CN112728434A - 抗病毒空气过滤照明设备 - Google Patents
抗病毒空气过滤照明设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了抗病毒空气过滤照明设备,其包括:壳体;两个光源;通气道;所述通气道中的空气过滤器;与所述通气道对应的空气循环机构;其中,在工作时,所述壳体包围所述两个光源、所述通气道及所述空气过滤器;第一光源主要发出可见光并占照明设备的光输出的100%;第二光源被隐藏在壳体内且对照明设备的光输出没有贡献;所述通气道具有空气入口和空气出口;所述空气循环机构通过空气入口抽吸环境空气、迫使空气穿过空气过滤器、及通过空气出口释放空气;所述空气过滤器将空气传播的微生物俘获在其表面上并在其表面上具有抗病毒光催化涂层;所述第二光源与空气过滤器相邻定位并激活光催化剂材料;被俘获的微生物被激活的光催化剂材料分解。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于照明设备领域,尤其涉及抗病毒空气过滤照明设备。
背景技术
已知光催化剂在紫外光下变得有效并通过破坏细菌的细胞壁而灭杀细菌。Soma,R.等在美国专利6,242,752中教导了在照明设备的透镜上使用由锐钛型二氧化钛(TiO2)制成的光催化薄膜,使得随着源自照明设备的光照射透过二氧化钛薄膜,光的UV射线激活光催化剂,使得其破坏细菌的细胞壁并导致细菌的灭杀。Soma,R.等提出的照明设备的一个限制在于其需要UV光来激活光催化剂TiO2。
在美国专利9,522,384中,Liu L.等介绍了一种新的纳米TiO2结构,其光催化作用可通过在400到450nm波长范围的可见光激活。这种新的光催化材料消除了UV光限制并使可见光能与光催化材料一起用于杀菌应用。一种这样的应用在Maa等的美国专利10,118,170中教导,其通过将光催化涂层施加到照明设备的透镜上而使得光催化作用可由源自照明设备的光源的可见光激活实现。当空气传播的微生物接触照明设备的透镜表面上的光催化涂层时,其被灭杀和分解。
Maa等介绍的照明设备的抗菌效果在有用的同时稍微受到限制,因为其仅灭杀与透镜表面上的光催化涂层接触的空气传播的微生物。此外,Maa的教导依赖于用于将微生物带到透镜表面的其它手段。其缺乏将空气传播的微生物带到可发生光催化杀菌活动的光催化表面的前摄手段。
发明内容
本发明通过具有前摄空气过滤机构的照明设备解决了Maa的教导的限制,空气过滤机构用于使环境空气循环通过涂覆有光催化材料的空气过滤器,使得空气传播的微生物被空气过滤器俘获及随后被空气过滤器上的光催化涂层灭杀和分解。
在一方面,照明设备包括壳体、两个光源、至少一通气道、每一通气道中一个空气过滤器、及用于通气道的空气循环机构。壳体包围两个光源、至少一通气道及空气过滤器。第一光源可主要发出可见光(>400nm)并占照明设备的光输出的100%。第二光源被隐藏在壳体内且对照明设备的光输出没有贡献。第二光源不用于照明目的。而是,第二光源用于激活空气过滤器的表面上涂覆的光催化材料。
照明设备具有至少一通气道。对于每一通气道,其具有空气入口和空气出口。每一通气道中有一个空气过滤器。空气循环机构通过空气入口抽吸环境空气、迫使空气穿过空气过滤器、及通过空气出口释放空气。空气过滤器将空气传播的微生物俘获在其表面上并在其表面上具有抗病毒光催化涂层。不用于照明目的的第二光源与空气过滤器相邻定位,用于激活抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料。不需要第二光源位于通气道内。仅需要第二光源与空气过滤器相邻,使得其能有效地激活空气过滤器上的抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料。当空气传播的微生物被空气过滤器俘获时,抗病毒光催化涂层中的激活的光催化剂材料将灭杀和分解所俘获的微生物。
在一些实施例中,空气循环机构为位于通气道中的风扇。然而,其它空气循环机构如外部的HVAC系统也可用作本发明的空气循环机构,只要其可有效地使环境空气移动通过通气道即可。
如果使用可见光可激活的光催化剂材料例如Liu等介绍的材料,可见光源可用作用于触发光催化活性的第二光源。因此,在一些实施例中,空气过滤器上的抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料可由可见光(>400nm)激活。
当在抗病毒光催化涂层中使用常规的光催化剂材料时,需要用UV光触发光催化活性。因而,在一些实施例中,第二光源为主要发出UV光(<400nm)的UL光源。
