CN112743954A

CN112743954A - Novel composite material and composite process thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112743954A
Application number: CN202011600729.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朴成浩
Original assignee: Pu Chenghao
Current assignee: Pu Chenghao
Priority date: 2020-12-30
Filing date: 2020-12-30
Publication date: 2021-05-04

Abstract

The invention provides a novel composite material and a compounding process thereof, wherein the novel composite material comprises a structural layer, wherein the structural layer is formed by compounding a plurality of polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers layer by layer, or compounding a plurality of polyurea layers layer by layer, or compounding a plurality of polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers and a plurality of polyurea layers alternately layer by layer; a gel coat layer is compositely arranged outside the structural layer; the adhesive layer is arranged between the structural layer and the gel coat layer. On the basis of the application of the existing resin composite material, the composite material is compounded with high-density polyurethane rigid foam plastic and polyurea material through a special treatment process, and has the advantages of high gelling speed, high construction efficiency, high alkali resistance, high thermal stability, high tensile strength, light contrast weight, high strength, shortened construction time and light weight; the production process of the novel composite material does not need curing, not only simplifies the operation process, but also greatly improves the production efficiency, and can replace the repeated procedures of multilayer oil and multilayer cloth of the traditional glass fiber reinforced plastic.

Description

Novel composite material and composite process thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of materials, in particular to a novel composite material and a composite process thereof.

Background

Currently, many structural components, articles or containers that are required to withstand heavy loads, or high impacts, or complex shapes are known to use resin composites. Among them, the glass fiber reinforced plastic is a kind of composite material which is mature in the prior art and most widely used, such as large-scale parts of automobile body components, ship shells, machine outer covers, various containers, plates, sanitary wares, large relief products and the like. Resin composites are typically made by reinforcing a thermoset or thermoplastic resin matrix with chopped or continuous fibers and fabrics thereof, and compounding. However, in order to achieve a sufficiently high strength of the resin composite material, the number of layers of the composite layer is large, and the curing time of the resin for the composite material is generally long, and a resin composite product with a thickness of 100 mm generally requires 7 to 10 days from the compounding to the completion of the finished product.

Polyurethane is a short name for polyurethane, and all high molecular compounds containing many repeating-NHCOO-groups in the main chain of the high molecular compound are called polyurethane. Generally, polyurethanes are obtained by the interaction of di-or polyisocyanates with polyol compounds, or polyether polyols, or polyester polyols. The rigid polyurethane foam is generally obtained by reacting a black material containing a binary or polyvalent isocyanate with a white material containing a polyether or polyester polyol, a catalyst, a foam stabilizer, a flame retardant, a foaming agent, etc., and is referred to as rigid polyurethane foam for short. Since its development in world war ii, the first use in military industry, the beginning of the twentieth century and fifties, and the rapid development of rigid polyurethane foams in the early sixties. The polyurethane hard foam not only has the advantages of light weight, high strength and the like, but also can be continuously sprayed and molded layer by layer within 30 seconds to form a polyurethane hard foam layer from a few tenths of millimeters to dozens of millimeters, and the polyurethane hard foam reinforced by the reinforcing material has excellent toughness and impact resistance.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the problems pointed out in the background art, the invention provides a novel composite material and a composite process thereof.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

the utility model provides a novel composite material which characterized in that, includes the structural layer, the structural layer is formed by the multiple layer polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer successive layer complex, or is formed by the multiple layer polyurea layer successive layer complex, or is formed by the multiple layer polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer and the multiple layer polyurea layer each other alternate successive layer complex.

Preferably, a gel coat layer is arranged outside the structural layer in a compounding manner, and the thickness of the gel coat layer is 0.1-2 mm.

Preferably, an adhesive layer is compositely arranged between the structural layer and the gel coat layer, the adhesive layer is composed of an adhesive layer, or a reinforced fiber resin material lamination layer, or a fiber cloth resin material lamination layer, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.1-2mm, and the thickness of the adhesive layer is 100-200 μm.

Preferably, at least one layer of reinforcing fiber material layer is compounded between every two polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers, or between every two polyurea layers, or between the polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers and the polyurea layers.

