CN112754697A - 3D printed implant with arc-shaped pipeline and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a 3D printed implant with an arc-shaped pipeline and a preparation method thereof, which is used for being implanted into an alveolar bone implant nest of a patient, and the implant comprises: the bone joint structure comprises a compact core body and a bone joint part wrapped outside the compact core body; the bone-engaging portion includes a first porous portion and a second porous portion; the first porous part is connected with the top surface of the second porous part; a plurality of arc-shaped pipelines are arranged in the first porous part; the arc pipeline is provided with openings at two ends and is communicated with the outside through the openings; the arc-shaped pipeline extends into the cleaning component through the opening to clean the interior of the arc-shaped pipeline. The interior of the arc-shaped conduit can be loaded with a drug (such as BMP-2, VEGF, PDGF, etc.) to induce rapid bone tissue ingrowth. The invention has the characteristics of good strength, matching of the elastic modulus of the osseointegrated part with that of a patient and easy cleaning. The invention has wide application, and is suitable for various edentulous patients, in particular to the condition of insufficient alveolar bone mass or bone density.

Description

3D printed implant with arc-shaped pipeline and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of oral implants, in particular to a 3D printed implant with an arc-shaped pipeline and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, the dental implant restoration is one of the conventional restoration methods for dentition defects and deletions. Titanium and titanium alloy are used as the most common implant materials in clinic, the elastic modulus (110GPa) of the titanium and titanium alloy is far higher than that of a human jaw bone (the elastic modulus of cortical bone is 3-30GPa, and the elastic modulus of cancellous bone is 0.5-3GPa), and a stress shielding effect is generated, so that bone absorption is caused, and the implant is loosened, sunk and even dislocated. In addition, some patients suffer from periodontal diseases, osteoporosis, diabetes, tumors and other diseases, the alveolar bone mass is insufficient or the cancellous bone density is lower than that of normal people, which puts higher requirements on the bone combining force of the implant.

In daily life, because the oral cavity is not cleaned well, bacteria can adhere to and grow around the implant, so that the tissues around the implant are inflamed, and peri-implant inflammation is generated. Periimplantitis an inflammatory lesion with plaque infection as an initiating factor. When microorganisms, particularly pathogenic bacteria, adhere and colonize on the surface of an implant to form a biological membrane, endogenous immune imbalance caused by virulence factors becomes a potential risk for causing peri-implantitis. When the peri-implantitis is serious, bone tissues around the implant can generate a bone absorption phenomenon, namely, the volume of the bone tissues is gradually reduced, the height of a bone surface is reduced, the top of the implant is exposed, so that the stability of combining the implant and the alveolar bone is reduced, the implant falls off, and the implant fails to be implanted. And once the bone absorption phenomenon around the implant occurs, the bone absorption phenomenon is not easy to reverse, so the postoperative maintenance of the implant is particularly important, and the prevention of the peri-implantitis is more important than the treatment. At present, doctors usually use an ultrasonic dental scaler (such as a novel practical ultrasonic dental scaler: CN 212140643U; patent of the invention: CN112043443A visual dental scaler) to clean the surface of an implant, so that the working tip of the dental scaler lightly touches the dental plaque, and the dental plaque is removed by ultrasonic vibration.

The existing implant is mostly communicated with a hole structure to reduce the overall elastic modulus of the material, so that the mechanical property of the implant is more matched with that of human skeleton, however, when the soft tissue around the implant generates inflammation, the hole is difficult to clean by the structural design of the existing implant, and the anti-inflammation treatment effect is not ideal.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to improve the existing implant, and provides a 3D printed implant with an arc-shaped pipeline and a preparation method thereof, wherein the implant is easy to clean bacterial plaques in the implant.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a 3D printed implant with an arc-shaped channel for implanting in an alveolar bone implant socket of a patient, the implant comprising: a dense core and a bone-engaging portion surrounding the dense core; the bone-engaging portion includes a first porous portion and a second porous portion; the first porous portion is connected to a top surface of the second porous portion; a plurality of arc-shaped pipelines are arranged in the first porous part; the two ends of the arc pipeline are provided with openings and are communicated with the outside through the openings; the arc-shaped pipeline extends into the cleaning component through the opening to clean the interior of the arc-shaped pipeline.

