CN112751164A - High-gain antenna oscillator - Google Patents
High-gain antenna oscillator Download PDFInfo
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- CN112751164A CN112751164A CN201911038767.2A CN201911038767A CN112751164A CN 112751164 A CN112751164 A CN 112751164A CN 201911038767 A CN201911038767 A CN 201911038767A CN 112751164 A CN112751164 A CN 112751164A
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
The application relates to a high-gain antenna element, which comprises an antenna radiation unit and a feed end, and further comprises a coplanar waveguide feed unit arranged between the antenna radiation unit and the feed end, wherein the antenna radiation unit comprises four annular conductors with the same size, each annular conductor is provided with an opening, and the coplanar waveguide feed unit is connected with the openings of the four annular conductors. The antenna oscillator is of a coplanar structure, is convenient to process and integrate, can be designed in a common mode, and has the advantages of large bandwidth, small loss and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of communication, in particular to a high-gain antenna element.
Background
The gain of a single antenna element is usually limited, and in order to obtain a high gain, a plurality of antenna elements need to be arranged and fed according to a certain rule to form an array antenna. Taking a classical half-wavelength dipole antenna element 101 with a reflective metal plate 102 as an example, as shown in fig. 1, the antenna element 100 has a total length of λ/2, and is placed at a distance of about λ/4 from the reflective metal plate 102, and the feeding terminal 101 is located at the center of the antenna element 100.
The gain of the antenna element is about 6dB, if a higher gain is to be realized, taking 15dB gain as an example, 8 groups of such antenna elements are required to form an array antenna, as shown in fig. 2, the interval between 8 groups of antenna elements 100 is λ/2, the distance from the transmitting metal plate 102 is λ/4, feeding is performed by dividing 1 path of signal into 8 paths of signals through a power divider 104, and the 8 paths of signals are fed to each antenna element 100 through 8 transmission lines 103 with the same length, thereby realizing in-phase feeding.
The disadvantages of this technique are the following two points:
1. the number of antenna elements is large, 8 groups of antenna elements are needed for 15dB gain to be combined, and 16 groups of antenna elements are needed for realizing 18dB gain to be combined!
2. The feed network is relatively complicated, taking 15dB gain as an example, 1 needs to design a power divider with 8 pulling elements, and 8 coaxial lines or microstrip lines with the same length need to be welded and connected to 8 groups of antenna units respectively, on one hand, the cost is increased, and extra radio frequency loss is also introduced into the secondary power divider and the transmission line!
Disclosure of Invention
The above-mentioned drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art provide a high gain antenna element. The invention particularly provides a high-gain antenna element which comprises an antenna radiation unit, a feed end and a coplanar waveguide feed unit arranged between the antenna radiation unit and the feed end, wherein the antenna radiation unit comprises four annular conductors with the same size, each annular conductor is provided with an opening, and the coplanar waveguide feed unit is connected with the openings of the four annular conductors.
Furthermore, the coplanar waveguide feed unit forms two groups of four annular conductors in parallel, and two annular conductors in each group are connected in series.
Furthermore, the centers of the four annular conductors are symmetrically distributed in two mutually perpendicular axial directions, and the opening direction of each annular conductor faces to the same symmetry axis.
Further, the openings of the annular conductors on two sides of the same symmetry axis are located on a connecting line between the centers of the two.
Further, the four annular conductors are in a circular or regular polygon structure.
Further, the regular polygon has two symmetry axes perpendicular to each other.
Further, each annular conductor has a circumference of 3 λ/4 to 5/4 λ, preferably 1 λ, measured inside the annular conductor, and any two adjacent annular conductors have a center-to-center spacing of λ/2 to 1 λ, preferably 3/4 λ.
The metal reflector is arranged on the back of the radiation unit and the feed unit through a dielectric plate.
Further, the distance between the metal reflecting plate and the radiation unit is lambda/8 to lambda/2, preferably lambda/4.