A novel composite material compounding process comprises any one of the novel composite material compounding processes, and the compounding process comprises a structural layer compounding process, a gel coat layer compounding process and a bonding layer compounding process.

Preferably, the structural layer compounding process comprises a multilayer polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer-by-layer compounding process, a multilayer polyurea layer-by-layer compounding process and a multilayer polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer and polyurea layer-by-layer mutually alternating compounding process;

the layer-by-layer compounding process of the multilayer polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers comprises the following steps: cutting the fiber reinforced material meeting the spraying process performance into fixed length by using spraying equipment and a fiber cutter, scattering the fiber reinforced material by virtue of centrifugal inertia, mixing the scattered fiber reinforced material with the sprayed rigid polyurethane foam plastic to form rigid polyurethane foam plastic layers, controlling the thickness of each rigid polyurethane foam plastic layer to be between 0.5 and 2.0mm, and spraying layer by layer; the construction operation conditions are that the temperature is 16-28 ℃, the relative humidity is lower than 80%, and the same environmental temperature is always kept in the whole construction operation process;

the layer-by-layer compounding process of the multiple polyurea layers comprises the following steps: cutting the fiber reinforced material meeting the spraying process performance into fixed length by using spraying equipment and a fiber cutter, mixing the fiber reinforced material with the sprayed polyurea material after being scattered by centrifugal inertia to form a polyurea layer, controlling the thickness of each polyurea layer to be 0.5-2.0mm, spraying layer by layer, wherein the construction operation conditions are that the temperature is 16-28 ℃, the relative humidity is lower than 80%, and the same environmental temperature is always kept in the whole construction operation process;

the process for alternately compounding the multiple polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers and the multiple polyurea layers layer by layer comprises the following steps: the fiber reinforced material meeting the spraying process performance is cut into fixed length by respectively using spraying equipment and a fiber cutter, the fiber reinforced material is scattered by centrifugal inertia and then is respectively mixed with the sprayed rigid polyurethane foam plastic or polyurea material to form rigid polyurethane foam plastic layers or polyurea layers, the thickness of each rigid polyurethane foam plastic layer is controlled to be 0.5-2.0mm, the thickness of each polyurea layer is controlled to be 0.5-2.0mm, the rigid polyurethane foam plastic layers and the polyurea layers are alternately sprayed layer by layer, the construction operation condition is that the temperature is 16-28 ℃, the relative humidity is lower than 80 percent, and the same environmental temperature is always kept in the whole construction operation process.

Preferably, the gel coat layer compounding process comprises the following steps: and (3) performing gel coat coating, gelling and curing on the mold coated with the release agent by adopting a gel coat spraying machine spraying or manual brushing mode to form a gel coat layer, wherein the thickness of the gel coat layer is 0.1-2.0mm, the construction operation condition is that the temperature is 16-28 ℃, the relative humidity is lower than 80%, and the same environmental temperature is always kept in the whole construction operation process.

Preferably, the bonding layer compounding process comprises an adhesive layer compounding process, a fiber reinforced resin material lamination compounding process and a fiber cloth resin material lamination compounding process;

the adhesive layer compounding process comprises the following steps: coating the adhesive on the gel coat layer by a coating or spraying method, gelling and curing, wherein the thickness of the adhesive layer is 100-200 mu m;

the lamination compounding process of the fiber reinforced resin material comprises the following steps: cutting the fiber reinforced material into fixed length by adopting spraying equipment and a fiber cutter, scattering the reinforced fiber by virtue of centrifugal inertia, and forming a fiber reinforced resin material lamination with the sprayed resin raw material;

the lamination compounding process of the fiber cloth resin material comprises the following steps: after the gel coat layer is cured, coating the bonding layer with resin under the condition that the surface is not sticky, coating a layer of resin, laying a layer of fiber cloth, removing air bubbles, and laminating layer by layer to form a fiber cloth resin material lamination.