Optionally, the arc-shaped pipe is bent towards the dense core body and is close to the dense core body.

Optionally, the arc-shaped pipeline is in a semicircular ring shape.

Optionally, the pipe diameter of the arc-shaped pipeline is 0.5mm-0.7 mm.

Optionally, a plurality of porous structures are formed in the second porous portion, and an average elastic modulus of the whole bone combining portion is the same as an average bone elastic modulus of the alveolar bone of the patient.

Optionally, the arc-shaped pipeline is not communicated with the porous structure.

Optionally, the arc-shaped conduit and the interior of the porous structure are loaded with a drug for inducing bone tissue ingrowth.

Optionally, the bone-engaging portion further comprises: the connecting part is connected with the top surface of the first porous part, and the inside of the connecting part is free of pores or is provided with pores which are not communicated with the outside.

Optionally, the cleaning component is a working tip of a dental scaler.

Optionally, the preparation method of the 3D printed implant with the arc-shaped conduit includes the following steps:

(1) determining the material of the implant, then carrying out preoperative jaw quantitative CT shooting on the patient, and calculating the average bone elastic modulus of the alveolar bone of the patient; (2) designing the pipe diameter and the number of the arc-shaped pipelines according to the average bone elasticity modulus of a patient; (3) and personalized preparation of the implant by using 3D printing equipment.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) under the condition that peri-implantitis generates bone resorption, the working tip of the dental scaler can extend into the part of the arc-shaped pipeline close to the compact core body to clean the whole arc-shaped pipeline.

(2) Compared with a straight pipeline, the arc pipeline does not contain edges and corners, and washing water in the arc pipeline can flow out more easily in the process of cleaning bacterial plaques by the dental scaler.

(3) The invention ensures the whole strength of the implant through the compact core body structure, reduces the whole elastic modulus of the implant through the bone combination part, and obviously reduces the stress shielding phenomenon.

(4) The invention increases the bone combination area through the external spiral of the side wall of the bone combination part, is beneficial to the tight combination of the implant and the alveolar bone and the long-term stability of the implant, and can bear more load even if the height of the alveolar bone is insufficient.

(5) The invention can load various different medicines or bone-promoting factors at different positions in a single arc-shaped pipeline, thereby achieving the effect of gradually releasing the medicines.

(6) The invention can change the density, strength, elastic modulus and other properties of the implant by adjusting the parameters of the arc-shaped pipeline such as the pipe diameter, the number, the turning angle and the like, so as to meet the use requirements of different parts and alveolar bone conditions in clinic.

(7) The invention is integrally prepared by 3D printing, has good flexibility, can realize personalized design, and has simple process and low cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a 3D printed implant with an arc-shaped channel according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a 3D printed implant with an arc-shaped channel of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 3D printed curved cannulated implant of the present invention.

In the figure: 10-head, 11-groove; 20-body, 21-dense core, 22-osseointegration, 221-connection, 222-first porous, 223-second porous, 224-arc channel.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, the invention discloses a 3D printed implant with an arc-shaped pipeline, which is used for being implanted into an alveolar bone implantation pit of a patient, wherein the top of the implant is connected with a prosthesis through a foundation pile to support the prosthesis. The implant includes: a head 10 and a body 20 connected to the bottom surface of the head 10; the head 10 is a transgingival part and the body 20 is a osseointegrated part. The body 20 comprises: a dense core body 21 and a bone-engaging portion 22 surrounding the exterior of the dense core body 21; the bone-engaging portion 22 includes: a first porous portion 222, a second porous portion 223; the first porous portion 222 is connected to the top surface of the second porous portion 223; a plurality of arcuate conduits 224 are formed within the first porous section 222; openings are formed in two ends of the arc-shaped pipeline 224, and the arc-shaped pipeline 224 is communicated with the outside through the openings; the arc tube 224 is internally cleaned by a cleaning member which protrudes from the opening into the interior of the arc tube 224. Compared with the hole structure, in the dental plaque cleaning process of the 3D printed implant with the arc-shaped pipeline, the cleaning component can extend into the part, close to the compact core body 21, of the arc-shaped pipeline 224 to clean the whole arc-shaped pipeline 224.

