged at the output end of the telescopic mechanism, a second positioning flange is arranged at one end, close to the telescopic mechanism, of the fixing piece, and the first positioning flange and the second positioning flange are matched with the shape of a main part clamping part corresponding to the first positioning flange and the second positioning flange.
Optionally, the position adjusting assembly comprises a longitudinal positioning mechanism connected with the gantry and capable of moving along a longitudinal direction, a transverse positioning mechanism capable of moving along a transverse direction is arranged at an output end of the longitudinal positioning mechanism, and an angle adjusting mechanism capable of rotating around a vertical direction is arranged at an output end of the transverse positioning mechanism; the output end of the angle adjusting mechanism is provided with a vertical positioning mechanism capable of moving along the vertical direction, and the output end of the vertical positioning mechanism is connected with the main reducer clamp.
Optionally, axle housing positioning mechanism includes and links to each other the elevating gear that can follow vertical direction motion with the portal frame, and elevating gear's output is equipped with and can winds the rotary device of horizontal rotation, and rotary device's output is equipped with the axle housing anchor clamps that can the centre gripping axle housing.
Optionally, the aerial self-propelled trolley comprises a trolley body, a lifting device arranged on the trolley body, and a main reducing hanger connected to the lower end of the lifting device, wherein the main reducing hanger is of a scissor-fork type structure and can be automatically clamped by the gravity of a workpiece.
Optionally, the manipulator is arranged on a beam of the gantry.
The automatic assembling method of the drive axle main reducing component provides the automatic assembling system of the drive axle main reducing component, and comprises the following steps:
s1: conveying the axle housing to a main reducer assembling station through a ground drag chain;
s2: scanning the axle housing to confirm the model of the axle housing, and sending an instruction to the air self-propelled trolley by the control system according to the model of the axle housing so as to automatically dispatch a main reducing part matched with the axle housing to a main reducing assembly station; simultaneously, the axle housing positioning mechanism grabs the axle housing on the floor-driven chain and rotates to an assembly position to wait for gluing and assembling a main reducing component;
s3: the mechanical arm acquires the size and position information of the gluing surface of the axle housing through a vision system and then finishes gluing;
s4: the main reducing part is installed in the main reducing part positioning mechanism through an aerial bicycle, the control system collects the position information of screw holes to be installed of the axle housing and the main reducing part through a vision system, and the main reducing part positioning mechanism clamps and rotates the main reducing part to an assembling angle according to the instruction of the control system and moves the main reducing part to an assembling position to be assembled with the axle housing;
s5: the manipulator acquires the position information of the screw hole to be installed of the axle housing or the main reducing component positioned at the assembling position through a vision system, and then the screw assembly is completed;
and S6, lowering the axle housing positioning mechanism to the ground drag chain and loosening and clamping to enable the assembled main reducing component axle assembly to fall on the ground drag chain, resetting the main reducing assembly device and the aerial self-propelled trolley, and enabling the main reducing component axle assembly to enter the next station along with the ground drag chain.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the axle housing gluing, the main part conveying, the main part aligning assembly, the screw tightening and the station automatic switching can be automatically completed on one set of special equipment, the full-process automatic assembly of the drive axle is realized, the assembly beat is about 5min, the quality standard reaching rate is more than 99.5%, the assembly quality and the production efficiency are improved, and the potential safety hazard is reduced.