CN112744835B - Tin-silicon molecular sieve, preparation method thereof and cyclohexanone oximation reaction method - Google Patents

Tin-silicon molecular sieve, preparation method thereof and cyclohexanone oximation reaction method Download PDF

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CN112744835B
CN112744835B CN201911048099.1A CN201911048099A CN112744835B CN 112744835 B CN112744835 B CN 112744835B CN 201911048099 A CN201911048099 A CN 201911048099A CN 112744835 B CN112744835 B CN 112744835B
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夏长久
朱斌
彭欣欣
林民
舒兴田
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of molecular sieve preparation, and particularly relates to a tin-silicon molecular sieve, a preparation method thereof and a cyclohexanone oxime reaction method. The molecular sieve particles are formed by stacking crystal grains with the particle size of 20-50nm, the particle size of the molecular sieve particles is 500-1000nm, the average grain boundary size of the molecular sieve particles is 1-5nm, the grain boundary mesoporous volume is 0.1-0.5mL/g, and the Lewis acid content of the molecular sieve is 200-300 mu mol/g. The preparation method provided by the invention can synthesize the small-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve under the conditions of lower template agent dosage and lower water-silicon ratio, reduce the synthesis cost, improve the solid content of the synthesized molecular sieve crystallization product and improve the yield of the single-kettle molecular sieve. The tin-silicon molecular sieve provided by the invention is used in cyclohexanone oximation reaction, and has higher reaction activity and selectivity.

Description

Tin-silicon molecular sieve, preparation method thereof and cyclohexanone oximation reaction method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of molecular sieve preparation, in particular to a tin-silicon molecular sieve, a preparation method thereof and a cyclohexanone oximation reaction method.
Background
Since Taramasso et al in 1983 disclosed that titanium atoms isomorphously substituted framework silicon synthesized TS-1 molecular sieves, the synthesis of titanium-containing microporous or mesoporous molecular sieves has rapidly attracted much attention and invested a great deal of research work, and both the synthesis and application have made good progress, and the industrial production has been realized and the method is successively applied to commercial processes such as phenol hydroxylation, cyclohexanone ammoximation, propylene epoxidation and the like.
Following the TS-1 molecular sieve, the tin-silicon molecular sieve materials (mainly including Sn-MFI and Sn-BEA molecular sieves) are mainly due to the physicochemical properties of tin atoms similar to those of transition metal titanium. Among the findings of milestone significance are:
(1) In 1994, ramaswamy synthesizes the Sn-MFI molecular sieve by a conventional hydrothermal method for the first time.
(2) Professor A.Corma in 2001 finds that the Sn-beta molecular sieve synthesized in a fluorine-containing system can synthesize epsilon-caprolactone in Baeyer-Villiger reaction of cyclohexanone with high selectivity, and can avoid many defects of the traditional organic peroxyacid synthesis route.
(3) The M.Davis team of the university of California in 2010 discovers that the Sn-beta molecular sieve has high activity in preparing fructose through catalyzing glucose isomerization, and the materials are considered to successfully simulate the metal activity center of glucose isomerase and break through the influence of temperature, pH value and the like on enzyme catalytic activity. In recent years, people have invested great efforts in the research of tin-silicon molecular sieve materials and have made very good progress.
At present, the synthesis and characterization of tin-silicon molecular sieves still have a large bottleneck, and no commercial production route is developed, because:
(1) Radius of tin ion
Figure BDA0002254622420000021
Greater than silicon ion
Figure BDA0002254622420000022
Leading tin ions to be difficult to enter the framework of the molecular sieve;
(2) In a synthesis system with higher tin-silicon molar ratio, tin ions delay the nucleation and growth of the molecular sieve to a great extent, so that the crystallinity of the tin-silicon molecular sieve is poor;
(3) For Sn-beta molecular sieves, the BEA structural framework is difficult to form, and a fluorine-containing reagent is usually required to be introduced to cause environmental pollution;
(4) The tin source is generally sensitive to a strong alkaline environment and is easy to hydrolyze and self-polymerize;
(5) Anions contained in the tin source (e.g. Cl) - Ions) have an effect on the nucleation and growth of molecular sieve crystals.
Kang Zihua and the like synthesize the Sn-beta molecular sieve by adopting white carbon black to replace silicone grease and ammonium fluoride to replace hydrofluoric acid and adopting a dry glue conversion method, but the synthesized molecular sieve has a large size (more than 2 mu m) and greatly limits the diffusion of a reactant molecular sieve.
The synthesis of Sn-MFI molecular sieves by the dry gel method was first reported by Bokade et al. The authors examined in detail the temperature, time, amount of kettle bottom water, different TPAOH/SiO 2 And SiO 2 /SnO 2 The influence of parameters such as molar ratio on the crystallinity and physicochemical properties of the final sample. The results show that the crystallization temperature, the kettle bottom water amount and the TPAOH/SiO are improved 2 And SiO 2 /SnO 2 The molar ratio can shorten the crystallization time as a whole. In the phenol hydroxylation reaction, the Sn-MFI molecular sieve synthesized by the dry glue method and the Sn-MFI molecular sieve synthesized by the traditional hydrothermal method show equivalent activity.
The tin-silicon molecular sieve synthesized by the existing method mainly takes micropores as main components, and the mesoporous volume is small, so that the mass transfer and diffusion in crystals are not facilitated; and the synthesis difficulty of the molecular sieve is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the synthesized tin-silicon molecular sieve mainly takes micropores as main components, the mesoporous volume is smaller and the synthesis difficulty is higher in the prior art, and provides a tin-silicon molecular sieve, a preparation method thereof and a cyclohexanone oximation reaction method. The preparation method of the tin-silicon molecular sieve provided by the invention can save the cost of raw materials and obtain the high-performance small-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve, and the prepared tin-silicon molecular sieve has higher oxidation activity and selectivity.
In order to achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention provides a tin-silicon molecular sieve, wherein the molecular sieve particles are formed by stacking crystal grains with a particle size of 20-50nm, the particle size of the molecular sieve particles is 500-1000nm, the average grain boundary size of the molecular sieve particles is 1-5nm, the grain boundary mesoporous volume is 0.1-0.5mL/g, and the Lewis acid content of the molecular sieve is 200-300 μmol/g.
Preferably, the molecular sieve is at 25 ℃, P/P 0 =0.1, and the amount of benzene adsorbed is at least 30 mg/g as measured under the condition of an adsorption time of 1 hour.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a tin-silicon molecular sieve, the method comprising:
(1) Mixing a first liquid tin source, a first liquid silicon source, an auxiliary agent and a solvent to obtain a first mixture;
(2) Aging the first mixture to obtain an aged sol;
(3) Heating the aged gel and the solid silicon source to obtain solid gel;
(4) Roasting the solid gel to obtain tin silicon oxide;
(5) And mixing the tin-silicon oxide, the template agent, the second liquid tin source, the second liquid silicon source, water and the inorganic ammonium source to obtain a second mixture, and then crystallizing.
