CN112745904B - Device and method for removing suspended matters and deeply dewatering oil - Google Patents
Device and method for removing suspended matters and deeply dewatering oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112745904B CN112745904B CN201911048918.2A CN201911048918A CN112745904B CN 112745904 B CN112745904 B CN 112745904B CN 201911048918 A CN201911048918 A CN 201911048918A CN 112745904 B CN112745904 B CN 112745904B
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G53/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes
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Abstract
The utility model provides a device and method that oil takes off suspended solid and degree of depth dehydration, is including taking off suspended solid system and oil-water separation system, takes off the suspended solid system and includes a horizontal reactor, sets up gas distribution device in it, homogeneity storehouse and the suspension district that takes off that loads adsorption filler, utilizes the air supporting most suspended solid desorption to realize the primary separation of aqueous phase and oil phase, oil-water separation system includes adjacent aqueous phase deoiling district and oil phase deoiling district, loads corresponding filler respectively, realizes the degree of depth separation of profit. In the device and the method, before the suspended matters are removed, the suspended matters are homogenized, large suspended matters are treated into suspended matters with smaller sizes, and then the suspended matters are removed by using the adsorption filler, so that the problems of low production efficiency, easiness in filler blockage and the like in the subsequent deep dehydration process are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petrochemical industry, and particularly relates to a device and a method for removing suspended matters and deeply dewatering oil products.
Background
The electric desalting and dewatering are the first and very important steps before crude oil enters a field for processing, and because salt is dissolved in water, the oil-water separation effect has important significance for the subsequent processing of a refinery. In recent years, with the trend of crude oil deterioration and heaviness enhancement, crude oil, secondary processing heavy oil and dirty oil all contain a certain amount of colloid suspended matters, and no facilities for removing suspended matters from crude oil exist in the prior art, and the existence of suspended matters has great influence on the dehydration and desalination process of crude oil and subsequent processing devices, mainly as follows: (1) the colloidal suspended substance in the crude oil is suspended in the oil product in a flaky or flocculent way, so that the flowing equipment and pipelines are easily blocked; (2) the colloid suspended matters are not easy to be polarized in the traditional electric desalting process, so that deep oil-water separation is difficult to realize, the oil-water separation is incomplete, and the two phases are seriously carried with each other; (3) the removal of these colloidal suspensions, which results from the rapid clogging of the filter by conventional filtration methods, does not allow long-term operation. In summary, due to the presence of colloidal suspensions, whether they are in the oil or in the sewage, they have a number of adverse effects that require the development of suitable methods for their removal depending on the crude oil processing scheme.
In the prior art, the crude oil electric desalting and dewatering method is not provided with a process and equipment for removing colloid suspended matters, and crude oil electric desalting and dewatering equipment also has no function of removing suspended matters, so that the following problems exist: (1) colloid suspended matters in the crude oil electric desalting and dewatering process are in a suspended state, cannot be removed by settling separation, and meanwhile, the suspended matters cannot be polarized by an electric field to influence the desalting effect and also are the main reasons for causing the salt content index in the desalted crude oil to be unqualified; (2) the colloid suspended substance is an oil substance with light density but is insoluble in water, so that the oil-water separation effect is influenced in the oil-water separation process, the oil-water two phases are very seriously carried with each other, and the water content in an oil product is higher; (3) the material containing suspended matters is directly subjected to oil-water separation, and can block the existing oil-water separation equipment and the filler. Therefore, if the desalting and dewatering of heavy oil, i.e. the oil-water separation, are to achieve a good effect, new processes and supporting equipment need to be developed, the problems of poor desalting effect, serious oil-water two-phase entrainment and the like in the desalting and dewatering process of the oil product can be solved by effectively removing suspended matters in the oil product and then carrying out deep dewatering.
CN 109453561A proposes a method for removing suspended matters in grease, which is a method for removing suspended matters in grease and comprises the steps of carrying out primary filtration on primary oil to obtain primary filtered oil; then, carrying out secondary filtration on the primary filtered oil to obtain secondary filtered oil; filtering the second filtered oil for the third time to obtain third filtered oil; performing fourth filtration on the third filtered oil by using a bag filter; in conclusion, the method of multi-stage filtration is adopted to remove suspended matters in the grease. The method has the problems that the filtering equipment is rapidly blocked and cannot be operated for a long period.
CN 109758828A proposes a sewage suspended matter settling device, which comprises a shell; an annular cap is arranged in the shell, a coagulation cavity with a downward opening is arranged in the middle of the annular cap, and an annular flocculation cavity is arranged at the upper end of the annular cap; a first stirring plate is arranged in the coagulation cavity, the upper end of the first stirring plate is fixedly connected with a first liquid outlet pipe, and a water outlet head is arranged in the coagulation cavity; a second liquid outlet pipe is circumferentially distributed in the flocculation cavity, and the lower end of the second liquid outlet pipe is fixedly connected with a second stirring plate; the flocculation cavity is an annular cavity, and sludge settling cylinders which are distributed circumferentially are arranged in the flocculation cavity. The invention improves the settling efficiency of suspended matters by mixing the coagulant and the flocculant, and is also a traditional suspended matter settling method which is difficult to settle and remove suspended matters floating in a water phase.