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a first schematic view of an automated assembly system for a drive axle main reducer assembly according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second schematic view of an automated assembly system for a drive axle main reducer assembly according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a main reducer assembling device 1, an aerial self-propelled trolley 2, a floor drag chain 3, a main reducer part 4, an axle housing 5, a portal frame 11, an axle housing positioning mechanism 12, an angle adjusting mechanism 13, a transverse positioning mechanism 14, a longitudinal positioning mechanism 15, a vertical positioning mechanism 16, a main reducer clamp 17, a manipulator 18, a visual system 19, an electric hoist 21, a trolley body 22, a trolley track 24, a main reducer hanger 25, a plate chain line 31, an axle housing supporting device 32 and a floor drag chain foundation 33.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, an automatic assembling system for a drive axle main reducer part comprises a main reducer assembling device 1, wherein the main reducer assembling device 1 comprises a portal frame 11 arranged across a ground drag chain 3, an axle housing positioning mechanism 12 is arranged on the portal frame 11, and the axle housing positioning mechanism 12 can grab an axle housing 5 on the ground drag chain 3 and rotate to an assembling position; the portal frame 11 is also provided with a main reducing part positioning mechanism, the main reducing part positioning mechanism is positioned above the axle housing positioning mechanism 12, and the main reducing part positioning mechanism can rotate the main reducing part 4 to an assembling angle and move to an assembling position to be assembled with the axle housing 5; the automatic gluing device comprises a control system, a code scanning system, a vision system 19 and a manipulator 18, wherein the code scanning system, the vision system 19 and the manipulator 18 are all connected with the control system, the code scanning system can acquire model information of the axle housing 5 and send the model information to the control system, the vision system 19 can acquire the size and the position of a surface to be glued of the axle housing 5 in an assembling position and hole position information of a screw to be installed and send the information to the control system, and the manipulator 18 can complete gluing and screw assembling according to instructions of the control system; the automatic feeding device is characterized by further comprising an aerial self-propelled trolley 2 arranged above the floor drag chain 3, wherein the aerial self-propelled trolley 2 can automatically select a main reducing part 4 matched with the axle housing 5 according to an instruction of a control system and lift the main reducing part 4 to a main reducing part positioning mechanism so as to complete automatic feeding of the main reducing part 4.
The axle housing positioning mechanism 12 comprises a lifting device which is connected with a portal frame 11 and can move along the vertical direction, the output end of the lifting device is provided with a rotating device which can rotate around the transverse direction, and the output end of the rotating device is provided with an axle housing clamp which can clamp an axle housing 5. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the lifting device can be a hydraulic cylinder or a screw nut pair driven by a motor, and is arranged on an upright post of the portal frame 11; the rotating device adopts a servo motor as a drive and is controlled to rotate by a servo control system, the rotating device is installed at the lifting end of the lifting device, and the axle housing clamp is installed at the output end of the rotating device. After axle housing 5 reachd the main assembly station that subtracts, axle housing positioning mechanism 12 presss from both sides axle housing 5 automatically according to the sensor feedback that is used for detecting the axle housing 5 position, and axle housing 5 after elevating gear will press from both sides tightly goes up and down to the assigned position to break away from axle housing strutting arrangement 32 that sets up on ground tow chain 3. The axle housing positioning mechanism 12 automatically rotates the axle housing 5 by a certain angle according to the feedback of the vision system 19, so that the axle housing is positioned in the assembling position to meet the assembling precision requirement.
The main reducing part positioning mechanism comprises a main reducing clamp 17 for clamping the main reducing part 4 and a position adjusting assembly connected with the main reducing clamp 17; the position adjusting assembly is connected with the portal frame 11; the main clamp 17 that subtracts is equipped with mounting and telescopic machanism respectively including fixing the anchor clamps base at the position adjustment subassembly output, the both sides of anchor clamps base, and telescopic machanism's output is equipped with first locating flange, and the one end that the mounting is close to telescopic machanism is equipped with second locating flange, and first locating flange and second locating flange suit rather than the shape of the main centre gripping position that subtracts part 4 that corresponds.
