CN112742603A - Automatic control method for wet-type electric precipitator of thermal power generating unit - Google Patents

Automatic control method for wet-type electric precipitator of thermal power generating unit Download PDF

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CN112742603A
CN112742603A CN202011451729.2A CN202011451729A CN112742603A CN 112742603 A CN112742603 A CN 112742603A CN 202011451729 A CN202011451729 A CN 202011451729A CN 112742603 A CN112742603 A CN 112742603A
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wet
electric dust
dust collector
operation parameters
outlet
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CN112742603B (en
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苏志刚
孙雨歌
王培红
郝勇生
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Southeast University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
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Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic control method for a wet-type electric precipitator of a thermal power generating unit, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a dynamic characteristic model through a wet electric precipitator disturbance test; respectively reading the operation parameters of the unit, the operation parameters of the wet electric dust remover and the operation parameters of the preceding stage dry electric dust remover; calculating a feedforward regulating instruction for regulating secondary current and/or secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the dry electric dust collector and the operation parameters of the wet electric dust collector; sending a feedback regulation instruction of secondary current and/or secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the unit and the operation parameters of the wet electric dust collector; and adjusting the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage according to the feedforward adjusting instruction and the feedback adjusting instruction, so as to realize the closed-loop automatic control of the wet-type electric dust collector. The embodiment of the invention has better anti-interference capability and energy-saving effect, and can realize the closed-loop automatic control of the wet electric dust remover.

Description

Automatic control method for wet-type electric precipitator of thermal power generating unit
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal power unit dust removal environmental protection control, and particularly relates to an automatic control method for a wet-type electric precipitator of a thermal power unit.
Background
Thermal power generation accounts for 73 percent of the power generation proportion of China, and is the most power generation mode, but a coal-fired power station inevitably discharges pollutants such as smoke dust and the like, and the atmospheric environment of China is influenced. Electrostatic dust collection is one of the technologies for effectively restraining smoke dust pollution of a thermal power plant, and is widely applied at present. Along with the country to the constantly improvement of environmental protection standard, electrostatic precipitator discharges the concentration and also requires the step-down, and the reduction of electrostatic precipitator discharge concentration requires the electrostatic precipitator to increase and handles to lead to the promotion of electrostatic precipitator station power. Generally, the power consumption of the electric dust collector needs to be 3-5% of the power consumption of the power plant, so the energy-saving problem of the electric dust collector causes the attention of workers in the power plant.
At present, the structures of domestic electric dust removal systems are mostly from dry-type electric dust removers, desulfurization spray towers and wet-type electric dust removers. The wet electric dust collector is directly related to the smoke outlet concentration index of environmental protection examination, and is very important. Meanwhile, the wet-type electric dust collector is also the one most affected by various parameters of the preceding stage, and the electric dust collection system is a complex cascade nonlinear system affected by multivariable, and a mechanism model is difficult to establish and cannot be regulated and controlled through the mechanism model. Under the above situation, how to estimate the disturbance amount and perform feedforward compensation according to the known information of the preceding stage link is an important starting point for solving the problem of large concentration disturbance amount of the outlet of the wet electric precipitation. Although the idea of energy-saving optimization and control of outlet concentration of an electric dust collector is already proposed, the electric dust collector of the current thermal power plant generally adopts an open-loop control method, and operators regulate and control parameters such as secondary voltage/current of an electric field in real time through experience. Therefore, closed-loop feedback control considering outlet concentration is an urgent solution for wet electric dust removal systems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides the automatic control method for the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit, which adopts a control framework combining feedforward compensation and feedback regulation, can ensure better anti-interference capability and energy-saving effect, and realizes the closed-loop automatic control of the wet-type electric precipitator.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides an automatic control method for a wet-type electric precipitator of a thermal power generating unit, which comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a dynamic characteristic model through a disturbance test of the wet electric precipitator;
s2, respectively reading the operation parameters of the unit, the wet electric dust collector and the pre-stage dry electric dust collector;
s3, calculating a feedforward adjusting instruction for adjusting secondary current and/or secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the dry electric dust remover and the operation parameters of the wet electric dust remover;
s4, sending a feedback adjustment instruction of secondary current and/or secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the unit and the operation parameters of the wet electric dust collector;
and S5, adjusting the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage according to the feedforward adjusting instruction and the feedback adjusting instruction, and realizing the closed-loop automatic control of the wet electric dust collector.
