CN112731397A - InSAR absolute phase determination method and system without ground control - Google Patents

InSAR absolute phase determination method and system without ground control Download PDF

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CN112731397A
CN112731397A CN202011587305.9A CN202011587305A CN112731397A CN 112731397 A CN112731397 A CN 112731397A CN 202011587305 A CN202011587305 A CN 202011587305A CN 112731397 A CN112731397 A CN 112731397A
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路瑞峰
刘艳阳
范军
侯雨生
孙永岩
魏春
陈筠力
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Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering
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Abstract

The invention provides an InSAR absolute phase determining method and system without ground control, which comprises the following steps of (1) respectively calculating reference absolute fuzzy numbers of lifting rail data by using average elevation; (2) calculating the distances of all homonymous point plane coordinates of the lifting rail; (3) calculating the distances of all homonymous point plane coordinates of the lifting rail by the given elevation increment; (4) calculating a final absolute fuzzy number by taking the shortest distance as a constraint condition; (5) the absolute phase is calculated. The method solves the problem of determining the absolute phase of the satellite-borne InSAR without a ground control point, and has an important supporting function on the construction of an InSAR ground system and the demonstration of related satellite indexes.

Description

InSAR absolute phase determination method and system without ground control
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of signal and information processing, in particular to a novel method and a system for determining an InSAR absolute phase without ground control.
Background
The satellite-borne InSAR technology has the advantages of all-weather and all-time data acquisition and highly-automated data processing, and is one of the remote sensing detection means which are widely researched and intensively developed by countries in the world at present. Currently, the space-based platform InSAR system includes a dual antenna InSAR System (SRTM) built on a space shuttle in the United states and a TanDEM-X system in Germany. Although the satellite-borne InSAR technology has been successfully applied, some problems to be solved still exist in the satellite-borne InSAR data processing, one of which is the absolute phase determination technology under the condition of no ground control.
The conventional phase unwrapping technique is to perform phase unwrapping with respect to a certain point in a diagram, and the unwrapped phase is only a relative phase difference and has one less phase difference implied by an absolute ambiguity number from the real phase difference, namely, an absolute phase. As a remote sensing means of global mapping, the processing of satellite-borne InSAR data cannot completely depend on ground control data, firstly, because a large-range high-precision control point is difficult to obtain, and secondly, the whole processing flow needs to be independently controllable. Therefore, the absolute phase is solved under the condition of no ground control, and the absolute phase is one of the key technologies for processing satellite-borne InSAR ground data.
At present, the Chinese remainder theorem is adopted to determine the absolute Phase (Phase unwraping of SAR interference with Multi-frequency or Multi-base, Geoscience and Remote Sens Sympos ium 1994(IGARSS'94), Vol.2,730-732) aiming at the Multi-baseline InSAR, and the method requires high ambiguity coprime and puts higher requirements on the design of baseline length and the baseline measurement precision; other absolute phase determination methods include Maximum Likelihood Elevation estimation (A Maximum-Likeliod Estimator to Simultaneous Unwrap, Geocode, and Fuse SAR Interferrence From Difference ViewingGeometrices Into One Digital Elevation Model, IEEE transactions on Geoscerence and Remote Sensing,43(1), 24-36), Maximum a posteriori probability (space-borne synthetic aperture Radar interferometry [ M ]. Beijing: scientific Press, 2002), coarse DEM comparison, etc., which generally require a coarse DEM as a reference. A method and a device for reconstructing elevation of a dual-frequency interferometric synthetic aperture radar (CN 108594222A) are used for determining absolute phase by constructing a dual-frequency SAR system, but the complexity of the design of a space-borne SAR system is greatly improved. The method and the device for acquiring the radar elevation information and the computer scale storage medium CN109239710B carry out absolute phase determination by a radar stereo measurement method, but the relative slant range precision of a main satellite radar and an auxiliary satellite radar is required to reach a millimeter level.
For a conventional satellite-borne InSAR system without special design, an effective absolute phase determination method completely without ground control does not exist at present.