Furthermore, the coplanar waveguide feed unit is of an I-shaped coplanar waveguide structure, and specifically comprises a first conductor, a second conductor, a third conductor, a fourth conductor, a fifth conductor and a sixth conductor, wherein the first conductor and the third conductor are all of the same strip-shaped structure and are arranged in parallel; the second conductor and the fourth conductor are both flat-bottom U-shaped structures and comprise two parallel third arms and fourth arms and fifth arms, and the two ends of the fifth arms are vertically connected with the third arms and the fourth arms; the second conductor and the fourth conductor are symmetrically arranged in a manner that the fifth arm is adjacent; the third arm and the fourth arm are arranged between the first conductor and the third conductor in parallel; the fifth conductor extends vertically from the center of the first conductor to the third conductor, the sixth conductor extends vertically from the center of the third conductor to the first conductor, and the fifth conductor and the sixth conductor are arranged between the two fifth arms of the second conductor and the fourth conductor in parallel.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, a single antenna element can replace an array antenna consisting of 8 half-wavelength dipole antennas, and the high gain of 15dB is realized. The antenna has the advantages of simple whole, coplanar structure, convenient processing, cost saving and radio frequency loss reduction (the additional power divider and 8 coaxial or microstrip transmission lines are omitted).
The antenna element can be used alone as a 15dB high-gain antenna and can also be used as an antenna element of a higher-gain array antenna. The design complexity of the array antenna is greatly simplified if the antenna element is used as an antenna element of a higher gain array antenna. Taking an array antenna with 18dB gain as an example, if a half-wavelength dipole antenna element is used, 16 such antenna element combinations are required, but if the antenna element of the present invention is used, only two element combinations are required.
The antenna oscillator is of a coplanar structure, is convenient to process and integrate and can be designed in a common mode. In this respect, the microstrip patch antenna element is similar to a microstrip patch antenna element, but has more potential advantages such as wide bandwidth, low loss and the like.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art antenna element;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array formed by prior art antenna elements;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electrical connection of an antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the antenna according to the present invention showing the direction of current flow;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of an antenna according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein a is a front view; b is a side view;
fig. 7 is a simulated S11 frequency curve of the antenna of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a far-field 2D radiation pattern obtained by antenna simulation in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of an antenna according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a simulated S11 frequency curve of an antenna in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a far-field 2D radiation pattern obtained by antenna simulation in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of an antenna according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a simulated S11 frequency curve of an antenna according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a far-field 2D radiation pattern obtained by antenna simulation in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the figure: 100 antenna elements; 101 a feed end; 102 a metal reflector plate; a transmission line 103; a power divider 104; 1 an antenna radiation unit; a coplanar waveguide feed unit 2; a feed end 3; 4,5,6,7 annular conductors; 4.1, 4.2; 5.1, 5.2; 6.1, 6.2; 7.1,7.2 annular conductor termination points; 8 a first conductor; 9 a second conductor; 10 a third conductor; 11 a fourth conductor; 12 a fifth conductor; 13 a sixth conductor; 14 metal reflective plate.
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 3-7, the high gain antenna element of the present invention, antenna radiation element 1, coplanar waveguide feed element 2, and feed terminal 3, wherein:
the antenna radiating element 1, which is the main carrier of the antenna radiation, comprises four equally sized loop conductors, a first loop conductor 4, a second loop conductor 5, a third loop conductor 6 and a fourth loop conductor 7, each having an opening located between the first end point 4.1,5.1,6.1.7.1 and the second end point 4.2,5.2,6.2,7.2 of the four loop conductors. The centers of the four annular conductors 4,5,6,7 are symmetrically distributed in two axial directions perpendicular to each other, namely the first annular conductor 4 and the second annular conductor 5, and the third annular conductor 6 and the fourth annular conductor 7 are symmetrically arranged relative to the first axis; the first and third annular conductors 4, 6, and the second and fourth annular conductors 5, 7 are symmetrically arranged with respect to an axis perpendicular to the first axis. And the opening direction of each annular conductor 4,5,6,7 is towards the same symmetry axis. Preferably, the openings of the loop conductors 4,5 are located on a line connecting the centers of the two and the openings of the loop conductors 6,7 are located on a line connecting the centers of the two. The annular conductors 4,5,6,7 are preferably of circular or regular polygonal configuration, more preferably of regular polygonal shape having two axes of symmetry perpendicular to each other, such as regular hexagon, regular octagon, etc.