Preferably, the polyurea material consists of two components of a material A and a material R;

the material A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of polyisocyanate, 0-40 parts of oligomer polyol and 0-30 parts of viscosity reducer;

the material R comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-100 parts of oligomer polyol, 0-30 parts of chain extender, 0-10 parts of cross-linking agent, 0-5 parts of catalyst, 0-1 part of organosilicon coupling agent, 0-3 parts of antioxidant, 0-3 parts of ultraviolet absorbent, 0-30 parts of flame retardant, 0-5 parts of pigment and 0-30 parts of filler.

Preferably, the resin raw material is unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, furan resin, polybutadiene resin or organic silicon resin.

In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the novel composite material provided by the invention is compounded with high-density polyurethane rigid foam plastic and polyurea material through a special treatment process on the basis of the application of the existing resin composite material, and has the advantages of high gelling speed, high construction efficiency, high alkali resistance, high thermal stability, high tensile strength, light contrast weight, high strength, shortened construction time and light weight; the production process of the novel composite material does not need curing, not only simplifies the operation process, but also greatly improves the production efficiency, and can replace the repeated procedures of multilayer oil and multilayer cloth of the traditional glass fiber reinforced plastic.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention in which a structural layer, a gel coat layer and an adhesive layer are combined;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of example 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of example 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of example 5 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of example 6 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a structure of a reinforcing fiber resin material mat according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the fiber cloth resin material laminate of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. a structural layer; 101. a polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer; 102. a polyurea layer; 2. a gel coat layer; 3. a bonding layer; 301. a reinforcing fiber resin material layer; 302. laminating fiber cloth resin materials; 4. a layer of reinforcing fiber material.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention is described below with reference to fig. 1-9:

example 1:

as shown in fig. 1, the novel composite material only comprises a structural layer, and the structural layer can be formed by compounding multiple polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers layer by layer in the manufacturing process; or is formed by compounding a plurality of polyurea layers layer by layer; or is formed by mutually and alternately compounding multiple polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers and multiple polyurea layers layer by layer.

The polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer is polyurethane rigid foam plastic with the density of 80-300kg/m 3; the polyurea layer was a microcellular elastomeric polyurea having a density of 100-990kg/m 3.

The layer-by-layer compounding process of the multilayer polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers comprises the following steps: cutting the fiber reinforced material meeting the spraying process performance into fixed length by using spraying equipment and a fiber cutter, scattering the fiber reinforced material by centrifugal inertia, and mixing the scattered fiber reinforced material with the sprayed rigid polyurethane foam plastic to form a rigid polyurethane foam plastic layer; the thickness of each layer of polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer is controlled between 0.5mm and 2.0mm, and the polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer is sprayed layer by layer to reach the specified thickness of the composite material.

Construction operating conditions are as follows: the temperature is 16-28 ℃, the relative humidity is lower than 80%, and the same environmental temperature is always kept in the whole construction operation process. The curing time for spraying the rigid polyurethane foam layer is generally 1 to 10 minutes, that is, the time interval between each layer when the rigid polyurethane foam layer is sprayed is about 1 to 10 minutes.

The layer-by-layer compounding process of the multiple polyurea layers comprises the following steps: cutting the fiber reinforced material meeting the spraying process performance into fixed length by using spraying equipment and a fiber cutter, scattering the fiber reinforced material by means of centrifugal inertia, and mixing the fiber reinforced material with the sprayed polyurea material to form a polyurea layer; the thickness of each polyurea layer is controlled between 0.5mm and 2.0mm, and the polyurea layer is sprayed layer by layer to reach the specified thickness of the composite material.

Construction operating conditions are as follows: the temperature is 16-28 ℃, the relative humidity is lower than 80%, and the same environmental temperature is always kept in the whole construction operation process. Typically, the polyurea layer is sprayed for a curing time of 1 to 10 minutes, i.e., the polyurea layer is sprayed with a time interval of about 1 to 10 minutes between each layer.