After the implant is implanted into the alveolar bone of a patient, pathogenic bacteria can adhere to the periphery of the implant due to poor oral cavity cleaning of the patient, so that the soft tissue around the implant is inflamed, and peri-implant inflammation is caused. When the peri-implant inflammation of the patient is serious, the inflammation of the soft tissue may be involved in the bone bed, so that the bone tissue around the implant is subjected to a bone resorption phenomenon, that is, the bone surface height of the bone tissue is lowered, and the first porous portion 222 is exposed. In some embodiments, the first porous section 222 has a thickness of 1 mm. During the treatment process, doctors need to firstly clean bacterial plaques on the surface of the implant and inside the implant, remove pathogenic bacteria around the implant and then carry out subsequent anti-inflammation treatment. The internal dental plaque cleaning method for the 3D-printed implant with the arc-shaped pipeline comprises the following steps:

firstly, a working switch of the ultrasonic tooth cleaner is turned on, and the power of the tooth cleaner is adjusted according to the size of bacterial plaque attached to an implant of a patient, so that the power of the tooth cleaner is proper and the implant is not damaged; then, the handle part of the scaler is held to extend the working tip into the implant, so that the head end part of the working tip lightly touches the bacterial plaque, and the bacterial plaque is vibrated and fallen by ultrasonic vibration. Because the temperature of the working tip is gradually increased in the ultrasonic vibration process, the ultrasonic vibration is carried out to shake off the bacterial plaque, and simultaneously, washing water is sprayed into the implant to cool the working tip and wash the implant, so that the shaken bacterial plaque flows out of the implant.

The 'working tip' is a fitting which is arranged at the end part of the handle of the ultrasonic tooth cleaner and is used for cleaning teeth or an implant, and a doctor cleans the teeth or the implant by contacting the head of the working tip with the teeth or the implant and performing operations such as scraping, grinding, drilling, swinging and washing root canals and the like in the treatment process.

The pipe diameter of the arc-shaped pipeline 224 is set to be 0.5mm-0.7mm, and the arc-shaped pipeline 224 in the range allows the working tip of the tooth cleaner to extend into the arc-shaped pipeline 224 so as to clean the whole arc-shaped pipeline 224.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the middle of the curved tube 224 is curved toward the dense core 21, and the curved tube 224 is symmetrical, so that after cleaning one end of the curved tube 224, the physician can use the same tip to clean the other end of the curved tube 224.

The arc tube 224 of the present invention is provided in the bone-engaging portion 22 in a horizontal or non-horizontal direction; in some embodiments, the line connecting the two ends of the arc-shaped pipe 224 forms an angle of 0-15 ° with the horizontal plane.

The volume of the arcuate tube 224 in the first porous portion 222 is preferably maintained during the implant design process, i.e., while ensuring sufficient strength to securely support the prosthesis at the top of the implant, the arcuate tube allows bone tissue around the implant to grow into the implant, thereby securely bonding the implant to the alveolar bone. In some embodiments, the arcuate conduit 224 comprises 30% to 90% of the volume of the first porous section 222, and the arcuate conduit 224 within this range ensures that the first porous section 222 has sufficient strength to support the prosthesis without causing the implant to be too strong and interfering with the ingrowth of bone tissue into the patient.

In order to further promote the combination of alveolar bone and implant, the inside of the arc-shaped conduit 224 of the present invention may be loaded with active factors (such as BMP-2, VEGF, PDGF), elements (strontium, zinc, magnesium, calcium), anti-infective drugs (silver ion, gentamicin), etc. for promoting the growth of bone tissue. Preferably, different drugs or bone-promoting factors can be loaded at different positions in the single arc-shaped pipe 224, so that the drugs are gradually released, and different drugs are applied at different stages of bone tissue growth, thereby achieving a better bone combination effect.

