CN112730011A - Rapid nondestructive testing method for preservation state of water-saturated wooden cultural relics - Google Patents
Rapid nondestructive testing method for preservation state of water-saturated wooden cultural relics Download PDFInfo
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- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of determination methods of preservation states of water-saturated wooden cultural relics, and provides a rapid nondestructive detection method of the preservation states of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics, which comprises the following steps: a cleaning step, cleaning the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic; testing, namely testing the water-saturated wooden cultural relics by using a spectrometer; acquiring data, namely acquiring spectral data tested by a spectrometer and processing the spectral data; establishing a correction model, namely establishing a correction model of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics; and a step of determining the preservation state, which is used for testing the spectral data and the clustering behavior of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics through the steps and determining the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics. By adopting the technical scheme, after the testing step and the data acquiring step, the correction model establishing step and the preservation state determining step are adopted, the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics can be accurately determined, and the method has the advantages of no destructive sampling damage and high testing speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection methods of preservation states of water-saturated wooden cultural relics, in particular to a rapid nondestructive detection method of the preservation states of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
Background
The water-saturated wooden cultural relics are important components of the wooden cultural relics in the cultural heritage of human beings, and comprise water-containing wooden cultural relics and water-containing wooden cultural relics with deposited dirt. The water-saturated wooden cultural relics mainly comprise ancient wooden ships, production and living appliances, wooden buildings, wooden components and the like, and are important cultural relic resources in China. Due to long-term burying in a complex water environment, the water-saturated wooden cultural relics have the characteristics of uneven degradation degree, various diseases, fragile material property and the like. The difference in structure and performance between wood cultural relics and normal wood is commonly used to qualitatively describe the preservation state of the wood cultural relics. The method realizes accurate evaluation of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics, can provide theoretical basis and technical support for selection of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic protection and reinforcement process, influences extraction of human historical culture information, and becomes a scientific premise and basis for water-saturated wooden cultural relic protection.
In the prior art, the method for determining the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics mainly comprises the following steps: a method for measuring physical and chemical indexes such as the maximum water content, the basic density and the residual basic density of the wooden cultural relics; the method comprises the steps of performing decay grade judgment on the wooden cultural relics by using an optical microscopic analysis method, a scanning electron microscope technology and a transmission electron microscope method based on the anatomical structure of the wood, a fluorescence microscopic analysis method based on the component structure of the wood cell wall, a wet chemical method based on the relative content of the components of the wood cell wall and other technical means.
The preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics is generally divided into three grades according to the change degree of the structure and the performance of the wooden cultural relics and the normal wood, and the three grades are respectively serious decay, moderate decay and low decay. The severely decayed wood cultural relics mostly have high maximum water content, low basic density, serious degradation degree of cell anatomical structures, low ratio of relative content of holocellulose to lignin, strong fluorescence intensity, missing secondary wall cellulose polarization phenomenon and the like. However, the methods for measuring the storage state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics have the problems of loss of sampling destruction, long test period, easy influence of deposition of inorganic matters, organic matters and other dirt, and the like.
How to effectively solve the technical problems is a problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems or at least partially solve the technical problems, the invention provides a rapid nondestructive testing method for the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
The method for rapidly and nondestructively determining the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics comprises the following steps:
a cleaning step, cleaning the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic;
a testing step, testing the water-saturated wooden cultural relics by using a spectrometer;
acquiring data, namely acquiring spectral data tested by the spectrometer and processing the spectral data;
establishing a correction model, namely establishing a correction model of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics;
and a step of determining the preservation state, which is used for testing the spectral data and the clustering behavior of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics through the steps and determining the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
Further, in the washing step:
removing stains on the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, and cleaning the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic by using deionized water;
when removing stains on the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, any one of a cleaning knife and air blowing equipment is adopted.
Further, in the testing step, the testing conditions are:
the spectrum scanning range is 350nm to 2550nm, the resolution is 0.5nm to 15nm, the measurement time is 1 second to 30 seconds, 8 groups to 40 groups of spectrum data are obtained by one-time measurement, the repeatedly scanned spectra are combined each time to obtain a new averaged spectrum file, 1 time to 10 times of data are collected at each test site, and the distance between adjacent test sites is 20mm to 300 mm.
