CN112736250A - Carbon-coated niobium-doped modified titanium niobate material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Carbon-coated niobium-doped modified titanium niobate material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112736250A
CN112736250A CN202011603995.2A CN202011603995A CN112736250A CN 112736250 A CN112736250 A CN 112736250A CN 202011603995 A CN202011603995 A CN 202011603995A CN 112736250 A CN112736250 A CN 112736250A
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titanium niobate
slurry
powder
ball milling
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杨清华
张少波
王浩
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Shenzhen Borui Energy Technology Co ltd
Anhui Keda Borui Energy Technology Co ltd
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Anhui Keda Borui Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a carbon-coated niobium-doped modified titanium niobate material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: weighing titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide powder according to the Nb molar ratio of 1: 2.05-1: 2.2, uniformly mixing with deionized water, and putting into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain a first slurry; then, sequentially carrying out spray drying, high-temperature sintering and crushing on the first slurry to obtain titanium niobate powder; mixing an organic carbon source and deionized water, placing the mixture on a ball mill for ball milling, and then adding the titanium niobate powder for continuous ball milling to obtain second slurry; finally, the second slurry is sequentially subjected to spray drying and high-temperature sintering to obtain a carbon-coated titanium niobate material; the method has simple process and can obviously improve the electrochemical multiplying power and the cycle performance of the titanium niobate.

Description

Carbon-coated niobium-doped modified titanium niobate material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a carbon-coated niobium-doped modified titanium niobate material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are considered to be the most potential energy storage technology at present, and are widely applied to various portable electronic products such as mobile phones, computers, watches, unmanned aerial vehicles and the like. In recent years, due to the rapid development of new energy electric vehicles, the demand of the market for lithium batteries is further increased. Lithium ion batteries have a huge market space, but still face many challenges, such as how to further improve the energy density, cycle performance, charging efficiency, service life, safety, and other performances of the batteries.
The lithium titanate negative electrode material is called a zero-strain material because the lattice parameter of lithium ions is hardly changed in the process of intercalation and deintercalation. The lithium ion is reversible in deintercalation, so that the lithium ion battery has quite excellent cycle performance, and the cycle life can reach about thirty thousand times. Meanwhile, the lithium ion de-intercalation potential is about 1.5V, the voltage platform is flat, a solid-electrolyte passive film (SEI film) cannot be formed in the charging and discharging process, and the potential safety hazard of internal short circuit caused by lithium dendrite formed on the surface of the anode is reduced. However, since lithium titanate materials have a relatively low theoretical capacity, attention is being paid to the development of power-type anode materials having high safety, high specific capacity, and long cycle life.
Compared with lithium titanate, the titanium niobate has higher theoretical specific capacity, and the change of lattice parameters and unit cell volume is smaller in the lithium ion de-intercalation process, so that the reversibility is higher; and the charge-discharge potential is about 1.6V, and an SEI film and lithium dendrite are not easy to generate in the circulation process, so the lithium titanate composite material is a lithium titanate substitute material with a promising application prospect. However, titanium niobium oxides suffer from low ionic and electronic conductivity, which limits their electrochemical performance enhancement. Therefore, a preparation method which is simple in process and can remarkably improve the electrochemical performance of the titanium niobate is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method which is simple in process and can obviously improve the electrochemical performance of titanium niobate.
Specifically, the invention discloses a preparation method of a carbon-coated niobium-doped modified titanium niobate material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparation of a first slurry: mixing Ti: weighing titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide powder according to the Nb molar ratio of 1: 2.05-1: 2.2, uniformly mixing with deionized water, and putting into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain a first slurry;
(2) preparing titanium niobate powder: sequentially carrying out spray drying, high-temperature sintering and crushing on the first slurry, wherein spray drying granulation is carried out, and powder collection is controlled; placing the spray-dried powder into a muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination in an oxidizing atmosphere, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a titanium niobate material; crushing the material by a hammer mill to obtain titanium niobate powder;
(3) preparation of a second slurry: mixing an organic carbon source and deionized water, placing the mixture on a ball mill for ball milling, adding the titanium niobate powder obtained in the step (2), and continuing ball milling to obtain second slurry;
(4) preparing a carbon-coated titanium niobate material: and sequentially carrying out spray drying and high-temperature sintering on the second slurry, wherein spray granulation is carried out by using a spray dryer, the obtained powder is placed into a tubular furnace, high-temperature calcination is carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere, and then natural cooling is carried out to room temperature, so as to obtain the carbon-coated titanium niobate material.