The position adjusting assembly comprises a longitudinal positioning mechanism 15 which is connected with a portal frame 11 and can move along the longitudinal direction, wherein the output end of the longitudinal positioning mechanism 15 is provided with a transverse positioning mechanism 14 which can move along the transverse direction, and the output end of the transverse positioning mechanism 14 is provided with an angle adjusting mechanism 13 which can rotate around the vertical direction; the output end of the angle adjusting mechanism 13 is provided with a vertical positioning mechanism 16 capable of moving along the vertical direction, and the output end of the vertical positioning mechanism 16 is connected with a main reducing clamp 17. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the longitudinal positioning mechanism 15 automatically and accurately adjusts the main reducer 4 in the longitudinal direction, and comprises a longitudinal mounting seat fixed on a cross beam of the portal frame 11, wherein a longitudinal sliding rail is fixed on the longitudinal mounting seat along the longitudinal direction and is connected with a longitudinal sliding block in a sliding manner; the longitudinal mounting seat is further rotatably connected with a longitudinal screw rod parallel to the longitudinal slide rail, one end of the longitudinal screw rod is connected with a longitudinal servo motor through a coupler, the longitudinal servo motor is fixed on the longitudinal mounting seat, a longitudinal nut is in threaded connection with the longitudinal screw rod, and the longitudinal nut is fixed on the longitudinal slide block.
The transverse positioning mechanism 14 automatically and accurately adjusts the main reducing component 4 in the transverse direction, and comprises a transverse mounting seat fixed on a longitudinal sliding block, a transverse sliding rail is fixed on the transverse mounting seat along the transverse direction, and the transverse sliding rail is connected with a transverse sliding block in a sliding manner; the transverse mounting seat is further rotatably connected with a transverse screw rod parallel to the transverse sliding rail, one end of the transverse screw rod is connected with a transverse servo motor through a coupler, the transverse servo motor is fixed on the transverse mounting seat, a transverse nut is connected to the transverse screw rod in a threaded mode, and the transverse nut is fixed on a transverse sliding block.
The angle adjusting mechanism 13 automatically adjusts the angle of the main reducing component 4 and comprises an angle servo motor and a rotary supporting seat which are arranged on a transverse sliding block, and a dodging hole of the angle servo motor is formed in the rotary supporting seat; the fixed end of the angle servo motor is fixedly connected with the transverse sliding block, and the output end of the angle servo motor extends out of the rotary supporting seat and is connected with a vertical positioning mechanism 16 arranged on the rotary supporting seat.
The vertical positioning mechanism 16 comprises a vertical mounting seat positioned above the rotary supporting seat, the vertical mounting seat is fixedly connected with the output end of the angle servo motor, a vertical sliding rail is fixed on the vertical mounting seat along the vertical direction, a vertical sliding block is connected onto the vertical sliding rail in a sliding manner, and a main reducing clamp 17 is arranged on the vertical sliding block; the vertical mounting seat is further provided with a vertical lead screw parallel to the vertical slide rail, one end of the vertical lead screw is connected with a vertical servo motor through a coupler, the vertical servo motor is fixed on the vertical mounting seat, the vertical lead screw is in threaded connection with a vertical nut, and the vertical nut is fixed on the vertical sliding block.
The vertical positioning mechanism 16 automatically lowers the main reducing member 4, which is correctly positioned, to an assembly position to be attached to the mounting surface of the axle housing 5.
The lifting device and the vertical positioning mechanism 16 can also adopt a motor to drive a gear rack to realize lifting and descending; the longitudinal positioning mechanism 15 and the transverse positioning mechanism 14 can also adopt a motor to drive a gear rack to realize the horizontal inward movement. The main reducer clamp 17 can adopt an electro-hydraulic push rod or a pneumatic push rod as a telescopic mechanism, and the purpose of adjusting the corresponding distance through telescopic adjustment can be achieved.
The angle adjusting mechanism 13, the transverse positioning mechanism 14, the longitudinal positioning mechanism 15 and the vertical positioning mechanism 16 are combined into a closed loop system. Through the comparison feedback of the vision system 19, the four sets of mechanisms are adjusted in a linkage mode so as to meet the precision requirement of assembling the main reducing component 4 and the axle housing 5.
The aerial self-propelled trolley 2 comprises a trolley body 22, a hoisting device and a main reducing sling 25; the trolley body 22 automatically moves along the trolley track 24; the hoisting device can be an electric hoist 21 and is connected with the trolley body 22; the main reducing sling 25 is hung on a lifting hook of the lifting device, and the main reducing sling 25 is of a scissor-fork type structure and can be automatically clamped by the gravity of a workpiece.