Preferably, snO is used in step (1) 2 Metering a first liquid tin source and SnO in step (5) 2 The molar ratio of the second liquid tin source is 1:0.1 to 10, preferably 1:0.5-2.
Preferably, siO is used in step (1) 2 The first liquid silicon source and SiO in step (5) 2 The molar ratio of the second liquid silicon source is 1:0.1 to 10, preferably 1:0.5-2.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the total tin source to the total silicon source is 0.005-0.05:1, wherein the total tin source is SnO 2 The total silicon source is SiO 2 The total tin source is SnO 2 A first liquid tin source and SnO 2 The sum of the second liquid tin source and the total silicon source is SiO 2 First liquid silicon source in terms of SiO 2 Second liquid silicon source and SiO 2 The sum of the calculated solid silicon sources.
Preferably in SiO 2 The total liquid silicon source and SiO in step (3) 2 The molar ratio of the solid silicon source is 1:1-9, preferably 1:2-8.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the template agent to the total silicon source is 0.08-0.6:1, preferably 0.1 to 0.3:1, more preferably 0.1 to 0.2:1. the preparation method provided by the invention can synthesize the small-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve material under the condition of lower template agent dosage, and can reduce the synthesis cost of the tin-silicon molecular sieve material.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the water to the total silicon source in step (5) is 5-100:1, preferably 5 to 50:1, more preferably 5 to 30:1. the preparation method provided by the invention can synthesize the small-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve material under the condition of a lower water-silicon ratio, can improve the solid content of a synthesized molecular sieve crystallization product, and can improve the yield of the single-kettle molecular sieve.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the inorganic ammonium source in step (5) to the first liquid tin source in step (1) is from 0.01 to 5:1.
in a third aspect, the invention provides a tin-silicon molecular sieve prepared by the preparation method.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides a cyclohexanone oximation reaction method, which comprises the step of contacting cyclohexanone, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide with a tin-silicon molecular sieve under an oximation reaction condition, wherein the tin-silicon molecular sieve is the tin-silicon molecular sieve provided by the invention.
According to the preparation method of the tin-silicon molecular sieve, the cheap and easily-obtained solid silicon source is used for partially replacing the expensive liquid silicon source, so that the waste discharge in the production process of the molecular sieve can be reduced, the raw material cost is saved, and meanwhile, the high-performance small-crystal-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve material is obtained, and the prepared molecular sieve has higher oxidation activity. The preparation method of the tin-silicon molecular sieve provided by the invention can synthesize the small-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve material under the conditions of lower template agent dosage and lower water-silicon ratio, can reduce the synthesis cost of the tin-silicon molecular sieve material, improves the solid content of a crystallized product of the synthesized molecular sieve, and improves the yield of the single-kettle molecular sieve. The tin-silicon molecular sieve prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention is used in cyclohexanone oximation reaction, and has higher reaction activity and selectivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of the Sn-MFI molecular sieve prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a TEM photograph of the Sn-MFI molecular sieve prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a TEM photograph of the Sn-MFI molecular sieve obtained from the rearrangement treatment of example 3;
FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of the Sn-MFI molecular sieve prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a TEM photograph of the Sn-MFI molecular sieve prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 6 is an SEM photograph of the Sn-MFI molecular sieve obtained by the rearrangement treatment of comparative example 2;
FIG. 7 is a TEM photograph of the Sn-MFI molecular sieve obtained by the rearrangement treatment of comparative example 2;
fig. 8 is an XRD spectrum of the tin-silicon molecular sieves prepared in example 1, example 2, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The invention provides a tin-silicon molecular sieve, wherein the molecular sieve particles are formed by stacking crystal grains with the particle size of 20-50nm, the particle size of the molecular sieve particles is 500-1000nm, the average grain boundary size of the molecular sieve particles is 1-5nm, the mesoporous volume of the grain boundary is 0.1-0.5mL/g, and the Lewis acid content of the molecular sieve is 200-300 mu mol/g.
According to the invention, the molecular sieve particles of the tin-silicon molecular sieve are obtained by stacking crystal grains with the particle size of 20-50nm through transmission electron microscope detection.
According to the invention, the particle size of the molecular sieve particles and the particle size of the crystal grains of the tin-silicon molecular sieve are obtained by transmission electron microscope detection (measured by a TEM scale).
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the molar ratio of tin to silicon in the molecular sieve is 0.005 to 0.04:1, preferably 0.01-0.035:1.
the molecular sieve particles of the tin-silicon molecular sieve provided by the invention contain abundant crystal boundaries, and the crystal boundaries not only strengthen mass transfer diffusion of reactants and product molecules, but also improve the Lewis acid content of framework tin species. The average grain boundary size of the molecular sieve particles of the tin-silicon molecular sieve provided by the invention is 1-5nm, and the mesoporous volume of the grain boundary is 0.1-0.5mL/g.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the molecular sieve particles have an average grain boundary size of 1 to 3nm and a grain boundary mesopore volume of 0.1 to 0.2mL/g.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the molecular sieve has a micropore volume of from 0.15 to 0.18mL/g.
In the present invention, the grain boundaries refer to interfaces between grains having the same structure but different orientations, and the contact interfaces between the grains are called grain boundaries. The grain boundary size refers to the distance between crystal grains, and is obtained by transmission electron microscope detection (measured by a TEM scale).
The tin-silicon molecular sieve provided by the invention has a micropore structure and a crystal boundary mesoporous structure, preferably, the pore diameter of micropores is less than 1nm, and the pore diameter (diameter) of mesopores is between 1nm and 5 nm. Specifically, the XRD spectrum of the molecular sieve has diffraction peaks at 2 theta angles of 5-35 degrees, which indicates that the molecular sieve has a micropore structure. In the invention, the volume and the pore size distribution of the mesoporous grain boundary are measured by a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption curve method.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of Lewis acid of the stannosilicate molecular sieve is 200 to 300. Mu. Mol/g, more preferably 230 to 290. Mu. Mol/g. The acid content of the molecular sieve was determined by pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the molecular sieve is at 25 ℃ P/P 0 =0.1, and the amount of benzene adsorbed is at least 30 mg/g, preferably 30 to 40 mg/g, as measured under the condition of an adsorption time of 1 hour. A hysteresis loop exists between the adsorption isotherm and the desorption isotherm of the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption of the molecular sieve. Under the same tin-silicon ratio, the acid amount and the acid strength of the tin-silicon molecular sieve provided by the invention are higher than those of the tin-silicon molecular sieve prepared by the conventional method.