Preferably, the solid content in the step (1) is 10-30%, preferably 15-25%.
Preferably, the ball milling speed in the step (1) is 500-2000 rpm, preferably 800-1500 rpm; the ball milling time is 1-6 h, preferably 2-4 h.
Preferably, the spray drying and granulating in the step (2) controls and collects the powder D50 to be 5-20 um, preferably 8-12 um.
Preferably, the high-temperature calcination in the step (2) is carried out at 1000-1200 ℃ for 8-12 h.
Preferably, the ball milling speed in the step (3) is 300-2000 rpm, preferably 500-1500 rpm; the ball milling time is 0.5-3 h, preferably 1-2 h.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the organic carbon source to the titanium niobate powder in the step (3) is 5-20%, preferably 8-15%.
Preferably, the solid content of the second slurry in the step (3) is 10-40%, and preferably 20-30%.
Preferably, the organic carbon source in step (3) is one or more of glucose, maltose, lactose, fructose, sucrose and polyethylene glycol.
Preferably, the high-temperature calcination temperature in the step (4) is 650-800 ℃, preferably 700-750 ℃; the calcination time is 2-4 h, preferably 2-3 h.
The invention also relates to the carbon-coated niobium-doped modified titanium niobate material prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also relates to a use method of the carbon-coated niobium-doped modified titanium niobate material prepared by any one of the preparation methods for a lithium secondary battery.
The invention carries out carbon coating treatment by mechanically grinding the titanium niobate material and carrying out carbon coating, namely mixing and ball-milling the titanium niobate and an organic carbon source and thermally decomposing and carbonizing the organic matter in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. In addition, the primary particle size of the titanium niobium oxide material is reduced, the lithium ion intercalation depth is shortened, the transmission path of lithium ions in the reaction process is effectively reduced, and the ionic conductivity is improved; and a uniform carbon conductive network is formed on the surface of the material, so that the electronic conductivity is improved.
The method has simple process, and the electrochemical multiplying power and the cycle performance of the titanium niobate can be obviously improved by the method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the carbon-coated titanium niobate material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope SEM image of the carbon-coated titanium niobate material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a cycle performance diagram of the carbon-coated titanium niobate material prepared in example 1 at a magnification of 1C.
Fig. 4 is a graph of rate capability of the carbon-coated titanium niobate material prepared in example 1 at different rates.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The described embodiments and their results are only intended to illustrate the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention described in detail in the claims.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of a first slurry: according to the formula of Ti: nb molar ratio 1:2.05 weighing 79.9g of titanium dioxide and 272.5g of niobium pentoxide powder, uniformly mixing with 3L of deionized water, and putting into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the ball milling speed is 2000rpm, and the ball milling time is 2 hours, so as to obtain first slurry;
(2) preparing titanium niobate powder: carrying out spray drying granulation on the first slurry, and controlling and collecting powder D508-12 um; placing the spray-dried powder into a muffle furnace, calcining at 1100 ℃ for 10h in an oxidizing atmosphere at high temperature, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a titanium niobate material, and crushing the material by using a hammer mill to obtain titanium niobate powder;
(3) preparation of a second slurry: weighing 20g of glucose (10% of the mass fraction of the titanium niobate powder) and dissolving in 800ml of deionized water; ball-milling the solution by using a ball mill, wherein the ball-milling speed is 2000rpm, the ball-milling time is 0.5h, and then adding 200g of the titanium niobate powder obtained in the step (2) to continue ball-milling for 1.5h to obtain second slurry;
(4) preparing a carbon-coated titanium niobate material: and (3) performing spray granulation on the second slurry by using a spray dryer, putting the obtained powder into a tubular furnace, calcining for 3.5 hours at the high temperature of 700 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon-coated titanium niobate material.