Further, in the acquiring data step, processing the spectral data includes:
eliminating abnormal spectra;
preprocessing an original spectrum;
extracting spectral characteristics;
and selecting a calibration set sample.
Further, the raw spectrum preprocessing step comprises preprocessing of smoothing, derivative, multivariate scattering correction and standard normal quantity transformation.
Further, in the step of selecting the correction set samples, the near infrared spectrum data of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics with different preservation states and uniform quantity distribution are selected for establishing a model.
Further, in the step of establishing a correction model:
screening N M types of water-saturated wooden cultural relics, and repeating the testing step and the data obtaining step;
and analyzing the near infrared spectrum data of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics by using chemometrics software, and establishing a correction model of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
Further, in the step of determining a storage state:
acquiring and processing near infrared spectrum data of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic to be detected by utilizing the cleaning step, the testing step and the data acquiring step;
and determining the storage state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics by utilizing the correction model established in the step of establishing the correction model and through the near infrared spectrum data of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics to be detected and the clustering behaviors of the M types of water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
Optionally, the cleaning knife comprises a first knife rest and a second knife rest, and connecting frames are arranged at the end parts of the first knife rest and the second knife rest;
the first tool rest and the second tool rest are contacted with the external force;
a first blade is arranged at the end part of the first tool rest far away from the side of the connecting frame, and a second blade is arranged at the end part of the second tool rest far away from the side of the connecting frame;
and a scraping ring is arranged on the connecting frame far away from the first blade side, and a smooth part is arranged at the edge of the scraping ring.
Optionally, a blade sliding frame is arranged on the first blade holder, a blade sliding groove is formed in the blade sliding frame, a third blade is connected to the blade sliding groove, a detachable blade cap is connected to the third blade far away from the blade sliding frame, and a protection piece is arranged on the blade sliding frame close to the scraping ring side.
In the invention, after the testing step and the data acquiring step, the correction model establishing step and the storage state determining step are adopted, so that the storage state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic can be determined quickly and accurately, and the method has the advantages of no destructive sampling damage, short testing period and low possibility of being influenced by deposition of inorganic matters, organic matters and other pollutants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a rapid nondestructive testing method for the preservation state of a water-saturated wooden cultural relic provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the clearing knife provided by the invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a first tool holder; 11. a first blade;
2. scraping rings;
3. a second tool holder; 31. a second blade;
4. a blade carriage;
5. a third blade;
6. a blade cap;
7. a guard;
8. and a connecting frame.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but not to limit it. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms "connected" and "coupled" are used broadly and may include, for example, a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a rapid nondestructive testing method for the preservation state of a water-saturated wooden cultural relic comprises the following steps:
a cleaning step, cleaning the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic;
testing, namely testing the water-saturated wooden cultural relics by using a spectrometer;
acquiring data, namely acquiring spectral data tested by a spectrometer and processing the spectral data;
establishing a correction model, namely establishing a correction model of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics;
and a step of determining the preservation state, which is used for testing the spectral data and the clustering behavior of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics through the steps and determining the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
In the embodiment, after the testing step and the data acquiring step, the correction model establishing step and the storage state determining step are adopted, so that the storage state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics can be rapidly and accurately determined, and the damage, the sampling damage, the short testing period and the influence of deposition of inorganic matters, organic matters and other pollutants are avoided.
Example 2
In the cleaning step: removing stains on the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, and cleaning the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic by using deionized water;
when removing stains on the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, any one of a cleaning knife and air blowing equipment is adopted.
In the embodiment, any one of the cleaning knife and the air blowing equipment can be adopted to remove the stains on the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics, and the cleaning knife and the air blowing equipment can also be adopted to remove the stains on the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics; the cleaning knife is manually and slightly operated, so that the damage to the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic caused by the automatic operation of the mechanical knife can be avoided.
