CN112753496A - 一种轻型屋顶绿化建植方法 - Google Patents

一种轻型屋顶绿化建植方法 Download PDF

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CN112753496A
CN112753496A CN202110039726.6A CN202110039726A CN112753496A CN 112753496 A CN112753496 A CN 112753496A CN 202110039726 A CN202110039726 A CN 202110039726A CN 112753496 A CN112753496 A CN 112753496A
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李桂荣
陈强
张鹏
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/02—Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
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    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/0404—Drainage on the roof surface
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
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    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02B80/32—Roof garden systems

Abstract

现有的绿化植物和基质组合对屋顶顶板的压力不同，在施工工程中须严格计算承重及屋顶荷载，保障屋顶花园总荷载满足屋顶花园建设需求，如果重量过大容易对房屋结构造成损坏，无法大力推广应用。因此本发明提出一种轻型屋顶绿化建植方法，在屋顶从上往下分别搭建植被层、种植土层、过滤层、排水层或蓄水层、保护层、耐根穿刺防水层、普通防水层、找平坡层或找坡层、绝热层、结构层；其中种植土层由园土、砂砾和轻质基质组成，园土、砂砾、轻质基质的比例为3:2:5，轻质基质包含绿肥、蛭石、珍珠岩、草炭灰、锯末，所述植被层选用八宝景天、垂盆草、石竹或佛甲草。本发明提出的方案足够轻质，荷载极低，便于推广至更多建筑物使用。