The method comprises the steps of utilizing a lifting rail data to calculate an absolute phase, obtaining a ground control point by utilizing a three-dimensional SAR technology, and then utilizing an elevation of the control point to calculate the absolute phase, wherein the method has larger uncertainty, firstly, the accuracy of the ground control point obtained by the three-dimensional SAR cannot be accurately estimated, particularly, the influence of an image point measurement error on the elevation accuracy is larger in mountainous terrain lacking a strong scattering point, secondly, the elevation accuracy of the ground control point needs to meet the requirement of 1/3 or even 1/4 fuzzy height, and the longer an interference baseline is, the more rigorous the requirement is, so that the method for calculating the absolute phase by utilizing the ground control point obtained by the three-dimensional SAR cannot ensure the reliability of a result.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an InSAR absolute phase determining method and system without ground control.
The invention provides a ground-control-free InSAR absolute phase determination method, which comprises the following steps:
and a reference absolute fuzzy number calculation step: respectively calculating reference absolute fuzzy numbers of the lifting rail data by using the average elevation;
distance calculation step: calculating the distances of all the homonymous point plane coordinates of the lifting rail according to the reference absolute fuzzy number;
distance statistics step: calculating the distances of all homonymous point plane coordinates of the lifting rail by the given elevation increment;
absolute fuzzy number calculating step: calculating a final absolute fuzzy number by taking the shortest distance as a constraint condition according to a distance statistical result;
absolute phase calculation step: and calculating the respective absolute phase of the lifting rail according to the absolute fuzzy number.
Preferably, the reference absolute blur number calculating step includes: respectively calculating absolute fuzzy number n of the orbit-ascending data by using the average elevation and the image coordinates of 1 homonymous point provided in the parameter file1And the absolute fuzzy number n of the down-track data2(ii) a If the parameter file does not provide the average elevation, assuming that a reference elevation is calculated, the specific implementation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002866283670000021
h＝H-R1cosθ
in the formula: theta is the side view angle, alpha is the base line inclination angle, R1The main satellite slant range is defined as B, the base length is defined as B, delta R is the slant range difference of the main satellite and the auxiliary satellite, H is the radar height of the main satellite, and H is the elevation of a ground point;
in a one-transmitting and two-receiving mode, the delta R and the main and auxiliary satellites interfere in phase
Figure BDA0002866283670000031
The relationship of (A) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002866283670000032
main and auxiliary satellite interference phase
Figure BDA0002866283670000033
And is represented as:
Figure BDA0002866283670000034
in the formula:
Figure BDA0002866283670000035
is the winding phase, n is the absolute fuzzy number;
preferably, the distance calculating step includes: calculating the distances of the plane coordinates of all the same-name points of the lifting rail by respectively calculating the plane coordinates of all the ground points by using the calculated reference absolute fuzzy number of the lifting rail, and concretely realizing the following steps:
under WGS-84 coordinate system, for a certain homologous point in the image, its coordinate is Pt＝(px,py,pz)，Sk(. and V)k(. to) denote the trajectory and velocity vector of the radar, respectively, with subscript k ═ 1, and 2 denotes the primary and secondary star radars, then the InSAR positioning equation is:
|Pt-S1(t1)|＝R1
Figure BDA0002866283670000036
Figure BDA0002866283670000037
wherein λ is radar wavelength, R1And f1Is the main satellite radar slant range and the Doppler center frequency, t1And t2Respectively, the main and auxiliary satellite interference time, B (t)2) As primary and secondary radar instantaneous baseline vectors, S2(t2)＝S1(t2)+B(t2)；
Preferably, the distance statistics step comprises:
and giving an elevation increment, recalculating absolute fuzzy numbers of the lifting rail data respectively, recalculating to obtain new plane coordinates of all ground points when the fuzzy numbers change, and counting the distances of the plane coordinates of all the same-name points of the lifting rail.
Preferably, the absolute blur number calculating step includes: comparing the distances of the two times, if the distance is increased, changing the sign of elevation increment, and continuously repeating the distance counting step;
if the distance is reduced, the searching direction is correct, and the distance counting step is continuously repeated;
and when the searching direction is changed for 2 times, stopping searching, and taking the absolute fuzzy number corresponding to the minimum distance as the final absolute fuzzy number of the lifting rail.
The invention provides an InSAR absolute phase determining system without ground control, which comprises:
a reference absolute fuzzy number calculation module: respectively calculating reference absolute fuzzy numbers of the lifting rail data by using the average elevation;
a distance calculation module: calculating the distances of all the homonymous point plane coordinates of the lifting rail according to the reference absolute fuzzy number;
a distance statistic module: calculating the distances of all homonymous point plane coordinates of the lifting rail by the given elevation increment;
an absolute fuzzy number calculation module: calculating a final absolute fuzzy number by taking the shortest distance as a constraint condition according to a distance statistical result;
an absolute phase calculation module: and calculating the respective absolute phase of the lifting rail according to the absolute fuzzy number.