在一些实施例中,抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料包含一种类型的材料即二氧化钛(TiO2)。使用具有另一金属的TiO2同样常见,因为该金属可帮助TiO2吸收可见光范围的能量。因此,在一些实施例中,抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料包含二氧化钛(TiO2)作为主要光催化剂及包含活性金属成分如银、金、铜、锌、镍或其组合作为次要光催化剂。Liu在美国专利9,522,384中的教导展示了TiO2用作主要光催化剂及银用作次要光催化剂。
二氧化钛被分类为半导光催化剂。最近的技术突破已证明贵金属纳米粒子如金(Au)和银(Ag)作用机制不同于那些半导光催化剂的一类高效率光催化剂(https:// pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/gc/c3gc40450a#!divAbstract)。本发明不限于仅使用半导光催化剂如TiO2。基于金属的光催化剂将无妨地起作用。因此,在一些实施例中,抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料包含贵金属纳米颗粒如金(Au)或银(Ag)作为主要光催化剂。
在一些实施例中,第一光源可包括白光LED,每一白光LED主要发出可见光(>400nm)。在一些实施例中,第二光源可包括UV LED,每一UV LED主要发出UV光(<400nm)。
在一些实施例中,第一光源还可包括第三光源和第四光源。二者均主要发出可见光(>400nm),第三光源的色温高于第四光源的色温。具有较高色温的第三光源用于提供较高的昼夜节律刺激,这是一些模拟日光的照明应用所需要的。类似地,具有较低色温的第四光源用于针对夜间提供较低的昼夜节律刺激。此外,在一些实施例中,第一光源的色温可经控制器调节,其通过混合第三光源与第四光源的色温的组合比进行。该色温调节可手动进行,或者可根据存储器模块中存储的昼夜节律方案自动进行。昼夜节律方案在黎明时将第一光源的色温从暖白(2700K)变为冷白(6500K),及在日落时反过来,将色温调回到暖白,因而模仿日光的色温转变。
在空气过滤器上的抗病毒光催化涂层中使用可见光可激活的光催化剂材料的情形下,第二光源可主要发出可见光(>400nm)。在该情形下,隐藏第二光源的需要可放宽。因此,在一些实施例中,第二光源不被完全隐藏在壳体内,并可占照明设备的光输出的1%到20%,而第一光源可占照明设备的光输出的80%到99%。在一些实施例中,第一和第二光源可使用同样类型的LED。在该情形下,最靠近空气过滤器的LED被视为第二光源,其余LED被视为第一光源,但它们均对照明设备的光输出有贡献。
附图说明
包括附图以帮助进一步理解本发明,及附图构成本发明的一部分。附图示出了本发明的经选择的多个实施例,连同下面的详细描述一起,用于阐释本发明的原理。应意识到,为清楚地图示本发明的概念,附图并不必然按比例绘制,一些元件可能与实际实施中的大小不成比例。
图1a示意性地示出了作为本发明实施例的LED旋入型灯的截面图;
图1b从另一角度示意性地示出了旋入型灯;
图1c从又一角度示意性地示出了旋入型灯;
图1d示意性地示出了灯的空气过滤器及其抗病毒光催化涂层,以及俘获的微生物;
图2a示意性地示出了LED天花板灯具的外部图;
图2b示意性地示出了天花板灯具的透视图;
图2c示意性地示出了天花板灯具的空气过滤器及其抗病毒光催化涂层,以及俘获的微生物;
图3示意性地示出了LED壁灯具及其截面。
具体实施方式
概述
本发明的多种不同的实施方式及有关发明概念在下面描述。然而,应当承认,本发明不限于任何特定的实施方式,在此明确描述的多个不同实施例主要用于说明目的。例如,在此描述的多个不同的概念可在具有不同成形系数的多种照明设备中适当实施。
本发明公开了一种照明设备,其包括壳体、两个光源、至少一通气道、每一通气道中一个空气过滤器、及用于通气道的空气循环机构。第一光源发出可见光并占照明设备的光输出的100%。第二光源被隐藏在壳体内,其用于激活空气过滤器上的抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料。空气循环机构迫使环境空气穿过空气过滤器,及空气过滤器俘获空气传播的微生物。俘获的微生物随后被抗病毒光催化涂层中的激活的光催化剂材料灭杀和分解。