The process for alternately compounding the multiple polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers and the multiple polyurea layers layer by layer comprises the following steps: respectively cutting the fiber reinforced material meeting the spraying process performance into fixed length by using spraying equipment and a fiber cutter, and respectively mixing the dispersed fiber reinforced material with the sprayed rigid polyurethane foam plastic or polyurea material by virtue of centrifugal inertia to form a rigid polyurethane foam plastic layer or a polyurea layer; the thickness of each polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer is controlled to be 0.5-2.0mm, the thickness of each polyurea layer is controlled to be 0.5-2.0mm, the polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers and the polyurea layers are alternately sprayed layer by layer to reach the specified thickness of the composite material, and particularly, the outermost layer is preferably the polyurea layer.

Construction operating conditions are as follows: the temperature is 16-28 ℃, the relative humidity is lower than 80%, and the same environmental temperature is always kept in the whole construction operation process. The curing time of the spray polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer or polyurea layer is generally 1 to 10 minutes.

Example 2:

as shown in fig. 2, a novel composite material comprises a structural layer, wherein the structural layer can be formed by compounding multiple polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers layer by layer in the manufacturing process; or is formed by compounding a plurality of polyurea layers layer by layer; or is formed by mutually and alternately compounding multiple polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers and multiple polyurea layers layer by layer.

And a gel coat layer is added on the basis of the structural layer, namely the gel coat layer is arranged outside the structural layer in a compounding way, and the thickness of the gel coat layer is 0.1-2 mm. The gel coat layer is a surface coating which is formed by mixing unsaturated resin, thixotropic agent and other additives, endows the surface of the composite material product with beautiful appearance, aging resistance, contamination resistance and corrosion resistance and plays a role in protecting the composite material product.

The process for the composition of the structural layers was the same as in example 1.

The compounding process of the gel coat layer comprises the following steps: coating, gelling and curing the gel coat on the mold coated with the release agent by adopting a gel coat spraying machine spraying or manual brushing mode to form a gel coat layer; the thickness of the gel coat layer is 0.1-2.0 mm.

Construction operating conditions are as follows: 16-28 ℃ and the relative humidity is lower than 80 percent. And the same environmental temperature should be kept all the time in the whole process of the construction operation; the curing time of the gel coat layer is different according to the type of gel coat resin, the thickness of the gel coat layer and the operating environment conditions; typically, a 1mm thick gel coat layer cures for about 1 to 3 hours.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, 8 and 9, an adhesive layer is formed between the structural layer and the gel coat layer, and the adhesive layer is composed of an adhesive layer, a reinforced fiber resin material layer, or a fiber cloth resin material layer. The thickness of the bonding layer is 0.1-2 mm.

The combined structure layer can be formed by compounding multiple polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers layer by layer; or is formed by compounding a plurality of polyurea layers layer by layer; or a structure of three modes, such as a structure in which a plurality of polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers and a plurality of polyurea layers are alternately compounded layer by layer, can realize the embodiment 3, the embodiment 4, the embodiment 5 and the embodiment 6.

The compounding process of the adhesive layer comprises the following steps: coating the adhesive on the gel coat layer by brushing or spraying, and gelling and curing. The thickness of the adhesive layer is 100-200 mu m, the thickness of the adhesive layer must be uniformly coated, so that no coating leakage area is ensured, the white leakage phenomenon cannot occur, the coating thickness cannot be too thick, and the coating thickness is not easy to cure. The normal temperature curing time of the adhesive is generally 2-12 hours, and the adhesive has larger difference according to different environmental temperatures and humidity.

The composite process of the reinforced fiber resin material lamination comprises the following steps: the reinforced fiber is cut into fixed length by adopting spraying equipment and a fiber cutter, the reinforced fiber is scattered by centrifugal inertia and then forms a reinforced fiber resin material lamination with the sprayed resin raw material, as shown in figure 8, the thickness of each layer is controlled between 0.1 mm and 1.0mm, the layer is not suitable for being coated too thick, and the layers are laminated until the specified design thickness is reached. The thickness of the laminated layer of the reinforcing fiber resin material is generally 0.1 to 2.0 mm.