And the coplanar waveguide feed unit 2 is connected with the openings of the annular conductors to be used as a signal transmission carrier to provide balanced and in-phase current signals for the four annular conductors in the radiation unit 1. Preferably, the coplanar waveguide feed unit 2 forms four annular conductors into two groups in parallel, and two annular conductors in each group are connected in series.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the coplanar waveguide feed unit 2 has an i-shaped coplanar waveguide structure. It comprises a first conductor 8, a second conductor 9, a third conductor 10, a fourth conductor 11; a fifth conductor 12 and a sixth conductor 13.
The first conductor 8 and the third conductor 10 are both of the same strip-shaped structure and are arranged in parallel.
The second conductor 9 and the fourth conductor 11 are both flat-bottom U-shaped structures, and comprise two parallel third arms and fourth arms and fifth arms, and two ends of the fifth arms are vertically connected with the third arms and the fourth arms. Wherein the second conductor 9 and the fourth conductor 11 are symmetrically arranged with the fifth arm adjacent. The third and fourth arms are arranged in parallel between the first conductor 8 and the third conductor 10.
The fifth conductor 12 extends perpendicularly from the center of the first conductor 8 to the third conductor 10, the sixth conductor 13 extends perpendicularly from the center of the third conductor 10 to the first conductor 8, and the fifth conductor 12 and the sixth conductor 13 are both disposed in parallel between the fifth arms of the second conductor 9 and the fourth conductor 11.
The first conductor 8 is respectively connected with the first endpoint 4.1 of the first annular conductor 4 and the first endpoint 5.1 of the second annular conductor 5; two ends of the second conductor 9 are respectively connected with the second end point 4.2 of the first annular conductor 4 and the first end point 6.1 of the third annular conductor 6; two ends of the third conductor 10 are respectively connected with the second endpoint 6.2 of the third annular conductor 6 and the second endpoint 7.2 of the fourth annular conductor 7; the fourth conductor 11 is connected at both ends to the second end 5.2 of the second annular conductor 5 and the first end 7.1 of the fourth annular conductor 7, respectively.
The fifth conductor 12 has two ends connected to the midpoint of the conductor 8 and one pole of the feeding terminal 3, and the sixth conductor 13 has two ends connected to the midpoint of the conductor 10 and the other pole of the feeding terminal 3.
And the feed end 3 is used for being connected with a coaxial transmission line of the test equipment or the signal transceiver.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, the antenna further includes a metal reflection plate 14 disposed on the back of the radiation unit 1 and the power feed unit 2 with a dielectric plate not shown interposed therebetween. The shielding and reflecting antenna is used for shielding radiation signals on the back of the antenna, so that the antenna can only radiate forward in a single side. Preferably, the distance between the metal reflecting plate and the radiating element is about lambda/8-lambda/2, preferably lambda/4, which is adjusted according to the actual situation.
Preferably, the inner circumference of each annular conductor is 3 λ/4 to 5/4 λ, preferably 1 λ, as the case may be. The center-to-center spacing of any two adjacent annular conductors is between λ/2 and 1 λ, preferably 3/4 λ, as the case may be.
Referring to fig. 5, the antenna current splitting direction of the present invention is shown, wherein the coplanar waveguide structure at the feed unit ensures that in-phase and balanced current signals are output between the four terminals (i.e., output ports). On 4 annular conductors in the radiating unit, the current is approximately in standing wave distribution, the upper and lower points on each annular conductor are current standing wave nodes, the left and right points are current standing wave antinodes, the currents on the left and right sides of a single annular conductor and the left and right sides of the four annular conductors are equal in magnitude and same in direction, and the radiation generated by the antenna in the axial (vertical direction) far field is in the same phase and mutually enhanced, so that high antenna gain is realized. The 8 same-direction currents on the radiation unit shown in fig. 5 intuitively image 8 half-wavelength dipole antenna elements, so that the gain of the antenna is equivalent to the gain of an array antenna consisting of 8 half-wavelength dipole antennas.
