CN112727419A - Method for exploiting oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium-thickness oil shale deposits - Google Patents
Method for exploiting oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium-thickness oil shale deposits Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/241—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection combined with solution mining of non-hydrocarbon minerals, e.g. solvent pyrolysis of oil shale
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for exploiting oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium-thickness oil shale deposits, belonging to the field of unconventional oil and gas resource exploitation and utilization; the method comprises the following steps of carrying out well type arrangement in a Y-shaped or cross-shaped mode within the thickness range of an ore bed, carrying out hydraulic fracturing on the ore bed through each shaft, injecting a propping agent into high-pressure water to ensure the opening degree and connectivity of cracks inside the ore bed, carrying out heat preservation treatment on only a middle well in different shafts to serve as a heat injection well, using a middle ring well and a peripheral well as production wells, and sequentially carrying out the processes of injecting high-temperature water steam into the middle well, producing oil gas from the middle ring well, using the middle ring well as an oxygen injection gas well, injecting condensate water into the middle well, producing oil gas from the peripheral well and the like in the heat injection process so as to carry out pyrolysis and oil gas production work of the large-range ore bed; the problems that in the existing in-situ mining technology for thin and medium-thickness oil shale ore beds, the design cost of a well barrel is too high, and huge heat of the ore beds after pyrolysis cannot be effectively utilized are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of unconventional oil and gas resource exploitation and utilization, and particularly relates to a method for exploiting oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium-thickness oil shale deposits.
Background
Oil shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock containing solid combustible organic matter (kerogen) which is insoluble in basic petroleum solvents. The kerogen can be cracked into gas products and oil shale oil by dry distillation, and the oil shale oil can be processed to produce qualified oil products. The oil shale is used as an unconventional oil and gas resource, and the efficient development and utilization of the oil shale have important influence and practical significance on relieving the situation of poor oil and less gas in China.
Currently, the main ways to develop oil shale resources in the world include two: underground mining or surface mining, ground dry distillation mining and underground in-situ mining. The first mining method is similar to the traditional mining method, firstly, oil shale ore is mined, large ore is crushed and then is placed in a dry distillation furnace, pyrolysis is carried out under the condition of air isolation, shale gas in a pyrolysis product is directly used for combustion, and oil shale oil is collected, reprocessed and utilized. However, the underground excavation needs huge cost, the goaf formed by the oil shale exploitation is easy to cause surface subsidence, and harmful substances generated by ground dry distillation pollute the environment and destroy the balance and stability of ecological environment, so that the exploitation mode has a plurality of problems technically.
Because the organic matter contained in the oil shale is the object of utilization, the underground in-situ mining technology of the oil shale only needs to lead the heat injection well to the mineral bed, the mineral bed is directly heated, the organic matter is cracked to generate pyrolysis oil gas after the mineral bed of the oil shale is fully pyrolyzed, and the oil gas is discharged to the ground through the production well. The in-situ heating mode of the oil shale can be divided into three main categories, namely conduction heating, convection heating and combustion and radiation heating. The ICP (In-situ Conversion Process) technology of the shell company of the netherlands is a typical representative of the conduction heating technology, the technology utilizes the high temperature of an electrode to heat a mineral bed, the temperature of a heater can reach over 1000 ℃, but the thermal conductivity of oil shale is extremely poor, the heating efficiency is low, and the oil shale takes a long time to reach the temperature for effective pyrolysis. The Lawrence Levermore national laboratory wireless radio frequency technology utilizes the principle of thermal radiation heating to carry out heating decomposition to the oil shale seam, because the wireless radio frequency penetrating power is strong, the heat conduction efficiency is high when the wireless radio frequency heats the seam, arranges the horizontal well in the seam simultaneously in order to strengthen the heating range of seam, and the electric wave parallel propagation in the seam this moment can exploit large-scale oil shale seam, but the radiant heating technology is still immature at present.
