CN112734928B - Three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph unfolding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph unfolding method, which belongs to the technical field of image processing; the method comprises the following steps in sequence: counting the number of pixels of a certain pixel gray level; counting the number of pixels of two neighborhood gray levels; counting the number of pixels of a certain pixel gray level, a first neighborhood gray level and a second neighborhood gray level, establishing a cube, and filling the number of pixels into a grid; establishing an ellipsoid on the basis of the tolerance of the pixel gray level and the tolerances of two neighborhood gray levels; placing ellipsoids according to rules; moving an ellipsoid; reserving an intersection region between the ellipsoid traversal space and the positive cube to obtain a three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph; finally, the three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph is unfolded according to a certain method to obtain one-dimensional data; the invention can place the multidimensional threshold and the number of corresponding pixels in the stereogram for displaying, is beneficial to dynamically observing the influence rule of the threshold rule change on the image segmentation effect, and finds the optimal segmentation threshold; after expansion, the threshold segmentation operation speed is improved.
Description
The application is a divisional application of the invention patent application 'three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph forming method based on double-gray-scale factors'.
Application date of the original case: 2018-01-31.
Original application No.: 2018100972092.
the name of the original case: a three-dimensional threshold stereo graph forming method based on double gray factors.
Technical Field
The invention discloses a three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph unfolding method, and belongs to the technical field of image processing.
Background
The threshold segmentation method is an image segmentation technology based on regions, and the principle is to divide image pixels into a plurality of classes. The image thresholding segmentation is the most common traditional image segmentation method, and becomes the most basic and widely applied segmentation technology in image segmentation due to simple implementation, small calculation amount and stable performance. It is particularly suitable for images where the object and background occupy different gray scale ranges. It not only can compress a great amount of data, but also greatly simplifies the analysis and processing steps, and thus is a necessary image preprocessing process before image analysis, feature extraction and pattern recognition in many cases. The purpose of image thresholding is to divide the set of pixels by gray level, each resulting subset forming a region corresponding to the real scene, each region having consistent properties within it, while adjacent regions do not have such consistent properties. Such a division can be achieved by choosing one or more threshold values from the grey scale.
For medical CT images, the gray levels of organs and other tissues are often clearly different, so a threshold value is usually used to segment the image. In order to automatically segment the threshold, japanese scholars propose Otsu algorithm based on gray histogram, and in order to improve the accuracy of image segmentation, two-dimensional Otsu algorithm and even three-dimensional Otsu algorithm are presented, and the image segmentation is more and more accurate.
However, as the dimension of the threshold increases, the presentation of the threshold becomes more difficult, and a graphical method capable of well presenting the multi-dimensional threshold has not appeared.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to visually display the multi-dimensional threshold, the invention discloses a three-dimensional threshold stereo graph forming method based on double grey factors, namely a brand-new three-dimensional threshold graphical display method is provided, and the aim of displaying the multi-dimensional threshold and the number of corresponding pixels in a stereo graph is fulfilled.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps:
according to the method for forming the three-dimensional threshold stereo graph based on the double-gray-scale factor, the aimed image comprises the following parameters: the resolution is M multiplied by N, and L gray levels are respectively 0, 1. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a, counting the number of pixels with the pixel gray level i as n i Wherein i is 0,1, L-1;
step b, according to a first neighborhood gray level calculation method, counting the number of pixels with j as a first neighborhood gray level to be n j Wherein j is 0,1, L-1;
step c, according to a second neighborhood gray level calculation method, counting n pixels with the second neighborhood gray level k k Wherein, k is 0,1, L-1;
d, counting the number n of pixels with the gray level of i, the gray level of a first neighborhood of j and the gray level of a second neighborhood of k ijk ；
E, establishing a cube with the resolution of L multiplied by L, and counting the number of the pixels n ijk Filling into the (i + 1) th lattices in the horizontal coordinate direction, the (j + 1) th lattices in the vertical coordinate direction and the (k + 1) th lattices in the horizontal coordinate direction;
f, establishing an ellipsoid with the section radiuses of a, b and c on the basis of the tolerance of the gray level of the pixel as a, the tolerance of the gray level of a first neighborhood as b and the tolerance of the gray level of a second neighborhood as c;
step g, placing ellipsoids according to the following rules:
rule I, the center of the ellipsoid coincides with a point of which the horizontal coordinate, the vertical coordinate and the vertical coordinate of the cube are all 0,
the second rule is that the direction with the radius a is parallel to the abscissa of the cube, the direction with the radius b is parallel to the ordinate of the cube, and the direction with the radius c is parallel to the ordinate of the cube;
h, moving the ellipsoid from the (0,0,0) coordinate to the (L, L, L) direction according to the center;
and i, reserving the region where the ellipsoid traversal space and the positive cube intersect in the step h to obtain the three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph.