Preferably, the reference absolute fuzzy number calculating module calculates the absolute fuzzy number n of the up-track data by using the average elevation and the image coordinates of 1 homonymous point provided in the parameter file1And the absolute fuzzy number n of the down-track data2(ii) a If the parameter file does not provide an average elevation, a reference elevation is assumed for calculation.
Preferably, the distance calculation module includes: and (4) counting the distances of the plane coordinates of all the homonymous points of the lifting rail by respectively calculating the plane coordinates of all the ground points by using the absolute fuzzy number of the lifting rail.
Preferably, the distance statistic module comprises:
and giving an elevation increment, recalculating absolute fuzzy numbers of the lifting rail data respectively, recalculating to obtain new plane coordinates of all ground points when the fuzzy numbers change, and counting the distances of the plane coordinates of all the same-name points of the lifting rail.
Preferably, the absolute blur number calculation module includes: comparing the distances of the two times, if the distance is increased, changing the sign of the elevation increment, and continuously repeating distance statistics;
if the distance is reduced, the searching direction is correct, and distance statistics is continuously repeated;
and when the searching direction is changed for 2 times, stopping searching, and taking the absolute fuzzy number corresponding to the minimum distance as the final absolute fuzzy number of the lifting rail.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an absolute phase determining method taking the shortest distance as a constraint condition according to the geometrical characteristics of the intersection of the lifting rail sub-satellite point tracks. The method provided by the invention has low requirement on the image point measurement accuracy, has no additional design requirement on the design of a satellite-borne SAR system, can determine the InSAR absolute phase without a ground control point, does not depend on the base line length design and the elevation calculation accuracy, and has stronger robustness.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an image of the same region of a lifting rail in the same side view direction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a track of a ground point in lifting rail data varying with an absolute phase ambiguity number;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of InSAR principle
Fig. 4 is a processing step diagram of a new method for determining an InSAR absolute phase without ground control.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The satellite-borne InSAR system generally runs on a sun synchronous track, and a certain included angle exists between the track of the satellite points of the lifting track imaging the same region on the ground, as shown in the attached figure 1. Under the constraint of the imaging geometry of the lifting rail radar, the same ground point in the satellite-borne InSAR lifting rail 2 scene image should be located on the intersection line of the Doppler plane of the lifting rail main satellite and the Doppler plane of the falling rail main satellite theoretically.
When the absolute fuzzy number has errors, the plane coordinates of the elevation model move in the respective Doppler planes of the lifting rail InSAR data while the elevation model is integrally raised or lowered. The 2 straight lines formed by the moving tracks in the 2-scene ascending and descending track data are necessarily intersected, as shown in fig. 2, a green point represents the moving track of the plane coordinates of 1 image point in the ascending track data along with the change of the absolute fuzzy number, and a blue point represents the moving track of the plane coordinates of the same-name point in the descending track data along with the change of the absolute fuzzy number. The homonymous point in the lifting rail image only has one plane coordinate, and only the plane coordinate at the intersection point is unique, so that the absolute fuzzy number of the lifting rail at the intersection point is the absolute fuzzy number, and the respective absolute phase of the lifting rail can be calculated according to the absolute fuzzy number.
The invention provides a novel method for determining an InSAR absolute phase without ground control based on lifting rail data, which comprises the following steps: step one, respectively calculating reference absolute fuzzy numbers of lifting rail data by using average elevations; calculating the distances of the plane coordinates of all the homonymous points of the lifting rail; thirdly, giving elevation increment to count the distances of plane coordinates of all homonymous points of the lifting rail; step four, calculating a final absolute fuzzy number by taking the shortest distance as a constraint condition; and step five, calculating the absolute phase.