CN201280072453.4 proposes a filter device and a method for filtering suspensions, wherein the filter device has a pack of at least one recess plate and adjacent recess plates, said pack being between a fixed head piece and a movable end piece, the filter device having a suspension pipe for piping a first flow of suspension from the head piece into the pack, said suspension pipe extending through said pack to the end piece, wherein the filter device has a supply pipe for conveying a second flow pipe of the suspension into the suspension pipe, said connection supply pipe being connected to the end piece, wherein a filter cavity is formed between the recess plate and the adjacent recess plate, the recess plate and/or the adjacent recess plate having a recess, wherein the recess plate has a suspension conduit for conveying the suspension from the suspension pipe to the filter chamber, the filter device having at least one filter cloth for filtering solid components from the suspension. The principle of the method is that the suspended matters are filtered by adopting the principle of the filter cloth, and the problems that the filter cloth is easy to block and cannot be used for a long time still exist.
CN204447409U provides an oil-water separator in a reinforced cold low-pressure separator and a coupling desalting professional, which comprises a shell, an oil-water-gas inlet arranged on the shell, a water injection device and a T-shaped liquid-gas separator or a cyclone degasser which are respectively connected with the oil-water-gas inlet, and a secondary water injector, a rectification distributor, an oil-water coarse granulation module, a CPI rapid separation module, an oil-water interface controller, a partition plate, a liquid level controller and an oil phase outlet positioned at the tail part of the shell which are sequentially arranged in the shell; the gas knockout device is arranged at the bottom of the shell, and the top of the shell is provided with a gas phase outlet; the bottom of the shell is also provided with a water phase outlet. The utility model discloses a function that removes salt in the oil can also be realized to the time of cold low pressure separator water oil separating performance can be reinforceed. The method mainly separates oil, water and gas, removes salt dissolved in water by oil-water separation, and cannot treat materials containing a small amount of suspended matters.
CN101972559A proposes an oil-water separation device and an oil-water separation method, the device comprises a cyclone with a U-shaped bottom flow pipe and a horizontal coalescent oil-water separator with the function of uniformly distributing liquid. An inlet liquid distributor, a rectifying sieve plate, a stainless steel corrugated filler fixed by a limit grid plate, a polypropylene wire mesh corrugated filler, an outlet collector and the like are sequentially arranged in the horizontal coalescent oil-water separator. The bottom flow pipe of the cyclone and the filter screen arranged in the bottom flow pipe can filter a small amount of solid impurities contained in liquid so as to avoid blocking coalescing filler, the inlet liquid distributor and the outlet liquid collector ensure that the liquid is uniformly distributed, the rectifying sieve plate ensures that the flow velocity of the liquid is reduced to be laminar flow, the stainless steel plate corrugated filler provides a place for coalescing and separating oil drops, and the polypropylene wire mesh corrugated filler with the air floatation device can further coalesce and separate the residual fine oil drops. The purpose of this patent is to achieve deep separation of oil and water, but without the function of removing suspended matter, if the feed contains suspended matter, it will also cause blockage in the packing.
In conclusion, the device and the method for removing the suspended matters in the crude oil, which have the advantages of simple flow, good effect and high efficiency, and the device and the method for deeply separating the oil from the water of the material containing a small amount of suspended matters, are developed, so that the problems of complex suspended matter removing flow and low removing efficiency can be solved, the problems that the material containing a small amount of suspended matters cannot be treated in the oil-water separation process, the filler is easy to block, the oil-water two phases are seriously entrained mutually and the like are solved, and the device and the method have important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of lack of a device and a method capable of efficiently removing suspended matters in oil products and lack of a device and a method capable of deeply separating oil and water from a material containing a small amount of suspended matters in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method capable of efficiently removing suspended matters in oil products and deeply separating oil and water from a material containing a small amount of suspended matters, which can solve the problems of complex flow, low efficiency, easy blockage of filtering facilities or fillers and the like of conventional suspended matter equipment on one hand and solve the problem that the material containing a small amount of suspended matters cannot be treated in the conventional oil-water separation process on the other hand, the problems of blockage of the oil-water separation filler, incomplete oil-water separation and the like are solved, the process flow of the suspended matter removing process is simplified, the production efficiency is improved, the raw material with a small amount of suspended matters can be deeply treated in the oil-water separation process, and the operation period of the device is greatly prolonged.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a device for removing suspended matters from oil products and deeply dewatering the oil products, which comprises a suspended matter removing system and an oil-water separation system, wherein the suspended matter removing system comprises a horizontal reactor, the bottom of the horizontal reactor is provided with a gas distribution device, the middle of the reactor is provided with a homogenizing bin, the homogenizing bin is a space formed by two porous partition plates, the space in the horizontal reactor is transversely divided into three parts by the partition plates, the upper part of the homogenizing bin is a suspended matter removing area, and adsorption fillers are filled in the homogenizing bin; the top of the horizontal reactor is provided with a gas outlet, one side of the homogenizing bin is connected with a feed inlet I, a discharge outlet I and a discharge outlet II are arranged on the other side opposite to the feed inlet I, the discharge outlet I is arranged on the side surface of the suspension removing area on the upper part of the horizontal reactor, and the discharge outlet II is arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the horizontal reactor; the discharge port I is connected with a feed port III of a water phase oil removing area of the oil-water separation system, and the discharge port II is connected with a feed port IV of an oil phase water removing area of the oil-water separation system; the oil-water separation system is a horizontal reactor, an adjacent water phase oil removal area and an oil phase water removal area are arranged in the horizontal reactor, a fiber filler layer for removing the oil phase from the water phase in a coalescence mode is filled in the water phase oil removal area, a fiber filler layer for removing the water phase from the oil phase in a coalescence mode is filled in the oil phase water removal area, and the two filler layers are communicated with each other; the feed inlet III is arranged on the outer side of the water phase deoiling area along the horizontal direction, and the middle of the top of the horizontal reactor is provided with a discharge outlet III; the feed inlet IV is arranged on the outer side of the oil phase dewatering area along the horizontal direction, and the middle of the bottom of the horizontal reactor is provided with a discharge outlet IV.