The composite process of the fiber cloth resin material lamination comprises the following steps: after the gel coat layer is cured, the resin coating of the bonding layer is started under the condition that the surface is not sticky, a layer of resin is coated, then a layer of fiber cloth is laid, air bubbles are removed, and the fiber cloth and the resin material are laminated layer by layer until the specified design thickness is reached as shown in figure 9. The thickness of the fiber cloth resin material lamination is generally 0.1-2.0 mm.

Example 3:

as shown in fig. 4, a novel composite material comprises a structural layer, wherein the structural layer is formed by alternately compounding multiple polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers and multiple polyurea layers layer by layer; a gel coat layer is compositely arranged outside the structural layer; the adhesive layer is compounded between the structural layer and the gel coat layer and consists of an adhesive layer, a reinforced fiber resin material lamination layer or a fiber cloth resin material lamination layer.

Wherein the polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer is compounded on the bonding layer.

The compounding process of the structural layer, the bonding layer and the gel coat layer is the same as that of the above.

Example 4:

as shown in fig. 5, a novel composite material comprises a structural layer, wherein the structural layer is formed by alternately compounding multiple polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers and multiple polyurea layers layer by layer; a gel coat layer is compositely arranged outside the structural layer; the adhesive layer is compounded between the structural layer and the gel coat layer and consists of an adhesive layer, a reinforced fiber resin material lamination layer or a fiber cloth resin material lamination layer.

Wherein the polyurea layer is compounded on the bonding layer.

Example 5:

as shown in fig. 6, the novel composite material comprises a structural layer, wherein the structural layer is formed by compounding a plurality of polyurea layers layer by layer; a gel coat layer is compositely arranged outside the structural layer; the adhesive layer is compounded between the structural layer and the gel coat layer and consists of an adhesive layer, a reinforced fiber resin material lamination layer or a fiber cloth resin material lamination layer.

Example 6:

as shown in fig. 7, the novel composite material comprises a structural layer, wherein the structural layer is formed by compounding a plurality of polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers layer by layer; a gel coat layer is compositely arranged outside the structural layer; the adhesive layer is compounded between the structural layer and the gel coat layer and consists of an adhesive layer, a reinforced fiber resin material lamination layer or a fiber cloth resin material lamination layer.

Example 7:

the other structures in examples 1 to 6 were not changed, and the structure layers were changed. At least one layer of reinforced fiber material layer is compounded between every two polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers; or at least one layer of reinforced fiber material layer is compounded between every two polyurea layers; or at least one layer of reinforced fiber material is compounded between the polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer and the polyurea layer.

In examples 1 to 7, the polyurethane rigid foam of the structural layer was a two-component reactive type material, which was divided into a white material component and a black material component. The density of the formed polyurethane rigid foam plastic is controlled to be 50-1000kg/m by adjusting the proportion of each component in the white material component and the black material component³In the meantime.

The white material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyester polyol, 0-5 parts of surfactant, 0-20 parts of flame retardant, 0.1-6 parts of catalyst, 0-2 parts of water and 0-30 parts of foaming agent.

The black material component adopts polymeric polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate or toluene diisocyanate with the content of isocyanic acid radical of 10-32%.

The polyurea material consists of two components of a material A and a material R;

The oligomer polyol should be an oligomer polyol with terminal primary hydroxyl, and one or more of polyethylene glycol ether, polypropylene glycol ether, polypentaerythritol ether, polytetrahydrofuran glycol, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, poly-caprolactone, polyester polyol and one or more copolymers thereof can be used.

The oligomeric polyol may be replaced by an oligomeric polyamine. The oligomer polyamine should be selected from oligomer polyamine with terminal amine group, and can be selected from polyoxypropylene diamine, polyoxypropylene triamine, such as polyether amine D-2000, T-3000, D-4000, T-5000 series, or amino-terminated polyether A621-1, A621-2, A621-3, A621-5 series, and one or more of the above copolymers.

The viscosity reducer can be one or more of lactones, acetates, carbonates, ether alcohols, thioether oxide, phthalate plasticizers, and the like.