Preferably, through wet-type electrostatic precipitator disturbance test, obtain the dynamic characteristic model, specifically include:
obtaining model parameters by adopting a test modeling method, and establishing a transfer function model of the secondary current of the high-frequency power supply of the wet electric dust remover to the smoke concentration of the wet electric dust removal outlet, wherein the model is selected from one of the following formulas (1) or (2):
Figure BDA0002827299410000031
Figure BDA0002827299410000032
in the formulae (1) and (2), Cw(s) represents the concentration of the smoke dust at the outlet of the wet electric dust removal; i isw(s) represents the average value of the secondary currents of all high-frequency power supplies of the wet electric dust remover; gw(s) an open-loop transfer function model of wet electrostatic precipitation, where s is LaplacianA gaussian operator; k, T1，T2T, tau is the model parameter of the transfer function model, K is the transfer function gain, T1、T2T is an inertia time constant, and τ is a time lag constant.
Preferably, the operating parameters of the unit include a unit load; the operation parameters of the wet electric dust remover comprise secondary current and secondary voltage of the wet electric dust remover and smoke concentration at an electric dust removal outlet; the operation parameters of the dry electric dust remover comprise the smoke concentration of the dry electric dust removal outlet.
Preferably, the calculating the feedforward adjustment instruction for adjusting the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the dry electric precipitator and the operation parameters of the wet electric precipitator specifically includes:
s301, collecting concentration signal y at electric dust removal outlet of dry dust collectordAnd outlet concentration signal y of electric dust remover of wet dust removerw(ii) a Outlet concentration y of dry electric dust collectordWhen the change is large, and the wet electric dust remover operates under a stable working condition, the wet electric dust remover is subjected to test modeling to obtain a concentration signal y of an electric dust removal outlet of the dry electric dust removerdTransfer function G to concentration interference d of wet-type electric precipitation outletdThe transfer function structure of which is
Figure BDA0002827299410000033
S302, according to a feedforward equation GffdRealizing accurate feedforward compensation;
s303, adding GffdAnd writing the transfer function equation into a control program of the application server, calculating the control action quantity of the electric field feedforward control link as a feedforward regulation instruction, and transmitting the control action quantity to the high-frequency power supply of the wet dust collector and the control system of the wet dust collector.
Preferably, the feed forward equation GffdThe specific equation is as follows:
situation one, when
Figure BDA0002827299410000041
Then
Figure BDA0002827299410000042
In the second case
Figure BDA0002827299410000043
Then
Figure BDA0002827299410000044
In general
Figure BDA0002827299410000045
Can also be selected as
Figure BDA0002827299410000046
The outlet concentration y of the dry electric dust collector at the front stage can be eliminated at the steady statedConcentration y of wet-type electric precipitation outletwThe interference generated;
in the formulae (3) and (4), GffdRepresenting the feed-forward regulation transfer function, GdRepresenting the disturbance transfer function, GwModel representing transfer function of wet electric dust removal, KdK denotes a gain constant, Gw、T1T, s, and τ are the same as in the formulae (1) and (2), and T isdRepresenting the constant of inertia time, τdRepresenting a time lag constant.
Preferably, the sending of the feedback adjustment instruction of the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the unit and the operation parameters of the wet electric precipitator specifically includes:
s401, collecting outlet concentration y of wet electric dust collector from high-frequency power supply of wet electric dust collector and control system of high-frequency power supplywAcquiring unit operation parameters from a unit main control DCS (distributed control System) by using signals to obtain error items and errors y at the current momentr-calculating the controlled variable by means of a PID algorithm when the absolute value of y is greater than a set value; when error yr-when the absolute value of y is less than the set value, the feedback adjustment command remains unchanged at the current moment;
s402, determining a PID algorithm according to the machineThe operation parameters are grouped, a critical proportion method is adopted, and k in a PID algorithm is adjusted in a self-adaptive modep、ki、kdCalculating to obtain a control quantity u (k); the PID algorithm comprises two schemes of an incremental PID algorithm and a position PID algorithm.
And S403, adjusting the control quantity u (k) through a limiting value link to serve as a feedback adjustment instruction.
Preferably, the incremental PID algorithm specifically includes:
first, set the initial value u (0) kpe(0)+kie(0)+kd×0，
Second, obtain
u(1)＝u(0)+Δu(1)
＝u(0)+kp[e(1)-e(0)]+kie(1)+kd[e(1)-2e(0)+e(-1)],
Wherein the value of e (-1) is set to e (0);
a third step of obtaining u (2) ═ u (1) + Δ u (2) from the values of e (0), e (1), and e (2); and u (k) after the two steps is more than or equal to the two steps is solved according to e (k-2), e (k-1), e (k) and u (k-1).
The incremental PID algorithm is shown as the following formula:
Δu(k)＝u(k)-u(k-1)
＝kp[e(k)-e(k-1)]+kiTsame(k)+kd/Tsam[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)] (4)
in the formula (4), kpDenotes the proportionality coefficient, kiRepresenting the integral coefficient, kdRepresenting a differential coefficient, the proportional term P being kp[e(k)-e(k-1)]The integral term I is kie (k), the differential term D is kd[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)]，TsamIs the sampling time, u (k) represents the feedback control quantity of the k step, e (k) represents the systematic error term of the k step, and k represents the k time.