Furthermore, the gas distribution device is a micro-bubble generator, the micro-bubble generator is a device capable of dispersing gas into small-size bubbles, or can be called as a micro-pore bubble generator, a membrane tube micro-disperser, an ultra-micro-bubble generator and the like, bubbles with the size of 50 nm-1000 microns, preferably 5 microns-100 microns can be formed, and equipment capable of realizing the functions can be used for the invention, has the function of pushing and accelerating the floating of suspended matters in feeding, and is mainly realized by adopting a pressurized dissolved air flotation method.
Further, the homogenizing chamber is a region where the feed material can be homogenized, the homogenizing treatment can be realized by various methods, and the homogenizing chamber can be any one or combination of an ultrasonic reactor, a microwave oscillation reactor, a mechanical stirrer, a magnetic stirrer and the like.
Further, the homogenizing chamber is preferably an ultrasonic reactor because ultrasonic waves have better conductivity in oil and water; the ultrasonic wave generating frequency is generally 20 KHz-100 KHz, and the power density is generally more than or equal to 0.3w/cm2(power density = transmission power (W)/transmission area (cm)2) The signal can be a sinusoidal signal or a pulse signal.
Furthermore, a gas outlet at the top of the horizontal reactor is connected with a gas distribution device through a supercharger, so that the gas is recycled.
Further, the booster is selected from one or more of a combination of a compressor, a dissolved air pump and a high pressure jet pump.
Furthermore, the adsorption filler filled in the suspension removal area is low-density air flotation filler with the filler density of 50kg/m3～900kg/m3Preferably 300kg/m3～600kg/m3(ii) a The filler is made of oleophylic materials or modified oleophylic materials, and is selected from at least one of polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylic acid and nylon, or is selected from materials of which the surfaces are subjected to oleophylic treatment; the packing may be of any shape, such as macroporous honeycomb packing, macroporous wire mesh packing, hollow packing, woven packing and corrugated tooth angleAny type of filler.
Further, the adsorption filler is in a non-fixed filling state in the suspension removal area; the porosity of the filler is 30% to 95%, preferably 50% to 80%.
Furthermore, the fiber packing layer in the water phase oil removing area is filled out in disorder, so that the packing layer is prevented from being blocked by a small amount of suspended matters carried in the water phase; the filler can be in any shape, such as a long strip, a square, a cylinder, a polygon or other regular or irregular shapes; the fiber filler is woven by fiber yarns, and the pore diameter of the fiber yarns is larger than the diameter of suspended matters carried in liquid entering the water phase oil removal area, so that the fiber filler is prevented from being blocked by the suspended matters; the fiber yarn is a composite fiber yarn formed by weaving oleophylic hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic oleophobic fibers together, wherein the mass ratio of the hydrophilic oleophobic fibers to the oleophylic hydrophobic fibers is 1: 1.1-1: 10, and preferably 1: 2-1: 5;
furthermore, the fiber filler layer in the oil phase dewatering area is filled in a multi-layer overlapping mode for the fiber layer, and the interior of the filler layer is required to be compacted without obvious gaps; the fiber filler is also woven by fiber yarns, the fiber yarns are composite fiber yarns formed by weaving oleophylic hydrophobic fiber yarns and hydrophilic oleophobic fibers together, and the weaving ratio of the hydrophilic oleophobic fibers to the oleophylic hydrophobic fibers is 1.1: 1-10: 1, preferably 2: 1-5: 1.