According to the present invention, preferably, the molecular sieve has an MFI structure, an MEL structure, a BEA structure, an MWW structure or an MOR structure.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a tin-silicon molecular sieve, the method comprising:
(1) Mixing a first liquid tin source, a first liquid silicon source, an auxiliary agent and a solvent to obtain a first mixture;
(2) Aging the first mixture to obtain an aged sol;
(3) Heating the aged gel and the solid silicon source to obtain solid gel;
(4) Roasting the solid gel to obtain tin-silicon oxide;
(5) And mixing the tin-silicon oxide, the template agent, the second liquid tin source, the second liquid silicon source, water and the inorganic ammonium source to obtain a second mixture, and then crystallizing.
In the present invention, the auxiliary in the step (1) is not particularly limited. Preferably, the auxiliaries comprise space fillers and/or stabilizers.
Preferably, the space-filling agent is selected from a silylation agent and/or a water-soluble polymer compound, and more preferably a water-soluble polymer. More preferably, the silylating agent is selected from at least one of trimethylchlorosilane, t-butyldimethylchlorosilane, dimethyldiacetoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and di-t-butyldichlorosilane; the water-soluble high molecular compound is polyacrylamide and/or polyacrylic acid. The weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer compound may be 1000 to 100000.
Preferably, the stabilizer is selected from at least one of oxalic acid, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide and citric acid.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the auxiliary agent to the first liquid silicon source in step (1) is 0.01-0.1:1, preferably 0.02 to 0.07:1, wherein the first liquid silicon source is SiO 2 And (6) counting.
In the present invention, the first liquid tin source in the step (1) and the second liquid tin source in the step (5) are not particularly limited. In particular, the first and second liquid tin sources are each independently selected from an inorganic liquid tin source and/or an organic liquid tin source.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic liquid tin source is selected from at least one of tin tetrachloride, tin dichloride, tin sulfate and tin oxysulfate, preferably tin tetrachloride and/or tin oxysulfate.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the organic liquid tin source is selected from organic acid salts and/or stannates of tin, preferably stannates, selected from at least one of tetramethyl stannate, tetraethyl stannate, tetrapropyl stannate and tetrabutyl stannate, preferably tetraethyl stannate.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic acid salt of tin is at least one selected from the group consisting of dioctyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dilaurate and dibutyltin maleate.
According to the present invention, preferably, snO is used in the step (1) 2 Metering a first liquid tin source and SnO in step (5) 2 The molar ratio of the second liquid tin source is 1:0.1 to 10, preferably 1:0.5-2.
In the present invention, the first liquid silicon source in step (1) and the second liquid silicon source in step (5) are not particularly limited. In particular, the first and second liquid silicon sources are each independently selected from an inorganic liquid silicon source and/or an organic liquid silicon source.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic liquid silicon source is selected from at least one of silicon tetrachloride, sodium silicate and sodium metasilicate, preferably silicon tetrachloride.
Preferably, the organic liquid silicon source is selected from the group consisting of silicon of the formula Si (OR) 1 ) 4 Of organosilicon esters of, R 1 Selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms, said alkyl groups being branched or straight chain alkyl groups.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the silicone grease is selected from at least one of tetramethyl silicate, tetraethyl silicate, tetrabutyl silicate and dimethyl diethyl silicate; preferably at least one of tetramethyl silicate, tetraethyl silicate and tetrapropyl silicate.
According to the invention, step (1) is preferably carried out with SiO 2 The first liquid silicon source and SiO in step (5) 2 The molar ratio of the second liquid silicon source is 1:0.1 to 10, preferably 1:0.5-2.
According to the invention, the molar ratio of the total tin source to the total silicon source is preferably between 0.005 and 0.05:1, more preferably 0.008-0.035:1, for example, 0.01 to 0.03:1 or 0.01-0.025:1 or 0.015 to 0.025:1, wherein the total tin source is SnO 2 The total silicon source is SiO 2 The total tin source is SnO 2 A first liquid tin source and a source of SnO 2 The sum of the second liquid tin source and the total silicon source is SiO 2 First liquid silicon source in terms of SiO 2 Second liquid silicon source and SiO 2 The sum of the calculated solid silicon sources.
Preferably in SiO 2 The total liquid silicon source and SiO in step (3) 2 The molar ratio of the solid silicon source is 1:1-9, preferably 1:2-8. In the invention, the high proportion of solid silicon source is used, so that the production cost can be reduced, and in addition, the solid content of the crystallized product of the tin-silicon molecular sieve can be improved, thereby improving the yield of single synthesis under the condition that a synthesis reaction kettle is not changed.
In the present invention, the solid silicon source in the step (3) is not subjected toParticularly limited. Specifically, the solid silicon source may be a high-purity silica solid or powder, and preferably, the solid silicon source is white carbon and/or high-purity silica gel, preferably white carbon. Preferably, the SiO in the solid silicon source is based on dry weight 2 The content is not less than 99.99 weight percent, and the total mass content of Fe, al and Na impurities is less than 10ppm; for example SiO 2 The content is 99.99 to 100% by weight, and usually more than 99.99 and less than 100% by weight.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, siO is contained in the silica gel 2 The content is 99.99 wt.% or more, for example, 99.99 wt.% or more and less than 100 wt.%, and the mass content of Fe, al and Na impurities is less than 10ppm.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the white carbon black has a specific surface area of 50-400m 2 The dry basis weight of the white carbon black is taken as a reference, and SiO in the white carbon black 2 The content is 99.99 wt.% or more, for example, 99.99 wt.% or more and less than 100 wt.%, and the mass content of Fe, al and Na impurities is less than 10ppm.
According to the present invention, the white carbon black can be commercially available or can be prepared according to the existing method, for example, according to the method provided in CN200910227646.2, and the present invention is not particularly limited herein.
In the present invention, the kind and amount of the solvent used in the step (1) are not particularly limited. The first liquid tin source, the first liquid silicon source and the auxiliary agent may be dissolved in the solvent. Specifically, the solvent is selected from water and/or alcohol (preferably alcohol with 1-5C atoms), such as water and/or ethanol.
The embodiment of mixing in step (1) in the present invention is not particularly limited, as long as the first liquid tin source, the first liquid silicon source, the auxiliary agent and the solvent are uniformly mixed. Preferably, the mixing is carried out under stirring conditions, for example in a magnetic stirrer, for a period of time ranging from 1 to 20 hours.
According to the invention, the aging conditions are selected in a wide range, and preferably, the aging conditions in step (2) include: the aging temperature is 20-65 ℃, preferably 20-50 ℃; the aging time is 1 to 60 hours, preferably 2 to 50 hours, more preferably 3 to 30 hours, for example 3 to 15 hours.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the aging in step (2) refers to allowing the first mixture in step (1) to stand at 20-65 ℃ for 1-60 hours, wherein the aging process preferably does not require stirring, and the first mixture is allowed to stand under the aging conditions.
