CN112733470A - Method for predicting water content change in lotus seed soaking process and application - Google Patents

Method for predicting water content change in lotus seed soaking process and application Download PDF

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CN112733470A
CN112733470A CN202110024817.2A CN202110024817A CN112733470A CN 112733470 A CN112733470 A CN 112733470A CN 202110024817 A CN202110024817 A CN 202110024817A CN 112733470 A CN112733470 A CN 112733470A
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soaking
water content
water
lotus seeds
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梁文文
胡杨
刘磊
王华新
方格
熊善柏
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Hubei Yihetang Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Huazhong Agricultural University
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Huazhong Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of food pretreatment, and particularly discloses a method for predicting water content change in a lotus seed soaking process and application. The method for predicting the water content change in the lotus seed soaking process provided by the invention comprises the steps of respectively soaking dry lotus seeds in water with different soaking temperatures, fitting the water content of the water-absorbed lotus seeds under the conditions of different soaking temperatures along with the change conditions of the soaking time and the soaking temperature by adopting SAS software to obtain a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model, and determining the required soaking time and soaking temperature in reverse according to the optimal water content state of the lotus seeds suitable for frying.

Description

Method for predicting water content change in lotus seed soaking process and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food pretreatment, in particular to a method for predicting water content change in a lotus seed soaking process and application.
Background
The lotus seed is used as a dry mature seed of the lotus of the Nymphaeaceae family, has the effects of tonifying spleen and checking diarrhea, stopping leukorrhagia, tonifying kidney and arresting seminal emission, and nourishing heart and soothing nerves, and can be frequently used in daily life of people. Among them, in order to ensure the quality of products, dry lotus seeds are generally stored and transported in the form of dry lotus seeds, that is, in autumn, when the fruits are ripe, lotus seed pots are harvested, the fruits are taken out, the peels of the fruits are removed, and the dried lotus seeds are formed by airing.
At present, the dry lotus seeds are compact and hard in structure, so that the texture of the lotus seeds is softened, the lotus seeds are convenient to process, and on the other hand, the fried lotus seeds are crisp in order to facilitate the fried lotus seeds to form a porous internal structure, and further processing is usually needed, namely appropriate damp-heat pretreatment (namely soaking) is needed, which is one of the most common procedures in the processing of the dry lotus seeds.
However, in the existing lotus seed processing technology, most of lotus seed soaking processing is performed by directly adding water for soaking, no research on a relative comparison system of the lotus seed soaking process from the perspective of lotus seed processing pretreatment is carried out, reference data cannot be provided for the lotus seed wet-heat processing pretreatment procedure, and the lotus seed soaking processing process is not accurate enough. Therefore, a method for predicting the water content change in the lotus seed soaking process is needed to be designed, and the problem which needs to be solved at present is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method for predicting the change of water content in the lotus seed soaking process, so as to solve the problem that the lotus seed soaking process is not accurate enough because the existing lotus seed wet-heat processing pretreatment procedure proposed in the background technology has no reference basis for accurately adjusting pretreatment parameters.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a method for predicting water content change in lotus seed soaking process, in particular to a method for predicting water content change of dry lotus seeds in the soaking process at 10-35 ℃, which comprises the following steps:
1) soaking dried semen Nelumbinis in water (preferably clear water) at different soaking temperatures to obtain water-absorbing semen Nelumbinis, and measuring the water content of the water-absorbing semen Nelumbinis every other soaking time;
2) adopting SAS (statistical analysis system) software to fit the water content of the water-absorbed lotus seeds under different soaking temperature conditions with the change conditions of the soaking time and the soaking temperature to obtain a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model;
3) and substituting the actually measured soaking time and the actually measured soaking temperature of the lotus seeds to be predicted in the soaking process into the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model to obtain a predicted water content result.
Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an application of the method for predicting moisture content change during lotus seed soaking process in vacuum frying of food.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for predicting the water content change in the lotus seed soaking process provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of respectively soaking dry lotus seeds in water with different soaking temperatures to form water-absorbing lotus seeds, measuring the water content of the water-absorbing lotus seeds at intervals of soaking time, then fitting the water content of the water-absorbing lotus seeds under the conditions of different soaking temperatures along with the change conditions of the soaking time and the soaking temperature by adopting SAS software to obtain a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model, reversely determining the soaking time and the soaking temperature of the soaking process required to be adopted according to the optimal water content state of the lotus seeds suitable for frying based on the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model, providing reference data for the lotus seed wet and hot processing pretreatment process, enabling the lotus seed soaking processing process to be more accurate, solving the problem that the existing lotus seed wet and hot processing pretreatment process has no reference basis for accurately adjusting pretreatment parameters, the lotus seed soaking process is not accurate enough, and the lotus seed soaking method has wide application prospect.
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Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the water content of lotus seeds corresponding to different soaking temperatures during the soaking process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of the a value with different soaking temperatures according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the b value with different soaking temperatures according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of a fitting result of a predicted water content value and an actual water content value at 10 ℃ soaking time based on a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of a fitting result of a predicted value and an actual measured value of water content of lotus seeds soaked at 15 ℃ based on a kinetic model of water absorption of lotus seeds provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph of a fitting result of a predicted water content value and an actual water content value at 20 ℃ soaking time based on a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph of a fitting result of a predicted water content value and an actual water content value at 25 ℃ soaking time based on a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph of a fitting result of a predicted water content value and an actual water content value at 30 ℃ soaking time based on a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph of a fitting result of a predicted water content value and an actual water content value at 35 ℃ soaking time based on a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the prior technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for predicting the water content change of lotus seeds in the soaking process, in particular to a method for predicting the water content change of dry lotus seeds in the soaking process at 10-35 ℃, which comprises the following steps:
1) soaking dried semen Nelumbinis in water (preferably clear water) at different soaking temperatures to obtain water-absorbing semen Nelumbinis, and measuring the water content of the water-absorbing semen Nelumbinis every other soaking time;
2) adopting SAS (statistical analysis system) software to fit the water content of the water-absorbed lotus seeds under different soaking temperature conditions with the change conditions of the soaking time and the soaking temperature to obtain a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model;
3) and substituting the actually measured soaking time and the actually measured soaking temperature of the lotus seeds to be predicted in the soaking process into the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model to obtain a predicted water content result.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model is represented by the following formula (1):
y＝(-0.0001x2 2+0.0034x2+0.0812)ln(x1)+0.0001x2 2+0.0007x2+0.2781 type (1)
Wherein, in the formula (1)
y is water content in wt%;
x1the soaking time is h;
x2the soaking temperature is expressed in degrees centigrade.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the applicable range of the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model is a soaking process at 10-35 ℃.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the water content of the lotus seeds absorbing water is measured at intervals of 0.1-10h every soaking time.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water content of the lotus seeds having absorbed water is measured at intervals of 0.5 to 1.5 hours, preferably at intervals of 1 hour.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature range of the different soaking temperatures is 5 to 45 ℃.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature range of the different soaking temperatures is 10 to 35 ℃.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the different soaking temperature conditions include at least 10 deg.C, 15 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 25 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 35 deg.C.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the method for predicting the water content change during the lotus seed soaking process, the method further comprises the step of analyzing the water content change of the lotus seeds absorbing water, which is measured under different soaking temperature conditions, to determine an equation that the relationship between the water content during the soaking process and the time is consistent.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the method for predicting the change of the water content of the lotus seed during the soaking process, a step of verifying a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model is further included. After verification, the overall regression coefficient r of the predicted value and the measured value at different soaking temperatures2The correlation values are all larger than 0.99, the correlation reaches an extremely significant level, and the model reliability is high.
The embodiment of the invention starts from searching for proper soaking conditions of the dry lotus seeds, systematically researches the soaking process of the dry lotus seeds, establishes a water absorption kinetic model of the lotus seeds at 10-35 ℃, provides theoretical basis for actual production, and has important significance in the field of food pretreatment.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the method for predicting the water content change in the lotus seed soaking process in food pretreatment, and the method can be used for vacuum frying.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the food pretreatment may be a pretreatment operation such as soaking of lotus seeds, corn, peanuts, soybeans, mung beans, etc., and is particularly suitable for soaking lotus seeds, which provides a theoretical basis for actual production.
The technical effects of the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model of the present invention will be further described below by referring to specific examples.