Further, the oleophylic and hydrophobic fiber is selected from at least one of polyester fiber, nylon fiber, polyurethane fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber and polyvinyl chloride fiber, and the hydrophilic and oleophobic fiber is selected from natural high molecular polymer with carboxyl, amino or hydroxyl on the main chain or side chain, such as polypropylene fiber, or from material with surface treated by hydrophilic and oleophobic treatment; the surface of each fiber layer is provided with a concave-convex structure, and the concave-convex structure can be any one of an X-shaped structure, a V-shaped structure, an 8-shaped structure, an omega-shaped structure, a drop-shaped structure or a rhombic structure.
Furthermore, one side of the water phase oil removing area and one side of the oil phase water removing area, which are close to the feed inlet III and the feed inlet IV, are respectively provided with a material uniform distributor I and a material uniform distributor II, so that the design of uniform distribution of materials in the prior art is realized, good initial distribution of the materials can enable the circulation capacity and the retention time of the coalescent filler on the whole cross section to be approximately equal, and meanwhile, the flowing state of the materials in the coalescent dehydration process is continuously stable and uniform, and the adverse effect on the separation effect caused by overlarge local flow rate is eliminated. As a specific implementation mode, the material uniform distributor I and the material uniform distributor II are preferably formed by arranging and stacking 5-10 layers of perforated plate liquid distribution plates in a staggered mode, as a more specific implementation mode, aiming at the performance of oil products to be separated, the aperture of a perforated plate on the perforated plate liquid distribution plate is 4-8 mm, and the center distance of the perforated plate is 20-30 mm.
The technical purpose of the second aspect of the invention is to provide a method for removing suspended matters and deeply dewatering by using the device, which comprises the following steps: the material to be treated enters a homogenizing bin from a feeding hole I, a gas distribution device enters the gas, under the action of the homogenizing bin, suspended matters in the material to be treated are homogenized, under the pushing action of micro bubbles, lighter suspended matters and a water phase move upwards at a higher speed and enter a suspended matter removing area, under the action of adsorption fillers and the micro bubbles, most of the suspended matters are adsorbed and removed, the gas is discharged from a gas outlet at the top, and a small amount of suspended matters are carried by the lighter water phase and discharged from a discharging hole I; the heavier oil phase is gathered at the lower layer and discharged through a discharge hole II; the water phase with a small amount of micro suspended matters enters a water phase oil removing area of the oil-water separation system from a feed inlet III, the oil phase is adsorbed and coalesced into large particles by the filler under the action of the fiber filler and is gathered at the lower layer, the large particles are discharged from a discharge outlet IV, the separated water phase is gathered at the upper layer, and the large particles are discharged from a discharge outlet III; the material entering the oil phase dewatering area from the feeding port IV is adsorbed and coalesced into large particles by the filler under the action of the fiber filler, the large particles are gathered at the upper layer, the large particles are discharged from the discharging port III, the separated oil phase is gathered at the lower layer, and the large particles are discharged from the discharging port IV.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, firstly, most suspended matters in crude oil or sewage are irregular in shape and different in size, and are mostly in the shape of large kelp, so that no matter the suspended matters are removed by adopting the prior art methods such as filtration, membrane treatment, adsorption, air flotation and the like, the problems that equipment is easy to hang and block, the equipment is not easy to clean and long-period operation cannot be maintained exist in the technologies. Secondly, in the process of removing the suspended matters, because the suspended matters have low density, the suspended matters exist in a water phase in heavy oil products (oil products with density larger than water), and the fed materials are oil-water two-phase, if the conventional suspended matters are removed, the oil-water two-phase fed materials need to enter the removing equipment, the problems of low suspended matters removing efficiency, oil carrying of the removed suspended matters and the like are caused, and if the prior art is adopted for oil-water separation and then suspended matters are removed, the problems that the suspended matters block the oil-water separation equipment and the suspended matters cannot run for a long period exist, so that the invention firstly removes part of the suspended matters through the adsorption filler and then deeply separates the water phase and the oil phase carrying a small amount of suspended matters, the suspended matters cannot block the oil-water separation filler, and the overall efficiency of the suspended matters and the oil-water separation is high.
Further, the material to be treated is selected from any one of heavy inferior raw oil, oily sewage, heavy dirty oil and coal tar.
Furthermore, the material to be treated needs to be injected with water, and the water injection amount is 3-20% of the oil product mass.
Furthermore, the size of the suspension after being homogenized is controlled by controlling the acting force of the homogenizing bin, the air inflow of the air distribution device and the size of air bubbles, so that the diameter of the suspension is smaller than the pore diameter of the fiber filler in the water phase oil removing area, and the fiber filler cannot be blocked.
Further, the gas introduced into the gas distribution device is selected from nitrogen, air or an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.
Further, the volume ratio (Nm) of the aeration of the gas distribution device to the feed of the material to be treated3/h：m3H) is 1:1 to 500:1, preferably 10:1 to 100: 1; wherein the gas volume is based on the gas volume in the standard state.