According to the present invention, the heating conditions are selected in a wide range, and preferably, the heating conditions in step (3) include: under the closed condition, the heating temperature is 50-500 ℃, and the preferable temperature is 250-500 ℃; the heating time is 1 to 30 hours, preferably 1 to 20 hours.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the heating in step (3) refers to heating the aged sol and the solid silicon source in step (2) at 50-500 ℃ for 1-30 hours, so that the aged sol is completely converted into a solid gel, wherein the heating may be performed in a closed autoclave, which is not described herein in detail.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, before the solid gel is calcined in step (4), the solid gel is further filtered and washed. Wherein, the filtration and washing are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the detailed description of the present invention is omitted here.
In the present invention, the baking is not particularly limited. Specifically, the roasting conditions in the step (4) include: in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, the roasting temperature is 100-500 ℃, preferably 250-480 ℃, and further preferably 350-450 ℃; the calcination time is 1 to 20 hours, preferably 2 to 10 hours, and more preferably 2 to 8 hours. In the present invention, the oxygen-containing atmosphere is not particularly limited, and it is sufficient that only oxygen required for calcination can be supplied, and it may be pure oxygen or a mixed gas of oxygen and other gases.
In the present invention, the template in the step (5) is not particularly limited. The appropriate template can be selected according to the structure of the desired synthesized molecular sieve (MFI structure, MEL structure, BEA structure, MWW structure or MOR structure). Preferably, the template is selected from at least one of an organic quaternary ammonium compound, a long-chain alkyl ammonium compound and an organic amine, and further preferably, the template comprises the organic quaternary ammonium compound, the long-chain alkyl ammonium compound and optionally the organic amine.
Preferably, the organic quaternary ammonium compound is an organic quaternary ammonium base and/or an organic quaternary ammonium salt. Further preferably, the organic quaternary ammonium base is selected from at least one of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and the organic quaternary ammonium salt is selected from at least one of tetrapropylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride and tetraethylammonium chloride.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tin-silicon molecular sieve obtained by the preparation method has an MFI structure, and the organic quaternary ammonium compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium chloride and tetrapropylammonium bromide.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tin-silicon molecular sieve obtained by the preparation method has a MEL structure, and the organic quaternary ammonium compound is at least one selected from tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium bromide and tetrabutylammonium chloride.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tin-silicon molecular sieve obtained by the preparation method has a BEA structure, and the organic quaternary ammonium compound is at least one selected from tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium bromide and tetraethylammonium chloride.
Preferably, the long-chain alkylammonium compound has the formula R 2 N(R 3 ) 3 X, wherein R 2 Is alkyl with 12-18 carbon atoms, R 3 Is H or an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X is a monovalent anion, for example OH - 、Cl - 、Br - . Specifically, when X is OH - When the long-chain alkyl ammonium compound is a basic long-chain alkyl ammonium compound; when X is Cl - When the long-chain alkyl ammonium compound is a long chainAlkyl ammonium chloride; when X is Br - When the alkyl ammonium compound is a long-chain alkyl ammonium bromide compound, the long-chain alkyl ammonium bromide compound is a long-chain alkyl ammonium bromide compound.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the basic long-chain alkylammonium compound is selected from at least one of dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and octadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the long-chain alkyl ammonium chloride is selected from at least one of dodecyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyl ammonium chloride and octadecyl ammonium chloride.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the long chain alkyl ammonium bromide is selected from at least one of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.
According to the present invention, preferably, the organic amine is at least one of an aliphatic amine, an alcohol amine, and an aromatic amine; the fatty amine has a general formula of R 4 (NH 2 ) n Wherein R is 4 Is alkyl or alkylene having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n =1 or 2; the alcohol amine has the general formula of (HOR) 5 ) m NH (3-m) Wherein R is 5 Is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m =1, 2 or 3; the aromatic amine is an amine having one aromatic substituent.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aliphatic amine is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylamine, n-butylamine, butanediamine and hexamethylenediamine.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alcohol amine is at least one selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aromatic amine is at least one selected from aniline, toluidine and p-phenylenediamine.
According to the present invention, preferably, the molar ratio of the organic quaternary ammonium compound to the total silicon source is 0.04-0.45:1, the molar ratio of the long-chain alkyl ammonium compound to the total silicon source is 0.04-0.45:1; the molar ratio of the organic amine to the total silicon source is 0-0.4:1.
preferably, the molar ratio of the template agent to the total silicon source is 0.08-0.6:1, preferably 0.1 to 0.3:1, more preferably 0.1 to 0.2:1.
according to the present invention, preferably, the molar ratio of the water to the total silicon source in step (5) is 5 to 100:1. in the method provided by the invention, the small-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve can be synthesized under high solid content, so that the using amount of water is reduced, the single-kettle yield is improved, namely more molecular sieves are synthesized under the same synthesis reactor volume, and the molar ratio of the water to the total silicon source in the step (5) is preferably 5-80:1 or 5-50:1 or 5-30:1 or 6-20:1 or 6-15:1.
preferably, the molar ratio of the inorganic ammonium source in step (5) to the first liquid tin source in step (1) is from 0.01 to 5:1, preferably 0.01 to 4:1, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5:1, the inorganic ammonium source is NH 4 + The tin source is SnO 2 And (6) counting.
In the present invention, the inorganic ammonium source in the step (5) is not particularly limited. In particular, the inorganic ammonium source is selected from inorganic ammonium salts and/or aqueous ammonia, preferably aqueous ammonia. The inorganic ammonium salt is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate.
In the invention, the inorganic ammonium source is added, so that the oxidation activity of the tin-silicon molecular sieve is improved, the utilization rate of the tin source (higher framework tin-silicon ratio under the condition of the same tin source usage) is improved, and the usage amount of the tin source is reduced.
In the present invention, the crystallization is not particularly limited. Preferably, the crystallization conditions in step (5) include: the crystallization temperature is 110-200 ℃, preferably 140-180 ℃, and more preferably 160-180 ℃; the crystallization pressure is autogenous pressure, and the crystallization time is 2 to 480 hours, preferably 0.5 to 10 days, for example, 1 to 6 days, and more preferably 1 to 3 days.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the crystallization may be carried out in a stainless steel stirred tank. The temperature for crystallization can be raised in one stage or in multiple stages, and the temperature raising rate can be carried out according to the existing crystallization temperature raising method, for example, 0.5-1 ℃/min.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crystallization conditions include: crystallizing at 100-130 deg.C (preferably 110-130 deg.C) for 0.5-1.5 days, and crystallizing at 160-180 deg.C for 1-3 days.