Example 1
A method for predicting water content change in lotus seed soaking process, in particular to a method for predicting water content change of dry lotus seeds in the soaking process at 10-35 ℃, and establishes water content (y) and soaking temperature (x) of the soaked dry lotus seeds1) And soaking time (x)2) Comprising the steps of:
1) respectively soaking the dried lotus seeds in clear water at different soaking temperatures to obtain water-absorbing lotus seeds, and measuring the water content of the water-absorbing lotus seeds every 1 h;
2) analyzing the water content change of the water-absorbing lotus seeds measured under different soaking temperature conditions to determine an equation of coincidence of the water content and the time relation in the soaking process;
3) adopting SAS (statistical analysis system) software to fit the water content of the lotus seeds with water absorption at 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃ and 35 ℃ along with the change conditions of the soaking time and the soaking temperature to obtain a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model;
specifically, the optimal moisture state of the lotus seeds suitable for frying is determined, and then a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model of the lotus seeds at the temperature of 10-35 ℃ is established, wherein the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model is shown as the following formula (1):
y＝(-0.0001x2 2+0.0034x2+0.0812)ln(x1)+0.0001x2 2+0.0007x2+0.2781 type (1)
Wherein, in the formula (1)
y is water content in wt%;
x1the soaking time is h;
x2the soaking temperature is expressed in degrees centigrade.
4) And (5) verifying the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model. After verification, the overall regression coefficient r of the predicted value and the measured value at different soaking temperatures2The correlation values are all larger than 0.99, the correlation reaches an extremely significant level, and the model reliability is high.
In this embodiment, after determining the optimal moisture state of the lotus seeds suitable for frying, the soaking time and the soaking temperature of the soaking process adopted when the optimal moisture content is reached need to be determined, and the soaking time and the soaking temperature actually measured during the soaking process of the lotus seeds to be predicted are substituted into the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model to obtain the result of the predicted moisture content, namely the optimal moisture state of the lotus seeds suitable for frying. Which in turn allows to determine the soaking time and the soaking temperature of the soaking process employed when the optimum moisture content is reached.
Example 2
In this embodiment, 1) the dry lotus seeds are respectively soaked in clean water at different soaking temperatures (10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃ and 35 ℃) to form water-absorbing lotus seeds, and the water content of the water-absorbing lotus seeds is measured every 1 hour, so as to obtain the change of the water content of the lotus seeds in the soaking process, and the specific result is shown in fig. 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1: the soaking temperature is within 10-35 ℃, the water content of the lotus seeds is in a trend of increasing rapidly and then gradually slowly along with the prolonging of the soaking time; the water absorption and water content of the lotus seed soaking process along with the time relation accord with the following equation:
y＝aln(x)+b(2)
in the formula: y is water content,%;
x is the soaking time, h;
a. b is a constant related to temperature.
Using the equation, SAS software was used to fit the water absorption process of lotus seeds at 10 deg.C, 15 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 25 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 35 deg.C, and the results of the values of a and b are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 values of a and b at different temperatures
Figure BDA0002889831820000071
As can be seen from Table 1, the values of a and b vary with the immersion temperature, and the variation trends are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Wherein, fig. 2 is a trend graph of the a value obtained by fitting along with the change of different soaking temperatures, and fig. 3 is a trend graph of the b value obtained by fitting along with the change of different soaking temperatures.
Example 3
According to the results of fig. 2 and 3 in example 2, the data in table 1 are analyzed and fitted to obtain the functional relationship between the a value and the b value and the soaking temperature, as shown in formula (3) and formula (4).
a＝-0.0001T2+0.0034T+0.0812 (3)
b＝0.0001T2+0.0007T+0.2781 (4)
In the formula: t is the soaking temperature, DEG C
Fitting correlation coefficient R of equation (3) and equation (4)20.9132 and 0.9615, respectively, it can be seen that the degree of fit is very high and the equation is reliable. Substituting equation (3) and equation (4) into equation (2) to obtain a mathematical model (namely a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model) of the water content of the lotus seeds along with the soaking time and the soaking temperature within the range of 10-35 ℃ as follows:
y＝(-0.0001x2 2+0.0034x2+0.0812)ln(x1)+0.0001x2 2+0.0007x2+0.2781 type (1)
Wherein, in the formula (1)
y is water content in wt%;
x1the soaking time is h;
x2the soaking temperature is expressed in degrees centigrade.