Example 3
In the testing step, the test conditions were: the spectrum scanning range is 350nm to 2550nm, the resolution is 0.5nm to 15nm, the measurement time is 1 second to 30 seconds, 8 groups to 40 groups of spectrum data are obtained by one-time measurement, the repeatedly scanned spectra are combined each time to obtain a new averaged spectrum file, 1 time to 10 times of data are collected at each test site, and the distance between adjacent test sites is 20mm to 300 mm.
In this embodiment, the spectral data of each water-saturated wooden cultural relic to be measured is repeatedly scanned for multiple times and combined to obtain a new averaged spectral data file, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing errors.
The spectral data is data preprocessed in the subsequent steps.
Because the decay and deterioration degrees of different areas on each water-saturated wooden cultural relic are different, in order to ensure the detection accuracy, the distance between adjacent test sites is 20mm to 300 mm.
The tested equipment spectrometer is any one of a table type near infrared spectrometer, a middle near infrared spectrum all-in-one machine, a handheld near infrared spectrum, a near infrared fiber spectrum and a near infrared high-speed spectrometer in the prior art, and preferably the handheld near infrared spectrum.
Since the analysis result can be realized by using the spectrum analysis software in the prior art, the spectrum analysis software is not described in detail in this embodiment.
The water-saturated wooden cultural relics do not need to be damaged or preprocessed during collection of the spectral data; no consumption of other materials in the analysis process, low cost and good analysis reproducibility.
Example 4
In the acquiring data step, processing the spectral data includes:
eliminating abnormal spectra;
preprocessing an original spectrum;
extracting spectral characteristics to remove wave bands related to water molecules;
and selecting a calibration set sample.
In this embodiment, after the spectral data is processed, the interference of the abnormal spectrum is further reduced, which is beneficial to the execution of the step of establishing the correction model.
Example 5
Raw spectrum preprocessing steps including smoothing, derivative, Multivariate Scatter Correction (MSC) and standard normal vector transform (SNV) preprocessing.
In this embodiment, other pretreatment methods known in the art, for example, may also be employed. The original spectrum preprocessing step can effectively improve the adaptability of the model, effectively filter noise information in a Near Infrared (NIR) spectrum and keep effective information.
In the preprocessing of the derivative, SG smoothing is preferred in smoothing; the derivative may be first order or second order, preferably first order. The adaptive capacity of the model can be further improved, noise information in the near infrared spectrum can be filtered, and effective information can be reserved.
Example 6
In the step of selecting the correction set samples, the near infrared spectrum data of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics with different preservation states and uniform quantity distribution are selected for establishing a model.
In this embodiment, the execution of the step of establishing a correction model is facilitated.
Example 7
In the step of establishing the correction model: screening N M types of water-saturated wooden cultural relics, and repeating the testing step and the data acquisition step;
and analyzing the near infrared spectrum data of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics by using chemometrics software, and establishing a correction model of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
In this embodiment, N is 3 to 100 sets, preferably 8 to 40 sets; each set is 1 each of severely decayed water-saturated wooden cultural relics, moderately decayed water-saturated wooden cultural relics and low-decayed water-saturated wooden cultural relics;
m is 3 categories, specifically a severely decayed water-saturated wood cultural relic, a moderately decayed water-saturated wood cultural relic and a low decayed water-saturated wood cultural relic.
The chemometrics software establishes PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA correction models, preferably OPLS-DA (orthogonal partial least squares regression analysis) correction models. Because the chemometrics software in the prior art can be used, the chemometrics software is not described in detail in this embodiment.
Example 8
In the step of determining the storage state: collecting and processing near infrared spectrum data of the saturated wooden cultural relic to be detected by utilizing a cleaning step, a testing step and a data acquisition step;
and determining the storage state of the to-be-detected water-saturated wooden cultural relics by utilizing the correction model established in the step of establishing the correction model and the near infrared spectrum data of the to-be-detected water-saturated wooden cultural relics and the clustering behaviors of the M types of water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
In the embodiment, the rapid and accurate determination of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics is further realized.