In view of the characteristics that the thermal conductivity of the oil shale is extremely poor and the internal organic matters are insoluble in the conventional organic solvent, a plurality of experts and scholars at home and abroad consider that the convection heating oil shale exploitation technology has important industrial prospects. Patents relating to the field of convective heating of oil shale include CN 167687A, CN 103114831 a, CN201710822240.3, cn201610785229.x, etc. The prior patent mainly claims that each well can be used as a heat injection well and a production well in order to fully pyrolyze the ore layer in the range of a cluster well by performing hydraulic fracturing or horizontal well fracturing on the ore layer and then injecting high-temperature fluid for heating. But its disadvantages are mainly expressed as: firstly, in order to reduce the heat loss of hot fluid in the injection process, a shaft needs to be subjected to strict heat insulation design, and if each well can be used as a heat injection well, the cost is higher; secondly, a large amount of carbon residue with extremely high temperature can be formed after the oil shale is pyrolyzed, and the heat is not reasonably utilized in the prior art, so that huge energy loss is undoubtedly caused. Therefore, in order to overcome the above two main disadvantages, it is necessary to design a method for producing hydrocarbon products by underground efficient pyrolysis of oil shale.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a method for exploiting oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium-thickness oil shale deposits; the problems that in the existing in-situ mining technology for thin and medium-thickness oil shale ore beds, the design cost of a well barrel is too high, and huge heat of the ore beds after pyrolysis cannot be effectively utilized are solved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A method for exploiting oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium oil shale deposits comprises the following specific steps:
s1, drilling at the target area position selected by the oil shale ore, wherein the well type arrangement mode is Y type or cross line type, a middle well, a middle ring well and a peripheral well are formed in sequence from inside to outside, and the well spacing between the middle well and the middle ring well is larger than that between the middle ring well and the peripheral well;
s2, lowering a well pipe in each drilling hole, wherein the lowering position of the well pipe is close to the bottom of the oil shale layer to be pyrolyzed;
s3, performing hydraulic fracturing on the oil shale ore layer, adding a propping agent into high-pressure water, and stopping the operation after the oil shale ore layers are communicated among the mineshafts;
s4, pyrolyzing the oil shale ore layer by using the middle well as a heat injection well, wherein in the pyrolysis process, the oil shale ore layer between the middle well and the middle ring well is pyrolyzed firstly, and then the oil shale ore layer between the middle ring well and the peripheral well is pyrolyzed;
s5, taking the middle well as a heat injection well and the middle ring well as a production well, closing the peripheral well, and injecting high-temperature water vapor into the middle well, so as to pyrolyze the oil shale deposit between the middle well and the middle ring well and cool and separate oil and water on the ground; in the pyrolysis process, when the oil shale oil and gas product extraction rate formed by oil shale cracking is as low as 30%, the oil shale ore layer between the middle well and the middle ring well is fully pyrolyzed;
s6, after pyrolysis of the oil shale deposit between the middle well and the middle ring well is completed, the temperature of the oil shale deposit subjected to pyrolysis between the middle well and the middle ring well is still high, at the moment, the middle well is used as a heat injection well, the peripheral well is used as a production well, and the middle ring well is used as an oxygen blowing well; injecting normal-temperature water into the heat injection well, gasifying the normal-temperature water into steam under the high-temperature action of the underground mineral bed, continuously introducing pure oxygen into the middle ring well, and continuously burning residual carbon formed by the pyrolyzed oil shale, so that the temperature of the steam can be continuously increased through a burning area near the middle well, and then pyrolyzing the oil shale mineral bed between the middle ring well and the peripheral wells, wherein when the oil gas extraction rate obtained by the peripheral wells is as low as 30%, the oil shale pyrolysis work within a selected target area range is completed;
and S7, after the pyrolysis work is finished, normal-temperature water is injected into the middle ring well, and the peripheral wells extract water, so that low-temperature waste heat power generation work or heating work can be performed.