The first embodiment is as follows:
fig. 3 to 7 show a high-gain antenna element according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which four loop conductors 4,5,6,7 are implemented as circular loop structures. The basic antenna structure and electrical connections are described in fig. 3 and 4 above, and are not listed here, but only the critical dimension information is stated. As shown in fig. 6, the metal reflection plate 14 is in a disc form (with a radius of 65mm and a thickness of 1mm), the distance between the metal reflection plate and the antenna unit 1 is 11mm, the thickness of each conductor of the antenna unit in the vertical direction is 1mm, the outer diameter of the circular conductor is 11mm, the circular ring is symmetrically arranged and the distance between the centers of the circular ring is 44mm, the widths of all outer edge conductors (the first conductor 8, the second conductor 9, the third conductor 10 and the fourth conductor 11) of the radiation unit 1 and the feed unit 2 are 3mm, the widths of inner edge conductors (the fifth conductor 12 and the sixth conductor 13) of the feed unit 2, which are connected with the feed end, are 2mm, the width of a gap between the third arm and the first conductor 8 and the width of a gap between the fourth arm and the third conductor 10 in the feed unit 2, and the gaps between the fifth conductor 12 and the sixth conductor 13 and the fifth arms on both sides are 1 mm.
As shown in fig. 7, the frequency curve of the reflection loss S11 output for this scheme is simulated, and it can be seen that the bandwidth of this antenna scheme is very wide, and is less than-9 dB between 5GHz and 6GHz, indicating that the antenna impedance mismatch loss is very small.
As shown in fig. 8, the output 2D radiation pattern was simulated for this scheme with a maximum gain of 15.2 dB.
Example two:
fig. 9 shows a high-gain antenna element according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein four loop conductors 4,5,6,7 are in a square loop configuration, and the basic structure and electrical connection relationship of the antenna are described in the foregoing fig. 3 and 4, which are not listed here, but only the critical dimension information is stated. As shown in fig. 9, the metal reflection plate 14 is in a disk form (with a radius of 65mm and a thickness of 1mm), the distance between the metal reflection plate and the antenna unit 1 is 11mm, the thickness of each conductor of the antenna unit in the vertical direction is 1mm, the outer side length of each conductor of the square ring is 20mm, the square ring is symmetrically arranged and has a center-to-center distance of 44mm, all outer edge conductors (the first conductor 8, the second conductor 9, the third conductor 10 and the fourth conductor 11) of the radiation unit 1 and the feed unit 2 are 3mm in width, inner edge conductors (the fifth conductor 12 and the sixth conductor 13) of the feed unit 2 connected with the feed end are 2mm in width, the gap width between the third arm and the first conductor 8 and the gap width between the fourth arm and the third conductor 10 in the feed unit 2 are 2mm, and the gaps between the fifth conductor 12 and the sixth conductor 13 and the fifth arms on both sides are 1 mm.
As shown in fig. 10, the frequency curve of the reflection loss S11 output by the simulation of this scheme shows that the bandwidth of this antenna scheme is very wide, and is less than-8.8 dB between 5GHz and 6GHz, indicating that the antenna impedance mismatch loss is very small.
As shown in fig. 11, the output 2D radiation pattern was simulated for this scheme with a maximum gain of 15.1 dB.
Example three:
fig. 12 shows a high-gain antenna element according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which the four loop conductors 4,5,6,7 are in a diamond-shaped ring structure, and the basic structure and electrical connection relationship of the antenna are described in the foregoing fig. 3 and 4, which are not listed here, but only the critical dimension information is stated. As shown in fig. 12, the metal reflection plate is in a disc form (radius 65mm, thickness 1mm), the distance between the metal reflection plate and the antenna element is 11mm, the thickness of each conductor of the antenna element in the vertical direction is 1mm, the outer side length of each diamond-shaped ring conductor is 19mm ", the diamond-shaped rings are symmetrically arranged and have a center-to-center distance of 44mm, the width of all outer edge conductors (first conductor 8, second conductor 9, third conductor 10 and fourth conductor 11) of the radiation element 1 and the feed element 2 is 3mm, the width of inner edge conductors (fifth conductor 12 and sixth conductor 13) connected with the feed end in the feed element 2 is 2mm, the width of a gap between the third arm and the first conductor 8 and the width of a gap between the fourth arm and the third conductor 10 in the feed element 2 are 2mm, and the gaps between the fifth conductor 12 and the sixth conductor 13 and the fifth arms on both sides are 1 mm.
As shown in fig. 13, the frequency curve of the reflection loss S11 output for this scheme is simulated, and it can be seen that the bandwidth of this antenna scheme is very wide, and is less than-8 dB between 5GHz and 6GHz, indicating that the antenna impedance mismatch loss is very small.