Furthermore, the retention time of the materials in the oil phase dewatering area is 0.1-16 minutes, preferably 0.5-6.0 minutes, and the dewatering rate is more than or equal to 98% in the retention time; the retention time of the materials in the water phase oil removal area is 0.1-15 minutes, preferably 0.5-6.0 minutes, and the oil removal rate is more than or equal to 98% in the retention time; in the oil phase water removal area and the water phase oil removal area, the further extension of the retention time and the increase of the equipment volume can further improve the dehydration rate of the oil product.
Further, the operating conditions of the suspension removal system are as follows: the temperature is normal temperature to 200 ℃, preferably 60 to 120 ℃; the pressure is 0.3-10.0 MPa, preferably 0.5-2.0 MPa; the operating conditions of the oil-water separation system are as follows: the temperature is normal temperature to 150 ℃, preferably 30 to 80 ℃; the pressure is 0.1 to 10.0MPa, preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) in the device and the method, before the suspended matters are removed, the suspended matters are homogenized, large suspended matters are processed into suspended matters with smaller sizes, and then the suspended matters are removed by using the adsorption filler, so that the problems of low production efficiency, easy filler blockage and the like in the subsequent oil-water separation process are solved.
(2) The device and the method firstly carry out preliminary oil-water separation on the fed material, remove most of the suspended matters in the water phase, and carry out deep oil-water separation, thereby improving the working efficiency of the device and reducing the volume of suspended matter removing equipment.
(3) Even after the suspended matters are homogenized, although the suspended matter removing equipment cannot be blocked quickly, the suspended matters with small sizes are contained, gaps of suspended matter removing filler can be taken away by materials, when the materials are conveyed to subsequent oil-water separation equipment, the materials are easy to block or adhere to the surfaces of the suspended matters, the oil-water filler effect is poor, and the oil-water separation filler can be blocked seriously.
In a word, the device and the method can solve the problems of complex flow, low efficiency, easy blockage of filtering facilities or fillers and the like of conventional suspended matter equipment, solve the problems that materials containing a small amount of suspended matters cannot be treated in the conventional oil-water separation process, the oil-water separation fillers are blocked, the oil-water separation is not thorough and the like, simplify the process flow of the suspended matter removal process, improve the production efficiency, realize that the raw materials containing a small amount of suspended matters can be deeply treated in the oil-water separation process, and greatly prolong the operation period of the device.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of the apparatus for the deflocculation and deep dehydration of oil of example 1;
the system comprises a suspension removal system 100, an oil-water separation system 200, a feed inlet I1, a discharge outlet I2, a discharge outlet I3, a discharge outlet II 5, a micro-bubble generator 6, a homogenizing bin 7, a suspension removal area 8, a gas outlet 9, a compressor 10, a feed inlet III, a feed inlet IV 11, a discharge outlet III, a discharge outlet IV 13, a discharge outlet IV, a water phase oil removal area 14, an oil phase water removal area 15, a material uniform distributor I16, a material uniform distributor II 17.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
An apparatus for removing suspended matter and deeply dewatering oil product comprises a suspended matter removing system 100 and an oil-water separating system 200, as shown in fig. 1:
the suspension removal system 100 comprises a horizontal reactor, a micro-bubble generator 5 is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal reactor, a homogenizing chamber 6 is arranged in the middle of the reactor, the homogenizing chamber is an ultrasonic reactor and an external power supply, the homogenizing chamber 6 is a space formed by two porous partition plates, the space in the horizontal reactor is transversely divided into three parts by the partition plates, the suspension removal area 7 is arranged at the upper part of the homogenizing chamber 6, adsorption filler is filled in the suspension removal area, and the adsorption filler is 600kg/m in density3Low density ofThe macroporous honeycomb polypropylene filler is in a non-fixed filling state, and the porosity of the filler is 60%; the top of the horizontal reactor is provided with a gas outlet 8, the gas outlet 8 is also connected with a micro-bubble generator 5 through a compressor 9, one side of the homogenizing chamber 6 is connected with a feeding hole I1, a discharging hole I2 and a discharging hole II 3 are arranged on the other side opposite to the feeding hole I1, the discharging hole I2 is arranged on the side surface of a suspension removing area 7 on the upper part of the horizontal reactor, and the discharging hole II 3 is arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the horizontal reactor; the discharge port I2 is connected with a feed port III 10 of a water phase oil removal area 14 of the oil-water separation system 200, and the discharge port II 3 is connected with a feed port IV 11 of an oil phase water removal area 15 of the oil-water separation system 200;
the oil-water separation system 200 is a horizontal reactor, an adjacent water phase oil removal area 14 and an oil phase water removal area 15 are arranged in the horizontal reactor, a fiber filler layer for removing oil phase from water phase in a coalescence mode is filled in the water phase oil removal area 14, the fiber filler layer is formed by filling a strip-shaped fiber yarn with an X-shaped woven surface in a disordered mode, and the fiber yarn is formed by weaving polypropylene fibers (hydrophilic oleophobic fibers) and polypropylene fibers (oleophilic hydrophobic fibers) according to the mass ratio of 1: 4; the oil phase water removal area 15 is filled with a fiber filler layer for removing water phase from the oil phase by coalescence, the fiber filler layer is formed by tightly stacking fiber layers woven into an X shape, and the mass ratio of polypropylene fibers (hydrophilic oleophobic fibers) to polypropylene fibers (oleophylic hydrophobic fibers) in the fiber layers is 4: 1; the two filler layers in the water phase oil removal area 14 and the oil phase water removal area 15 are communicated with each other; the feed inlet III 10 is arranged on the outer side of the water phase deoiling area 14 along the horizontal direction, and the discharge outlet III 12 is arranged in the middle of the top of the horizontal reactor; the feed inlet IV 11 is arranged on the outer side of the oil phase dewatering area 15 in the horizontal direction, the discharge outlet IV 13 is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the horizontal reactor, and the side, close to the feed inlet III 10 and the feed inlet IV 11, of the water phase dewatering area 14 and the side, close to the oil phase dewatering area 15, of the oil phase dewatering area are respectively provided with a material uniform distributor I16 and a material uniform distributor II 17 which are formed by arranging and stacking 6 layers of perforated plate liquid distribution plates in a staggered mode.