In order to make the mechanical properties of the implant more compatible with the human skeleton, the implant needs to have a further reduced elastic modulus. In some preferred embodiments, therefore, the second porous portion 223 is augmented with a porous structure, such as holes or tubes. However, in order to prevent bacteria of the first porous portion 222 from growing along the holes or ducts of the inside of the implant to the second porous portion 223, the arc-shaped duct 224 of the present invention is not communicated with the holes or ducts of the second porous portion 223.

As shown in fig. 2, in order to further reduce bacteria introduced inside the implant, the bone-engaging portion 22 of the present invention further includes: a connection portion 221, the connection portion 221 being connected to a top surface of the first porous portion 222; the connection portion 221 increases the distance between the first porous portion 222 and the soft tissue of the patient, preventing pathogenic bacteria in the soft tissue from entering the inside of the arc-shaped duct 224. The interior of the connecting part 221 of the invention is not communicated with the outside, and the interior can be a solid structure or a porous structure; the thickness of the connection portion 221 is about 1-2 mm.

Referring to fig. 2, the 3D printed implant with the arc-shaped pipe 224 according to the present invention has a groove 11 formed therein for installing a foundation pile, and the groove 11 has an internal thread through which the foundation pile is screwed to the implant. Wherein, the top of the foundation pile is connected with the prosthesis to play the roles of supporting, fixing and stabilizing the prosthesis.

The invention ensures the integral strength of the implant through the compact core body 21 so as to stably support the prosthesis; the elastic modulus of the entire implant is reduced by the bone-engaging portion 22 to reduce the stress shielding phenomenon. In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the dense core body 21 to the thickness of the bone-engaging portion 22 is 1:1 to 1:2, and the total thickness of the two is 3.3mm to 4.8 mm.

The side wall of the bone combining part 22 is provided with external threads which are in a fine-toothed shape and are distributed along the body part 20 in a surrounding way, the thread form can be a thread ascending type or a fin type, the thread pitch is 0.8mm, and the major diameter of the thread is 6.5 mm. The osseointegration part 22 of the present invention increases the area for osseointegration by means of the external thread, is advantageous for the close integration of the implant with the alveolar bone, is advantageous for the long-term stability of the implant, and can bear more load even in the case of insufficient alveolar bone height. In some embodiments, the invention can be integrally prepared by 3D printing and then screwed into the prepared planting nest through the external threads.

The 3D printed implant with the arc-shaped pipeline can be designed into various clinical common shapes including conical, cylindrical, modified conical and the like, and is made of pure titanium, titanium alloy, ceramic and high polymer organic materials such as PEEK and other oral implant materials which can be used for 3D printing.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the 3D printed implant with the arc-shaped pipeline, which comprises the following steps:

(1) the implant material can be determined to be pure titanium, titanium alloy, ceramic, high molecular organic material, such as PEEK and other oral implant materials which can be used for 3D printing.

(2) The method comprises the steps of carrying out jaw bone quantitative CT shooting on a patient before an operation, carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction on CT scanning data of the patient by using computer software according to the CT scanning data, selecting a cross section CT scanning image passing through a midpoint of an edentulous region, designing the position of an implant on the cross section image by using the computer software, and calculating the average bone elastic modulus of alveolar bone of the patient according to the bone mass and the bone density of the patient (specifically, please refer to the invention patent: CN104352285B, a design and manufacturing method of an individualized 3D printing implant).

(3) Preparing the implant by using a 3D printing technology: the present invention can adjust parameters such as the tube diameter, the number, the bending angle, etc. of the arc-shaped tube 224 according to the average bone elastic modulus of the patient, and design the position and the size of the implant (e.g., 4.8mm by 5mm or 4.1mm by 10mm), so that the average elastic modulus of the whole bone combining portion 22 is the same as the average bone elastic modulus of the alveolar bone of the patient, and the optimal matching effect of the bone elastic modulus is achieved.

Example 1

The present embodiment provides a 3D printed implant with an arc-shaped channel, the bone-engaging portion 22 of the implant comprising: a first porous portion 222 and a second porous portion 223; conduits are opened in both the first porous portion 222 and the second porous portion 223: an arc-shaped pipeline 224 is arranged in the first porous part 222 so that the cleaning component can extend into the first porous part for cleaning; the duct opened in the second porous portion 223 may be a straight duct or an arc duct, and the elastic modulus of the bone-engaging portion 22 may be reduced.

