C with low isobutene content4Method for synthesizing isooctene by oligomerization
Technical Field
The invention relates to a C with low isobutene content4(isobutene mass percent: 8% -15%) oligomerization synthesis method of isooctene.
Background
MTBE is a gasoline blending component with excellent performance, but has carcinogenicity. The united states has long banned its addition to gasoline. At present, China is also popularizing ethanol gasoline and will forbid the artificial addition of MTBE in the gasoline. One hundred more MTBE devices in China are facing to improvement, wherein the widely seen alternative technology is the technology for producing isooctenes by C4 oligomerization. However, in the oligomerization of C4, polymers are formed, so that it is common practice to add inhibitors during the oligomerization process, thereby reducing the production of by-products.
There are many MTBE devices in the country, with a capacity of about 1800 million tons in 2018. If one-fourth of the plants selected C4 oligomerization as an alternative technique, the approximate calculated addition of inhibitor was about 5 ten thousand tons per year. The inhibitor is used as a non-popular chemical in chemical products, and the market productivity of the inhibitor reaches a certain balance. If the demand is increased greatly in a short time, the price of the inhibitor is increased greatly, and the economic benefit of the C4 oligomerization device is further reduced sharply. Therefore, it is a very critical and practical task to study how to reach the selectivity and conversion rate of isooctene produced by C4 oligomerization without adding an inhibitor.
In addition, in the actual production, the concentration of olefin in the C4 raw material is easy to change due to the fluctuation of equipment and the change of raw material sources, when the content of isobutene in the C4 raw material (8 wt% -15 wt%) is lower than the normal value, a higher initial reaction temperature (40-50 ℃) is needed, the temperature rise is 20-42 ℃, and by adopting the conventional resin and filling mode, an inhibitor must be added, otherwise, the use temperature range of the conventional resin is exceeded, and the increase of byproducts is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method, which can achieve the same isobutene conversion rate and selectivity as the reaction with an inhibitor under the condition of not adding the inhibitor when the isobutene mass content in the raw material is 8-15%. So that the C4 oligomerization can be carried out without inhibitor and an acceptable product is produced. The economy of the device is not influenced by the inhibitor and the price thereof, so that the device can run stably for a long time.
C with low isobutene content4The process method for synthesizing isooctene by oligomerization comprises the following steps:
mixing the C-C raw material, sequentially passing through two superposed reaction sections connected in series under the condition of not adding an inhibitor, carrying out superposed reaction under the condition of a superposed process, and separating a reaction product to obtain an isooctene product;
a resin catalyst A is used in the first polymerization reaction section, the resin catalyst A is sulfonic acid resin, the acid exchange equivalent weight of the resin catalyst A is 2.0-6.0 mg/g, preferably 5.0-6.0 mg/g, and the halogenation rate is 0;
in the second polymerization reaction section, resin catalyst B is used, the resin catalyst B is halogenated sulfonic acid resin, the acid exchange equivalent thereof is equivalent to that of the resin catalyst A, preferably 4.0-6.0 mg/g, and the halogenation rate is 20-40%.
Further, the resin A is conventional sulfonic acid resin; the resin B is brominated sulfonic acid resin, the acid exchange equivalent of the resin B is equivalent to that of the resin A, and the halogenation rate is 20-40%. The halogenation rate refers to the molar ratio of halogen element (bromine) to sulfonate in the resin catalyst.
Furthermore, the filling amount of the resin catalyst A in the first lamination reaction section is 5-20%, preferably 10-15% based on the total filling volume of all the resin catalysts. The filling amount of the resin catalyst B in the second polymerization reaction section is 80-95%, preferably 85-90%.
Further, the lamination process conditions include: the average reaction temperature of the first polymerization reaction section is 42-57 ℃, and the liquid hourly volume space velocity is 4h-1~22h-1Preferably 6h-1~15h-1(ii) a The average reaction temperature of the second polymerization reaction section is 53-71 ℃, and the liquid hourly volume space velocity is 0.5h-1~4h-1Preferably 1h-1~2h-1。
In the invention, the first polymerization reaction section and the second polymerization reaction section can be arranged in one reactor or more than two reactors. Each reaction zone may comprise one or more catalyst beds.
In the invention, the C-containing raw material is a C4 raw material with low isobutene content, wherein the mass content of isobutene is generally 8-15 wt%.
Compared with the prior art, the process method has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the process characteristics of the C4 polymerization reaction, the catalyst is selected to be compounded and filled, so that the generation of polymers (such as trimerization products and tetramerization products) is reduced. The carbon tetramerization reaction is characterized in that the exothermic quantity is large, most of the exothermic quantity is concentrated in the first half part of the reaction, and a large amount of carbon octaolefin can be generated in the first half part of the reaction. It is therefore desirable to have the oligomerization (dimerization) of isobutene take place as quickly as possible and to control the reaction depth as far as possible. The use of conventional resins in the first polymerization stage, at relatively high space velocities, allows the oligomerization (dimerization) of the tetraisobutene carbonate to occur as quickly as possible. The concentration of carbon octaolefins increases rapidly as the reactants flow progressively downstream. The brominated sulfonic acid resin is filled in the second laminating section, and the generation of trimerization (including trimerization and tetramerization) products can be inhibited by utilizing the steric hindrance effect of halogen groups on the brominated resin.