The method for forming the three-dimensional threshold stereo image based on the double gray factors comprises the following steps of supplementing an image in eight directions of upper, lower, left, right, upper left, upper right, lower left and lower right, copying an image with the resolution of M multiplied by N in each direction to form an image with the resolution of 3M multiplied by 3N, and then selecting the neighborhood gray level of a pixel with the calculation coordinate of (x, y) from the following six methods as a first neighborhood gray level; and then selecting any one of the five remaining methods to calculate the neighborhood gray level of the pixel with the coordinate (x, y) as a second neighborhood gray level:
the first method comprises the following steps of:
the second method comprises the following steps of:
the third method comprises the following steps of:
the method IV comprises the following steps of:
the method V comprises the following steps of:
the method VI comprises the following steps of:
wherein, gray (·, ·) is an operator for taking the image gray scale with the resolution of 3 mx 3N.
In the above method for forming a three-dimensional threshold stereo image based on the dual gray scale factor, in step f, b is equal to c.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a three-dimensional threshold value three-dimensional graph forming method based on double gray factors, which combines pixel gray levels and two neighborhood gray levels and combines a graph drawing method, and provides a brand-new three-dimensional threshold value graphical display method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the running track of an ellipsoid on a cube.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the obtained three-dimensional threshold stereo image.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the obtained three-dimensional threshold stereo image viewing angle two.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
The embodiment is an embodiment of a three-dimensional threshold stereo image forming method based on double gray scale factors.
In the method for forming a three-dimensional threshold stereo image based on dual grayscale factors, the image includes the following parameters: the resolution is M multiplied by N, and L gray levels are respectively 0, 1. The method comprises the following steps:
step a, counting the number of pixels with the pixel gray level i as n i Wherein i is 0,1, L-1;
step b, according to the first neighborhood grayThe degree calculation method counts the number of pixels with j of the gray level of the first neighborhood as n j Wherein j is 0,1, L-1;
step c, according to a second neighborhood gray level calculation method, counting n pixels with the second neighborhood gray level k k Wherein, k is 0,1, L-1;
d, counting the number n of pixels with the gray level of i, the gray level of the first neighborhood of j and the gray level of the second neighborhood of k ijk ；
E, establishing a cube with the resolution of L multiplied by L, and counting the number of the pixels n ijk Filling into the (i + 1) th lattices in the horizontal coordinate direction, the (j + 1) th lattices in the vertical coordinate direction and the (k + 1) th lattices in the horizontal coordinate direction;
f, establishing an ellipsoid with the section radiuses of a, b and c on the basis of the tolerance of the gray level of the pixel as a, the tolerance of the gray level of a first neighborhood as b and the tolerance of the gray level of a second neighborhood as c;
step g, placing ellipsoids according to the following rules:
rule I, the center of the ellipsoid coincides with a point of which the horizontal coordinate, the vertical coordinate and the vertical coordinate of the cube are all 0,
the second rule is that the direction with the radius a is parallel to the horizontal coordinate of the cube, the direction with the radius b is parallel to the vertical coordinate of the cube, and the direction with the radius c is parallel to the vertical coordinate of the cube;
step h, moving the ellipsoid from the (0,0,0) coordinate to the (L, L, L) direction according to the center, as shown in figure 1;
step i, reserving the region where the ellipsoid traversal space and the positive cube intersect in the step h to obtain a three-dimensional threshold stereo graph, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, wherein the angle of fig. 2 is the same as that of fig. 1.