实施例
图1a-1c示出了本发明的LED旋入型灯100形式的照明设备的实施例。该灯具有壳体101、第一光源102、第二光源103、一个通气道104、一个风扇105及一个空气过滤器106。第一光源102包括等顶部的多个LED,主要发出在>400nm波长范围的白光,并占照明设备的光输出的100%。第二光源103包括多个UV LED并被隐藏在壳体内,对照明设备的光输出没有贡献。通气道104具有空气入口107和空气出口108。风扇105及空气过滤器106位于通气道104内。风扇105通过空气入口107抽吸环境空气、迫使空气穿过空气过滤器106、及通过空气出口108释放空气。空气过滤器106在其表面上具有抗病毒光催化涂层109。第二光源103与空气过滤器106相邻定位,用于激活抗病毒光催化涂层109中的光催化剂材料。在该实施例中,第二光源103在通气道104内。
在图1d中,随着空气通过空气过滤器106,空气传播的微生物110被俘获在空气过滤器的表面上。抗病毒光催化涂层109中被第二光源103激活的光催化剂材料灭杀和分解所俘获的微生物110。光催化剂材料包含纳米锐钛型TiO2111作为其主要光催化剂及纳米银112作为其次要光催化剂。当使用TiO2和纳米银作为光催化剂时,可见光LED可用作第二光源103,仍然能实现足够的光催化效果。还可预见使用不同于纳米银的其它金属作为次要光催化剂。此外,可以预期使用贵金属纳米颗粒如金(Au)和银(Ag)作为主要光催化剂,代替半导光催化剂TiO2。
图2a和2b示出了本发明的LED天花板灯具200形式的照明设备的实施例。该天花板灯具具有壳体201、第一光源202a,202b、第二光源203a,203b、两个通气道204a,204b、两个风扇205a,205b及两个空气过滤器206a,206b。第一光源包括三个PCB上的六排LED。在六排LED中,三排为2700K LED 202a,及另三排为6500K LED 202b。2700K LED产生较少的昼夜节律刺激,更适合用于夜间照明;而6500K LED产生较高的昼夜节律刺激,更适合日间使用。2700K和6500K LED的组合的光输出为照明设备的总光输出。由于它们中的每一个主要发出在>400nm波长范围的可见光,它们的组合光也在>400nm波长范围中。控制器212用于通过改变2700K LED 202a和6500K LED 202b的光输出的混合比而对照明设备的光输出调色。此外,存储器模块212用于存储昼夜节律方案。控制器212因而可根据存储器模块213中存储的昼夜节律方案对第一光源的光输出自动调色。昼夜节律方案在黎明时将第一光源的色温从暖白(2700K)变为冷白(6500K),及在日落时反过来,将色温调回到暖白,因而模仿日光的色温转变。
两个通气道204a和204b的构造是一样的,因此下面仅描述通气道204a。隐藏在壳体中的第二光源203a包括多个UV LED,且对照明设备的光输出没有贡献。通气道204a具有空气入口207a和空气出口208a。风扇205a和空气过滤器206a位于通气道204a内。随着风扇205a迫使空气通过通气道204a,空气传播的微生物210被俘获在空气过滤器206a的表面上。空气过滤器206a的表面被涂覆抗病毒光催化涂层209。如图2c中所示,抗病毒光催化涂层209仅包含一种类型的光催化剂材料211即TiO2。当光催化剂材料211被第二光源203a激活时,其灭杀和分解所俘获的微生物210。在该例子中仅使用一种类型的光催化剂材料TiO2,因为较大数量的UV LED 203a,203b对TiO2提供足够的激活。
图3示出了本发明的LED壁灯具300形式的照明设备的实施例。该图的右边为壁灯具的外部视图,及该图的左边为壁灯具的分解图。壳体包括顶盖312、底盖313、透镜310、背板316及两个装饰边件314,315。第一光源包括多个LED,及第二光源也包括多个LED但与空气过滤器306相邻,空气过滤器306在壁灯具的顶部。风扇305位于壁灯具的底部。风扇305将空气过滤器306均在通气道304内。通气道304穿过壳体301内的气室并具有入口307和出口308。LED驱动器309安装在背板316上。尽管未在图3中示出,空气过滤器的结构与图1d中所示类似,空气过滤器的表面上的抗病毒光催化涂层包括TiO2作为主要光催化剂及纳米银作为次要光催化剂。该壁灯具实施例的独特性在于第一光源302和第二光源303使用同样类型的LED。它们的区别仅在于与空气过滤器306的相对相邻关系不同。此外,第二光源也贡献于壁灯具的光输出。
另外及备选的实施注意事项