2. The addition of the inhibitor is cancelled in the whole process of the polymerization reaction, so that higher selectivity and conversion rate can be realized, and the requirement of industrial production is met. The use of brominated sulfonic acid resin in the second lamination stage is intended to reduce the formation of polymeric products without the addition of inhibitors. The principle is as follows: after halogenation of conventional sulfonic acid resins, bromine is introduced around the acidic groups. The bromine group has stronger polarity, electronegativity and larger volume, thereby generating steric hindrance effect on the resin structure; the steric hindrance effect formed by the bromine group effectively reduces the opportunity that the dimerization and trimerization products approach the acid center of the resin catalyst, and meanwhile, the bromine group has different sizes of the electronegative effect on the carbon four and carbon eight olefins, so that the dimerization and trimerization products are not easy to activate, the generation amount of the trimerization and tetramerization products is also reduced, and the selectivity of the polymerization reaction process is improved.
3. When the mass content (8-15%) of isobutene in the C4 oligomerization raw material is lower than a normal level, the addition of an inhibitor is cancelled on the premise of achieving higher isobutene conversion rate and selectivity, and the economy of the device is not influenced by the inhibitor and the price thereof, so that the device can stably run for a long time. The method provides an effective way for the transformation of the existing MTBE device.
Detailed Description
The process of the present invention is further described below by means of specific examples.
The acidic cation exchange resin used in the present invention is prepared by a conventional method. The halogenated resin is prepared through halogenation reaction on cation exchange resin as catalyst carrier and conventional process. The resin catalyst A is conventional sulfonic acid resin, and the resin B is brominated sulfonic acid resin. Detailed indexes of the resin catalyst are shown in Table 1, and the analysis standard of the catalyst is GB-T16579-1996.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of the catalyst
In the following comparative examples and examples, the same raw materials were used as the C4 blend raw materials, and the compositions are shown in Table 2. The mixed C4 material and the hydrogenated product were analyzed by gas chromatography.
TABLE 2C 4 blend stock
Comparative example 1
The resin catalysts used in comparative example 1 were all resin A (particle size 1.1mm, exchange equivalent 5.4 mg/g, water content 50 wt%, wet apparent density 0.8 g/mL)-1) The grading filling was not carried out, the inhibitor used was tert-butanol, the amount added was 1.0% by mass of the feed amount. At the average reaction temperature of 55 ℃ and the total volume space velocity of 1h-1Under the conditions of (1), the conversion of isobutylene was 86.1% and the selectivity to isooctene was 87.3%.
Example 1
Catalyst grading filling mode: the first polymerization stage was charged with resin A (particle size 1.1mm, exchange equivalent 5.4 mg/g, water content 50 wt%, wet apparent density 0.8 g.mL)-1Halogenation rate is 0), the packing volume proportion of the resin A is 5%; filling resin B (in the second polymerization reaction section)Particle size of 1.1mm, exchange equivalent of 5.2 mg/g, water content of 50 wt%, wet apparent density of 0.8 g/mL-1The halogenation (bromination) rate was 40%), and the packed volume ratio of the resin B was 95%.
The average reaction temperature of the first polymerization reaction section is 43 ℃, and the volume space velocity is 20 h-1The average reaction temperature of the second polymerization reaction section is 57 ℃, and the space velocity is 1h-1The isobutene conversion was 82.3% and the isooctene selectivity was 84.1%.
Example 2
Catalyst grading filling mode: the first polymerization stage was charged with resin A (particle size 1.1mm, exchange equivalent 5.2 mg/g, water content 50 wt%, wet apparent density 0.8 g.mL)-1Halogenation rate is 0), the packing volume proportion of the resin A is 12%; the second polymerization stage was charged with resin B (particle size 1.1mm, exchange equivalent 5.2 mg/g, water content 50 wt%, wet apparent density 0.8 g.mL)-1The halogenation (bromination) rate was 40%), and the packed volume ratio of the resin B was 88%.
The average reaction temperature of the first polymerization reaction section is 46 ℃, and the volume space velocity is 9 h-1The average reaction temperature of the second polymerization reaction section is 60 ℃, and the space velocity is 1.2 h-1The isobutene conversion was 87.5% and the isooctene selectivity was 86.3%.
Example 3
Catalyst grading filling mode: the first polymerization stage was charged with resin A (particle size 1.1mm, exchange equivalent 5.2 mg/g, water content 50 wt%, wet apparent density 0.8 g.mL)-1Halogenation rate is 0), the packing volume proportion of the resin A is 15%; the second polymerization stage was charged with resin B (particle size 1.1mm, exchange equivalent 5.2 mg/g, water content 50 wt%, wet apparent density 0.8 g.mL)-1The halogenation (bromination) rate was 45%), and the packed volume ratio of the resin B was 85%.
The average reaction temperature of the first polymerization reaction section is 47 ℃, and the volume space velocity is 7 h-1The average reaction temperature of the second polymerization reaction section is 61 ℃, and the space velocity is 1.2 h-1The isobutene conversion was 89.8% and the isooctene selectivity was 87.1%.
Example 4
Catalyst grading filling mode: in thatThe first polymerization stage was packed with resin A (particle size 1.1mm, exchange equivalent 5.0 mg/g, water content 50 wt%, wet apparent density 0.8 g. mL)-1Halogenation rate is 0), the packing volume proportion of the resin A is 20%; the second polymerization stage was charged with resin B (particle size 1.1mm, exchange equivalent 5.0 mg/g, water content 50 wt%, wet apparent density 0.8 g.mL)-1The halogenation (bromination) rate was 40%), and the packed volume ratio of the resin B was 80%.
The average reaction temperature of the first polymerization reaction section is 48 ℃, and the volume space velocity is 6h-1The average reaction temperature of the second polymerization reaction section is 62 ℃ and the space velocity is 1.3 h-1The isobutene conversion was 89.8% and the isooctene selectivity was 85.0%.
The same raw materials are used, and the comparative example 1 and the examples 1 to 4 have the same reaction results, so that the method provided by the invention can eliminate the addition of the inhibitor on the premise of keeping equivalent or slightly improved conversion rate and selectivity of isobutene, and greatly improve the economy of the device.