According to the invention, the method can also comprise recovering the tin-silicon molecular sieve from the product obtained by crystallization in the step (5). The method for recovering the tin-silicon molecular sieve can be the existing method, and comprises the steps of filtering, washing and roasting a crystallized product or filtering, washing, drying and roasting the crystallized product. The purpose of filtration is to separate the small-grained stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve obtained by crystallization from the crystallization mother liquor, and the purpose of washing is to wash off the siliceous template adsorbed on the surface of the molecular sieve particles, and for example, the mixed washing can be carried out at the temperature of room temperature to 50 ℃ and the weight ratio of the molecular sieve to water of 1 (1-20) such as 1 (1-15) and then the filtration or the rinsing with water is carried out. The drying is to remove most of the water in the molecular sieve to reduce the amount of water evaporated during calcination, and the drying temperature may be 100-200 ℃. The calcination is performed to remove the template from the molecular sieve, for example, at a temperature of 350-650 deg.C for 2-10 hours. The tin-silicon molecular sieve provided by the invention is obtained by recovery.
According to the invention, preferably, the method further comprises a step (6), said step (6) comprising: and (4) mixing the solid product obtained in the step (5), organic base and water, and then carrying out second crystallization.
Preferably, the conditions of the second crystallization include: the second crystallization temperature is 110-200 ℃, and more preferably 150-200 ℃; the second crystallization time is 0.5 to 10 days, more preferably 1 to 8 days.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid product obtained in step (5), an organic base and water are mixed and subjected to a second crystallization. The obtained small-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve has a hollow structure and is called molecular sieve rearrangement. Preferably, the organic base is reacted with the solid product obtained in step (5) (in SiO) 2 In terms of) is 0.02 to 0.5:1, further preference is given to0.02-0.2:1. preferably, the water is mixed with the solid product (in SiO) 2 In terms of mole ratio of 2-50:1, more preferably 2 to 30:1, for example 2 to 20:1, preferably 5 to 10:1. the organic base may be organic amine and/or organic quaternary ammonium base, and the organic amine and the organic quaternary ammonium base are defined as above, which is not described herein again.
Specifically, the method can also comprise recovering the tin-silicon molecular sieve from the product obtained by crystallization in the step (6). Generally comprises filtering, washing, drying and then roasting the crystallized product, and the recovery method can be referred to the step (5), and the invention is not described herein.
In the present invention, the rearrangement of the molecular sieve step (6) may be performed once or may be repeated a plurality of times. The rearranged tin-silicon molecular sieve with more obvious mesoporous structure and stacked small crystal grains is obtained through rearrangement treatment, and the rearranged tin-silicon molecular sieve has larger pore volume and specific surface area.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a cyclohexanone oxime reaction method, which comprises contacting cyclohexanone, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide with the tin-silicon molecular sieve provided by the invention under an oximation reaction condition.
The cyclohexanone oximation reaction method according to the present invention is not particularly limited in the oximation reaction conditions, and can be carried out under conventional conditions. Specifically, the oximation reaction conditions comprise: the reaction temperature is 40-120 ℃, preferably 50-100 ℃, the reaction pressure is 0-5MPa, preferably 0.1-3MPa, and the volume space velocity is 5-15h -1 Preferably 5-10h -1 。
In the present invention, preferably, the molar ratio of cyclohexanone, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide is 1:0.2-5:0.2 to 5, preferably 1:1-3:1-3.
The contacting may be carried out in a solvent or in the absence of a solvent. The solvent may be one or more of alcohol, ketone, nitrile, ether, ester and water. Specific examples of the solvent may include, but are not limited to, at least one of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, acetone, butanone, methyl t-butyl ether, acetonitrile, and water. Preferably, the solvent is at least one of methanol, acetone, t-butanol and water. The amount of the solvent used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be selected conventionally. Generally, the solvent may be used in an amount of 10 to 5000 parts by weight, preferably 50 to 4000 parts by weight, more preferably 50 to 2000 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of cyclohexanone.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
SEM electron microscope experiments were performed on Hitachi S4800 high resolution cold field emission scanning electron microscope.
TEM electron microscopy experiments were carried out on a transmission electron microscope of the type Tecnai F20G 2S-TWIN, FEI, equipped with an energy filtration system GIF2001, gatan, and equipped with an X-ray energy spectrometer. The electron microscope sample is prepared on a micro-grid with the diameter of 3mm by adopting a suspension dispersion method.
XRD measurement method: x-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography of the sample was performed on a Siemens D5005X-ray diffractometer using a CuK alpha radiation source
Figure BDA0002254622420000151
Tube voltage 40kV, tube current 40mA, scanning speed 0.5 °/min, scanning range 2 θ =4-40 °.
The characterization method of the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption curve was performed on a Micromeritics ASAP-2010 static nitrogen adsorption apparatus manufactured by Quantachrome.
The pore volume was measured by a nitrogen adsorption capacity method according to the BJH calculation method (see petrochemical analysis method (RIPP test method), RIPP151-90, scientific Press, 1990).
The acidity, acid strength and acid content of the tin-silicon molecular sieve are measured by pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy.
The particle size of the molecular sieve particles and the particle size of the crystal grains of the tin-silicon molecular sieve are obtained by transmission electron microscope detection (measured by a TEM scale).
In the following examples, room temperature was 25 ℃ unless otherwise specified.
The sources of the raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are as follows:
tetrabutyl stannate, analytically pure, national chemical group, chemical reagents, ltd.
Tin tetrachloride, analytically pure, chemical reagents of the national drug group, ltd.
Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, a commercially available chemical plant in Guangdong.
Tetraethyl silicate, analytically pure, chemical reagents of the national pharmaceutical group, ltd.
Ammonia, analytically pure, concentration 20% by weight.
White carbon black, zhejiang Juhua group product, model AS-150; the solid content is more than 95 wt%, the silicon dioxide content in dry basis is more than 99.99 wt%, the total content of iron, sodium and Al is less than 10ppm, and the specific surface area is 195m 2 /g。
Other reagents are not further described, and are all commercial products and analytically pure.
The gas chromatograph is purchased from Agilent company and is model 6890, and the analytical chromatographic column is an FFAP column.
Examples 1 to 12 of the present invention are made of SiO 2 The total silicon source usage is fixed to 0.2mol.
Example 1
(1) Tetrabutyl stannate (a first liquid tin source), tetraethyl silicate (TEOS, a first liquid silicon source), polyacrylic acid (weight average molecular weight of 5000) powder and 3g of water are sequentially added into a 500mL beaker, put on a magnetic stirrer with heating and stirring functions, and are uniformly mixed, and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours to obtain a first mixture.
(2) And standing the first mixture at room temperature for 12 hours for aging treatment to obtain an aged sol.
(3) Adding white carbon black powder (solid silicon source) into the aged sol under stirring, and heating in a closed autoclave at 500 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain solid gel.
(4) Washing the solid gel with deionized water for 3 times, and roasting in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain SnO 2 -SiO 2 White oxide.