The chain extender can be selected from aromatic amine chain extenders, such as one or more of dimethylthiotoluenediamine, diethyltoluenediamine, 4 '-dibutylendiaminodiphenylmethane, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane, 3 '-dichloro-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane, etc.; aliphatic amine chain extenders, such as triethanolamine; small molecular alcohol chain extenders such as one or more of 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, etc. can also be selected; mixtures of two or more of the above classes of chain extenders may also be selected.

The cross-linking agent may be low molecular weight polyoxypropylene triethanolamine, such as trimethylolpropane.

The catalyst can be selected from metal salts of IV and V main group metal elements in the periodic table of elements, or various amine catalysts, such as one or more of dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, triethylene diamine, etc.

The organosilicon coupling agent can be aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

The antioxidant can be hindered phenol or phosphite ester antioxidant.

The ultraviolet absorbent can be benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbent.

The flame retardant can be one or more of phosphate liquid flame retardants containing more phosphorus elements, such as dimethyl methyl phosphate, 3-beta-chloropropyl phosphate, 3-dichloropropyl phosphate and the like; or bromine compounds containing more bromine elements such as dibromophenyl polyol, tribromophenyl alcohol and the like are selected as liquid flame retardants; or solid flame retardants such as aluminum hydroxide, zinc borate and antimony trioxide are selected.

The pigment can be selected from filling pigments such as talcum powder, calcium carbonate, argil, mica, asbestos, ink fine sand, silica containing diatomite, alumina, barite and the like; or selecting white pigment such as non-powdered rutile type titanium dioxide, lithopone, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, etc.; or selecting natural pigment such as iron oxide red, calcined iron oxide brown, ochre, raw loess, calcined loess, and brown pigment; or synthetic inorganic pigment such as zinc yellow, hydrated iron yellow, iron oxide red, iron brown, complex green, copper orange, etc.; or insoluble azo dyes such as toluidine red, fast yellow and the like are selected to synthesize organic pigments; or acid azo dyes such as Lisoer red, permanent red and the like are selected to synthesize organic pigments; or phthalocyanine dyes such as phthalocyanine green and phthalocyanine blue are selected to synthesize organic pigments; or selecting inorganic black pigment such as synthetic ferric oxide and antimony sulfide; or black pigment such as carbon black with carbon content of more than 99% such as furnace black, thermal black, smoke black, etc.

The filler may be selected from the fibrous reinforcement of the present invention.

The polyisocyanate can be selected from one or more of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate, blending, polyether modification, carbodiimide modification, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 3-isocyanatomethylene-3, 5-trimethylcyclohexyl diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, naphthalene-1, 5-diisocyanate, methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, biuret triisocyanate, TDI trimer, HDI trimer, IPDI trimer, TDI-HDI mixed trimer and one or more of the above copolymers or derivatives.

In examples 2 to 6, the mold release agent can be selected from film type mold release agents such as cellophane, polyester film, polyethylene film, polyvinyl chloride film, fluoroplastic film, etc., solution type mold release agents such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, metal salts of carboxylic acids, ketones, amides, halogenated hydrocarbons, silicone rubber, silicone oil, etc., or paste and wax type mold release agents such as silicone ester, HK-50 heat resistant ointment, cylinder oil, paraffin wax, etc.

In examples 3 to 6, the resin raw material was set to an unsaturated polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, a furan resin, a polybutadiene resin, or a silicone resin. According to different uses and requirements of the composite material, different resin raw materials or two or more resin raw materials are selected for synthesis. For example, the epoxy resin composite material has good anticorrosion effect but higher cost; the unsaturated polyester resin composite material has low cost, but the anticorrosive effect is not as good as that of the epoxy resin composite material; the phenolic resin composite material has good alkali resistance, but has crisp property, low strength and poor mechanical property; the melamine formaldehyde resin composite material has excellent heat resistance and electrical insulation; the furan resin composite material is resistant to strong acid, except nitric acid and sulfuric acid with strong oxidizing property, and is stable at high temperature due to the corrosion of strong alkali and organic solvent; the polybutadiene resin composite material has excellent electrical property, better bending strength and excellent water resistance; after the organic silicon resin composite material is continuously used for a long time in the temperature range of 200-250 ℃, the excellent electrical property can still be maintained, and meanwhile, the organic silicon resin composite material also has good electric arc resistance and hydrophobic and moisture-proof properties.