Example 4
The lotus seed water absorption kinetic model in the embodiment 3 is verified, specifically, dry lotus seeds are respectively placed in clean water at 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃ and 35 ℃ to be soaked into water-absorbing lotus seeds, the water content of the water-absorbing lotus seeds is measured every 1 hour for 12 hours, the soaking temperature and the soaking time are substituted into the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model in the embodiment 3 to obtain the predicted value of the water content at the corresponding time, the predicted value is compared with the actually measured value of the water content, and the fitting result based on the predicted value and the actually measured value of the water content of the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model is shown in fig. 4 to fig. 9.
Fig. 4 is a result chart of fitting between a predicted value of water content and an actual measured value of water content at 10 ℃ soaking based on a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model, fig. 5 is a result chart of fitting between a predicted value of water content and an actual measured value of water content at 15 ℃ soaking based on a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model, fig. 6 is a result chart of fitting between a predicted value of water content and an actual measured value of water content at 20 ℃ soaking based on a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model, fig. 7 is a result chart of fitting between a predicted value of water content and an actual measured value of water content at 25 ℃ soaking based on a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model, fig. 8 is a result chart of fitting between a predicted value of water content and an actual measured value of water content at 30 ℃ soaking based on a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model, and fig. 9 is a result chart of fitting between a predicted value of water content and an actual measured value of water. As can be seen from fig. 4 to 9, the total regression coefficient r of the predicted value and the measured value at different temperatures2The correlation values are all larger than 0.99, the correlation reaches an extremely significant level, and the model reliability is high.
Example 5
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the water content of the lotus seed having absorbed water was measured every 0.1 hour as compared with example 1.
Example 6
The procedure of example 1 was repeated, except that the water content of the lotus seed having absorbed water was measured every 0.2 hours, as compared with example 1.
Example 7
The procedure of example 1 was repeated, except that the water content of the lotus seed having absorbed water was measured at 0.5 hour intervals as compared with example 1.
Example 8
The procedure of example 1 was repeated, except that the water content of the lotus seed having absorbed water was measured at 0.8 hour intervals as compared with example 1.
Example 9
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the water content of the lotus seed having absorbed water was measured every 1.5 hours, as compared with example 1.
Example 10
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the water content of the lotus seed having absorbed water was measured every 2 hours as compared with example 1.
Example 11
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the water content of the lotus seed having absorbed water was measured every 5 hours as compared with example 1.
Example 12
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the water content of the lotus seed having absorbed water was measured every 10 hours as compared with example 1.
Example 13
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the water content of the lotus seed having absorbed water was measured every 0.1 hour as compared with example 1.
Example 14
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated, except that the conditions of the immersion temperature were changed to 10 deg.C, 20 deg.C and 30 deg.C, respectively, as compared with example 1.
Example 15
The procedure of example 1 was repeated, except that the conditions of the immersion temperature were changed to 5 deg.C, 10 deg.C, 15 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 25 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 35 deg.C, 40 deg.C and 45 deg.C, respectively, as compared with example 1.
Example 16
The same as example 1 except that the different soaking temperature conditions were 5 deg.C and 45 deg.C, respectively, as compared with example 1.
Example 17
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated, except that the conditions of the immersion temperature were changed to 5 deg.C, 15 deg.C, 25 deg.C, 35 deg.C and 45 deg.C, respectively, as compared with example 1.
Example 18
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated, except that the conditions of the immersion temperature were changed to 10 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 30 deg.C and 40 deg.C, respectively, as compared with example 1.