(5) Mixing the tin-silicon oxide, 25.05 wt% tetrapropylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (TPAOH), hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (MSDS), tetrabutyl stannate (a second liquid tin source), tetraethyl silicate (TEOS, a second liquid silicon source), 20 wt% ammonia water and water to obtain a second mixture, then transferring the second mixture into a stainless steel closed reaction kettle, crystallizing at the constant temperature of 175 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a crystallized sample, filtering, washing, drying at 120 ℃ for 24 hours, and roasting at 550 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the small-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve S-1 with an MFI structure.
The SEM and TEM pictures of the tin-silicon molecular sieve S-1 are shown in figures 1 and 2, and the XRD analysis spectrogram is shown in figure 8.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the molecular sieve particles are formed by stacking crystal grains having a particle size of 20 to 50 nm. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are shown in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Example 2
(1) Tin tetrachloride, tetraethyl silicate (TEOS), tert-butyl hydroperoxide and 10g of ethanol are sequentially added into a 500mL beaker, placed on a magnetic stirrer with heating and stirring functions, mixed uniformly and stirred at room temperature for 10 hours to obtain a first mixture.
(2) And standing the first mixture at 37 ℃ for 24 hours for aging treatment to obtain an aged sol.
(3) Adding white carbon black powder into the aged sol under stirring, and heating in a sealed autoclave at 450 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain solid gel.
(4) Washing the solid gel with deionized water for 3 times, and roasting in a muffle furnace at 450 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain SnO 2 -SiO 2 White oxide.
(5) Mixing the tin-silicon oxide, 25.05 wt% tetrapropylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (TPAOH), hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (MSDS), tetrabutyl stannate, tetraethyl silicate (TEOS), 20 wt% ammonia water and water to obtain a second mixture, transferring the second mixture into a stainless steel closed reaction kettle, crystallizing at a constant temperature of 160 ℃ for 72 hours to obtain a crystallized sample, filtering, washing, drying at 120 ℃ for 24 hours, and roasting at 550 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the small-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve S-2 with an MFI structure.
The SEM image and the TEM image of the tin-silicon molecular sieve S-2 are similar to those of the tin-silicon molecular sieve S-1, and an XRD analysis spectrum is shown in FIG. 8.
The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are shown in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Example 3
Taking the tin-silicon molecular sieve S-2 prepared in example 2 as a matrix, taking 6g of the sample, mixing the sample with a TPAOH aqueous solution with the weight percent of 22.05, uniformly stirring, crystallizing for 3 days at 150 ℃ in a closed reaction kettle, filtering, washing, drying for 24 hours at 120 ℃, and roasting for 6 hours at 550 ℃ to obtain the tin-silicon molecular sieve S-3 with hollow small crystal grain stacking shape, wherein the tin-silicon molecular sieve S-3 has an MFI structure.
The TEM photograph of the tin-silicon molecular sieve S-3 is shown in FIG. 3. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are shown in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Examples 4 to 7
Tin-silicon molecular sieves were prepared according to the method of example 1, and the compositions and synthesis conditions of the tin-silicon molecular sieves are shown in table 1, to obtain small-crystallite stacked tin-silicon molecular sieves S-4 to S-7. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are listed in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Example 8
The method of example 1 was followed except that in step (5), first, crystallization was carried out at 120 ℃ for 1 day, and then at 170 ℃ for 2 days, and the composition and synthesis conditions of the tin-silicon molecular sieve are shown in table 1, thereby obtaining small-crystallite stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve S-8. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are shown in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Example 9
Preparing a tin-silicon molecular sieve with an MEL structure. Referring to the method according to example 1, the composition and synthesis conditions of the tin-silicon molecular sieve are shown in table 1 by changing the mixture ratio and the template, and the small-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve S-9 is obtained. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are shown in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Example 10
Preparing the tin-silicon molecular sieve with the BEA structure. Referring to the method of example 1, the composition and synthesis conditions of the tin-silicon molecular sieve are shown in table 1, while the mixture ratio and the template are changed, to obtain the small-grain stacked tin-silicon molecular sieve S-10. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are shown in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Example 11
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the aging temperature was 75 ℃ to obtain tin-silicon molecular sieve S-11. The average grain size of the molecular sieve grains, the average grain boundary size, are listed in table 2. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are shown in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Example 12
The procedure of example 1 was followed, except that polyacrylic acid was replaced with an equimolar amount of trimethylchlorosilane, to obtain a tin-containing molecular sieve S-12. The average grain size of the molecular sieve grains, the average grain boundary size, are listed in table 2. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are listed in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1
22.5g of tetraethyl silicate and 7g of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide are mixed, 59.8g of deionized water is added and uniformly mixed; then hydrolyzing for 1h at 60 ℃ to obtain a hydrolysis solution of tetraethyl silicate. Under vigorous stirring, a solution of 1.1g of tin tetrachloride pentahydrate and 5g of isopropanol was slowly added dropwise to the above solution, and the mixture was stirred at 75 ℃ for 3 hours to give a clear and transparent colloid. And then the colloid is moved into a stainless steel closed reaction kettle and crystallized for 3 days at the constant temperature of 170 ℃, thus obtaining the conventional tin-silicon molecular sieve D-1.
The SEM and TEM pictures of the tin-silicon molecular sieve D-1 are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and the XRD analysis spectrogram is shown in FIG. 8. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are listed in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 2
Mixing 22.5g tetraethyl silicate with 9g tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide, adding 64.5g deionized water, and uniformly mixing; then hydrolyzing for 1h at 60 ℃ to obtain a hydrolysis solution of tetraethyl silicate. Under vigorous stirring, a solution of 0.6g of tin tetrachloride pentahydrate and 7g of isopropanol was slowly added dropwise to the above solution, and the mixture was stirred at 75 ℃ for 7 hours to give a clear and transparent colloid. And then the colloid is moved into a stainless steel closed reaction kettle and crystallized for 3 days at the constant temperature of 170 ℃ to obtain the conventional tin-silicon molecular sieve.
Then mixing stannic chloride, anhydrous isopropanol, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and deionized water according to the proportion of 1:15:2.4:350, and hydrolyzing for 30 minutes at 45 ℃ under normal pressure to obtain a hydrolysis solution of tin tetrachloride. Taking the prepared tin-silicon molecular sieve, and preparing the tin-silicon molecular sieve according to the following molecular sieve (g): sn (mol) =600:1 and the hydrolysis solution of tin tetrachloride are uniformly mixed, the mixture is uniformly stirred for 12 hours at the normal temperature (25 ℃), finally, the dispersed suspension is placed into a stainless steel reaction kettle and is placed for 3 days at 165 ℃, and the rearranged tin-silicon molecular sieve D-2 can be obtained.