(5) Testing the cycle performance and the rate performance: the carbon-coated titanium niobate of example 1 is used as a positive electrode material to prepare a CR2032 type button cell for electrochemical performance test, and the method comprises the following steps: the positive electrode active material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: PVDF: adding acetylene black (8: 1: 1) into a sealed weighing bottle, adding a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone to enable the slurry to reach a viscous state, and stirring on a magnetic stirrer for 6 hours until the slurry is uniformly mixed; coating the slurry on a copper foil, drying the copper foil in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 10 hours, and subsequently rolling to prepare a pole piece; the negative electrode material uses a lithium sheet; the solvents used were EC: DMC: 1mol of LiPF6 with EMC 1:1:1v/v as electrolyte; taking polypropylene fiber as a diaphragm; and assembling the button cell in the glove box.
The charge-discharge voltage of the cycle performance test is limited to 1.0-2.5V, the nominal capacity of the material is 280mAh/g, the material is activated by circulating for 3 circles with 0.2C current, and then the material is circulated for 50 circles with 1C current.
The multiplying power performance test is performed for 3 cycles at 0.2C, then for 5 cycles at 1C, 2C, 5C and 10C respectively, and then the 1C cycle is recovered for 10 cycles.
The cycle performance and rate performance test results of example 1 are shown in table 1.
Example 1 the X-ray diffraction pattern of the prepared carbon-coated titanium niobate material is shown in fig. 1, and the diffraction peaks of the sample are matched with the titanium niobate standard card PDF #39-1407, which indicates that the sample is very pure.
The scanning electron microscope SEM image of the carbon-coated titanium niobate material prepared in example 1 is shown in figure 2, and secondary particles are spherical and have a particle size of about 9 um.
The cycle performance chart of the carbon-coated titanium niobate material prepared in example 1 at the rate of 1C is shown in FIG. 3, and the graph can show that the capacity of the electrode material is hardly attenuated after 50 cycles.
The rate performance graph of the carbon-coated titanium niobate material prepared in example 1 under different rates is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that the capacity retention rate of 10C/1C of the electrode material is about 62.4%, and the 1C cyclic capacity recovered after the rate test is almost not attenuated, so that the excellent rate performance is shown.
Example 2
According to the formula of Ti: nb molar ratio 1: 2.1 the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide powders were weighed.
Example 3
According to the formula of Ti: nb molar ratio 1:2.2 the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide powders were weighed.
Example 4
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated, except that the carbon source used was glucose 15% by mass, the high-temperature calcination temperature in step (4) was 800 ℃ and the calcination time was 2 hours.
Example 5
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the mass fraction of polyethylene glycol as a carbon source was changed to 10%.
Example 6
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the calcination temperature in step (2) was 1000 ℃ and the calcination time was 12 hours.
Example 7
(1) Preparation of a first slurry: according to the formula of Ti: nb molar ratio 1:2.05 weighing 79.9g of titanium dioxide and 272.5g of niobium pentoxide powder, uniformly mixing with 0.85L of deionized water, and putting into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the ball milling speed is 500rpm, and the ball milling time is 6 hours to obtain first slurry;
(2) preparing titanium niobate powder: performing spray drying granulation on the first slurry, and controlling and collecting powder D5018-20 um; placing the spray-dried powder into a muffle furnace, calcining at 1200 ℃ for 8h at high temperature in an oxidizing atmosphere, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a titanium niobate material, and crushing the material by using a hammer mill to obtain titanium niobate powder;
(3) preparation of a second slurry: weighing 16g of glucose (8% of the mass fraction of the titanium niobate powder) and dissolving the glucose in 1900ml of deionized water; ball-milling the solution by using a ball mill, wherein the ball-milling speed is 300rpm, the ball-milling time is 1.5h, then adding 200g of the titanium niobate powder obtained in the step (2), and continuing ball-milling for 1.5h to obtain second slurry;
(4) preparing a carbon-coated titanium niobate material: and (3) performing spray granulation on the second slurry by using a spray dryer, putting the obtained powder into a tubular furnace, calcining for 4 hours at the high temperature of 650 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon-coated titanium niobate material.