Example 19 (test of the Effect of moisture content after soaking on the quality of the final product)
The dry lotus seeds with husks peeled, peels and cores are respectively soaked according to the following methods: (1) soaking semen Nelumbinis in clear water at 15 deg.C for 7 hr; (2) soaking semen Nelumbinis in clear water at 20 deg.C for 7 hr; (3) soaking semen Nelumbinis in clear water at 25 deg.C for 7 hr; (4) soaking semen Nelumbinis in clear water at 30 deg.C for 7 hr. Then taking out and placing in boiling water at 100 ℃ for precooking for 6min, soaking the cured lotus seeds in 10% sucrose solution for 50min, then freezing the internal temperature of the lotus seeds to-18 ℃, then carrying out vacuum frying treatment on the lotus seeds, setting the vacuum degree to-0.095 MPa, controlling the oil temperature at 90 ℃, carrying out frying treatment for 20min, carrying out deoiling treatment for 4min, then taking out, cooling and packaging to obtain the product. Finally, the quality of the lotus seed product is measured, and the specific result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of lotus seed water content after soaking on product quality
Group number (1) (2) (3) (4)
Degree of crispness 10.20 12.37 13.41 12.28
Oil content (%) 19.34 20.45 20.80 21.01
Sensory scoring 7.36 8.21 9.44 8.63
The crispness is measured by a texture analyzer, a P2N probe is used for testing, the speed before testing is 5.0mm/s, the testing speed is 0.5mm/s, the return speed after testing is 10.0mm/s, and the testing compression ratio is 60%.
The measurement was carried out by referring to the first method "Soxhlet extraction" in GB5009.6-2016, "measurement of fat in food".
Sensory evaluation: the samples were evaluated by teachers and students in food specialty. The numbered lotus seeds are scored according to the appearance, color, texture, oil content and taste of the lotus seeds in terms of ten degrees, and the scoring standards are shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3 Scoring criteria Table
Figure BDA0002889831820000111
Although some research reports related to the lotus seed processing technology exist, the research reports generally start from the processing and utilization of lotus seeds, and the invention carries out relatively systematic research on the lotus seed soaking process from the perspective of lotus seed processing pretreatment and can provide reference data for the lotus seed wet and hot processing pretreatment process.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for predicting water content change in a lotus seed soaking process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) respectively soaking the dried lotus seeds in water with different soaking temperatures to obtain water-absorbing lotus seeds, and measuring the water content of the water-absorbing lotus seeds at intervals of soaking time;
2) adopting SAS software to fit the water content of the lotus seeds absorbing water under different soaking temperature conditions along with the change conditions of the soaking time and the soaking temperature to obtain a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model;
3) and substituting the actually measured soaking time and the actually measured soaking temperature of the lotus seeds to be predicted in the soaking process into the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model to obtain a predicted water content result.
2. The method for predicting the water content change in the lotus seed soaking process according to claim 1, wherein the lotus seed water absorption kinetic model is shown as the following formula (1):
y＝(-0.0001x2 2+0.0034x2+0.0812) ln(x1)+0.0001x2 2+0.0007x2+0.2781 type (1)
Wherein, in the formula (1)
y is the water content;
x1the soaking time is;
x2is the soaking temperature.
3. The method for predicting the change of the water content of the soaked lotus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the lotus seeds which absorb water is measured at intervals of 0.1-10h every soaking time in the method for predicting the change of the water content of the soaked lotus seeds.
4. The method for predicting the change of the water content of the soaked lotus seeds as claimed in claim 3, wherein the water content of the lotus seeds absorbing water is measured at intervals of 0.5-1.5h every soaking time in the method for predicting the change of the water content of the soaked lotus seeds.
5. The method for predicting the water content change of the lotus seeds in the soaking process according to claim 1, wherein in the method for predicting the water content change of the lotus seeds in the soaking process, the temperature ranges of different soaking temperatures are 5-45 ℃.
6. The method for predicting the water content change of the lotus seeds in the soaking process according to claim 1, wherein in the method for predicting the water content change of the lotus seeds in the soaking process, the temperature ranges of different soaking temperatures are 10-35 ℃.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the different soaking temperature conditions at least include 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃ and 35 ℃ in the method for predicting the water content change of the soaked lotus seeds.
8. The method for predicting the water content change of the lotus seeds in the soaking process according to claim 1, further comprising the step of analyzing the water content change of the lotus seeds absorbing water measured under different soaking temperature conditions to determine a linear equation of the water content and the time in the soaking process.
9. The method for predicting the water content change of the lotus seeds in the soaking process according to claim 1, wherein the method for predicting the water content change of the lotus seeds in the soaking process further comprises a step of verifying a lotus seed water absorption kinetic model.
10. Use of a method according to any of claims 1-9 for predicting the change in moisture content of a lotus seed during soaking in vacuum frying of a food product.
CN202110024817.2A 2021-01-08 2021-01-08 Method for predicting water content change in lotus seed soaking process and application Pending CN112733470A (en)

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