The position of the robot 18 of the present invention, which must not interfere with other facilities, is preferably mounted on the beam of the gantry 11, and with this layout, it does not occupy floor space.
The floor drag chain 3 of the present invention comprises a plate link line 31 provided on a floor drag chain base 33, and an axle case supporting device 32 provided on the plate link line 31.
The invention also provides an automatic assembly method of the drive axle main reducing component, which applies the automatic assembly system of the drive axle main reducing component and comprises the following steps:
s1: conveying the axle housing 5 to a main reducer assembling station through a ground drag chain 3;
s2: the axle housing 5 is subjected to code scanning to confirm the model of the axle housing 5, and the control system sends an instruction to the air self-propelled trolley 2 according to the model of the axle housing 5 so as to automatically dispatch a main reducing part 4 matched with the axle housing 5 to a main reducing assembly station; simultaneously, the axle housing positioning mechanism 12 grabs the axle housing 5 on the ground drag chain 3 and rotates to an assembling position to wait for gluing and assembling the main reducing component 4;
s3: the mechanical arm 18 collects the size and position information of the gluing surface of the axle housing through the vision system 19, and then gluing is completed;
s4: the main reducing part 4 is arranged in the main reducing part positioning mechanism through the aerial self-propelled trolley 2, the control system collects the position information of screw holes to be installed of the axle housing 5 and the main reducing part 4 through the vision system 19, and the main reducing part positioning mechanism clamps and rotates the main reducing part 4 to an assembling angle and moves to an assembling position according to the instruction of the control system so as to be assembled with the axle housing 5;
s5: the mechanical arm 18 collects the position information of the screw hole to be installed of the axle housing 5 or the main reducing component 4 in the assembling position through the vision system 19, and then screw assembling is completed;
and S6, lowering the axle housing positioning mechanism 12 to the ground drag chain 3 and loosening and clamping to enable the assembled main reducing component axle assembly to fall on the ground drag chain 3, resetting the main reducing assembly device 1 and the aerial self-propelled trolley 2, and enabling the main reducing component axle assembly to enter the next station along with the ground drag chain 3.
Examples
An automated assembly method for a drive axle main reducer assembly, comprising the steps of:
s1: the ground drag chain 3 carries the axle housing 5 to run to a main reducing assembly station through the axle housing supporting device 32;
s2: the axle housing 5 is subjected to code scanning through a code scanning system to confirm the model of the axle housing 5, and the control system sends an instruction to the air self-propelled trolley 2 according to the model of the axle housing 5 so as to automatically dispatch a main reducing part 4 matched with the axle housing 5 to a main reducing assembly station; meanwhile, the axle housing positioning mechanism 12 grabs the axle housing 5 on the axle housing supporting device 32 and rotates to an assembling position to wait for gluing and assembling the main reducing component 4; the action of the axle housing positioning mechanism 12 comprises clamping, jacking and rotating the axle housing 5 so as to accurately position the axle housing 5 to an assembly position;
s3: the mechanical arm 18 collects the size and position information of the gluing surface of the axle housing through the vision system 19, and then gluing is completed;
s4: the electric hoist 21 positioned below the overhead self-propelled trolley 2 carries the main reducing component 4 to automatically descend;
s5: in the descending process of the main reducing part 4, the main reducing part touches the main reducing clamp 17, and the main reducing hanger 25 realizes automatic loosening; the main hanger 25 that subtracts adopts the scissor type structure, and the main hanger 25 that subtracts leans on work piece gravity self-holding, and the work piece meets and stops the back, and gravity offsets, and the main hanger 25 that subtracts unclamps automatically. The main reducing clamp 17 is used for supporting and clamping the main reducing component 4, and the main reducing clamp 17 is provided with a guide positioning flange corresponding to the shape of the shell of the main reducing component 4 so as to realize effective clamping and ensure the level of the screw mounting surface of the main reducing component 4;
s6: the control system collects the position information of screw holes to be installed of the axle housing 5 and the main reducing component 4 through the vision system 19, the main reducing component positioning mechanism adjusts the main reducing component 4 through position adjusting assemblies with 4 degrees of freedom including the angle adjusting mechanism 13, the transverse positioning mechanism 14, the longitudinal positioning mechanism 15 and the vertical positioning mechanism 16 according to the instruction of the control system, and then the main reducing component 4 is installed in the axle housing 5;
s7: the manipulator 18 changes the screw gripper, judges the screw hole position of the main reducing installation surface through the vision system 19, automatically grips the screw, puts the screw into the screw hole, and brings the screw into several buckles;
s8: the manipulator 18 changes the screw tightening head, the screw hole position of the main reducing installation surface is judged through the vision system 19, and the initial screwing and final screwing of the screw are automatically completed;
s9: the axle housing positioning mechanism 12 drives the axle housing 5 to descend, loosen and clamp, so that an axle assembly provided with the main reducing component 4 falls on an axle housing supporting device 32 on the ground drag chain 3;
s10: resetting the main reducer assembling device 11 and the aerial self-propelled trolley 22; the ground drag chain 3 carrying the bridge assembly moves forwards to the next station; the assembly content of the main reducer assembly station is completed.