Example 2
The device of example 1 is used for the deep separation of suspended substances and oil and water in the water-containing dirty oil:
table 1 shows the properties of the raw materials to be treated.
TABLE 1
The method comprises the following steps that materials to be treated in the table 1 enter a homogenizing bin 6 through a feeding hole I1, under the action of the homogenizing bin 6, suspended matters in the materials to be treated are homogenized, a micro-bubble generator 5 is arranged at the bottom of the homogenizing bin 6 to continuously generate micro-bubbles, the materials to be treated move upwards at a high speed under the pushing action of the bubbles and enter a suspended matter removing area 7, under the action of adsorption filler and the micro-bubbles, most of the suspended matters are adsorbed and removed, separated gas is discharged from a gas outlet 8 at the top, the gas outlet 8 is connected with the micro-bubble generator 5 through a compressor 9, the gas can be recycled, and a small amount of the suspended matters are carried by the separated light water phase and discharged from a discharging hole I2; the heavier oil phase is gathered at the lower layer and discharged through a discharge hole II 3.
The water phase with a small amount of suspended matters enters a water phase oil removing area 14 of the oil-water separation system 200 through a feeding hole III 10, oil is removed through coalescence separation under the action of a profiled fiber filler filled in the water phase oil removing area, the profiled fiber filler is formed by filling X-shaped fiber yarns woven on a long strip-shaped surface in an disordered mode, the fiber yarns are formed by weaving polypropylene fibers (hydrophilic oleophobic fibers) and polypropylene fibers (lipophilic hydrophobic fibers) according to the mass ratio of 1:4, a small amount of oil separated from the profiled fiber filler layer is discharged from a discharging hole IV 13, the separated water phase is gathered at the upper position and discharged from a discharging hole III 12. The heavy phase material entering the oil phase dewatering area from the feeding port IV 11 is coalesced, separated and dewatered under the action of the fiber filler filled in the heavy phase material, a small amount of water separated in the fiber filler layer is discharged from the discharging port III 12, and the separated oil phase is gathered at the lower layer and discharged from the discharging port IV 13.
The gas introduced into the microbubble generator 5 is nitrogen. The volume ratio (Nm) of the feed to the microbubble generator 5 to the material to be treated3/h：m3H) is 80:1, the gas volume being based on the gas volume in the standard state. The retention time of the materials in the oil phase water removal area is 5.6 minutes, and the materials in the waterThe residence time in the oil removal zone was 3.2 minutes. The operating conditions of the desuspension removal system 100 are as follows: the temperature is 110 ℃, and the pressure is 1.2 MPa; the operating conditions of the oil-water separation system 200 are as follows: the temperature is 80 ℃ and the pressure is 0.6 MPa.
After the treatment by the method, the removal of suspended matters and the oil-water separation in the materials to be treated are completed simultaneously, the salt content in the oil phase is 2.45-2.88 mg/L, the water content is 6500-6800 ppm, the oil content in the water phase is 0.42-0.57 wt%, the suspended matters in the water phase and the oil phase cannot be seen, and are respectively 0.0056% and 0.0023% by measurement, and all devices and the filler layers are not blocked in the operation process of the device.
Example 3
The apparatus of example 1 was used to separate the heavy crude oil from the suspended solids and the oil from the water to a greater extent. Table 2 shows the raw materials to be treated.