Preferably, the PID algorithm may also adopt a position PID algorithm, and the position PID algorithm specifically includes:
the position-based PID algorithm is shown as follows:
Figure BDA0002827299410000061
in the formula (5), kpDenotes the proportionality coefficient, kiRepresenting the integral coefficient, kdRepresenting a differential coefficient, TsamIs the sampling time, u (k) represents the feedback control quantity of the k step, e (k) represents the systematic error term of the k step, and k represents the k time.
Preferably, the critical ratio method specifically includes:
according to the actual working condition, the wet-type electric dust removal control system is put into closed-loop operation, ki、kdAre all set to 0, k is adjustedpThe value of (1) is that the concentration of the smoke dust at the outlet of the wet electric dust collector is close to the critical oscillation, and the critical proportion delta is 1/kpCritical oscillation period T1，T1The time for oscillating the smoke concentration output signal at the outlet of the wet electric dust collector back and forth once is adopted; according to delta, T1To set PID controller parameters, respectively kp＝1.78δ，ki＝0.5T1，kd＝0.125T1And further modifying according to the actual operation condition.
Compared with the prior art, the automatic control method for the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit adopts the control framework combining feedforward compensation and feedback regulation, can ensure better anti-interference capability and energy-saving effect, and realizes the closed-loop automatic control of the wet-type electric precipitator. The automatic control method for the wet electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit comprises the following steps: obtaining a dynamic characteristic model through a wet electric precipitator disturbance test; respectively reading the operation parameters of the unit, the operation parameters of the wet electric dust remover and the operation parameters of the preceding stage dry electric dust remover; calculating a feedforward regulating instruction for regulating secondary current and/or secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the dry electric dust collector and the operation parameters of the wet electric dust collector; sending a feedback regulation instruction of secondary current and/or secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the unit and the operation parameters of the wet electric dust collector; and adjusting the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage according to the feedforward adjusting instruction and the feedback adjusting instruction, so as to realize the closed-loop automatic control of the wet-type electric dust collector. The dust removal power consumption of a wet electric dust remover of the thermal power generating unit is reduced; a dynamic characteristic model of the wet electric dust collector is obtained based on a disturbance test, and on the basis, an automatic control method of the wet electric dust collector combining feedforward compensation and feedback regulation is provided, so that the problems that the system robustness is poor, the output smoke concentration oscillates and instantaneous standard exceeding occurs under the disturbance effects of large-range variable load of a unit, coal quality fluctuation, dry-electricity last-stage electrode vibration and the like are solved. And simultaneously, the energy-saving capability of the system is improved. Parameters required in modeling and control algorithms can be directly read from a main control DCS system or a power plant SIS system, expensive auxiliary equipment such as analysis or measuring instruments and the like is not required to be additionally arranged on the site, and some power plants are considered to have no smoke dust measuring points at a dry electric dust removal outlet, and in the case, measuring equipment is additionally arranged at the dry electric dust removal outlet, so that the cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an automatic control method for a wet-type electric precipitator of a thermal power generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a strategy block diagram of an automatic control method for a wet-type electric precipitator of a thermal power generating unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a specific system implementation structure diagram of the automatic control method for the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit according to the embodiment of the invention.
The figure shows that: the system comprises an operator station 1, an engineer station 2, an application server 3, a programmable logic controller 4, a dry-type electric dust collector high-frequency power supply and control system 5, a wet-type electric dust collector high-frequency power supply and control system 6, a redundant network 7, a serial port 8 and a serial port 9.
Detailed Description
The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.
As shown in fig. 1, an automatic control method for a wet electric precipitator of a thermal power generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, obtaining a dynamic characteristic model through a disturbance test of the wet electric precipitator;
s2, respectively reading the operation parameters of the unit, the wet electric dust collector and the pre-stage dry electric dust collector;
s3, calculating a feedforward adjusting instruction for adjusting secondary current and/or secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the dry electric dust remover and the operation parameters of the wet electric dust remover;
s4, sending a feedback adjustment instruction of secondary current and/or secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the unit and the operation parameters of the wet electric dust collector;
and S5, adjusting the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage according to the feedforward adjusting instruction and the feedback adjusting instruction, and realizing the closed-loop automatic control of the wet electric dust collector.
The system comprises a set, a wet electric precipitator, a preceding stage dry electric precipitator, a disturbance experiment and a model, wherein the set, the wet electric precipitator and the preceding stage dry electric precipitator are operated according to the operation parameters, the disturbance experiment and the model are combined, the high-frequency power supply secondary current and/or secondary voltage of the wet electric precipitator are automatically adjusted, the outlet smoke concentration of the wet electric precipitator is smaller than a set value, the technical effect of reducing the energy consumption of electric precipitation is achieved, a control framework combining feed-forward compensation and feedback adjustment is adopted, the anti-interference capacity and the energy-saving effect are better, and the closed-loop automatic control.