SEM and TEM photographs of the tin-silicon molecular sieve D-2 are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and an XRD analysis spectrum is shown in FIG. 8. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are shown in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3
Following the procedure of example 1, except that aqueous ammonia (anhydrous ammonium source) was not added, tin-silicon molecular sieve D-3 was obtained. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are shown in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 4
Following the procedure of example 1, except that no ammonia (anhydrous ammonium source) was added and no aging was performed, tin silicalite D-4 was obtained. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are shown in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 5
The procedure of example 1 was followed, except that the solid silicon source in step (3) was added to step (1), to give tin-silicon molecular sieve D-5. The average particle size of the molecular sieve grains, the average particle size of the molecular sieve particles, and the average grain boundary size are shown in table 2. The micropore volume, mesopore volume, benzene adsorption amount and Lewis acid amount of the molecular sieve are shown in Table 2.
Test example
The tin-silicon molecular sieves prepared in the above examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were used as catalysts for oximation reaction of cyclohexanone to carry out oximation reaction.
According to the tin-containing molecular sieve: tert-butanol (solvent): 25 wt% ammonia =1:7.5:7.5 mass ratio (wherein the weight of ammonia water is NH) 3 Metering) is evenly stirred and mixed in the slurry bed, the temperature is raised to 78 ℃, and the dosage of the tin-containing molecular sieve is 3g. Then, at this temperature, 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide was added at a rate of 6mL/h, and a mixture of cyclohexanone and t-butanol (the volume ratio of cyclohexanone to t-butanol was 1Adding 25 weight percent of ammonia water solution, and the volume space velocity is 7.92h -1 . The three materials are added simultaneously, and are discharged continuously at corresponding speed, 3 hours after the reaction is stable, a gas chromatograph is used for carrying out quantitative analysis on the concentration of each substance after the reaction, the cyclohexanone conversion rate and the cyclohexanone oxime selectivity are calculated, and specific results are shown in table 2.
The conversion rate of cyclohexanone and the selectivity of cyclohexanone oxime are respectively calculated according to the following formulas:
Figure BDA0002254622420000231
Figure BDA0002254622420000232
Figure BDA0002254622420000241
Figure BDA0002254622420000251
Figure BDA0002254622420000261
from the data in table 2, it can be seen that the tin-silicon molecular sieve of the present invention has larger particle size, grain boundary size, lewis acid amount and benzene adsorption amount than the existing tin-silicon molecular sieve. The tin-silicon molecular sieve provided by the invention can be used as a catalyst for cyclohexanone oximation reaction, and more excellent catalytic performance can be obtained.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (51)

1. The tin-silicon molecular sieve is characterized in that molecular sieve particles are formed by stacking crystal grains with the particle size of 20-50nm, the particle size of the molecular sieve particles is 500-1000nm, the average grain boundary size of the molecular sieve particles is 1-5nm, the grain boundary mesoporous volume is 0.1-0.5mL/g, and the Lewis acid content of the molecular sieve is 200-300 mu mol/g;
the preparation method of the tin-silicon molecular sieve comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing a first liquid tin source, a first liquid silicon source, an auxiliary agent and a solvent to obtain a first mixture;
(2) Aging the first mixture to obtain an aged sol;
(3) Heating the aged gel and the solid silicon source to obtain solid gel;
(4) Roasting the solid gel to obtain tin silicon oxide;
(5) Mixing the tin-silicon oxide, the template agent, the second liquid tin source, the second liquid silicon source, water and the inorganic ammonium source to obtain a second mixture, and then crystallizing;
the auxiliary agent in the step (1) comprises a space filling agent and/or a stabilizing agent;
the space filling agent is selected from at least one of silanization reagent, polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid;
the stabilizer is at least one selected from oxalic acid, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide and citric acid.
2. The molecular sieve of claim 1, wherein the molecular sieve has a tin-to-silicon molar ratio of 0.005-0.04:1.
3. the molecular sieve of claim 2, wherein,
the molar ratio of tin to silicon in the molecular sieve is 0.01-0.035:1.
4. the molecular sieve of claim 1, wherein,
the average grain boundary size of the molecular sieve particles is 1-3nm, and the mesoporous volume of the grain boundary is 0.1-0.2mL/g.
5. The molecular sieve of claim 1, wherein the molecular sieve is at 25 ℃, P/P 0 =0.1, and the amount of benzene adsorbed is at least 30 mg/g as measured under the condition of an adsorption time of 1 hour.
6. The molecular sieve of claim 5, wherein the molecular sieve is at 25 ℃, P/P 0 =0.1, and the benzene adsorption amount measured under the condition of adsorption time of 1 hour is 30-40 mg/g.
7. The molecular sieve of claim 1, wherein,
the molecular sieve has an MFI structure, an MEL structure, a BEA structure, an MWW structure or an MOR structure.
8. A method of making a tin-silicon molecular sieve, the method comprising:
(1) Mixing a first liquid tin source, a first liquid silicon source, an auxiliary agent and a solvent to obtain a first mixture;
(2) Aging the first mixture to obtain an aged sol;
(3) Heating the aged gel and the solid silicon source to obtain solid gel;
(4) Roasting the solid gel to obtain tin-silicon oxide;
(5) Mixing the tin-silicon oxide, the template agent, the second liquid tin source, the second liquid silicon source, water and the inorganic ammonium source to obtain a second mixture, and then crystallizing;
the auxiliary agent in the step (1) comprises a space filling agent and/or a stabilizing agent;
the space filling agent is selected from at least one of silanization reagent, polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid;
the stabilizer is at least one selected from oxalic acid, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide and citric acid.
9. The production method according to claim 8,
in the step (1), the molar ratio of the auxiliary agent to the first liquid silicon source is 0.01-0.1:1, wherein the first liquid silicon source is SiO 2 And (6) counting.
10. The production method according to claim 9,
in the step (1), the molar ratio of the auxiliary agent to the first liquid silicon source is 0.02-0.07:1.
11. the method of claim 8, wherein the first and second liquid tin sources are each independently selected from an inorganic liquid tin source and/or an organic liquid tin source.
12. The production method according to claim 8,
the first and second liquid silicon sources are each independently selected from an inorganic liquid silicon source and/or an organic liquid silicon source.
13. The production method according to claim 8,
and (4) in the step (3), the solid silicon source is white carbon black and/or silica gel.
14. The production method according to claim 8,
in the step (1), snO is used 2 Metering a first liquid tin source and SnO in step (5) 2 The molar ratio of the second liquid tin source is 1:0.1-10.
15. The production method according to claim 14,
in the step (1), snO is used 2 Metering a first liquid tin source and SnO in step (5) 2 Second liquid of the meterThe molar ratio of the tin source is 1:0.5-2.
16. The production method according to claim 8,
SiO is used in the step (1) 2 The first liquid silicon source and SiO in step (5) 2 The molar ratio of the second liquid silicon source is 1:0.1-10.
