CN112748156A - Structural apparent crack monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A structure appearance crack monitoring system and a monitoring method belong to the technical field of structure appearance crack monitoring. The invention solves the problems of poor integrity and flexibility and strong artificial subjectivity of a monitoring result of the existing monitoring method. According to the invention, after the conductive monitoring coating is coated on the surface of the engineering structure, the information acquisition module applies voltage on the monitoring coating to calculate and obtain resistance data through a voltage division principle, the analytical storage module is used for processing and analyzing the resistance data, and whether cracks appear on the surface of the engineering structure under the coating is monitored and positioned according to the change of the resistance data. The method can monitor the surface of an abnormal shape or a hidden position, can change the size of a monitoring area according to needs, can position an apparent crack, improves the integrity and flexibility of the monitoring method, and avoids the influence of artificial subjective factors. The invention can effectively solve the problem of monitoring the cracks on the surface of the structure. The invention can be applied to monitoring the apparent cracks of the structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of structure apparent crack monitoring, and particularly relates to a structure apparent crack monitoring system and a monitoring method.
Background
With the acceleration of the economic development and the urbanization process of China, the scale of infrastructure construction is larger and larger. High-strength and high-performance building materials such as concrete and steel have been used in various engineering constructions. However, for various reasons, the surface of concrete and steel structures can develop apparent cracks and affect their durability and aesthetics. A large number of experiments have shown that cracks in concrete structures are unavoidable, while cracks in steel structures also occur in welds or stress concentration sites. If the cracks are not maintained and treated in time after being generated, the structural stability of the building is affected and even safety accidents occur. Apparent crack monitoring for various engineered structures is essential. At the present stage, the following methods for monitoring apparent cracks are mainly adopted:
(1) manual monitoring: the method can observe weak parts in the engineering structure at fixed points by manually observing the apparent cracks of the engineering structure, but has the problems of time consumption, labor consumption, strong subjectivity of measurement results and the like.
(2) Image recognition: the digital image is shot on the surface of the engineering structure by using the camera, and the image is processed by using a crack recognition algorithm based on digital image processing, so that the purpose of monitoring the surface crack is achieved. The method can identify the apparent cracks accurately in real time. But the camera is difficult to shoot comparatively hidden position in the engineering structure, leads to the wholeness of monitoring not strong.
(3) Monitoring by an alert network: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a special metal wire into a net structure, attaching the net structure to the surface of an engineering structure, and applying current to the metal wire to judge whether cracks are generated on the surface of the structure. The method can effectively observe the surface cracks of the engineering structure in real time and position the cracks. However, smart nets are usually prefabricated in size, and cannot be changed in size at will along with the area size of an observation region, so that monitoring flexibility is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a structural appearance crack monitoring system and a monitoring method for solving the problems of poor integrity and flexibility and strong artificial subjectivity of a monitoring result of the existing monitoring method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
based on one aspect of the invention, a structural appearance crack monitoring system comprises a monitoring coating, an information acquisition module and an analysis storage module, wherein:
the monitoring coating is used for coating on the surface of the structure;
the information acquisition module comprises a resistance acquisition submodule, a temperature acquisition submodule, a microprocessor, an offline storage submodule and a remote data transmission submodule;
the resistance acquisition submodule is used for acquiring the resistance value of the monitoring coating; the temperature acquisition submodule is used for acquiring a temperature value of the surface of the structure;
the microprocessor is used for controlling the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to work and sending data acquired by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to the offline storage submodule and the remote data transmission submodule;
the off-line storage submodule is used for storing the data obtained by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule according to the receiving time sequence of the data;
the remote data transmission submodule is used for periodically uploading data acquired by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to the analysis storage module;
and the analysis storage module is used for processing and analyzing data acquired by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to acquire structural apparent crack information.
Based on another aspect of the invention, a monitoring method of a structural appearance fracture monitoring system is specifically realized by the following steps:
coating a monitoring coating on the surface of the structure, and controlling the resistance acquisition submodule by the microprocessor at intervals of t0Detecting the resistance value of the monitoring coating once; and when detecting the resistance value, the microprocessor controls the temperature acquisition submodule to acquire the temperature of the surface of the structure;
the microprocessor sends the detected resistance value and the acquired temperature value to the offline storage submodule and the remote data transmission submodule, the offline storage submodule stores the detected resistance value and the acquired temperature value data according to the receiving time sequence of the data, and the remote data transmission submodule transmits the detected resistance value and the acquired temperature value to the analysis storage module;
the analysis storage module corrects the detected resistance value by using the acquired temperature value to obtain a corrected resistance value;
and comprehensively analyzing the corrected resistance value and historical data, judging that the cracks on the surface of the structure below the monitoring coating are developing if the corrected resistance value is increased along with the change of time, judging that the apparent cracks appear on the surface of the structure below the monitoring coating if the corrected resistance value is greater than a set threshold value, and storing the corrected data and the judgment result by an analysis storage module after the judgment is finished.