The specific implementation steps of the invention are shown in fig. 4, and specifically include:
step one, respectively calculating reference absolute fuzzy numbers of lifting rail data by using average elevations: respectively calculating absolute fuzzy number n of the orbit-ascending data by using the average elevation and the image coordinates of 1 homonymous point provided in the parameter file1And the absolute fuzzy number n of the down-track data2(ii) a If the parameter file does not provide the average elevation, assuming that a reference elevation is calculated, the specific implementation is as follows:
the measurement principle of the satellite-borne InSAR is shown in the attached figure 3:
Figure BDA0002866283670000061
h＝H-R1cosθ (2)
in the formula: theta is the side view angle, alpha is the base line inclination angle, R1The main satellite slant range is B, the base length is B, the delta R is the slant range difference of the main satellite and the auxiliary satellite, the H is the radar height of the main satellite, and the H is the elevation of the ground point.
In a one-transmitting and two-receiving mode, the delta R and the main and auxiliary satellites interfere in phase
Figure BDA0002866283670000062
The relationship of (A) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002866283670000063
main and auxiliary satellite interference phase
Figure BDA0002866283670000064
And can be represented as:
Figure BDA0002866283670000065
in the formula:
Figure BDA0002866283670000066
for the winding phase, n is the absolute ambiguity number.
Step two, calculating the distances of the plane coordinates of all the homonymous points of the lifting rail:
under WGS-84 coordinate system, for a certain homologous point in the image, its coordinate is Pt＝(px,py,pz)，Sk(. and V)k(. to) denote the trajectory and velocity vector of the radar, respectively, with subscript k ═ 1, and 2 denotes the primary and secondary star radars, then the InSAR positioning equation is:
|Pt-S1(t1)|＝R1 (5)
Figure BDA0002866283670000067
Figure BDA0002866283670000068
wherein λ is radar wavelength, R1And f1Is the main satellite radar slant range and the Doppler center frequency, t1And t2Respectively, the main and auxiliary satellite interference time, B (t)2) As primary and secondary radar instantaneous baseline vectors, S2(t2)＝S1(t2)+B(t2)。
And (4) calculating the plane coordinates of all ground points by using the absolute fuzzy number of the lifting rail through the formulas (5) to (7), and counting the distances of all the plane coordinates of the same-name points of the lifting rail.
Thirdly, given elevation increment to count the distances of all homonymous point plane coordinates of the lifting rail
Giving an elevation increment, recalculating absolute fuzzy numbers of lifting rail data respectively, recalculating to obtain new plane coordinates of all ground points when the fuzzy numbers change, and counting distances of the plane coordinates of all homologous points of the lifting rail;
step four, calculating the final absolute fuzzy number by taking the shortest distance as a constraint condition:
comparing the distances of the two times, if the distance is increased, changing the sign of elevation increment, and continuously repeating the step 3;
if the distance is reduced, the searching direction is correct, and the step 3 is continuously repeated;
and when the searching direction is changed for 2 times, stopping searching, and taking the absolute fuzzy number corresponding to the minimum distance as the final absolute fuzzy number of the lifting rail.
Step five, calculating the absolute phase:
the absolute ambiguity number is substituted to calculate the absolute phase using equation (4).
The effectiveness of the novel method for determining the InSAR absolute phase without ground control based on the lifting rail data, which is provided by the invention, is verified by utilizing TanDEM-X lifting rail data, the data are located in Ritang county, autonomous state of Cumin, Sichuan province and are typical mountainous terrain, and no obvious strong scattering point exists in an SAR image.
TABLE 1 TanDEM-X lifting track data basic information
Figure BDA0002866283670000071
Firstly, 11 homonymous points with obvious characteristics are manually selected by using an intensity image of TanDEM-X lifting rail data, and then absolute fuzzy numbers of the lifting rail data are respectively calculated to be 814 and 3474 by using an absolute phase determination method based on the shortest distance constraint of the lifting rail data. The results are correct by comparison with the absolute fuzzy numbers obtained for the 11 point ground survey coordinate points.
The table 2 shows the ground point gaussian coordinates respectively obtained by the lifting rail InSAR, and it can be seen from the table that the errors of the processing result of the lifting rail InSAR and the measurement coordinates of the ground control points are within 15 meters, which accords with the design index of the TanDEM-X system and shows that the absolute fuzzy number resolving result is correct. The elevation precision generated by the test is lower than that of the TanDEM-X system disclosed at present, the global DEM adjustment is mainly carried out by utilizing ground control points at the later stage of the TanDEM-X system, the precision is integrally improved, and the text is only a single-scene processing result and also contains certain systematic errors.