The economic benefit analysis of the invention is as follows:
1. at present, the manufacturing industry of China is dedicated to the improvement and the upgrade of factory workshops, the automation level is improved, the efficiency is improved, and the personnel investment is reduced. As for the domestic drive axle manufacturing industry, an automatic assembly system similar to the main drive axle reduction part provided by the invention does not exist, and the system opens up a new idea for the automatic assembly of the main drive axle reduction part 4 of the drive axle manufacturing industry in China.
2. All the drive axle production enterprises need to assemble the main reducer part 4, the current situation is completed by manually utilizing a traveling crane and equipment or tools with single functions, the personnel participation is large in the assembly process, the quality is uncontrollable, the labor intensity is high, the efficiency is low, and the safety is poor.
3. In terms of reduction and efficiency improvement, the invention can eliminate the original 2 assembly workers; the assembly time is reduced from 10min to 5 min; and moreover, the assembly of key processes is carried out by adopting automatic equipment, so that the product quality and the stability are greatly improved.
According to the invention, the axle housing gluing, the main reducing part conveying, the main reducing part aligning assembly, the screw tightening and the station automatic switching can be automatically completed on a set of special equipment, the full-process automatic assembly of the drive axle is realized, the assembly beat is about 5min, the quality standard reaching rate is more than 99.5%, the assembly quality and the production efficiency are improved, and the potential safety hazard is reduced.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An automated assembly system for a drive axle main reducing component, comprising: the assembly device comprises a main reducer assembly device, wherein the main reducer assembly device comprises a portal frame arranged across a floor drag chain, an axle housing positioning mechanism is arranged on the portal frame, and the axle housing positioning mechanism can grab an axle housing on the floor drag chain and rotate to an assembly position;
the portal frame is also provided with a main reducing part positioning mechanism, the main reducing part positioning mechanism is positioned above the axle housing positioning mechanism, and the main reducing part positioning mechanism can rotate the main reducing part to an assembling angle and move the main reducing part to an assembling position to be assembled with the axle housing;
the automatic gluing device comprises a control system, a code scanning system, a vision system and a manipulator, wherein the code scanning system, the vision system and the manipulator are all connected with the control system, the code scanning system can acquire axle housing model information and send the axle housing model information to the control system, the vision system can acquire the size and the position of a surface to be glued of an axle housing positioned in an assembling position and the hole position information of a screw to be installed and send the information to the control system, and the manipulator can complete gluing and screw assembling according to instructions of the control system;
the automatic feeding device is characterized by further comprising an aerial self-propelled trolley arranged above the floor drag chain, wherein the aerial self-propelled trolley can automatically select a main reducing part matched with the axle housing according to an instruction of a control system and hoist the main reducing part to a main reducing part positioning mechanism so as to complete automatic feeding of the main reducing part.