Comparative example 1
According to the formula of Ti: nb molar ratio 1:2 the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide powders were weighed.
Comparative example 2
According to the formula of Ti: nb molar ratio 1: 1.9 the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide powders were weighed.
Comparative example 3
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the mass fraction of glucose as a carbon source was changed to 3%; the proportion of glucose is used to make the final carbon content fraction after pyrolysis less than 1%.
Comparative example 4
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the calcination temperature in step (2) was changed to 900 ℃ and the calcination time was changed to 10 hours.
Comparative example 5
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the calcination temperature in step (4) was changed to 500 ℃ and the calcination time was changed to 3.5 hours.
Comparative example 6
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the calcination temperature in step (4) was changed to 900 ℃ and the calcination time was changed to 3.5 hours.
Comparative example 7
According to the formula of Ti: nb molar ratio 1:2.05 weighing titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide, then weighing a certain amount of citric acid, wherein the mass of the citric acid is 5% of the total mass of the carbon dioxide and the niobium oxide, placing the three substances into a ball milling tank, taking ethanol as a dispersion medium, and carrying out ball milling on the three substances on a ball mill at 600 revolutions per minute for 24 hours to fully mix the raw materials; drying the obtained mixture at 71 ℃ to obtain a precursor; and calcining the precursor at 1300 ℃ for 52 hours under the protection of argon, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain the titanium niobate/carbon composite electrode material.
Table 1: cycling performance and rate capability of carbon-coated titanium niobate materials of examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 7
Figure BDA0002871493090000051
Figure BDA0002871493090000061

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a carbon-coated niobium-doped modified titanium niobate material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of a first slurry: mixing Ti: weighing titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide powder according to the Nb molar ratio of 1: 2.05-1: 2.2, uniformly mixing with deionized water, and putting into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain a first slurry;
(2) preparing titanium niobate powder: sequentially carrying out spray drying, high-temperature sintering and crushing on the first slurry, wherein spray drying granulation is carried out, and powder collection is controlled; placing the spray-dried powder into a muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination in an oxidizing atmosphere, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a titanium niobate material; crushing the material by a hammer mill to obtain titanium niobate powder;
(3) preparation of a second slurry: mixing an organic carbon source and deionized water, placing the mixture on a ball mill for ball milling, adding the titanium niobate powder obtained in the step (2), and continuing ball milling to obtain second slurry;
(4) preparing a carbon-coated titanium niobate material: and sequentially carrying out spray drying and high-temperature sintering on the second slurry, wherein spray granulation is carried out by using a spray dryer, the obtained powder is placed into a tubular furnace, high-temperature calcination is carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere, and then natural cooling is carried out to room temperature, so as to obtain the carbon-coated titanium niobate material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the solid content in the step (1) is 10-30%, preferably 15-25%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) spray drying and granulating in the step (2), and controlling the collected powder D50 to be 5-20 um, preferably 8-12 um.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) calcining the mixture at the high temperature of 1000-1200 ℃ for 8-12 h.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the ball milling speed in the step (1) is 500-2000 rpm, preferably 800-1500 rpm; the ball milling time is 1-6 h, preferably 2-4 h;
or/and: the ball milling speed in the step (3) is 300-2000 rpm, preferably 500-1500 rpm; the ball milling time is 0.5-3 h, preferably 1-2 h.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the weight ratio of the organic carbon source and the titanium niobate powder in the step (3) is 5-20%, preferably 8-15%.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the solid content of the second slurry is 10-40%, and preferably 20-30%.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) the organic carbon source is one or more of glucose, maltose, lactose, fructose, sucrose and polyethylene glycol.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature calcination temperature in the step (4) is 650-800 ℃,
preferably 700 to 750 ℃; the calcination time is 2-4 h, preferably 2-3 h.
10. A carbon-coated niobium-doped modified titanium niobate material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202011603995.2A 2020-12-30 2020-12-30 Carbon-coated niobium-doped modified titanium niobate material and preparation method thereof Pending CN112736250A (en)

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