Further, in the step S1, the well interval between the middle well and the middle ring well is 50-70 m, and the well interval between the middle ring well and the peripheral well is 30-50 m.
Further, in the step S1, when the oil shale deposit is a thin deposit, that is, when the thickness is less than 10m, the well type arrangement mode is "Y type", and the number of wells in each group is 7; when the oil shale ore bed is a medium-thickness ore bed, namely the thickness is between 10m and 15m, the well type arrangement mode is a cross line type, and the number of wells in each group is 9.
Further, in the step S1, when the thickness of the oil shale ore layer is small, the well type arrangement mode is "Y type", and the number of wells in each group is 7; when the thickness of the oil shale ore layer is relatively thick, the well type arrangement mode is a cross line type, and the number of wells in each group is 9.
Further, in step S2, the middle well is a double-layer well pipe structure, and heat insulation is performed between the double-layer well pipes, so as to reduce heat loss in the well pipes during heat injection, the middle ring well and the peripheral well are both single-layer pipe structures, and the well pipes are sealed from the wellbore gap.
Further, in the step S5, the temperature of the high-temperature steam is controlled to be 500 to 600 ℃, and the pressure of the steam is 1 atm to 1 MPa.
Further, in step S6, a negative pressure device is disposed at the outlet of the production well.
Further, in the steps S6 and S7, the normal temperature water is selected as the cooling water after the surface oil-water separation.
Furthermore, the method is suitable for mining oil shale ore layers with the thickness of below 15m and the burial depth of below 250 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for exploiting the oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of the thin and medium-thick oil shale deposits, only one well is used as a heat injection well in the range of the selected target area, and the other wells are common production wells, so that the well cementation cost is greatly saved.
2. According to the method for exploiting oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium-thickness oil shale deposits, the radius of the area to be mined in the step S1 is the distance between the middle well and the peripheral wells, and the range of the oil shale deposits exploited by the well spacing mode of the type is higher than that of the well spacing mode of other known inventions.
3. According to the method for exploiting oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium oil shale mineral layers, when the oil shale mineral layer between the middle ring well and the peripheral well is pyrolyzed in the step S6, a large amount of heat of carbon residue formed after pyrolysis of the oil shale is fully utilized, a natural high-temperature steam generation place is built underground, and the energy utilization rate is high; meanwhile, the process of preparing high-temperature water vapor by consuming other energy sources on the ground is avoided, and the mining cost is greatly reduced.
4. According to the method for exploiting the oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of the thin and medium-thickness oil shale deposits, the normal-temperature water injected by the injection well in the steps S6 and S7 is from the cooling water after oil-water separation on the ground, and water resources are saved.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a "Y-well" arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a "cross-hair" well-type arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of pyrolysis of an oil shale formation between a donut well and a peripheral well in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the pyrolysis of an oil shale formation between a donut well and a peripheral well in accordance with the present invention;
wherein, 1 is a middle well, 2 is a middle ring well, 3 is a peripheral well, 4 is negative pressure equipment, 5 is an oil shale ore bed, 6 is a fracturing crack, 7 is overlying rock, 8 is a bottom plate bedrock, 9 is a carbon residue area, 10 is a combustion area, and 11 is a carbonization area.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
As shown in figures 1-4, the invention provides a method for exploiting oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium-thickness oil shale mineral layers, which adopts a Y-shaped or cross-shaped mode to carry out well-shaped arrangement within the thickness range of the oil shale mineral layer, carries out hydraulic fracturing on the oil shale mineral layer through each shaft, and injects a propping agent into high-pressure water to ensure the openness and connectivity of internal cracks of the oil shale mineral layer. In different shafts, only the middle well is subjected to heat preservation treatment and is used as a heat injection well, and the middle ring well and the peripheral well are used as production wells. In the heat injection process, the processes of injecting high-temperature water vapor into the middle well, extracting oil gas from the middle ring well, taking the middle ring well as an oxygen injection gas well, injecting condensate water into the middle well, extracting oil gas from the peripheral well and the like are sequentially carried out, so that the pyrolysis and oil gas extraction work of the oil shale mineral bed in a large range is carried out.