Detailed description of the invention
The embodiment is an embodiment of a three-dimensional threshold stereo image forming method based on double gray scale factors.
In the method for forming a three-dimensional threshold stereo image based on double gray scale factors of this embodiment, on the basis of the first specific embodiment, the method for calculating the neighborhood gray scale in steps b and c is further defined, wherein the image is supplemented in eight directions, namely, up, down, left, right, up-left, up-right, down-left and down-right, and one image with resolution of M × N is copied in each direction to form an image with resolution of 3M × 3N, and then the neighborhood gray scale of a pixel with calculation coordinates (x, y) is selected from any one of the following six methods to be used as the first neighborhood gray scale; and then selecting any one of the five remaining methods to calculate the neighborhood gray level of the pixel with the coordinate (x, y) as a second neighborhood gray level:
the first method comprises the following steps of:
the second method comprises the following steps of:
the third method comprises the following steps of:
the method IV comprises the following steps of:
the method V comprises the following steps of:
the sixth method comprises the following steps of:
wherein, gray (·, ·) is an operator for taking the image gray scale with the resolution of 3 mx 3N.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
The embodiment is an embodiment of a three-dimensional threshold stereo image forming method based on double gray scale factors.
The method for forming a three-dimensional threshold stereo image based on two gray factors in this embodiment is further defined in step f on the basis of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, where b is equal to c.
Detailed description of the invention
The embodiment is an embodiment of a three-dimensional threshold stereo graphic unfolding method.
The three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph unfolding method of the embodiment unfolds the three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph into three-dimensional data in an indeterminate scale on the basis of the first specific embodiment, the second specific embodiment or the third specific embodiment, and comprises the following steps:
step j, according to the gray level i of the pixel, determining a first neighborhood gray level scale t under the gray level i of the pixel 1 (i)；
K, according to the pixel gray level i and the first neighborhood gray level j, determining a second neighborhood gray level system t under the pixel gray level i and the first neighborhood gray level j 2 (i,j)；
Step l, according to the principle that the pixel gray level is high, the first neighborhood gray level is medium, and the second neighborhood gray level is low, the pixel gray level, the first neighborhood gray level and the second neighborhood gray level are expanded into three-bit data;
and step m, arranging the three-bit data obtained in the step l according to the principle that the gray level of the pixel, the gray level of the first neighborhood and the gray level of the second neighborhood are all small to large, and obtaining one-dimensional data.
The three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph unfolding method can convert the three-dimensional threshold value into one-dimensional data, reduces dimensionality when threshold value segmentation is carried out, is beneficial to improving the threshold value segmentation operation speed, and realizes real-time image segmentation.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
The embodiment is an embodiment of a three-dimensional threshold stereo graphic unfolding method.
The three-dimensional threshold stereo graphic unfolding method of the embodiment is further defined on the basis of the first specific embodiment, the second specific embodiment or the third specific embodiment:
the following steps are also included after step e: according to the principle that the pixel gray level is high, the first neighborhood gray level is medium, and the second neighborhood gray level is low, the pixel gray level, the first neighborhood gray level and the second neighborhood gray level are expanded into L-system three-bit data;
the following steps are also included after step i: and (e) arranging the three-bit data obtained in the step (i) according to the principle that the gray level of the pixel, the gray level of the first neighborhood and the gray level of the second neighborhood are all from small to large to obtain one-dimensional data.