Example 2

The 3D printed implant with the arc-shaped conduit of the present embodiment is similar to that of embodiment 1, except that holes are formed in the second porous portion 223; also, the portion of the second porous portion 223 close to the dense core 21 has a low porosity to firmly support the dense core; the portion of the second porous portion 223 adjacent to the alveolar bone has a high porosity to promote the ingrowth of bone tissue. Further, the porosity of the second porous portion 223 gradually increases and gradually changes in a gradient manner from the dense core body 21 to the alveolar bone, so as to effectively reduce the occurrence of the stress concentration phenomenon inside the implant.

Example 3

The present embodiment provides a 3D printed implant with an arc-shaped channel, the bone-engaging portion 22 of the implant comprising: a connecting portion 221, a first porous portion 222, a second porous portion 223; the connection part 221 is connected with the top surface of the first porous part 222, so that the distance between the first porous part 222 and the soft tissue of the patient is increased, and pathogenic bacteria in the soft tissue are prevented from entering the inner part of the arc-shaped pipeline 224; the first porous portion 222 has an arc-shaped pipe 224 therein, and the second porous portion 223 has a porous structure therein, wherein the porous structure may be the same pipe structure as the arc-shaped pipe 224, or a different porous structure from the arc-shaped pipe 224, and the porous structure is not communicated with the arc-shaped pipe 224.

In conclusion, in the process of cleaning the dental plaque, the working tip of the dental scaler can extend into the part of the arc-shaped pipeline close to the compact core body to clean the whole arc-shaped pipeline, and the cleaning effect is good. The implant is prepared by the 3D printing technology, so that the flexibility is good, the personalized design can be realized, the process is simple, and the cost is low.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. A3D printed implant with an arc-shaped conduit for implantation in an alveolar bone graft socket of a patient, the implant comprising: a dense core and a bone-engaging portion surrounding the dense core; the bone-engaging portion includes a first porous portion and a second porous portion; the first porous portion is connected to a top surface of the second porous portion; a plurality of arc-shaped pipelines are arranged in the first porous part;

the two ends of the arc pipeline are provided with openings and are communicated with the outside through the openings; the arc-shaped pipeline extends into the cleaning component through the opening to clean the interior of the arc-shaped pipeline.

2. The 3D printed curved cannulated implant of claim 1, wherein the curved cannulation curves in a direction toward and in proximity to the densified core.

3. The 3D printed curved cannulated implant of claim 1, wherein the curved cannulation is semi-circular.

4. The 3D printed arcuate channeled implant of claim 1, wherein the arcuate conduit has a tube diameter of 0.5mm to 0.7 mm.

5. The 3D printed curved cannulated implant of claim 1, wherein a plurality of porous structures are formed within the second porous portion and the aggregate mean modulus of elasticity of the osseointegration portion is the same as the mean modulus of elasticity of the patient's alveolar bone.

6. The 3D printed curved cannulated implant of claim 5, wherein the curved cannulation is not in communication with the porous structure.

7. The 3D printed curved cannulated implant of claim 5, wherein the curved cannulation and the interior of the porous structure are loaded with a drug for inducing bone tissue ingrowth.

8. The 3D printed curved cannulated implant of claim 1, wherein the bone-engaging portion further comprises: the connecting part is connected with the top surface of the first porous part, and the inside of the connecting part is free of pores or is provided with pores which are not communicated with the outside.

9. The 3D printed curved cannulated implant of claim 1, wherein the cleaning element is a tip of a dental scaler.

10. The method of preparing a 3D printed curved cannulated implant according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

(1) determining the material of the implant, then carrying out preoperative jaw quantitative CT shooting on the patient, and calculating the average bone elastic modulus of the alveolar bone of the patient; (2) designing the pipe diameter and the number of the arc-shaped pipelines according to the average bone elasticity modulus of a patient; (3) and personalized preparation of the implant by using 3D printing equipment.

Images