Example 9
In order to compare and verify the determination result of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic to be determined is determined to be serious decay by using the technical method (the maximum water content method is combined with the optical microscopic analysis method of the anatomical structure of the wood) for determining the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic which is widely used at the present stage.
Adopting air blowing, and then slowly washing stains on the surface of the wooden cultural relic by using deionized water; the spectrum scanning range is 1600-2550nm, the resolution is 12nm, the measurement time is 15 seconds, the spectrometer is set to obtain 40 groups of spectrum data through one-time measurement, and each test site acquires 3 times of data. The near-infrared spectrometer scans a near-infrared spectrogram of the saturated wooden cultural relic to be detected, and an OPLS-DA correction model is established by utilizing 100 sets of saturated samples (each set of saturated wooden cultural relics containing serious decay, moderate decay and low decay respectively comprises 1) under the same condition test and data processing near-infrared spectrum data; the model is used for predicting the preservation state of the wood cultural relics saturated with water to be tested, and the determination result is shown in the following table.
Example 10
In order to compare and verify the determination result of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic to be determined is low-degree decay by using a technical method (a maximum water content method and an optical microscopic analysis method of a wood anatomical structure) which is widely used at the present stage.
Adopting air blowing, and then slowly washing stains on the surface of the wooden cultural relic by using deionized water; the spectrum scanning range is 900 minus 2400nm, the resolution is 3.5nm (900 minus 1700nm) and 13nm (1100 minus 2400nm), the measuring time is 1 second, the spectrometer is set to be one-time measurement to obtain 25 groups of spectrum data, and 4 times of data are acquired at each test site. The near-infrared spectrometer scans a near-infrared spectrogram of the saturated wooden cultural relic to be detected, and an OPLS-DA correction model is established by utilizing 14 sets of saturated samples (each set of saturated wooden cultural relics containing serious decay, moderate decay and low decay respectively comprises 1) under the same condition test and data processing near-infrared spectrum data; the model is used for predicting the preservation state of the wood cultural relics saturated with water to be tested, and the determination result is shown in the following table.
Example 11
In order to compare and verify the determination result of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic to be determined is low-degree decay by using a technical method (a maximum water content method and an optical microscopic analysis method of a wood anatomical structure) which is widely used at the present stage.
Cleaning the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic by adopting air blowing combined with an art designing knife, and then slowly washing stains on the surface of the wooden cultural relic by using deionized water; the spectrum scanning range is 350-2550nm, the resolution is 0.5nm, the measurement time is 30 seconds, the spectrometer is set to obtain 35 groups of spectrum data through one-time measurement, and 8 times of data are acquired at each test site. The near-infrared spectrometer scans a near-infrared spectrogram of the saturated wooden cultural relic to be detected, and a PLS-DA correction model is established by utilizing 48 sets of saturated samples (each set of saturated wooden cultural relic containing serious decay, saturated wooden cultural relic containing medium decay and saturated wooden cultural relic containing low decay 1 respectively) to test and process near-infrared spectrum data under the same conditions; the model is used for predicting the preservation state of the wood cultural relics saturated with water to be tested, and the determination result is shown in the following table.
Example 12
In order to compare and verify the determination result of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic to be determined is moderate decay by using the technical method (the maximum water content method is combined with the optical microscopic analysis method of the anatomical structure of the wood) for determining the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic which is widely used at the present stage.
Adopting air blowing, and then slowly washing stains on the surface of the wooden cultural relic by using deionized water; the spectrum scanning range is 1500-2400nm, the resolution is 10nm, the measurement time is 15 seconds, the spectrometer is set to obtain 15 groups of spectrum data through one-time measurement, and each test site adopts 6 times of data. The near-infrared spectrometer scans a near-infrared spectrogram of the saturated wooden cultural relic to be detected, and an OPLS-DA correction model is established by utilizing 3 sets of saturated samples (each set of saturated wooden cultural relic containing serious decay, saturated wooden cultural relic containing medium decay and saturated wooden cultural relic containing low decay respectively has 1) under the same condition test and data processing; the model is used for predicting the preservation state of the wood cultural relics saturated with water to be tested, and the determination result is shown in the following table.