The step S3 and the step S4 correspond to an electric field feedforward control link and an electric field feedback control link of the wet electric dust remover respectively, and the two links are combined to form the automatic control method of the wet electric dust remover.
Fig. 2 shows an automatic control method for wet electric dust collector in the present embodiment, and describes a control structure of the automatic control method for wet electric dust collector. In FIG. 2, the electric field feedforward control link includes the outlet concentration y of the dry-type electric dust collectord、ydTransfer function G of concentration interference d of wet-type electric precipitation outletdFeedforward equation Gffd. The electric field feedback control link comprises outlet concentration y of the wet electric dust collectorwOutlet concentration reference instruction y of wet electric dust removerrA dead zone module, a PID algorithm module, an amplitude limiting value module,And (5) controlling operating parameters of working conditions. GwIs a model identified according to the relevant data under the current working condition.
In the automatic control method for the wet electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit according to the embodiment, preferably, the dynamic characteristic model is obtained through a disturbance test of the wet electric precipitator, and the method specifically includes:
obtaining model parameters by adopting a test modeling method, and establishing a transfer function model of the secondary current of the high-frequency power supply of the wet electric dust remover to the smoke concentration of the wet electric dust removal outlet, wherein the model is selected from one of the following formulas (1) or (2):
Figure BDA0002827299410000091
Figure BDA0002827299410000092
in the formulae (1) and (2), Cw(s) represents the concentration of the smoke dust at the outlet of the wet electric dust removal; i isw(s) represents the average value of the secondary currents of all high-frequency power supplies of the wet electric dust remover; gw(s) represents an open-loop transfer function model of wet electrostatic precipitation, where s is the laplacian operator; k, T1，T2T, tau is the model parameter of the transfer function model, K is the transfer function gain, T1、T2T is an inertia time constant, and τ is a time lag constant. In practice, either (1) or (2) is used as the identification model. The identification work content comprises two parts:
firstly, establishing a dynamic model Cw(s) of the wet electric dust collector under different operation conditions of a unit;
secondly, carrying out parameter identification on K, T1, T2, T and tau model parameters in the transfer function model, wherein identification parameter intervals are generally set as K ∈ 1, T1 ∈ [0,100], T2 ∈ [0,100], T ∈ [0,100] and τ ∈ [1,35 ].
Preferably, the operating parameters of the unit include a unit load; the operation parameters of the wet electric dust remover comprise secondary current and secondary voltage of the wet electric dust remover and smoke concentration at an electric dust removal outlet; the operation parameters of the dry electric dust remover comprise the smoke concentration of the dry electric dust removal outlet. And acquiring unit operation parameters from the unit main control DCS system and the power plant SIS system, wherein the unit operation parameters comprise unit loads and the like. The operation parameters of the wet electric dust remover and the operation parameters of the dry electric dust remover can be read from a high-frequency power supply system of the wet electric dust remover and a high-frequency power supply system of the dry electric dust remover respectively.
Preferably, the calculating the feedforward adjustment instruction for adjusting the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the dry electric precipitator and the operation parameters of the wet electric precipitator specifically includes:
s301, collecting concentration signal y at electric dust removal outlet of dry dust collectordAnd outlet concentration signal y of electric dust remover of wet dust removerw(ii) a Outlet concentration y of dry electric dust collectordWhen the change is large, and the wet electric dust remover operates under a stable working condition, the wet electric dust remover is subjected to test modeling to obtain a concentration signal y of an electric dust removal outlet of the dry electric dust removerdTransfer function G to concentration interference d of wet-type electric precipitation outletdThe transfer function structure of which is
Figure BDA0002827299410000101
S302, according to a feedforward equation GffdRealizing accurate feedforward compensation;
s303, adding GffdAnd writing the transfer function equation into a control program of the application server, calculating the control action quantity of the electric field feedforward control link as a feedforward regulation instruction, and transmitting the control action quantity to the high-frequency power supply of the wet dust collector and the control system of the wet dust collector.
In step S301, the high-frequency power of the dry dust collector and the outlet concentration y of the dry electric dust collector in the control system 5 are collecteddSignal, high-frequency power supply of wet type dust collector and outlet concentration y of wet type electric dust collector in control system 6 of high-frequency power supplywOf the signal of (1). Ensuring the secondary current and the secondary voltage of the high-frequency power supply of the wet dust collector to be unchanged and ensuring the concentration y at the outlet of the dry electric dust collectordWhen wide variation occurs (usually caused by rapping the final electric field of the dry electric dust collector)) Y is obtained by correlation identification methoddTransfer function G of concentration interference d of wet-type electric precipitation outletd，GdThe identified transfer function structure is
Figure BDA0002827299410000111
In step S303, G is addedffdThe transfer function equation is set in the application server 3, the application server 3 calculates the control action amount of the electric field feedforward control link according to the steps, transmits the control action amount to the programmable logic controller 4, and finally instructs the control action amount to act on the wet dust collector high-frequency power supply and the control system 6 thereof to adjust the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage of the wet dust collector high-frequency power supply. The electric field feedforward control link can effectively compensate the interference d on the outlet smoke concentration y of the wet electric dust collectorwThe influence of (c).