Further, the first technical solution for applying the monitoring coating on the structure surface is as follows:
and 3, coating a layer of insulating coating on the prefabricated conductive coating again to finish the coating of the monitoring coating on the surface of the structure.
Further, the second technical scheme for coating the monitoring coating on the structure surface is as follows:
coating an insulating coating on the surface of a structure needing crack monitoring;
secondly, attaching a prefabricated flexible line-shaped plate on the insulating coating, wherein a prefabricated hole is formed in the flexible line-shaped plate, and after a layer of conductive coating is coated on the prefabricated hole, the flexible line-shaped plate is removed to form a prefabricated conductive coating;
step three, coating a layer of insulating coating on the prefabricated conductive coating;
and step four, repeating the step two and the step three on the insulating coating coated in the step three to finish the coating of the monitoring coating on the surface of the structure.
Further, the preformed shaped holes comprise a plurality of S-shaped holes and a linear hole; the linear holes connect the head parts of the S-shaped holes; external copper foils are arranged at the tail parts of the S-shaped holes and one end of the linear hole;
coating a layer of conductive coating on the plurality of S-shaped holes to form S-shaped conductive coating lines; coating a layer of conductive coating on the linear holes to form an S-shaped conductive coating bus; after the flexible wire template is removed, the S-shaped conductive coating wire and the S-shaped conductive coating bus form an S-shaped conductive coating.
Further, the microprocessor controls the resistance acquisition submodule to acquire the resistance at intervals t0The resistance value of the coating is monitored once by time detection, and the resistance value is specifically as follows:
applying a voltage V to a conductive coating line in the monitoring coating and a voltage dividing resistor R connected in series with the conductive coating line through a leadccAnd detecting the voltage value V divided by the conductive coating line0The resistance value R of the monitoring coating is obtained by calculating according to the partial pressure principle0I.e. R0＝V0·R/(Vcc-V0)。
Furthermore, the analysis storage module corrects the detected resistance value by using the collected temperature value to obtain a corrected resistance value, and the specific process is as follows:
R1＝R0+f(t)
wherein R is1F (t) is a temperature correction function, and t is a current temperature value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a structure appearance crack monitoring system and a monitoring method. The method can monitor the surface of an abnormal shape or a hidden position (such as a U-shaped beam, a welding seam of a steel structure, a concrete structure joint and the like), can change the size of a monitoring area according to needs, can position an apparent crack, improves the integrity and flexibility of the monitoring method, and avoids the influence of artificial subjective factors. The invention can effectively solve the problem of monitoring the cracks on the surface of the structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block connection diagram;
FIG. 2 is a one-dimensional monitoring coating structure view;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a one-dimensional monitoring coating;
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional monitoring coating structure view;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a two-dimensional monitoring coating;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a monitoring method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an S-shaped conductive coating;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an S-shaped conductive coating line;
in the figure, 1, an insulating coating; 2. an S-shaped conductive coating; 3. externally connecting a copper foil; 4. an S-shaped conductive coating bus; 5. and S-shaped conductive coating lines.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1. The structural appearance crack monitoring system of the embodiment comprises a monitoring coating, an information acquisition module and an analysis storage module, wherein:
the monitoring coating is used for coating on the surface of the structure;
the information acquisition module comprises a resistance acquisition submodule, a temperature acquisition submodule, a microprocessor, an offline storage submodule and a remote data transmission submodule;
the resistance acquisition submodule is used for acquiring the resistance value of the monitoring coating; the temperature acquisition submodule is used for acquiring a temperature value (centigrade temperature) of the surface of the structure;
the microprocessor is used for controlling the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to work and sending data acquired by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to the offline storage submodule and the remote data transmission submodule;
the off-line storage submodule is used for storing the data obtained by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule according to the receiving time sequence of the data;
and when necessary (for example, when the remote data transmission sub-module cannot work), the data is transmitted to the crack analysis storage module in a wired connection mode;
the remote data transmission submodule is used for periodically uploading data acquired by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to the analysis storage module;
the analysis storage module is used for processing and analyzing data acquired by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to acquire structural apparent crack information and storing historical analysis data.