The adhesive is acrylic acid polyurethane adhesive, alpha-cyanoacrylate adhesive or magnesium oxychloride adhesive.

The fiber reinforced material is one or more of various fibers with or without surface treatment, such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber, mineral fiber, basalt fiber, cotton, nylon, asbestos, ramie, sisal, fiber mat, fiber fabric, twistless roving fabric, twisted cloth, chopped fiber mat, asbestos cloth, or milled fiber.

The fibrous reinforcement may be replaced by a filler reinforcement. The filler reinforcing material can be glass bead filler or flaky filler; or whiskers made of metal oxides of silicon carbide, boron nitride, alumina, graphite, beryllium, and the like; or inorganic fillers such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, basic aluminum sulfate, alumina, titanium oxide, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, antimony trioxide, magnesium oxide, hydrated alumina, white carbon black, talc powder, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, mica powder, calcium silicate, cast stone powder, aluminum silicate, or magnesium silicate; or an organic type filler; or an inert filler; or one or more of the active fillers.

According to different purposes and requirements of the composite material and different operation processes, different reinforcing materials are selected. If the spray forming process is adopted, the twistless roving for spraying can be selected to be suitable for spray forming; when the hand lay-up forming process is adopted, twistless roving fabric, fiber bonding sheets, fiber fabric, twisted cloth and the like can be selected.

The application is on the yacht casing specifically:

manufacturing a yacht mould according to design requirements, and carrying out demoulding wax or demoulding agent treatment on the mould. After the mold is coated with the release wax or the release agent, the gel coat is sprayed by using gel coat spraying equipment. The thickness of the gel coat layer is designed to be 0.5mm, the spraying is carried out for three times, the spraying thickness of each time is controlled to be 0.15-0.17mm, and the other layer of gel coat can be sprayed after the first layer of gel coat is solidified. The curing time of the gel coat layer is about 30 minutes at normal temperature.

And (4) after the gel coat layer is solidified, constructing the bonding layer under the condition that the surface is not sticky. The glass fiber roving is cut into fixed length by adopting spraying equipment and a fiber cutter, and is scattered by virtue of centrifugal inertia to form a glass fiber reinforced plastic layer with the sprayed unsaturated polyester resin raw material, wherein the thickness of a bonding layer is 1.2-1.5 mm. In the operation process, spraying is carried out in multiple layers, the spraying thickness of each layer is controlled within 0.2mm, and after one layer is sprayed, the next layer is continuously sprayed after the resin is cured and qualified. Under normal temperature, the curing time of the bonding layer is about 24 hours.

After the bonding layer is completely cured, the fiber reinforced material meeting the spraying process performance is cut into fixed length by using spraying equipment and a fiber cutter, and the fixed length is scattered by means of centrifugal inertia and then mixed with the sprayed polyurethane rigid foam plastic or polyurea material to form a polyurethane rigid foam layer or a polyurea layer. Adopt the hard foam plastic layer of polyurethane and polyurea layer successive layer spraying composite forming process of each other in turn, spray the polyurea layer that 1mm is thick on the tie coat earlier, spout the hard foam plastic layer of polyurethane that 1mm is thick again, do not spray the polyurea layer that thickness is 1mm successive layer again, the hard foam plastic layer of polyurethane, polyurea layer, the hard foam plastic layer of polyurethane, the polyurea layer of polyurethane, the hard foam plastic layer of polyurethane, spray one deck polyurea layer at last, then the thickness of this structural layer is about 9 mm. Under normal temperature, the curing time of the structural layer is about 90 minutes.

Then, the total thickness of the yacht shell made of the novel composite material is about 11 mm. And demolding after the yacht shell reaches demolding strength. And then assembling and repairing according to design requirements to finish the manufacture of the yacht or the fishing boat. The whole manufacturing process of the yacht shell takes about 30 hours. In the whole process of manufacturing the yacht or the fishing boat, the temperature of the operating environment is controlled to be about 25 ℃, and the humidity range is controlled to be 40-60%.