尽管相应技术已按某些应用特定的语言进行描述,应当理解,所附权利要求并不必然限于在此描述的具体特征或应用。而是,这些具体特征和例子作为实施相应技术的非限制性的示例性形式公开。
如本申请中使用的,术语“或”意为包括“或”而不是排除“或”。也就是说,除非指明或者可从上下文明显看出,“X采用A或B”意为任何自然包括的变化组合。即,如果X采用A、X采用B、或者X采用A和B,则在任何前述具体情况下满足“X采用A或B”。此外,本申请中使用的“一”应一般地解释为意为“一个或多个”,除非明确指明或者从上下文可明显看出其就是指单数形式。
Claims (13)
1.一种照明设备,包括:
壳体;
两个光源,其包含第一光源和第二光源;
通气道;
所述通气道中的空气过滤器;
与所述通气道对应的空气循环机构;
其中,在工作时,
所述壳体包围所述两个光源、所述通气道及所述空气过滤器;
第一光源主要发出可见光(>400nm)并占照明设备的光输出的100%;
第二光源被隐藏在壳体内且对照明设备的光输出没有贡献;
所述通气道具有空气入口和空气出口;
所述空气循环机构通过空气入口抽吸环境空气、迫使空气穿过空气过滤器、及通过空气出口释放空气;
所述空气过滤器将空气传播的微生物俘获在其表面上并在其表面上具有抗病毒光催化涂层;
所述第二光源与空气过滤器相邻定位并激活抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料;
被空气过滤器俘获的空气传播的微生物被抗病毒光催化涂层中的激活的光催化剂材料分解。
2.根据权利要求1所述的照明设备,其中所述空气循环机构包括位于所述通气道中的风扇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的照明设备,其中所述空气过滤器上的抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料由可见光(>400nm)激活。
4.根据权利要求1所述的照明设备,其中第二光源主要发出紫外(UV)光(<400nm)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的照明设备,其中所述空气过滤器上的抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料包含二氧化钛(TiO2)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的照明设备,其中所述空气过滤器上的抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料包含二氧化钛(TiO2)作为主要光催化剂及包含活性金属成分如银、金、铜、锌、镍或其组合作为次要光催化剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的照明设备,其中所述空气过滤器上的抗病毒光催化涂层中的光催化剂材料包含贵金属金(Au)或银(Ag)纳米颗粒作为主要光催化剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的照明设备,其中第一光源包括白光发光二极管(LED),每一白光发光二极管主要发出可见光(>400nm)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的照明设备,其中第二光源包括紫外光(UV)发光二极管(LED),每一紫外光发光二极管主要发出UV光(<400nm)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的照明设备,其中第一光源还包括第三光源和第四光源,其中第三光源和第四光源均主要发出可见光(>400nm),其中第三光源的色温高于第四光源的色温。
11.根据权利要求10所述的照明设备,还包括:
控制器;
其中第一光源的色温可经所述控制器通过混合第三光源与第四光源的色温的组合比进行调节,或手动进行调节,或根据存储器模块中存储的昼夜节律方案自动进行调节。
12.根据权利要求1所述的照明设备,其中第二光源被部分和/或完全隐藏在壳体内,并占照明设备的光输出的1%到20%,及其中第一光源占照明设备的光输出的80%到99%。
13.根据权利要求12所述的照明设备,其中第一和第二光源使用同样类型的发光二极管(LED)。
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