Preferably, the feed forward equation GffdThe specific equation is as follows:
situation one, when
Figure BDA0002827299410000112
Then
Figure BDA0002827299410000113
In the second case
Figure BDA0002827299410000114
Then
Figure BDA0002827299410000121
In general
Figure BDA0002827299410000122
Can also be selected as
Figure BDA0002827299410000123
The outlet concentration y of the dry electric dust collector at the front stage can be eliminated at the steady statedConcentration y of wet-type electric precipitation outletwThe interference generated;
in the formulae (3) and (4), GffdRepresenting the feed-forward regulation transfer function, GdRepresenting the disturbance transfer function, GwModel representing transfer function of wet electric dust removal, KdK denotes a gain constant, Gw、T1T, s, and τ are the same as in the formulae (1) and (2), and T isdRepresenting the constant of inertia time, τdRepresenting a time lag constant.
Preferably, the sending of the feedback adjustment instruction of the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the unit and the operation parameters of the wet electric precipitator specifically includes:
s401, collecting outlet concentration y of wet electric dust collector from high-frequency power supply of wet electric dust collector and control system 6 of high-frequency power supplywAcquiring unit operation parameters from a unit main control DCS (distributed control System) by using signals to obtain error items and errors y at the current momentr-calculating the controlled variable by means of a PID algorithm when the absolute value of y is greater than a set value; when error yr-when the absolute value of y is less than the set value, the feedback adjustment command remains unchanged at the current moment;
s402, determining a PID algorithm, and adaptively adjusting k in the PID algorithm by adopting a critical proportion method according to the unit operation parametersp、ki、kdCalculating to obtain a control quantity u (k); the PID algorithm comprises two schemes of an incremental PID algorithm and a position PID algorithm.
And S403, adjusting the control quantity u (k) through a limiting value link to serve as a feedback adjustment instruction.
In step S401, the setting value is usually a small setting value, such as 0.01; in step S402, a critical proportion method is adopted to set PID parameters, PID controller parameters under different working conditions are determined according to different unit operating conditions and the critical proportion method, the PID controller parameters are written into a PID controller, and the purpose that a system adaptively adjusts the PID parameter k according to the main control DCS unit operating parameters is achievedp、ki、kd. In step S403, considering the characteristics of the wet-type electric dust removal high-frequency power supply, the low or high secondary current is not favorable for the long-term operation of the high-frequency power supply, so that it is necessary toAnd (3) carrying out an amplitude limiting value link, adjusting the control quantity, wherein according to the characteristics of the wet-type electric dust removal high-frequency power supply, lower or higher secondary current is not beneficial to the long-term operation of the high-frequency power supply, and the lower limit and the upper limit of the amplitude limiting value link are usually set to be 150mA and 800mA respectively.
Preferably, the incremental PID algorithm specifically includes:
first, set the initial value u (0) kpe(0)+kie(0)+kd×0，
Second, obtain
u(1)＝u(0)+Δu(1)
＝u(0)+kp[e(1)-e(0)]+kie(1)+kd[e(1)-2e(0)+e(-1)],
Wherein the value of e (-1) is set to e (0);
a third step of obtaining u (2) ═ u (1) + Δ u (2) from the values of e (0), e (1), and e (2); and u (k) after the two steps is more than or equal to the two steps is solved according to e (k-2), e (k-1), e (k) and u (k-1).
The incremental PID algorithm is shown as the following formula:
Δu(k)＝u(k)-u(k-1)
＝kp[e(k)-e(k-1)]+kiTsame(k)+kd/Tsam[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)] (4)
in the formula (4), kpDenotes the proportionality coefficient, kiRepresenting the integral coefficient, kdRepresenting a differential coefficient, the proportional term P being kp[e(k)-e(k-1)]The integral term I is kie (k), the differential term D is kd[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)]，TsamIs the sampling time because of the T of the electric dust removal control systemsamOften set to 1, and herein also 1, simplifying the formulation; u (k) represents the feedback control amount of the k-th step, e (k) represents the systematic error term of the k-th step, and k represents the k-th time.
The incremental PID algorithm only takes values at nearly three moments in execution, and has the advantages of small occupied memory, small calculated amount and the like.