TABLE 2
The method comprises the following steps that materials to be treated in the table 2 enter a homogenizing bin 6 through a feeding hole I1, under the action of the homogenizing bin 6, suspended matters in the materials to be treated are homogenized, a micro-bubble generator 5 is arranged at the bottom of the homogenizing bin 6 to continuously generate micro-bubbles, the materials to be treated move upwards at a high speed under the pushing action of the bubbles and enter a suspended matter removing area 7, under the action of adsorption filler and the micro-bubbles, most of the suspended matters are adsorbed and removed, separated gas is discharged from a gas outlet 8 at the top, the gas outlet 8 is connected with the micro-bubble generator 5 through a compressor 9, the gas can be recycled, and a small amount of the suspended matters are carried by the separated light water phase and discharged from a discharging hole I2; the heavier oil phase is gathered at the lower layer and discharged through a discharge hole II 3.
The water phase with a small amount of suspended matters enters a water phase oil removing area 14 of the oil-water separation system 200 through a feeding hole III 10, oil is removed through coalescence separation under the action of a profiled fiber filler filled in the water phase oil removing area, the profiled fiber filler is formed by filling X-shaped fiber yarns woven on a long strip-shaped surface in an disordered mode, the fiber yarns are formed by weaving polypropylene fibers (hydrophilic oleophobic fibers) and polypropylene fibers (lipophilic hydrophobic fibers) according to the mass ratio of 1:4, a small amount of oil separated from the profiled fiber filler layer is discharged from a discharging hole IV 13, the separated water phase is gathered at the upper position and discharged from a discharging hole III 12. Heavy phase materials entering the oil phase dewatering area from a feeding hole IV 11 are coalesced, separated and dewatered under the action of fiber fillers filled in the oil phase dewatering area, the fiber fillers are formed by weaving X-shaped fiber layers which are tightly stacked, the mass ratio of polypropylene fibers (hydrophilic oleophobic fibers) to polypropylene fibers (lipophilic hydrophobic fibers) in the fiber layers is 4:1, a small amount of water separated from the fiber filler layers is discharged from a discharging hole III 12, and separated oil phases are gathered at the lower layer and discharged from a discharging hole IV 13.
The gas introduced into the microbubble generator 5 is nitrogen. The volume ratio (Nm) of the feed to the microbubble generator 5 to the material to be treated3/h：m3H) is 100:1, the gas volume being based on the gas volume in the standard state. The residence time of the material in the oil phase dewatering zone was 4.2 minutes and the residence time of the material in the water phase degreasing zone was 3.0 minutes. The operating conditions of the desuspension removal system 100 are as follows: the temperature is 100 ℃, and the pressure is 1.5 MPa; the operating conditions of the oil-water separation system 200 are as follows: the temperature was 70 ℃ and the pressure was 0.8 MPa.
After the treatment by the method, the removal of suspended matters and the oil-water separation in the materials to be treated are completed simultaneously, the salt content in the oil phase is 2.77-2.98 mg/L, the water content is 4500-4800 ppm, the oil content in the water phase is 0.32-0.47 wt%, the suspended matters in the water phase and the oil phase cannot be seen, and are respectively 0.0046% and 0.0017% by measurement, and all devices and the filler layer are not blocked in the operation process of the device.
Claims (21)
1. The device for removing suspended matters and deeply dehydrating the oil product is characterized by comprising a suspended matter removing system and an oil-water separation system, wherein the suspended matter removing system comprises a horizontal reactor, the bottom of the horizontal reactor is provided with a gas distribution device, and the gas distribution device is a micro-bubble generator and can form bubbles with the size of 50 nm-1000 mu m; the middle of the reactor is a homogenizing bin which is selected from any one or a combination of a plurality of ultrasonic reactors, microwave oscillation reactors, mechanical stirrers and magnetic stirrers; the homogenizing bin is a space formed by two porous partition plates, the partition plates transversely divide the space in the horizontal reactor into three parts, the upper part of the homogenizing bin is a suspension removing area, and adsorption fillers are filled in the suspension removing area; the top of the horizontal reactor is provided with a gas outlet, one side of the homogenizing bin is connected with a feed inlet I, a discharge outlet I and a discharge outlet II are arranged on the other side opposite to the feed inlet I, the discharge outlet I is arranged on the side surface of the suspension removing area on the upper part of the horizontal reactor, and the discharge outlet II is arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the horizontal reactor; the discharge port I is connected with a feed port III of a water phase oil removing area of the oil-water separation system, and the discharge port II is connected with a feed port IV of an oil phase water removing area of the oil-water separation system; the oil-water separation system is a horizontal reactor, an adjacent water phase oil removal area and an oil phase water removal area are arranged in the horizontal reactor, a fiber filler layer for removing the oil phase from the water phase in a coalescence mode is filled in the water phase oil removal area, a fiber filler layer for removing the water phase from the oil phase in a coalescence mode is filled in the oil phase water removal area, and the two filler layers are communicated with each other; the feed inlet III is arranged on the outer side of the water phase deoiling area along the horizontal direction, and the middle of the top of the horizontal reactor is provided with a discharge outlet III; the feed inlet IV is arranged on the outer side of the oil phase dewatering area along the horizontal direction, and the middle of the bottom of the horizontal reactor is provided with a discharge outlet IV.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas outlet at the top of the horizontal reactor is further connected to a gas distribution device through a booster.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adsorbent packing is of a density of 50kg/m3～900kg/m3The oleophilic type filler is selected from at least one of polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylic acid and nylon, or is selected from materials of which the surfaces are subjected to oleophilic treatment.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adsorptive filler is in a non-fixed packed state within the region of the resuspension zone, and the porosity of the filler is in the range of 30% to 95%.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the layer of fibrous packing in the water phase oil removal zone is random in shape woven from filaments having a pore size larger than the diameter of suspended matter entrained in the liquid entering the water phase oil removal zone.