The three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph unfolding method can convert the three-dimensional threshold value into one-dimensional data, reduces dimensionality when threshold value segmentation is carried out, is beneficial to improving the threshold value segmentation operation speed, and realizes real-time image segmentation.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
The embodiment is an embodiment of a three-dimensional threshold stereo graphic unfolding method.
The three-dimensional threshold stereo graphic unfolding method of the embodiment is further limited to further include the following steps on the basis of the first specific embodiment, the second specific embodiment or the third specific embodiment:
step j, according to the gray level i of the pixel, determining a first neighborhood gray level scale t under the gray level i of the pixel 1 (i)；
K, according to the pixel gray level i and the first neighborhood gray level j, determining a second neighborhood gray level system t under the pixel gray level i and the first neighborhood gray level j 2 (i,j)；
Step l, according to the principle that the pixel gray level is high, the first neighborhood gray level is medium, and the second neighborhood gray level is low, the pixel gray level, the first neighborhood gray level and the second neighborhood gray level are expanded into three-bit data;
and step m, arranging the three-bit data obtained in the step l according to the principle that the sequence of pixels encountered in the motion direction of the ellipsoid is from small to large to obtain one-dimensional data.
The three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph unfolding method can convert the three-dimensional threshold value into one-dimensional data, reduces dimensionality when threshold value segmentation is carried out, is beneficial to improving the threshold value segmentation operation speed, and realizes real-time image segmentation.
Claims (1)
1. A three-dimensional threshold stereo graphic unfolding method aims at an image comprising the following parameters: the resolution is M multiplied by N, and L gray levels are respectively 0, 1. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a, counting the number of pixels with the gray level of i as n i Wherein i is 0,1, L-1;
step b, according to a first neighborhood gray level calculation method, counting the number of pixels with j as a first neighborhood gray level to be n j Wherein, j is 0,1, L-1;
step c, according to a second neighborhood gray level calculation method, counting n pixels with the second neighborhood gray level k k Wherein, k is 0,1, L-1;
d, counting the number n of pixels with the gray level of i, the gray level of the first neighborhood of j and the gray level of the second neighborhood of k ijk ；
E, establishing a cube with the resolution of L multiplied by L, and counting the number of the pixels n ijk Filling into the (i + 1) th lattices in the horizontal coordinate direction, the (j + 1) th lattices in the vertical coordinate direction and the (k + 1) th lattices in the horizontal coordinate direction;
f, establishing an ellipsoid with the section radiuses of a, b and c on the basis of the tolerance of the gray level of the pixel as a, the tolerance of the gray level of a first neighborhood as b and the tolerance of the gray level of a second neighborhood as c;
step g, placing ellipsoids according to the following rules:
rule I, the center of the ellipsoid is superposed with a point of a cube with the horizontal coordinate, the vertical coordinate and the vertical coordinate all being 0,
the second rule is that the direction with the radius a is parallel to the horizontal coordinate of the cube, the direction with the radius b is parallel to the vertical coordinate of the cube, and the direction with the radius c is parallel to the vertical coordinate of the cube;
h, moving the ellipsoid from the (0,0,0) coordinate to the (L, L, L) direction according to the center;
step i, reserving a region where the ellipsoid traversal space and the positive cube in the step h intersect to obtain a three-dimensional threshold value stereo graph;
step j, according to the gray level i of the pixel, determining a first neighborhood gray level scale t under the gray level i of the pixel 1 (i)；
K, according to the pixel gray level i and the first neighborhood gray level j, determining a second neighborhood gray level system t under the pixel gray level i and the first neighborhood gray level j 2 (i,j)；
Step l, according to the principle that the pixel gray level is high, the first neighborhood gray level is medium, and the second neighborhood gray level is low, the pixel gray level, the first neighborhood gray level and the second neighborhood gray level are expanded into three-bit data;
and step m, arranging the three-bit data obtained in the step l according to the principle that the gray level of the pixel, the gray level of the first neighborhood and the gray level of the second neighborhood are all small to large, and obtaining one-dimensional data.
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