TABLE 2 ground control point coordinates and ground point Gauss coordinates comparison obtained by lifting rail I nSAR
Figure BDA0002866283670000081
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention as pure computer readable program code, the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention can be fully implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (10)

1. An InSAR absolute phase determination method without ground control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and a reference absolute fuzzy number calculation step: respectively calculating reference absolute fuzzy numbers of the lifting rail data by using the average elevation;
distance calculation step: calculating the distances of all the homonymous point plane coordinates of the lifting rail according to the reference absolute fuzzy number;
distance statistics step: calculating the distances of all homonymous point plane coordinates of the lifting rail by the given elevation increment;
absolute fuzzy number calculating step: calculating a final absolute fuzzy number by taking the shortest distance as a constraint condition according to a distance statistical result;
absolute phase calculation step: and calculating the respective absolute phase of the lifting rail according to the absolute fuzzy number.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference absolute ambiguity number calculation step comprises:
respectively calculating absolute fuzzy number n of the orbit-ascending data by using the average elevation and the image coordinates of 1 homonymous point provided in the parameter file1And the absolute fuzzy number n of the down-track data2(ii) a If the parameter file does not provide an average elevation, a reference elevation is assumed for calculation.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the distance calculating step comprises:
and respectively calculating plane coordinates of all ground points by using the calculated lifting rail reference absolute fuzzy number through an InSAR positioning equation, and counting the distances of the plane coordinates of all homonymous points of the lifting rail.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the distance statistics step comprises:
and giving an elevation increment, recalculating absolute fuzzy numbers of the lifting rail data respectively, recalculating to obtain new plane coordinates of all ground points when the fuzzy numbers change, and counting the distances of the plane coordinates of all the same-name points of the lifting rail.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the absolute ambiguity number calculation step comprises: comparing the distances of the two times, if the distance is increased, changing the sign of elevation increment, and continuously repeating the distance counting step;
if the distance is reduced, the searching direction is correct, and the distance counting step is continuously repeated;
and when the searching direction is changed for 2 times, stopping searching, and taking the absolute fuzzy number corresponding to the minimum distance as the final absolute fuzzy number of the lifting rail.
6. An InSAR absolute phase determination system without ground control, comprising:
a reference absolute fuzzy number calculation module: respectively calculating reference absolute fuzzy numbers of the lifting rail data by using the average elevation;
a distance calculation module: calculating the distances of all the homonymous point plane coordinates of the lifting rail according to the reference absolute fuzzy number;
a distance statistic module: calculating the distances of all homonymous point plane coordinates of the lifting rail by the given elevation increment;
an absolute fuzzy number calculation module: calculating a final absolute fuzzy number by taking the shortest distance as a constraint condition according to a distance statistical result;
an absolute phase calculation module: and calculating the respective absolute phase of the lifting rail according to the absolute fuzzy number.
7. The terrestrially-free InSAR absolute phase determination system of claim 6 wherein the reference absolute ambiguity calculation module comprises:
respectively calculating absolute fuzzy number n of the orbit-ascending data by using the average elevation and the image coordinates of 1 homonymous point provided in the parameter file1And the absolute fuzzy number n of the down-track data2(ii) a If the parameter file does not provide an average elevation, a reference elevation is assumed for calculation.
8. The terrestrially-free InSAR absolute phase determination system according to claim 6, wherein the distance calculation module comprises:
and respectively calculating plane coordinates of all ground points by using the calculated lifting rail reference absolute fuzzy number through an InSAR positioning equation, and counting the distances of the plane coordinates of all homonymous points of the lifting rail.
9. The terrestrially-free InSAR absolute phase determination system according to claim 6, wherein the distance statistics module comprises:
and giving an elevation increment, recalculating absolute fuzzy numbers of the lifting rail data respectively, recalculating to obtain new plane coordinates of all ground points when the fuzzy numbers change, and counting the distances of the plane coordinates of all the same-name points of the lifting rail.
10. The terrestrially-free InSAR absolute phase determination system of claim 6 wherein the absolute ambiguity number calculation module comprises: comparing the distances of the two times, if the distance is increased, changing the sign of the elevation increment, and continuously repeating distance statistics;
if the distance is reduced, the searching direction is correct, and distance statistics is continuously repeated;
and when the searching direction is changed for 2 times, stopping searching, and taking the absolute fuzzy number corresponding to the minimum distance as the final absolute fuzzy number of the lifting rail.
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