6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the fiber yarn is a composite fiber yarn woven by oleophilic and hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers, wherein the mass ratio of the hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers to the oleophilic and hydrophobic fibers is 1: 1.1-1: 10.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the fiber filler layer in the oil phase water removing area is formed by weaving fiber yarns, and the fiber layer is filled in a multi-layer overlapping mode.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the fiber yarn is a composite fiber yarn formed by weaving oleophilic and hydrophobic fiber yarns and hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers together, and the weaving ratio of the hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers to the oleophilic and hydrophobic fibers is 1.1: 1-10: 1.
9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the fiber filler is a concave-convex structure with any one of an X-shaped, a V-shaped, an 8-shaped, an omega-shaped, a drop-shaped or a diamond-shaped surface formed by weaving fiber yarns.
10. The device according to any one of claims 6 or 8, wherein the oleophilic and hydrophobic fiber is selected from at least one of polyester fiber, nylon fiber, polyurethane fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber and polyvinyl chloride fiber, and the hydrophilic and oleophobic fiber is selected from natural high molecular polymer polypropylene fiber with carboxyl, amino or hydroxyl on the main chain or side chain, or is selected from materials with hydrophilic and oleophobic treatment on the surface of the materials.
11. The device of claim 1, wherein a material distributor I and a material distributor II are respectively arranged on one sides of the water phase oil removing area and the oil phase water removing area close to the feed inlet III and the feed inlet IV.
12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the material distributor I and the material distributor II are formed by stacking 5-10 layers of perforated plate liquid distribution plates in a staggered arrangement, the aperture of each perforated plate on each perforated plate liquid distribution plate is 4-8 mm, and the center distance of each hole is 20-30 mm.
13. The method for removing suspended matters and deeply dewatering by using the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the material to be treated enters the homogenizing chamber from the feeding port I, the gas distribution device enters the gas, the suspended matters in the material to be treated are homogenized under the action of the homogenizing chamber, the lighter suspended matters and the water move upwards at a higher speed under the pushing action of the bubbles and enter the suspended matter removing area, part of the suspended matters are adsorbed and removed under the action of the adsorption filler and the bubbles, the gas is discharged from the gas outlet at the top, and the lighter water phase carries a small amount of suspended matters and is discharged from the discharging port I; the heavier oil phase is gathered at the lower layer and discharged through a discharge hole II; the water phase with a small amount of suspended matters enters a water phase oil removal area of the oil-water separation system from a feed inlet III, the oil phase is adsorbed and coalesced into large particles by the filler under the action of the fiber filler and is gathered at the lower layer, the large particles are discharged from a discharge outlet IV, the separated water phase is gathered at the upper layer, and the large particles are discharged from a discharge outlet III; the material entering the oil phase dewatering area from the feeding port IV is adsorbed and coalesced into large particles by the filler under the action of the fiber filler, the large particles are gathered at the upper layer, the large particles are discharged from the discharging port III, the separated oil phase is gathered at the lower layer, and the large particles are discharged from the discharging port IV.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the material to be treated is selected from any one of heavy inferior raw oil, oily sewage, heavy dirty oil and coal tar.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the material to be treated is injected with water in an amount of 3-20% by mass of the oil.
16. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the size of the suspension after homogenizing treatment is controlled by controlling the force of the homogenizing silo, the air input of the air distribution device I and the size of the air bubbles, so that the diameter of the suspension is smaller than the pore diameter of the fiber filler in the deoiling area.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the ratio of the aeration of the gas distribution device to the volume of the feedstock to be treated is from 1:1 to 500: 1.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein the residence time of the material in the oil phase de-oiling zone is 0.1 to 16 minutes and the residence time of the material in the water phase de-oiling zone is 0.1 to 15 minutes.
19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the suspension removal system is operated at a temperature of normal temperature to 200 ℃ and a pressure of 0.3 to 10.0 MPa.
20. The method of claim 13, wherein the removal system is operated under the following conditions: the temperature is normal temperature-150 ℃, and the pressure is 0.1-10.0 MPa.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the removal system is operated under the following conditions: the temperature is 30-80 ℃, and the pressure is 0.1-1.0 MPa.
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| CN202152289U (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2012-02-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Air-floatation processing device for emulsified oil sewage |
| CN103771656A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Reusing treatment method of refinery waste water |
| CN109652117A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2019-04-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of oil-water separation system and isolated process |
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