Example 1
When the thickness of the oil shale deposit is 5m and the burial depth is 100m, the method for mining the oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of the thin oil shale deposit comprises the following specific steps:
1. drilling at a target area position selected by the oil shale ore, wherein the well type arrangement mode is Y type, a middle well 1, a middle ring well 2 and a peripheral well 3 are sequentially formed from inside to outside, 7 wells are arranged in total, the well spacing between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2 is 70m, and the well spacing between the middle ring well 2 and the peripheral well 3 is 50 m;
2. well pipes are lowered in the drilling holes, the lowering positions of the well pipes are close to the bottom of an oil shale ore layer 5 to be pyrolyzed, the middle well 1 is of a double-layer well pipe structure, heat insulation treatment is carried out between the double-layer well pipes, therefore, heat loss of heat in the well pipes in the heat injection process is reduced, the middle ring well 2 and the peripheral well 3 are of single-layer pipe structures, and gaps between the well pipes and the drilling holes are sealed;
3. performing hydraulic fracturing on the oil shale ore layer 5, simultaneously adding a propping agent into high-pressure water, and stopping the operation after the oil shale ore layers 5 are communicated among the mineshafts to form fracturing cracks 6;
4. the method comprises the following steps of performing pyrolysis on an oil shale ore layer 5 by taking a middle well 1 as a heat injection well, performing pyrolysis on the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle well 1 and a middle ring well 2 in the pyrolysis process, and performing pyrolysis on the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle ring well 2 and a peripheral well 3;
5. taking the middle well 1 as a heat injection well, taking the middle ring well 2 as a production well, closing the peripheral well 3, injecting high-temperature water vapor with the temperature of 500 ℃ into the middle well 1, controlling the vapor pressure to be 1-3 atmospheric pressures, so as to pyrolyze the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2, and cooling and separating oil and water on the ground; when the oil shale oil and gas product extraction rate formed by oil shale cracking is reduced to 30% in the pyrolysis process, the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2 is fully pyrolyzed;
6. after the pyrolysis work of the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2 is finished, the temperature of the oil shale ore layer 5 pyrolyzed between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2 is still high, at the moment, the middle well 1 is used as a heat injection well, and most of the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2 is a dry distillation area 11; the middle ring well 2 is used as an oxygen blowing well, residual carbon formed by the oil shale after pyrolysis around the bottom of the middle ring well 2 can be continuously combusted, and an oil shale ore layer 5 in a certain range around the bottom of the middle well 1 is used as a combustion area 10; the peripheral well 3 is used as a production well, and the oil shale ore layer 5 to be pyrolyzed between the middle ring well 2 and the peripheral well 3 is a carbonization area 11; the negative pressure device 4 is arranged at the same time; normal temperature water is injected into the heat injection well, the normal temperature water can be gasified into steam under the high-temperature action of the underground oil shale ore layer 5, pure oxygen is continuously introduced into the middle ring well 2, residual carbon formed by the pyrolyzed oil shale can be continuously combusted, the temperature of the steam in a combustion area near the middle well can be continuously increased, then the pyrolysis work of the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle ring well 2 and the peripheral well 3 is carried out, when the oil gas extraction rate obtained by the peripheral well is reduced to 30%, the oil shale pyrolysis work within a selected target area range is completed.
7. After the pyrolysis work is finished, normal-temperature water is injected into the middle ring well 2, the peripheral well 3 is extracted, and low-temperature waste heat power generation work or heating work can be performed.