The monitoring coating comprises an insulating coating 1 and an S-shaped conductive coating 2, wherein the S-shaped conductive coating 2 is arranged between the two insulating coatings 1, the S-shaped conductive coating 2 is composed of an S-shaped conductive coating bus 4 and a plurality of S-shaped conductive coating lines 5, the S-shaped conductive coating bus 4 connects the heads of the S-shaped conductive coating lines 5, and an external copper foil 3 is arranged at the tail of each S-shaped conductive coating line 5 and one end of each S-shaped conductive coating bus 4.
The second embodiment is as follows: this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 6. The monitoring method of the structure apparent crack monitoring system is implemented based on the first specific embodiment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
coating a monitoring coating on the surface of the structure, and controlling the resistance acquisition submodule by the microprocessor at intervals of t0Detecting the resistance value of the monitoring coating once; and when detecting the resistance value, the microprocessor controls the temperature acquisition submodule to acquire the temperature of the surface of the structure;
the microprocessor sends the detected resistance value and the acquired temperature value to the offline storage submodule and the remote data transmission submodule, the offline storage submodule stores the detected resistance value and the acquired temperature value data according to the receiving time sequence of the data, and the remote data transmission submodule transmits the detected resistance value and the acquired temperature value to the analysis storage module;
the analysis storage module processes the detected resistance value and the collected temperature value, and corrects the detected resistance value by using the collected temperature value to obtain a corrected resistance value;
and comprehensively analyzing the corrected resistance value and historical data, judging that the surface crack of the structure below the monitoring coating is developing if the corrected resistance value is increased along with the change of time (along with the time), judging that the surface crack of the structure below the monitoring coating appears if the corrected resistance value is greater than a set threshold (the threshold can be obtained according to the actual monitoring effect), and storing the corrected data and the judgment result by an analysis storage module after the judgment is finished.
The invention has explained the detailed construction method to monitor the coating, raw materials required for this method are mainly insulating paint, conductive paint, copper foil, etc., its raw materials are easy to get, the cost is lower, adopt the construction mode of coating on the prefabricated wire-type board to have low technical requirements for operating personnel;
the invention adopts a method for detecting the resistance value to monitor the surface crack of the structure, and the reaction speed is high. And can realize real-time and all-weather monitoring. Because the method for correcting the resistance value by temperature and the insulating coating are adopted, the influence degree of environmental conditions on the monitoring result of the system is lower, and the purpose of monitoring the apparent crack can be achieved under the severe weather condition.
The third concrete implementation mode: this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 2, 3, 7, and 8. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the specific process of applying the monitoring coating on the structure surface is as follows:
and 3, coating an insulating coating on the prefabricated conductive coating again, covering the prefabricated conductive coating completely, and heating the coating by using a hot air gun to quickly dry the coating to finish the coating of the monitoring coating on the surface of the structure.
The method can be used for monitoring and positioning the apparent cracks of the 1-dimensional structure.
In the layout scheme of the monitoring coating of the embodiment, a square one-dimensional monitoring coating is finally formed by one layer of the S-shaped conductive coating as shown in fig. 3. The method aims to monitor the structural surface capable of predicting the crack development direction, such as a welding seam of a steel structure, a joint of a concrete structure and the like.
In the arrangement scheme of the monitoring coating in the embodiment, the insulating coatings are coated before and after the S-shaped conductive coating, so that the conductive coating is isolated, and the influence on the monitoring result caused by the interference of the external environment on the electrical characteristics of the conductive coating is prevented. The number of the S-shaped conductive coating lines in the S-shaped conductive coating layer depends on the size of the detected area, and the number of the S-shaped conductive lines can be increased or decreased according to needs.
After the monitoring coating is laid, the external copper foil 3 of the S-shaped conductive coating bus 4 and the external copper foil 3 of the S-shaped conductive coating are respectively connected with a detection interface of a resistance acquisition submodule in the information acquisition module by using a lead, the lead is fixed on the surface of the structure, the information acquisition module transmits data to the analysis storage module by using a remote transmission submodule, and the connection schematic diagram of each part is shown in figure 1.
In the working process of the monitoring system, when a crack occurs at a certain position on the surface of the structure, a tearing effect is generated on the S-shaped conductive coating line coated on the area, so that the resistance value of the S-shaped conductive coating line is increased, and if the crack develops to be large, the S-shaped conductive coating line is torn off, so that the observed resistance value tends to infinity. The method can be used for positioning and monitoring the crack position according to the position of the S-shaped conductive coating line with abnormal resistance value.