Description

一种轻型屋顶绿化建植方法
技术领域
本发明涉及屋顶绿化领域，更具体涉及一种轻型屋顶绿化建植方法。
背景技术
随着人口逐渐往城市集中，使城市用地逐渐紧张，给城市的环境绿化带来压力，环境问题引起人们的重视，城市生态环境广受关注。近年来，轻型绿色屋顶由于建造成本低、易维护、生态功能突出、快速显现景观效果等优点，日益受到各国重视。
建筑物顶面没有植物的覆盖，造成防水层寿命缩短，防水层的破坏会造成水分与建筑物顶板中钢筋的接触，进而引起钢筋的锈蚀，造成安全隐患。而对于目前的屋顶绿化来看，大多根据屋顶的大致荷载确定绿化的形式，使屋顶绿化对植物的选择及形式得到限制，现有的绿化植物和基质组合对屋顶顶板的压力不同，在施工工程中须严格计算承重及屋顶荷载，保障屋顶花园总荷载满足屋顶花园建设需求，如果重量过大容易对房屋结构造成损坏，无法大力推广应用。
发明内容
为了解决上述屋顶绿化存在的问题，本发明提出了一种适用于轻型屋顶绿化建植方法，其具体实现方法如下。
一种轻型屋顶绿化建植方法，在屋顶从上往下分别搭建植被层、种植土层、过滤层、排水层或蓄水层、保护层、耐根穿刺防水层、普通防水层、找平坡层或找坡层、绝热层、结构层；其中种植土层由园土、砂砾和轻质基质组成，园土、砂砾、轻质基质的比例为3:2:5，所述轻质基质包含绿肥、蛭石、珍珠岩、草炭灰、锯末的一种或几种，所述植被层选用八宝景天、垂盆草、石竹或佛甲草。
优选的，种植土层由园土、砂砾和绿肥组成时，植被层选用八宝景天或佛甲草。
优选的，种植土层由园土、砂砾和蛭石组成时，植被层选用佛甲草或石竹。
优选的，种植土层由园土、砂砾和珍珠岩组成时，植被层选用佛甲草。
优选的，种植土层由园土、砂砾和草炭灰组成时，植被层选用佛甲草或八宝景天。
优选的，种植土层由园土、砂砾和锯末时，植被层选用石竹、佛甲草或垂盆草。
本发明的有益效果为：
在实验结果的基础上，对基质配方和植物种类进行综合分析，一方面选用配方重量能够适宜大部分房屋承受压力的几种基质，一方面选用配合基质配方生长良好的几种植物，形成多种适宜暖温带半湿润地区屋顶绿植的最优配比，与现有的屋顶绿植相比，本发明提出的方案足够轻质，荷载极低，便于推广至更多建筑物使用，不易受屋顶环境及房屋承重限制，同时抗逆性较佳，保障屋顶花园的普适性，确保绿色建筑推广的顺利实施。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述绿化建植分层结构示意图；
1-搭建植被层，2-种植土层，3-过滤层，4-排水层或蓄水层，5-保护层，6-耐根穿刺防水层，7-普通防水层，8-找平坡层或找坡层，9-绝热层，10-结构层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实验结果，对本发明涉及的技术方案提出一种具体实施例，以便加深对本发明所述方法的理解。
隶属函数值能够反应出植物的抗逆性，隶属指数越大，植物抗逆性越强。
隶属函数值的计算方法如下
(1)如果指标和抗逆性呈正相关：
Figure BDA0002895229940000021
(2)如果指标和抗逆性呈负相关：
Figure BDA0002895229940000022
式中X(μ)为隶属函数值，X为逆境胁迫后某指标的测定值，Xmin、Xmax为所有参试指标的最小值和最大值。
从表1可知，12种常见屋顶绿化植物中，在高温、盐度和强光等不利条件下，普通植物会产生膜质过氧化在屋顶环境的状态下，佛甲草、八宝景天、垂盆草三种植物以其独特的结构表现出良好的生长状态，MDA(丙二醛)含量低于其他实验组，SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)和叶绿素含量高于其他试验组，抗逆性较强，并且可在自然状态下越冬。玉簪和草地早熟禾的生长状态与其他试验组存在较大差异，抗逆性差。
Figure BDA0002895229940000031
表1
由表2可知，通过隶属函数值对基质配方、植物种类进行综合分析，结果显示：绿肥+八宝景天，蛭石+佛甲草，珍珠岩+佛甲草，草炭灰+佛甲草，锯末+石竹，锯末+佛甲草，蛭石+石竹，草炭灰+八宝景天，锯末+垂盆草，绿肥+佛甲草该10个组合植物生长表现较好，且结合配方的重量及房屋的承受压力，选择蛭石+佛甲草、珍珠岩+佛甲草以及蛭石+石竹3个组合较好。
Figure BDA0002895229940000032
表2
因此，本发明提出一种轻型屋顶绿化建植方法，在屋顶从上往下分别搭建植被层、种植土层、过滤层、排水层或蓄水层、保护层、耐根穿刺防水层、普通防水层、找平坡层或找坡层、绝热层、结构层，其特征在于，所述种植土层由园土、砂砾和轻质基质组成，所述园土、砂砾、轻质基质的比例为3:2:5，所述轻质基质包含绿肥、蛭石、珍珠岩、草炭灰、锯末的一种或几种，所述植被层选用八宝景天、垂盆草、石竹或佛甲草。
优选的，种植土层由园土、砂砾和绿肥组成时，植被层选用八宝景天或佛甲草。
当种植土层由园土、砂砾和蛭石组成时，植被层选用佛甲草或石竹。
当种植土层由园土、砂砾和珍珠岩组成时，植被层选用佛甲草。
当种植土层由园土、砂砾和草炭灰组成时，植被层选用佛甲草或八宝景天。
当种植土层由园土、砂砾和锯末时，植被层选用石竹、佛甲草或垂盆草。
以上仅为本发明的其中一种实施例，并不能作为对本发明保护范围的限制和约束，如有在此基础上有任何技术手段上无需创造性劳动的等效替换所产生的变动，都应视为落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种轻型屋顶绿化建植方法，在屋顶从上往下分别搭建植被层、种植土层、过滤层、排水层或蓄水层、保护层、耐根穿刺防水层、普通防水层、找平坡层或找坡层、绝热层、结构层，其特征在于，所述种植土层由园土、砂砾和轻质基质组成，所述园土、砂砾、轻质基质的比例为3:2:5，所述轻质基质包含绿肥、蛭石、珍珠岩、草炭灰、锯末的一种或几种，所述植被层选用八宝景天、垂盆草、石竹或佛甲草。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轻型屋顶绿化建植方法，其特征在于，所述种植土层由园土、砂砾和绿肥组成时，所述植被层选用八宝景天或佛甲草。
3.根据权利要求1所述的轻型屋顶绿化建植方法，其特征在于，所述种植土层由园土、砂砾和蛭石组成时，所述植被层选用佛甲草或石竹。
4.根据权利要求1所述的轻型屋顶绿化建植方法，其特征在于，所述种植土层由园土、砂砾和珍珠岩组成时，所述植被层选用佛甲草。
5.根据权利要求1所述的轻型屋顶绿化建植方法，其特征在于，所述种植土层由园土、砂砾和草炭灰组成时，所述植被层选用佛甲草或八宝景天。
6.根据权利要求1所述的轻型屋顶绿化建植方法，其特征在于，所述种植土层由园土、砂砾和锯末时，所述植被层选用石竹、佛甲草或垂盆草。
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