Example 2
When the thickness of the oil shale deposit is 15m and the burial depth is 200m, the method for exploiting the oil and gas products from the thick oil shale deposit in the underground pyrolysis comprises the following specific steps:
1. drilling at a target area position selected by the oil shale ore, wherein the well type arrangement mode is a cross line type, a middle well 1, a middle ring well 2 and a peripheral well 3 are sequentially formed from inside to outside, 9 wells are arranged in total, the well spacing between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2 is 50m, and the well spacing between the middle ring well 2 and the peripheral well 3 is 30 m;
2. well pipes are lowered in the drilling holes, the lowering positions of the well pipes are close to the bottom of an oil shale ore layer 5 to be pyrolyzed, the middle well 1 is of a double-layer well pipe structure, heat insulation treatment is carried out between the double-layer well pipes, therefore, heat loss of heat in the well pipes in the heat injection process is reduced, the middle ring well 2 and the peripheral well 3 are of single-layer pipe structures, and gaps between the well pipes and the drilling holes are sealed;
3. performing hydraulic fracturing on the ore layer 5, simultaneously adding a propping agent into high-pressure water, and stopping the operation after the oil shale ore layers 5 among the mineshafts are communicated to form fracturing cracks 6;
4. the method comprises the following steps of performing pyrolysis on an oil shale ore layer 5 by taking a middle well 1 as a heat injection well, performing pyrolysis on the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle well 1 and a middle ring well 2 in the pyrolysis process, and performing pyrolysis on the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle ring well 2 and a peripheral well 3;
5. taking the middle well 1 as a heat injection well, taking the middle ring well 2 as a production well, closing the peripheral well 3, injecting high-temperature water vapor with the temperature of 600 ℃ into the middle well 1, controlling the vapor pressure to be between 0.5MPa and 1MPa, so as to pyrolyze the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2, and cooling and separating oil and water on the ground; when the oil shale oil and gas product extraction rate formed by oil shale cracking is reduced to 30% in the pyrolysis process, the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2 is fully pyrolyzed;
6. after the pyrolysis work of the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2 is finished, the temperature of the oil shale ore layer 5 pyrolyzed between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2 is still high, at the moment, the middle well 1 is used as a heat injection well, and most of the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle well 1 and the middle ring well 2 is a dry distillation area 11; the middle ring well 2 is used as an oxygen blowing well, residual carbon formed by the oil shale after pyrolysis around the bottom of the middle ring well 2 can be continuously combusted, and an oil shale ore layer 5 in a certain range around the bottom of the middle well 1 is used as a combustion area 10; the peripheral well 3 is used as a production well, and the oil shale ore layer 5 to be pyrolyzed between the middle ring well 2 and the peripheral well 3 is a carbonization area 11; and meanwhile, negative pressure equipment 4 is arranged, normal-temperature water is injected into the heat injection well, the normal-temperature water can be gasified into steam under the high-temperature action of the underground oil shale ore layer, pure oxygen is continuously introduced into the middle ring well 2, and residual carbon formed by the pyrolyzed oil shale can be continuously combusted, so that the temperature of the steam in a combustion area near the middle well can be continuously increased, then the pyrolysis work of the oil shale ore layer 5 between the middle ring well 2 and the peripheral well 3 is carried out, and when the oil gas extraction rate obtained by the peripheral well is reduced to 30%, the pyrolysis work of the oil shale in a selected target area range is completed.