The invention adopts the mode of coating the monitoring coating on the surface of the structure to monitor the cracks on the surface of the structure, not only can monitor plane structures such as pavements, wall surfaces, bridge floors and the like, but also can monitor non-plane structures such as U-shaped beams, welding seams of steel structures, joints of concrete structures and the like, can increase and decrease the number of the S-shaped conductive coating lines as required so as to change the size of a monitoring area, and has certain universality.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 4, 5, 7, and 8. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the specific process of applying the monitoring coating on the structure surface is as follows:
step one, coating a layer of insulating coating 1 (which can be insulating paint) on the surface of a structure needing crack monitoring, and heating the coating by using a hot air gun to quickly dry the coating;
secondly, attaching a prefabricated flexible line-shaped plate (which can be made of a flexible PVC plate) on the dried insulating coating, wherein a prefabricated hole is formed in the flexible line-shaped plate, and removing the flexible line-shaped plate after coating a conductive coating on the prefabricated hole to form a prefabricated conductive coating;
step three, coating a layer of insulating coating on the prefabricated conductive coating;
and step four, repeating the step two and the step three on the insulating coating coated in the step three to finish the coating of the monitoring coating on the surface of the structure.
In the layout scheme of the monitoring coating of the embodiment, two S-shaped conductive coatings finally form a two-dimensional monitoring coating as shown in fig. 5. The method aims to monitor the structural surfaces of unpredictable crack development directions, such as pavements, walls, bridge decks and the like.
The method can be used for monitoring and positioning the apparent cracks of the 2-dimensional structure.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the third or fourth embodiment in that: the prefabricated holes comprise a plurality of S-shaped holes and a linear hole; the linear holes connect the head parts of the S-shaped holes; and external copper foils 3 are arranged at the tails of the S-shaped holes and one ends of the linear holes.
Coating a conductive coating (which can be conductive paint) on the plurality of S-shaped holes to form an S-shaped conductive coating line 5; coating a layer of conductive coating on the linear holes to form an S-shaped conductive coating bus 4; care must be taken that all S-shaped holes are covered by the conductive coating and that the copper foil is partly covered by the conductive coating and partly outside the coating in order to connect the wires. After the flexible wire-shaped plate is removed, the coating is heated by using a hot air gun and is quickly dried, and the S-shaped conductive coating 2 is formed by the S-shaped conductive coating lines 5 and the S-shaped conductive coating bus 4.
And in the fourth step, when the process of the second step is repeated, the direction of the S-shaped conductive coating is vertical to the direction of the S-shaped conductive coating in the second step.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the fifth embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in that: the microprocessor controls the resistance acquisition submodule to acquire each interval t0The resistance value of the coating is monitored once by time detection, and the resistance value is specifically as follows:
applying a voltage V to a conductive coating line in the monitoring coating and a voltage dividing resistor R connected in series with the conductive coating line through a leadccAnd detecting the voltage value V divided by the conductive coating line0The resistance value R of the monitoring coating is obtained by calculating according to the partial pressure principle0I.e. R0＝V0·R/(Vcc-V0)。
At the same time, the resistance values detected by the resistance acquisition sub-modules are respectively R0 1、R0 2、R0 3.., size, (R)0The numbers marked represent the marks of different S-shaped conductive coating lines), the analysis storage module corrects the resistance value by using the temperature value to obtain the corrected resistance value R1 1、R1 2、R1 3...,. By monitoring R1 1、R1 2、R1 3.., to obtain the resistance change on each S-shaped conductive coating line, so as to monitor and locate the crack on each position of the structure surface.
The seventh embodiment: the sixth embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that: the analysis storage module utilizes the acquired temperature value to correct the detected resistance value to obtain a corrected resistance value, and the specific process is as follows:
R1＝R0+f(t)
wherein R is1For the corrected resistance value, f (t) is a temperature correction function, f(t) can be obtained through experiments, and t is the current temperature value.