Preferably, the PID algorithm may also adopt a position PID algorithm, and the position PID algorithm specifically includes:
the position-based PID algorithm is shown as follows:
Figure BDA0002827299410000141
in the formula (5), kpDenotes the proportionality coefficient, kiRepresenting the integral coefficient, kdRepresenting a differential coefficient, TsamIs the sampling time, u (k) represents the feedback control quantity of the k step, e (k) represents the systematic error term of the k step, and k represents the k time.
According to the actual working condition, a position type PID algorithm can be adopted, and the position type PID algorithm has better grasp on a proportional term, an integral term and a differential term of the control action.
Preferably, the critical ratio method specifically includes:
according to the actual working condition, the wet-type electric dust removal control system is put into closed-loop operation, ki、kdAre all set to 0, k is adjustedpThe value of (1) is that the concentration of the smoke dust at the outlet of the wet electric dust collector is close to the critical oscillation, and the critical proportion delta is 1/kpCritical oscillation period T1，T1The time for oscillating the smoke concentration output signal at the outlet of the wet electric dust collector back and forth once is adopted; according to delta, T1To set PID controller parameters, respectively kp＝1.78δ，ki＝0.5T1，kd＝0.125T1And further modifying according to the actual operation condition. And determining PID controller parameters under different working conditions according to the method under different unit operating conditions, and writing the parameters into the application server 3 to realize that the system adaptively adjusts the PID parameter k according to the main control DCS unit operating parametersp、ki、kd。
Compared with the prior art, the automatic control method for the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit can reduce the dust removal power consumption of the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit; a dynamic characteristic model of the wet electric dust collector is obtained based on a disturbance test, and on the basis, an automatic control method of the wet electric dust collector combining feedforward compensation and feedback regulation is provided, so that the problems that the system robustness is poor, the output smoke concentration oscillates and instantaneous standard exceeding occurs under the disturbance effects of large-range variable load of a unit, coal quality fluctuation, dry-electricity last-stage electrode vibration and the like are solved. And simultaneously, the energy-saving capability of the system is improved. Parameters required in modeling and control algorithms can be directly read from a main control DCS system or a power plant SIS system, expensive auxiliary equipment such as analysis or measuring instruments and the like is not required to be additionally arranged on the site, and some power plants are considered to have no smoke dust measuring points at a dry electric dust removal outlet, and in the case, measuring equipment is additionally arranged at the dry electric dust removal outlet, so that the cost is low.
According to the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 3, the hardware structure mainly used for implementation is an operator station 1, an engineer station 2, an application server 3, a programmable logic controller 4, a dry type dust collector high-frequency power supply and control system 5 thereof, and a wet type dust collector high-frequency power supply and control system 6 thereof. The programmable logic controller 4 comprises the link for acquiring the dynamic characteristic model of the wet electric precipitator, the link for acquiring the operating parameters of the thermal power generating unit and the operating parameters of the dry and wet electric precipitators. The operation parameters are specifically acquired from a DCS or SIS system through communication modes such as OPC, Modbus and the like. The acquired data is filtered and then used by an automatic control system of the wet electric dust collector. The application server 3 comprises the electric field feedforward optimization control link and the electric field feedback optimization control link. Specifically, the programmable logic controller 4 is connected to the unit main control DCS system and the application server 3 so that the application server 3 obtains unit operation data from the unit main control DCS system through the programmable logic controller 4, and meanwhile, the programmable logic controller 4 is connected to the dry dust collector high-frequency power supply and control system 5 thereof and the wet dust collector high-frequency power supply and control system 6 thereof so that the application server 3 obtains dry and wet electric dust collector high-frequency power supply operation data from the dry dust collector system 5 and the wet dust collector system 6 through the programmable logic controller 4 and sends control instructions to the wet dust collector high-frequency power supply and control system 6 thereof. Therefore, the application server 3 can simultaneously acquire the unit operation data and the operation data of the dry-wet electric dust removal high-frequency power supply and the wet-wet electric dust removal high-frequency power supply and calculate a control instruction, and the control instruction is transmitted to the wet-wet electric dust removal high-frequency power supply and the control system 6 thereof through the programmable logic controller 4 so as to be put into an automatic operation mode.
More specifically, the wet-type electric dust collector high-frequency power supply and control system 6 comprises a wet-type electric dust collector high-frequency power supply control system and a wet-type electric dust collector high-frequency power supply which are connected with each other, and the programmable logic controller 4 is connected with the dry-type electric dust collector high-frequency power supply control system and the wet-type electric dust collector high-frequency power supply control system. The programmable logic controller 4 respectively controls the DCS system, the dry-type electric precipitation high-frequency power supply operation data and the wet-type electric precipitation high-frequency power supply operation data from the unit and transmits the data to the application server 3 through the redundant network 7, and on one hand, the application server 3 calculates an electric field feedback control instruction of the wet-type electric precipitation device according to the unit operation data and the wet-type electric precipitation high-frequency power supply operation data. On the other hand, the application server 3 calculates an electric field feedforward instruction of the wet electric dust collector according to the dry electric dust collection high-frequency power supply operation data and the wet electric dust collection high-frequency power supply operation data, so that the wet electric dust collector is subjected to comprehensive control of feedforward compensation and feedback adjustment. The automatic control system of the wet electric dust collector can better inhibit interference caused by the rapping of a dry electric final-stage electric field, enhance the anti-interference capability and instantaneous regulation performance of the system and have better energy-saving effect. Moreover, the system can have a certain adaptive adjustment capability so as to realize adaptive adjustment of large-range variable loads.