2. An automated assembly system for a drive axle main reducer assembly according to claim 1, wherein: the main reducing part positioning mechanism comprises a main reducing clamp for clamping the main reducing part and a position adjusting assembly connected with the main reducing clamp; the position adjusting assembly is connected with the portal frame; the main fixture comprises a fixture base fixed at the output end of the position adjusting assembly, a fixing piece and a telescopic mechanism are respectively arranged on two sides of the fixture base, a first positioning flange is arranged at the output end of the telescopic mechanism, a second positioning flange is arranged at one end, close to the telescopic mechanism, of the fixing piece, and the first positioning flange and the second positioning flange are matched with the shape of a main part clamping part corresponding to the first positioning flange and the second positioning flange.
3. An automated assembly system for a drive axle main reducer assembly according to claim 2, wherein: the position adjusting assembly comprises a longitudinal positioning mechanism which is connected with the portal frame and can move along the longitudinal direction, the output end of the longitudinal positioning mechanism is provided with a transverse positioning mechanism which can move along the transverse direction, and the output end of the transverse positioning mechanism is provided with an angle adjusting mechanism which can rotate around the vertical direction; the output end of the angle adjusting mechanism is provided with a vertical positioning mechanism capable of moving along the vertical direction, and the output end of the vertical positioning mechanism is connected with the main reducer clamp.
4. An automated assembly system for a drive axle main reducer assembly according to claim 1, wherein: axle housing positioning mechanism includes and links to each other the elevating gear that can follow vertical direction motion with the portal frame, and elevating gear's output is equipped with and can winds the rotary device of horizontal rotation, and rotary device's output is equipped with the axle housing anchor clamps that can the centre gripping axle housing.
5. An automated assembly system for a drive axle main reducer assembly according to claim 1, wherein: the aerial self-propelled trolley comprises a trolley body, a lifting device arranged on the trolley body and a main reducing sling connected to the lower end of the lifting device, wherein the main reducing sling is of a scissor-fork type structure and can be automatically clamped by the gravity of a workpiece.
The overhead self-propelled trolley comprises a trolley body and a main reducing lifting appliance connected with the trolley body, wherein the main reducing lifting appliance is of a scissor-fork type structure and can be automatically clamped by the gravity of a workpiece.
6. An automated assembly system for a drive axle main reducer assembly according to claim 1, wherein: the manipulator is arranged on a beam of the portal frame.
7. An automated assembly method of a drive axle main reducing component, characterized by providing an automated assembly system of a drive axle main reducing component according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1: conveying the axle housing to a main reducer assembling station through a ground drag chain;
s2: scanning the axle housing to confirm the model of the axle housing, and sending an instruction to the air self-propelled trolley by the control system according to the model of the axle housing so as to automatically dispatch a main reducing part matched with the axle housing to a main reducing assembly station; simultaneously, the axle housing positioning mechanism grabs the axle housing on the floor-driven chain and rotates to an assembly position to wait for gluing and assembling a main reducing component;
s3: the mechanical arm acquires the size and position information of the gluing surface of the axle housing through a vision system and then finishes gluing;
s4: the main reducing part is installed in the main reducing part positioning mechanism through an aerial bicycle, the control system collects the position information of screw holes to be installed of the axle housing and the main reducing part through a vision system, and the main reducing part positioning mechanism clamps and rotates the main reducing part to an assembling angle according to the instruction of the control system and moves the main reducing part to an assembling position to be assembled with the axle housing;
s5: the manipulator acquires the position information of the screw hole to be installed of the axle housing or the main reducing component positioned at the assembling position through a vision system, and then the screw assembly is completed;
and S6, lowering the axle housing positioning mechanism to the ground drag chain and loosening and clamping to enable the assembled main reducing component axle assembly to fall on the ground drag chain, resetting the main reducing assembly device and the aerial self-propelled trolley, and enabling the main reducing component axle assembly to enter the next station along with the ground drag chain.
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| CN202011473982.8A CN112756953B (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | Automatic assembly system and method for main reducing component of drive axle |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115098933A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-23 | 厦门万里石建筑装饰工程有限公司 | Wall surface decorative surface design method |
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