As shown in fig. 14, the output 2D radiation pattern was simulated for this scheme with a maximum gain of 15 dB.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the invention herein disclosed is not limited to the particular combination of features described above, but also encompasses other arrangements formed by any combination of the above features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high gain antenna element, includes antenna radiating element and feed end, its characterized in that: the antenna comprises an antenna radiation unit and a feed end, wherein the antenna radiation unit comprises four annular conductors with the same size, each annular conductor is provided with an opening, and the coplanar waveguide feed unit is connected with the openings of the four annular conductors.
2. A high gain antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: the coplanar waveguide feed unit forms two groups of four annular conductors in parallel, and the two annular conductors in each group are connected in series.
3. A high gain antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: the centers of the four annular conductors are symmetrically distributed in two mutually perpendicular axial directions, and the opening direction of each annular conductor faces to the same symmetric axis.
4. A high gain antenna element according to claim 3, wherein: the openings of the annular conductors on two sides of the same symmetry axis are positioned on a connecting line between the centers of the two.
5. A high gain antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: the four annular conductors are in a circular or regular polygon structure.
6. A high gain antenna element according to claim 5, wherein: the regular polygon has two symmetry axes perpendicular to each other.
7. A high gain antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: the inner circumference of each annular conductor is 3 lambda/4 to 5/4 lambda, preferably 1 lambda, and the center distance between any two adjacent annular conductors is lambda/2 to 1 lambda, preferably 3/4 lambda.
8. A high gain antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: the metal reflecting plates are arranged on the back surfaces of the radiation unit and the feed unit at certain intervals.
9. A high gain antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the metal reflecting plate and the radiation unit is lambda/8-lambda/2, preferably lambda/4.
10. A high gain antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: the coplanar waveguide feed unit is of an I-shaped coplanar waveguide structure and specifically comprises a first conductor, a second conductor, a third conductor, a fourth conductor, a fifth conductor and a sixth conductor, wherein the first conductor and the third conductor are of the same strip-shaped structure and are arranged in parallel; the second conductor and the fourth conductor are both flat-bottom U-shaped structures and comprise two parallel third arms and fourth arms and fifth arms, and the two ends of the fifth arms are vertically connected with the third arms and the fourth arms; the second conductor and the fourth conductor are symmetrically arranged in a manner that the fifth arm is adjacent; the third arm and the fourth arm are arranged between the first conductor and the third conductor in parallel; the fifth conductor extends vertically from the center of the first conductor to the third conductor, the sixth conductor extends vertically from the center of the third conductor to the first conductor, and the fifth conductor and the sixth conductor are arranged between the two fifth arms of the second conductor and the fourth conductor in parallel;
the first conductor is respectively connected with a first end point of the first annular conductor and a first end point of the second annular conductor; the two ends of the second conductor are respectively connected with the second end point of the first annular conductor and the first end point of the third annular conductor; the two ends of the third conductor are respectively connected with the second end point of the third annular conductor and the second end point of the fourth annular conductor; two ends of the fourth conductor are respectively connected with the second end point of the second annular conductor and the first end point of the fourth annular conductor; two ends of the fifth conductor are respectively connected with the midpoint position of the first conductor and one pole of the feed end, and two ends of the sixth conductor are respectively connected with the midpoint position of the third conductor and the other pole of the feed end.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911038767.2A CN112751164A (en) | 2019-10-29 | 2019-10-29 | High-gain antenna oscillator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911038767.2A CN112751164A (en) | 2019-10-29 | 2019-10-29 | High-gain antenna oscillator |
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| CN112751164A true CN112751164A (en) | 2021-05-04 |
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| CN201911038767.2A Pending CN112751164A (en) | 2019-10-29 | 2019-10-29 | High-gain antenna oscillator |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113285227A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-20 | 深圳市国质信网络通讯有限公司 | 5G dual-polarized antenna |
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| US20180034165A1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2018-02-01 | Zimeng LI | Miniaturized dual-polarized base station antenna |
| CN207938802U (en) * | 2018-02-10 | 2018-10-02 | 广东司南通信科技有限公司 | A kind of asymmetry ultra wide band antenna oscillator of base station and antenna |
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| CN101411026A (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2009-04-15 | 株式会社王牌天线 | Dual polarization broadband antenna having with single pattern |
| US20090015496A1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-15 | Duixian Liu | Planar circularly polarized antennas |
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