In addition, in the aspect of communication implementation, the operator station 1, the engineer station 2, the application server 3 and the programmable controller 4 are all connected to the redundant network 7, and the operator station 1, the engineer station 2, the application server 3 and the programmable controller 4 all perform information interaction through the redundant network 7. And here the redundant network 7 is preferably an ethernet network. Further, the wet-type electric dust collector high-frequency power supply and the control system 6 thereof are in communication connection with the programmable logic controller 4 through the serial port 8 and the hard connecting wires of the serial port 8. The dry-type electric dust collector high-frequency power supply and the control system 5 thereof are in communication connection with the programmable logic controller 4 through the serial port 9 and the hard connecting wires of the serial port 9. In addition, the programmable logic controller 4 is also connected with the unit main control DCS system through a serial port 8.
The embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention and provide an automatic control system framework for a wet electric precipitator, which is composed of a field feedforward control loop and a field feedback control loop. Various modifications or additions may be made or substituted in a similar manner to the embodiments described herein by those skilled in the art, for example, the feedback loop may replace the PID control with a PI controller and the feedforward loop may replace the disturbance observer without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is either directly or indirectly connected, or beyond the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Although the terms operator station 1, engineer station 2, application server 3, programmable logic controller 4, dry electrostatic precipitator high frequency power supply and its control system 5, wet electrostatic precipitator high frequency power supply and its control system 6, redundant grid 7, serial port 8 and serial port 9 are used more often herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; they are to be construed as being without limitation to any additional limitations that may be imposed by the spirit of the present invention.
The embodiments of the present invention are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the content of the claims of the present invention should be regarded as the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The automatic control method for the wet electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, obtaining a dynamic characteristic model through a disturbance test of the wet electric precipitator;
s2, respectively reading the operation parameters of the unit, the wet electric dust collector and the pre-stage dry electric dust collector;
s3, calculating a feedforward adjusting instruction for adjusting secondary current and/or secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the dry electric dust remover and the operation parameters of the wet electric dust remover;
s4, sending a feedback adjustment instruction of secondary current and/or secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the unit and the operation parameters of the wet electric dust collector;
and S5, adjusting the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage according to the feedforward adjusting instruction and the feedback adjusting instruction, and realizing the closed-loop automatic control of the wet electric dust collector.
2. The automatic control method for the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic characteristic model is obtained through a disturbance test of the wet-type electric precipitator, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining model parameters by adopting a test modeling method, and establishing a transfer function model of the secondary current of the high-frequency power supply of the wet electric dust remover to the smoke concentration of the wet electric dust removal outlet, wherein the model is selected from one of the following formulas (1) or (2):
Figure FDA0002827299400000011
Figure FDA0002827299400000012
in the formulae (1) and (2), Cw(s) represents the concentration of the smoke dust at the outlet of the wet electric dust removal; i isw(s) represents the average value of the secondary currents of all high-frequency power supplies of the wet electric dust remover; gw(s) represents an open-loop transfer function model of wet electrostatic precipitation, where s is the laplacian operator; k, T1，T2T, tau is the model parameter of the transfer function model, K is the transfer function gain, T1、T2T is an inertia time constant, and τ is a time lag constant.
3. The automatic control method for the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the operation parameters of the thermal power generating unit comprise unit load; the operation parameters of the wet electric dust remover comprise secondary current and secondary voltage of the wet electric dust remover and smoke concentration at an electric dust removal outlet; the operation parameters of the dry electric dust remover comprise the smoke concentration of the dry electric dust removal outlet.
4. The automatic control method for the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the feedforward regulating instruction for regulating the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage is calculated according to the operation parameters of the dry-type electric precipitator and the operation parameters of the wet-type electric precipitator, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s301, collecting concentration signal y at electric dust removal outlet of dry dust collectordAnd outlet concentration signal y of electric dust remover of wet dust removerw(ii) a Outlet concentration y of dry electric dust collectordWhen the change is large, and the wet electric dust remover operates under a stable working condition, the wet electric dust remover is subjected to test modeling to obtain a concentration signal y of an electric dust removal outlet of the dry electric dust removerdTransfer function G to concentration interference d of wet-type electric precipitation outletdThe transfer function structure of which is
Figure FDA0002827299400000021
S302, according to a feedforward equation GffdRealizing accurate feedforward compensation;
s303, adding GffdAnd writing the transfer function equation into a control program of the application server, calculating the control action quantity of the electric field feedforward control link as a feedforward regulation instruction, and transmitting the control action quantity to the high-frequency power supply of the wet dust collector and the control system of the wet dust collector.