Example 13
In order to compare and verify the determination result of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic to be determined is moderate decay by using the technical method (the maximum water content method is combined with the optical microscopic analysis method of the anatomical structure of the wood) for determining the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic which is widely used at the present stage.
Adopting air blowing, and then slowly washing stains on the surface of the wooden cultural relic by using deionized water; the spectrum scanning range is 1600-2400nm, the resolution is 11nm, the measurement time is 3 seconds, the spectrometer is set to obtain 20 groups of spectrum data through one-time measurement, and 1 time of data is acquired at each test site. The near-infrared spectrometer scans a near-infrared spectrogram of the saturated wooden cultural relic to be detected, and an OPLS-DA correction model is established by utilizing 25 sets of saturated samples (each set of saturated wooden cultural relics containing serious decay, moderate decay and low decay respectively comprises 1) under the same condition test and data processing near-infrared spectrum data; the model is used for predicting the preservation state of the wood cultural relics saturated with water to be tested, and the determination result is shown in the following table.
Example 14
In order to compare and verify the determination result of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic to be determined is moderate decay by using the technical method (the maximum water content method is combined with the optical microscopic analysis method of the anatomical structure of the wood) for determining the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic which is widely used at the present stage.
Adopting air blowing, and then slowly washing stains on the surface of the wooden cultural relic by using deionized water; the spectrum scanning range is 1000-2550nm, the resolution is 8nm, the measurement time is 10 seconds, the spectrometer is set to obtain 30 groups of spectrum data through one-time measurement, and 5 times of data are acquired at each test site. The near-infrared spectrometer scans a near-infrared spectrogram of the saturated wooden cultural relic to be detected, and an OPLS-DA correction model is established by utilizing 63 sets of saturated samples (each set of saturated wooden cultural relic containing serious decay, saturated wooden cultural relic containing medium decay and saturated wooden cultural relic containing low decay 1 respectively) to test under the same conditions and perform data processing; the model is used for predicting the preservation state of the wood cultural relics saturated with water to be tested, and the determination result is shown in the following table.
Example 15
In order to compare and verify the determination result of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic to be determined is determined to be serious decay by using the technical method (the maximum water content method is combined with the optical microscopic analysis method of the anatomical structure of the wood) for determining the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic which is widely used at the present stage.
Cleaning the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic by adopting air blowing combined with an art designing knife, and then slowly washing stains on the surface of the wooden cultural relic by using deionized water; the spectrum scanning range is 1550 + 2550nm, the resolution is 15nm, the measurement time is 12 seconds, the spectrometer is set to obtain 8 groups of spectrum data through one-time measurement, and 10 times of data are acquired at each test site. The near-infrared spectrometer scans a near-infrared spectrogram of the saturated wooden cultural relic to be detected, and an OPLS-DA correction model is established by utilizing 89 sets of saturated samples (each set of saturated wooden cultural relic containing serious decay, saturated wooden cultural relic containing medium decay and saturated wooden cultural relic containing low decay) to test under the same conditions and data processing near-infrared spectrum data; the model is used for predicting the preservation state of the wood cultural relics saturated with water to be tested, and the determination result is shown in the following table.
The statistical table of the determination results of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics comprises the following steps:
from the data in the table, the rapid nondestructive testing method for the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics can nondestructively, rapidly and accurately test the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
Example 16
As shown in fig. 2, the cleaning knife comprises a first knife rest 1 and a second knife rest 3, and the end parts of the first knife rest 1 and the second knife rest 3 are provided with connecting frames 8;
the first tool rest 1 and the second tool rest 3 are contacted with the external force;
the end part of the first tool rest 1 far away from the connecting frame 8 is provided with a first blade 11, and the end part of the second tool rest 3 far away from the connecting frame 8 is provided with a second blade 31;
the connecting frame 8 far away from the first blade 11 is provided with a scraping ring 2, and the edge of the scraping ring 2 is provided with a smooth part.
In the embodiment, the first blade 11 and the second blade 31 can clean gaps on the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic.