The above-described calculation examples of the present invention are merely to explain the calculation model and the calculation flow of the present invention in detail, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications of the present invention can be made based on the above description, and it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and all such modifications and variations are possible and contemplated as falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A structural appearance fracture monitoring system, the system comprising a monitoring coating, an information acquisition module, and an analytical storage module, wherein:
the monitoring coating is used for coating on the surface of the structure;
the information acquisition module comprises a resistance acquisition submodule, a temperature acquisition submodule, a microprocessor, an offline storage submodule and a remote data transmission submodule;
the resistance acquisition submodule is used for acquiring the resistance value of the monitoring coating; the temperature acquisition submodule is used for acquiring a temperature value of the surface of the structure;
the microprocessor is used for controlling the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to work and sending data acquired by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to the offline storage submodule and the remote data transmission submodule;
the off-line storage submodule is used for storing the data obtained by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule according to the receiving time sequence of the data;
the remote data transmission submodule is used for periodically uploading data acquired by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to the analysis storage module;
and the analysis storage module is used for processing and analyzing data acquired by the resistance acquisition submodule and the temperature acquisition submodule to acquire structural apparent crack information.
2. The monitoring method of the structural appearance fracture monitoring system is characterized by being specifically realized through the following steps:
coating a monitoring coating on the surface of the structure, and controlling the resistance acquisition submodule by the microprocessor at intervals of t0Detecting the resistance value of the monitoring coating once; and when detecting the resistance value, the microprocessor controls the temperature acquisition submodule to acquire the temperature of the surface of the structure;
the microprocessor sends the detected resistance value and the acquired temperature value to the offline storage submodule and the remote data transmission submodule, the offline storage submodule stores the detected resistance value and the acquired temperature value data according to the receiving time sequence of the data, and the remote data transmission submodule transmits the detected resistance value and the acquired temperature value to the analysis storage module;
the analysis storage module corrects the detected resistance value by using the acquired temperature value to obtain a corrected resistance value;
and comprehensively analyzing the corrected resistance value and historical data, judging that the cracks on the surface of the structure below the monitoring coating are developing if the corrected resistance value is increased along with the change of time, judging that the apparent cracks appear on the surface of the structure below the monitoring coating if the corrected resistance value is greater than a set threshold value, and storing the corrected data and the judgment result by an analysis storage module after the judgment is finished.
3. The method for monitoring the structural appearance crack monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the specific process of applying the monitoring coating on the structural surface is as follows:
step 1, coating an insulating coating on the surface of a structure needing crack monitoring;
step 2, attaching a prefabricated flexible line-shaped plate on the insulating coating, wherein a prefabricated hole is formed in the flexible line-shaped plate, and after a layer of conductive coating is coated on the prefabricated hole, the flexible line-shaped plate is removed to form a prefabricated conductive coating;
and 3, coating a layer of insulating coating on the prefabricated conductive coating again to finish the coating of the monitoring coating on the surface of the structure.
4. The method for monitoring the structural appearance crack monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the specific process of applying the monitoring coating on the structural surface is as follows:
coating an insulating coating on the surface of a structure needing crack monitoring;
secondly, attaching a prefabricated flexible line-shaped plate on the insulating coating, wherein a prefabricated hole is formed in the flexible line-shaped plate, and after a layer of conductive coating is coated on the prefabricated hole, the flexible line-shaped plate is removed to form a prefabricated conductive coating;
step three, coating a layer of insulating coating on the prefabricated conductive coating;
and step four, repeating the step two and the step three on the insulating coating coated in the step three to finish the coating of the monitoring coating on the surface of the structure.
5. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the pre-formed shaped holes comprise a plurality of S-shaped holes and a straight hole; the linear holes connect the head parts of the S-shaped holes; external copper foils are arranged at the tail parts of the S-shaped holes and one end of the linear hole;
coating a layer of conductive coating on the plurality of S-shaped holes to form S-shaped conductive coating lines; coating a layer of conductive coating on the linear holes to form an S-shaped conductive coating bus; after the flexible wire template is removed, the S-shaped conductive coating wire and the S-shaped conductive coating bus form an S-shaped conductive coating.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the microprocessor controls the resistance acquisition submodule to monitor the structural appearance crack monitoring system at intervals of t0The resistance value of the coating is monitored once by time detection, and the resistance value is specifically as follows:
applying voltage to the conductive coating line and the voltage dividing resistor R connected in series with the conductive coating line in the monitoring coating layer through the conducting wireVccAnd detecting the voltage value V divided by the conductive coating line0The resistance value R of the monitoring coating is obtained by calculating according to the partial pressure principle0I.e. R0＝V0·R/(Vcc-V0)。
7. The monitoring method of the structural appearance crack monitoring system according to claim 6, wherein the analysis and storage module corrects the detected resistance value by using the collected temperature value to obtain a corrected resistance value, and the specific process is as follows:
R1＝R0+f(t)
wherein R is1F (t) is a temperature correction function, and t is a current temperature value.
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