5. The automatic control method for the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 4, wherein the feedforward equation G isffdThe specific equation is as follows:
situation one, when
Figure FDA0002827299400000031
Then
Figure FDA0002827299400000032
In the second case
Figure FDA0002827299400000033
Then
Figure FDA0002827299400000034
In general
Figure FDA0002827299400000035
Can also be selected as
Figure FDA0002827299400000036
The outlet concentration y of the dry electric dust collector at the front stage can be eliminated at the steady statedConcentration y of wet-type electric precipitation outletwThe interference generated;
in the formulae (3) and (4), GffdRepresenting the feed-forward regulation transfer function, GdRepresenting the disturbance transfer function, GwModel representing transfer function of wet electric dust removal, KdK denotes a gain constant, Gw、T1T, s, and τ are the same as in the formulae (1) and (2), and T isdRepresenting the constant of inertia time, τdRepresenting a time lag constant.
6. The automatic control method for the wet electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the sending of the feedback adjustment instruction of the secondary current and/or the secondary voltage according to the operation parameters of the thermal power generating unit and the operation parameters of the wet electric precipitator specifically comprises:
s401, collecting outlet concentration y of wet electric dust collector from high-frequency power supply of wet electric dust collector and control system of high-frequency power supplywAcquiring unit operation parameters from a unit main control DCS (distributed control System) by using signals to obtain error items and errors y at the current momentr-calculating the controlled variable by means of a PID algorithm when the absolute value of y is greater than a set value; when error yr-when the absolute value of y is less than the set value, the feedback adjustment command remains unchanged at the current moment;
s402, determining a PID algorithm, and collecting according to the unit operation parametersSelf-adaptive adjusting K in PID algorithm by using critical proportion methodp、ki、kdCalculating to obtain a control quantity u (k); the PID algorithm comprises two schemes of an incremental PID algorithm and a position PID algorithm.
And S403, adjusting the control quantity u (k) through a limiting value link to serve as a feedback adjustment instruction.
7. The automatic control method for the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 6, wherein the incremental PID algorithm specifically comprises:
first, set the initial value u (0) kpe(0)+kie(0)+kd×0，
Second, obtain
u(1)＝u(0)+Δu(1)
＝u(0)+kp[e(1)-e(0)]+kie(1)+kd[e(1)-2e(0)+e(-1)],
Wherein the value of e (-1) is set to e (0);
a third step of obtaining u (2) ═ u (1) + Δ u (2) from the values of e (0), e (1), and e (2); and u (k) after the two steps is more than or equal to the two steps is solved according to e (k-2), e (k-1), e (k) and u (k-1).
The incremental PID algorithm is shown as the following formula:
Δu(k)＝u(k)-u(k-1)
＝kp[e(k)-e(k-1)]+kiTsame(k)+kd/Tsam[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)] (4)
in the formula (4), kpDenotes the proportionality coefficient, kiRepresenting the integral coefficient, kdRepresenting a differential coefficient, the proportional term P being kp[e(k)-e(k-1)]The integral term I is kie (k), the differential term D is kd[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)]，TsamIs the sampling time, u (k) represents the feedback control quantity of the k step, e (k) represents the systematic error term of the k step, and k represents the k time.
8. The automatic control method for the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 6, wherein the PID algorithm can also adopt a position PID algorithm, and the position PID algorithm specifically comprises:
the position-based PID algorithm is shown as follows:
Figure FDA0002827299400000051
in the formula (5), kpDenotes the proportionality coefficient, kiRepresenting the integral coefficient, kdRepresenting a differential coefficient, TsamIs the sampling time, u (k) represents the feedback control quantity of the k step, e (k) represents the systematic error term of the k step, and k represents the k time.
9. The automatic control method for the wet-type electric precipitator of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 6, wherein the critical proportion method specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the actual working condition, the wet-type electric dust removal control system is put into closed-loop operation, ki、kdAre all set to 0, k is adjustedpThe value of (1) is that the concentration of the smoke dust at the outlet of the wet electric dust collector is close to the critical oscillation, and the critical proportion delta is 1/kpCritical oscillation period T1，T1The time for oscillating the smoke concentration output signal at the outlet of the wet electric dust collector back and forth once is adopted; according to delta, T1To set PID controller parameters, respectively kp＝1.78δ，ki＝0.5T1，kd＝0.125T1And further modifying according to the actual operation condition.
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