7. After the pyrolysis work is finished, normal-temperature water is injected into the middle ring well 2, the peripheral well 3 is extracted, and low-temperature waste heat power generation work or heating work can be performed.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (8)
1. A method for exploiting oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium oil shale deposits is characterized in that,
comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling at the target area position selected by the oil shale ore, wherein the well type arrangement mode is Y type or cross line type, a middle well (1), a middle ring well (2) and a peripheral well (3) are formed in sequence from inside to outside, and the well spacing between the middle well (1) and the middle ring well (2) is larger than the well spacing between the middle ring well (2) and the peripheral well (3);
s2, lowering a well pipe in each well bore, wherein the lowering position of the well pipe is close to the bottom of the oil shale layer (5) to be pyrolyzed;
s3, performing hydraulic fracturing on the oil shale ore layer (5), adding a propping agent into high-pressure water, and stopping the operation when the oil shale ore layers (5) among the mineshafts are communicated;
s4, pyrolyzing the oil shale ore layer (5) by using the middle well (1) as a heat injection well, wherein in the pyrolysis process, the oil shale ore layer (5) between the middle well (1) and the middle ring well (2) is pyrolyzed firstly, and then the oil shale ore layer (5) between the middle ring well (2) and the peripheral well (3) is pyrolyzed;
s5, taking the middle well (1) as a heat injection well, taking the middle ring well (2) as a production well, closing the peripheral well (3), injecting high-temperature water vapor into the middle well (1), thereby pyrolyzing the oil shale ore bed (5) between the middle well (1) and the middle ring well (2), and performing oil-water cooling and separating work on the ground; in the pyrolysis process, when the oil shale oil and gas product extraction rate formed by oil shale cracking is as low as 30%, the oil shale ore layer (5) between the intermediate well (1) and the middle ring well (2) is fully pyrolyzed;
s6, after pyrolysis work of the oil shale ore layer (5) between the middle well (1) and the middle ring well (2) is completed, the temperature of the oil shale ore layer (5) between the middle well (1) and the middle ring well (2) after pyrolysis is still high, at the moment, the middle well (1) is used as a heat injection well, the peripheral well (3) is used as a production well, and the middle ring well (2) is used as an oxygen blowing well; injecting normal-temperature water into the heat injection well, gasifying the normal-temperature water into steam under the high-temperature action of the underground ore bed, continuously introducing pure oxygen into the central ring well (2), and continuously burning residual carbon formed by the pyrolyzed oil shale, so that the temperature of the steam can be continuously increased through a burning area near the central well, and then pyrolyzing the oil shale ore bed (5) between the central ring well (2) and the peripheral well (3), wherein when the oil gas extraction rate obtained by the peripheral well (3) is as low as 30%, the oil shale pyrolysis work within the range of the selected target area is completed;
and S7, after the pyrolysis work is finished, normal-temperature water is injected into the middle ring well (2), and the peripheral well (3) is extracted, so that low-temperature waste heat power generation work or heating work can be performed.
2. The method for exploiting hydrocarbon products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium oil shale deposits according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the well spacing between the middle well (1) and the middle ring well (2) is 50-70 m, and the well spacing between the middle ring well (2) and the peripheral well (3) is 30-50 m.
3. The method for mining hydrocarbon products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium oil shale deposits according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, when the oil shale deposit (5) is a thin deposit, that is, a thickness of less than 10m, the well type arrangement is "Y type", the number of wells per group is 7; when the oil shale ore bed (5) is a medium-thickness ore bed, namely the thickness is between 10m and 15m, the well type arrangement mode is a cross line type, and the number of wells in each group is 9.
4. The method for producing hydrocarbon products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium-thickness oil shale deposits according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the middle well (1) is a double-well pipe structure, heat insulation treatment is performed between the double-well pipes so as to reduce heat loss in the well pipes during heat injection, the middle ring well (2) and the peripheral well (3) are single-layer pipe structures, and the well pipes are sealed from the gaps of the well pipes.
5. The method for mining oil and gas products by underground pyrolysis of thin and medium oil shale deposits according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the temperature of the high-temperature water vapor is controlled to be 500-600 ℃, and the pressure of the water vapor is 1 atmosphere-1 MPa.
6. The method for extracting hydrocarbon products from underground thin and medium oil shale deposits according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, a negative pressure device (4) is arranged at the outlet of the production well.
7. The method for extracting oil and gas products from underground pyrolysis of thin and medium oil shale deposits according to claim 1, wherein the normal temperature water is selected as cooling water after surface oil-water separation in steps S6 and S7.
8. A method for the production of oil and gas products by the underground pyrolysis of thin and medium oil shale deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that it is suitable for the production of oil shale deposits (5) with a thickness below 15m and a burial depth below 250 m.
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