The first knife rest 1 and the second knife rest 3 are both made of elastic materials with certain hardness in the prior art, so that the first knife rest 1 and the second knife rest 3 are in contact with each other along with external force application, and automatically reset after the external force application is stopped.
Example 17
As shown in fig. 2, the first blade carrier 1 is provided with a blade carriage 4, the blade carriage 4 is provided with a blade sliding groove, the blade sliding groove is connected with a third blade 5, the third blade 5 far from the blade carriage 4 is connected with a detachable blade cap 6, and the blade carriage 4 near the scraper ring 2 is provided with a guard 7.
In this embodiment, the third blade 5 is used to clean the flat part of the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic. When the third blade 5 is used, the third blade slides into the blade sliding groove, and the protection piece 7 prevents the hands of the worker from contacting the third blade 5 to cause cutting injury. When the cleaning work is finished, the third blade 5 is removed from the blade sliding groove and then placed in a box for containing the blades, or the blade cap 6 is placed on the third blade 5.
The above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and it should be finally explained that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: it is to be understood that modifications may be made to the above-described arrangements in the embodiments or equivalents may be substituted for some of the features of the embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid nondestructive testing method for the preservation state of a water-saturated wooden cultural relic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a cleaning step, cleaning the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic;
a testing step, testing the water-saturated wooden cultural relics by using a spectrometer;
acquiring data, namely acquiring spectral data tested by the spectrometer and processing the spectral data;
establishing a correction model, namely establishing a correction model of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics;
and a step of determining the preservation state, which is used for testing the spectral data and the clustering behavior of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics through the steps and determining the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein, in the washing step:
removing stains on the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, and cleaning the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic by using deionized water;
when removing stains on the surface of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic, any one of a cleaning knife and air blowing equipment is adopted.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the testing step, the test conditions are:
the spectrum scanning range is 350nm to 2550nm, the resolution is 0.5nm to 15nm, the measurement time is 1 second to 30 seconds, 8 groups to 40 groups of spectrum data are obtained by one-time measurement, the repeatedly scanned spectra are combined each time to obtain a new averaged spectrum file, 1 time to 10 times of data are collected at each test site, and the distance between adjacent test sites is 20mm to 300 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in the acquiring data step, processing the spectral data comprises:
eliminating abnormal spectra;
preprocessing an original spectrum;
extracting spectral characteristics;
and selecting a calibration set sample.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the raw spectrum preprocessing step comprises preprocessing of smoothing, derivative, multivariate scatter correction and standard normal vector transformation.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein in the step of selecting the calibration set samples, near infrared spectrum data of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics with different preservation states and uniform quantity distribution are selected for establishing the model.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step of establishing a correction model:
screening N M types of water-saturated wooden cultural relics, and repeating the testing step and the data obtaining step;
and analyzing the near infrared spectrum data of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics by using chemometrics software, and establishing a correction model of the preservation state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in the determining a save state step:
acquiring and processing near infrared spectrum data of the water-saturated wooden cultural relic to be detected by utilizing the cleaning step, the testing step and the data acquiring step;
and determining the storage state of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics by utilizing the correction model established in the step of establishing the correction model and through the near infrared spectrum data of the water-saturated wooden cultural relics to be detected and the clustering behaviors of the M types of water-saturated wooden cultural relics.
9. The method of claim 2,
the cleaning knife comprises a first knife rest and a second knife rest, and connecting frames are arranged at the end parts of the first knife rest and the second knife rest;
the first tool rest and the second tool rest are contacted with the external force;
a first blade is arranged at the end part of the first tool rest far away from the side of the connecting frame, and a second blade is arranged at the end part of the second tool rest far away from the side of the connecting frame;
and a scraping ring is arranged on the connecting frame far away from the first blade side, and a smooth part is arranged at the edge of the scraping ring.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein a blade carriage is disposed on the first blade carrier, a blade runner is disposed on the blade carriage, a third blade is attached to the blade runner, a removable blade cap is attached to the third blade distal from the blade carriage, and a guard is disposed on the blade carriage proximal to the scraper ring side.
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