17. The production method according to claim 16, wherein,
SiO is used in the step (1) 2 The first liquid silicon source and SiO in step (5) 2 The molar ratio of the second liquid silicon source is 1:0.5-2.
18. The production method according to claim 8,
the molar ratio of the total tin source to the total silicon source is 0.005-0.05:1, wherein the total tin source is SnO 2 The total silicon source is SiO 2 The total tin source is SnO 2 A first liquid tin source and SnO 2 The sum of the second liquid tin source and the total silicon source is SiO 2 First liquid silicon source is calculated as SiO 2 Second liquid silicon source and SiO 2 The sum of the calculated solid silicon sources.
19. The production method according to claim 8,
with SiO 2 Total liquid silicon source and SiO in step (3) 2 The molar ratio of the solid silicon source is 1:1-9, wherein the total liquid silicon source is the sum of the first liquid silicon source and the second liquid silicon source.
20. The production method according to claim 19,
with SiO 2 The total liquid silicon source and SiO in step (3) 2 The molar ratio of the solid silicon source is 1:2-8.
21. The production method according to claim 8, wherein the aging conditions in step (2) include: the aging temperature is 20-65 ℃; the aging time is 1-60 hours.
22. The production method according to claim 21,
the aging conditions in the step (2) include: the aging temperature is 20-50 ℃; the aging time is 2-50 hours.
23. The production method according to claim 8,
the heating conditions in the step (3) include: under the closed condition, the heating temperature is 50-500 ℃; the heating time is 1-30 hours.
24. The production method according to claim 23,
the heating conditions in the step (3) include: under the closed condition, the heating temperature is 250-500 ℃; the heating time is 1-20 hours.
25. The production method according to claim 8,
the roasting condition in the step (4) comprises the following steps: roasting at 100-500 deg.c in oxygen containing atmosphere; the roasting time is 1-20 hours.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein,
the roasting condition in the step (4) comprises the following steps: roasting at 250-480 deg.c in oxygen containing atmosphere; the roasting time is 2-10 hours.
27. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 26, wherein the templating agent in step (5) comprises an organic quaternary ammonium compound, a long-chain alkyl ammonium compound, and optionally an organic amine.
28. The method of manufacturing according to claim 27, wherein,
the organic quaternary ammonium compound is organic quaternary ammonium base and/or organic quaternary ammonium salt.
29. The production method according to claim 27, wherein,
the long-chain alkyl ammonium compound has a general formula of R 2 N(R 3 ) 3 X, wherein R 2 Is alkyl with 12-18 carbon atoms, R 3 Is H or alkyl with 1-4 carbon atoms, and X is univalent anion.
30. The method of manufacturing according to claim 27, wherein,
the organic amine is one or more of aliphatic amine, alcohol amine and aromatic amine; the fatty amine has a general formula of R 4 (NH 2 ) n Wherein R is 4 Is alkyl or alkylene having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n =1 or 2; the alcohol amine has a general formula of (HOR) 5 ) m NH (3-m) Wherein R is 5 Is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m =1, 2 or 3; the aromatic amine is an amine having one aromatic substituent.
31. The method of claim 27, wherein the molar ratio of organic quaternary ammonium compound to total silicon source is 0.04-0.45:1, the molar ratio of the long-chain alkyl ammonium compound to the total silicon source is 0.04-0.45:1; the molar ratio of the organic amine to the total silicon source is 0-0.4:1; the total silicon source is SiO 2 First liquid silicon source in terms of SiO 2 Second liquid silicon source and SiO 2 The sum of the solid silicon sources.
32. The production method according to claim 27, wherein,
the molar ratio of the template agent to the total silicon source is 0.08-0.6:1; the total silicon source is SiO 2 First liquid silicon source in terms of SiO 2 Second liquid silicon source and SiO 2 The sum of the calculated solid silicon sources.
33. The production method according to claim 32,
the molar ratio of the template agent to the total silicon source is 0.1-0.3:1.
34. the method of claim 33, wherein,
the molar ratio of the template agent to the total silicon source is 0.1-0.2:1.
35. the preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the molar ratio of the water to the total silicon source in the step (5) is 5-100:1; the total silicon source is SiO 2 First liquid silicon source is calculated as SiO 2 Second liquid silicon source and SiO 2 The sum of the calculated solid silicon sources.
36. The production method according to claim 35, wherein,
the molar ratio of the water to the total silicon source in the step (5) is 5-50:1.
37. the method of claim 36, wherein,
the molar ratio of the water to the total silicon source in the step (5) is 5-30:1.
38. the production method according to claim 8,
the molar ratio of the inorganic ammonium source in step (5) to the first liquid tin source in step (1) is 0.01-5:1, the inorganic ammonium source is NH 4 + The first liquid tin source is SnO 2 And (6) counting.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein,
the molar ratio of the inorganic ammonium source in step (5) to the first liquid tin source in step (1) is 0.01-4:1.
40. the production method according to claim 39, wherein,
the molar ratio of the inorganic ammonium source in step (5) to the first liquid tin source in step (1) is 0.01-0.5:1.
41. the production method according to any one of claims 8 to 26 and 28 to 40, wherein the crystallization conditions in the step (5) include: the crystallization temperature is 110-200 ℃, the crystallization pressure is autogenous pressure, and the crystallization time is 2-480 hours.
42. The production method according to claim 41,
the crystallization time is 0.5-10 days.
43. The method of manufacturing according to claim 41,
the crystallization temperature is 140-180 ℃.
44. The method according to claim 43, wherein,
the crystallization temperature is 160-180 ℃.
45. The production method according to claim 41,
the crystallization comprises the following steps: crystallizing at 100-130 deg.C for 0.5-1.5 days, and crystallizing at 160-180 deg.C for 1-3 days.
46. The production method according to any one of claims 8 to 26, 28 to 40, wherein the method further comprises step (6), the step (6) comprising: and (4) mixing the solid product obtained in the step (5), organic base and water, and then carrying out second crystallization.
47. The method according to claim 46, wherein,
the conditions of the second crystallization include: the second crystallization temperature is 110-200 ℃; the second crystallization time is 0.5-10 days.
48. The method of claim 47, wherein,
the conditions of the second crystallization include: the second crystallization temperature is 150-200 ℃; the second crystallization time is 1-8 days.
49. The production method according to any one of claims 8 to 26 and 28 to 40,
the method also comprises drying and roasting the solid product obtained in the step (5) and/or the second crystallized product obtained in the step (6).
50. The tin-silicon molecular sieve prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 8 to 49.
51. A cyclohexanone oximation reaction method, which comprises contacting cyclohexanone, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide with a tin-silicon molecular sieve under oximation reaction conditions, wherein the tin-silicon molecular sieve is the tin-silicon molecular sieve defined in any one of claims 1-7 and 50.
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