The method is particularly applied to the simulated big tree:

according to the design requirements, a silica gel film of the bark of the big tree is manufactured, and a release agent is coated in the mold. And spraying the polyurea material in the mold by using high-pressure spraying equipment, controlling the polyurea layer to be about 2mm, and finishing the polyurea layer by spraying for four times, wherein the thickness of each spraying is about 0.5 mm. And after the polyurea layer is solidified, spraying the polyurethane rigid foam plastic on the polyurea layer by using high-pressure spraying equipment, wherein the thickness of the polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer is controlled to be about 1cm, the polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer is sprayed twice, and the thickness of each spraying is about 5 mm.

In the application, a fiber reinforcing material is not added in the polyurea material and the polyurethane rigid foam material. When the requirement for the impact resistance or weather resistance of the big tree is high, the polyurea material and the polyurethane rigid foam material are constructed, and simultaneously, the reinforced fiber is scattered by a fiber cutter or a fiber automatic cutting and spraying forming machine and then mixed with the sprayed polyurethane rigid foam plastic or polyurea material to form a polyurethane rigid foam layer or polyurea layer.

And demolding after the bark of the big tree reaches demolding strength. Trimming, combining and bonding are carried out according to design requirements, then the bark model is wrapped on the built or welded support, and the inner space of the big tree is filled with the polyurethane hard foam so as to enhance the strength of the big tree. After the branches, leaves, twigs and the like are installed or manufactured, the appearance of the big tree is colored. And finishing the production of the simulation big tree.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a novel composite material which characterized in that, includes the structural layer, the structural layer is formed by the multiple layer polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer successive layer complex, or is formed by the multiple layer polyurea layer successive layer complex, or is formed by the multiple layer polyurethane rigid foam plastic layer and the multiple layer polyurea layer each other alternate successive layer complex.

2. The novel composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein a gel coat layer is compositely disposed on the outer side of the structural layer, and the thickness of the gel coat layer is 0.1-2 mm.

3. The novel composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein an adhesive layer is formed between the structural layer and the gel coat layer, the adhesive layer is composed of an adhesive layer, a reinforced fiber resin material layer, or a fiber cloth resin material layer, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.1-2mm, and the thickness of the adhesive layer is 100-200 μm.

4. The novel composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one layer of reinforcing fiber material is laminated between two polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers, or between two polyurea layers, or between the polyurethane rigid foam plastic layers and the polyurea layers.

5. A novel composite material compounding process, which is characterized by comprising the novel composite material compounding process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the compounding process comprises a structural layer compounding process, a gel coat layer compounding process and a bonding layer compounding process.

6. The novel composite material compounding process of claim 5, wherein the structural layer compounding process comprises a multi-layer rigid polyurethane foam plastic layer-by-layer compounding process, a multi-layer polyurea layer-by-layer compounding process, and a multi-layer rigid polyurethane foam plastic layer and a multi-layer polyurea layer mutually alternate layer-by-layer compounding process;

7. The novel composite material compounding process of claim 5, wherein the gel coat layer compounding process is as follows: and (3) performing gel coat coating, gelling and curing on the mold coated with the release agent by adopting a gel coat spraying machine spraying or manual brushing mode to form a gel coat layer, wherein the thickness of the gel coat layer is 0.1-2.0mm, the construction operation condition is that the temperature is 16-28 ℃, the relative humidity is lower than 80%, and the same environmental temperature is always kept in the whole construction operation process.

8. The novel composite material compounding process of claim 5, wherein the bonding layer compounding process comprises an adhesive layer compounding process, a fiber reinforced resin material lamination compounding process, and a fiber cloth resin material lamination compounding process;

9. The novel composite material compounding process of claim 6, wherein the polyurea material is composed of two components of a material A and a material R;

10. The novel composite material compounding process of claim 8, wherein the resin raw material is unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, furan resin, polybutadiene resin, or silicone resin.